NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Cape Cod National Seashore Massachusetts July 2018 Foundation Document Cape Cod Provincetown 6 National Seashore Truro (lands above Plymouth mean high water) CAPE COD Wellfleet 3 BAY 495 Eastham Cape Cod Canal Orleans 25 Brewster Dennis Buzzards Bay 6 195 Chatham Dennis Hyannis Port NANTUCKET SOUND Monomoy NWR Woods Hole August 2010 Cape Cod National Seashore Contents Mission of the National Park Service 1 Introduction 2 Part 1: Core Components 3 Brief Description of the Park 3 Park Purpose 4 Park Significance 5 Fundamental Resources and Values 6 Natural Resources 6 Cultural Resources 9 Visitor Experience 12 Partnerships 13 Other Important Resources and Values 14 Cultural Resources 14 Visitor Experience 15 Related Resources 16 Interpretive Themes 19 Part 2: Dynamic Components 20 Special Mandates and Administrative Commitments 20 Special Mandates 20 Administrative Commitments 21 Assessment of Planning and Data Needs 21 Analysis of Fundamental Resources and Values 21 Natural Resources 22 Cultural Resources 45 Visitor Experience 60 Partnerships 66 Analysis of Other Important Resources and Values 70 Cultural Resources 70 Visitor Experience 74 Identification of Key Issues and Associated Planning and Data Needs 80 Planning and Data Needs 81 Part 3: Contributors 88 Cape Cod National Seashore 88 Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission 88 NPS Northeast Region 88 Other NPS Staff 88 Appendixes 89 Appendix A: Enabling Legislation for Cape Cod National Seashore 89 Appendix B: Cape Cod National Seashore Land Coverage by Acreage 99 Foundation Document Cape Cod National Seashore Mission of the National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The National Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world. The NPS core values are a framework in which the National Park Service accomplishes its mission. They express the manner in which, both individually and collectively, the National Park Service pursues its mission. The NPS core values are: · Shared stewardship: We share a commitment to resource stewardship with the global preservation community. · Excellence: We strive continually to learn and improve so that we may achieve the highest ideals of public service. · Integrity: We deal honestly and fairly with the public and one another. · Tradition: We are proud of it; we learn from it; we are not bound by it. · Respect: We embrace each other’s differences so that we may enrich the well-being of everyone. The National Park Service is a bureau within the Department of the Interior. While numerous national park system units were created prior to 1916, it was not until August 25, 1916, that President Woodrow Wilson signed the National Park Service Organic Act formally establishing the National Park Service. The national park system continues to grow and comprises more than 400 park units covering more than 84 million acres in every state, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. These units include, but are not limited to, national parks, monuments, battlefields, military parks, historical parks, historic sites, lakeshores, seashores, recreation areas, scenic rivers and trails, and the White House. The variety and diversity of park units throughout the nation require a strong commitment to resource stewardship and management to ensure both the protection and enjoyment of these resources for future generations. The arrowhead was authorized as the official National Park Service emblem by the Secretary of the Interior on July 20, 1951. The sequoia tree and bison represent vegetation and wildlife, the mountains and water represent scenic and recreational values, and the arrowhead represents historical and archeological values. 1 Foundation Document Introduction Every unit of the national park system will have a foundational document to provide basic guidance for planning and management decisions—a foundation for planning and management. The core components of a foundation document include a brief description of the park as well as the park’s purpose, significance, fundamental resources and values, other important resources and values, and interpretive themes. The foundation document also includes special mandates and administrative commitments, an assessment of planning and data needs that identifies planning issues, planning products to be developed, and the associated studies and data required for park planning. Along with the core components, the assessment provides a focus for park planning activities and establishes a baseline from which planning documents are developed. A primary benefit of developing a foundation document is the opportunity to integrate and coordinate all kinds and levels of planning from a single, shared understanding of what is most important about the park. The process of developing a foundation document begins with gathering and integrating information about the park. Next, this information is refined and focused to determine what the most important attributes of the park are. The process of preparing a foundation document aids park managers, staff, and the public in identifying and clearly stating in one document the essential information that is necessary for park management to consider when determining future planning efforts, outlining key planning issues, and protecting resources and values that are integral to park purpose and identity. While not included in this document, a park atlas is also part of a foundation project. The atlas is a series of maps compiled from available geographic information system (GIS) data on natural and cultural resources, visitor use patterns, facilities, and other topics. It serves as a GIS-based support tool for planning and park operations. The atlas is published as a (hard copy) paper product and as geospatial data for use in a web mapping environment. The park atlas for Cape Cod National Seashore can be accessed online at: http://insideparkatlas.nps.gov/. 2 Cape Cod National Seashore Part 1: Core Components The core components of a foundation document include a brief description of the park, park purpose, significance statements, fundamental resources and values, other important resources and values, and interpretive themes. These components are core because they typically do not change over time. Core components are expected to be used in future planning and management efforts. Brief Description of the Park Cape Cod, a slender spit of land curving some 60 miles out into the Atlantic Ocean, is an extraordinary resource, an area that is strikingly lovely and unusual in its combination and diversity of resources. Its unsurpassed beaches, ponds, marshes, bays, pine barrens, inlets, and dunes combine with historic landscapes and thriving communities to create an intricate mosaic. Cape Cod National Seashore was authorized in 1961 to preserve a part of this fascinating, ever- changing landscape. Cape Cod is one of the largest glacially formed peninsulas in the world, and the Great Beach, on the Atlantic side, is one of the longest expanses of uninterrupted sandy shoreline on the East Coast. Natural change on the Cape is constant and dramatic, especially along the ocean shore. Within the national seashore the action of wind, waves, tides, and rain remains mostly unaffected by development, providing a rare opportunity to observe their effects on the land and shoreline formations. The lands and waters of the national seashore comprise about 44,000 acres (varies depending on the location of the low tide shoreline for parts of the outer Cape). The nonmarine land and water area totals about 26,810 acres. Based on recent aerial mapping, that area includes 3,375 acres of grassland, 895 acres of heathland, 3,765 acres of deciduous forest, 11,500 acres of mixed pine forest, 2,550 acres of wetlands and ponds, 1,875 acres of salt marsh, 1,700 acres of beach and tide flats, and 1,150 acres of developed land. The Cape’s prominent position in the Atlantic has long made it a key location for human settlement; archeological sites testify to more than 9,000 years of occupation. This long period of continuous human settlement has produced occupations, folkways, and pastimes that have been singular developments in American history. By the 1600s the Wampanoag Indians used or inhabited all the lands now within the national seashore. In 1620 Cape Cod was the first landfall for the Pilgrims and the site of the creation of the Mayflower Compact. With European settlement, Cape Codders took to the sea, creating whaling and fishing industries as well as a long and famous tradition of shellfishing. This seafaring heritage is reflected in the many lighthouses and lifesaving and Coast Guard stations that dot the Cape. Settlers were the architects of a style of dwelling with a steep roof to shed the rain and snow and low to the ground to withstand buffeting winds; this style came to be known as the Cape Cod house, recognized throughout the United States. Cape Cod has also been the site of significant technological achievements. The first transatlantic cable was laid between Cape Cod and France in 1866. In 1903 Guglielmo Marconi was instrumental in successfully sending and receiving the first exchange