Project Proposal: ENHANCING THE COLLECTIVE CAPACITY FOR MANAGING BORDER AND FOR PROTECTING BORDER COMMUNITIES BETWEEN MAURITANIA AND MALI

Project Data Table Technical Cooperation on Migration Management and Capacity Building Project type: (TC) Secondary project type: n/a . Border Area between the southern part of Mauritania and the Geographical Coverage: western part of Mali . Capitals of Mauritania and Mali (Nouakchott and Bamako) Executing agency: International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mauritania: . The Border Police (DST: Directorate of Territorial Surveillance/ Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire), the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization . Local population residing in the border area with Mali Beneficiaries: . Travellers including vulnerable persons such as women and minors Mali: . The Border Police (DPAF: Directorate of Border Police/Direction de la Police des Frontières), the Ministry of Interior and Security 1 . Local population residing in the border area with Mauritania . Travellers including vulnerable persons such as women and minors Mauritania: . Ministry of Interior and Decentralization Partner(s): Mali: . Ministry of Interior and Security Management site: Nouakchott in Mauritania Duration: 24 months Estimated budget: 3,000,000 USD

1 The Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection(le Ministère de la Sécurité Interne et de la Protection Civile) of Mali was renamed to the Ministry of Interior and Security (le Ministère de l’Intérieur et de la Sécurité) without changing the structure of its agencies.

IOM/OIM Nouakchott Lot 551 E Nord Tevragh Zeina• Nouakchott• Mauritanie (RIM) Tel : +222 45 24 40 81 • Fax : +222 45 24 40 81 • E-mail : [email protected] • Internet : http://www.iom.int

SUMMARY

IOM proposes this project “Enhancing the Collective Capacity for Managing Border and for Protecting Border Communities between Mauritania and Mali” in order to ensure the continuation of the peaceful foundations of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauritania) grown in calmness over seven years for its stable development by countering breaches coming through insecure border areas. This project particularly targets the improvement of the security of the vulnerable border area with the Republic of Mali (Mali) by enhancing the collective capacity in border management, in parallel with other on-going IOM projects achieving greater control at the border with Senegal over the past couple of years. This project will seek to facilitate greater cooperation between the governments of Mauritania and Mali. With recent signs of improvement in the security situation in the North of Mali and national political stability, the two governments recently started to talk over security issues at their common borders - the expansion of transnational criminal networks and the increased presence of terrorist organizations that control and benefit from the irregular movements of persons, weapons, drugs and other criminal activities through unofficial routes on the vast border area, which has only 15 border posts on the Mauritanian side and four border posts on the Malian side.

To realize the enhanced collective border management capacity based on firm foundations for its sustainability and continuous development, achievements and experiences of Mauritania will be shared with Mali to facilitate its development of national border management strategy, national capacity building strategy and training modules and materials for the Border Police of Mali. Based on the harmonized strategies, this project will contribute to the overall security in the border area by achieving the stronger bilateral coordination and information sharing mechanisms between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali, the improved performance of the Border Police officials and the active participation of local communities in the protection of security of the border area. Synergies and complementarities will be created with other IOM projects and partners’ initiatives working on the capacity building of the Gendarmerie of Mauritania and the improved management of the border between Mauritania and Senegal.

This project consists of four project components which correspond to four expected outcomes. . Component I: Establishment of the Strategic Foundation for an Effective Bilateral Cooperation between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali . Component II: Improvement of the Services Provided by the Border Police Officials at Border Posts between Mauritania and Mali . Component III: Reinforcement of the Capacity of the Mauritanian Border Police Risk Analysis Centre to, among Others, Supply Regularly Updated Information to Enable Entry Points to Conduct Evidence-based Inspection . Component IV: Engagement of the Communities in the Border Area in the Improvement of Border Security Based on Good Communication and Confidence Built among the Border Police Officials of both Mauritania and Mali and the Cross-Border Population

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1. RATIONALE

Background: The Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Mauritania) shares its land border with the Republic of Mali (Mali) 1,300 Km on the South/North side (vertical line on the map) and 850 Km on the East/West side (horizontal line on the map). On the long border line, only 15 border posts (five of which are managed by the Border Police and ten are by the Gendarmerie) on the Mauritanian side and four posts are on the Malian side (all of which are managed by the Border Police) 2.

The border area between Mauritania and Mali has been subject to the expansion of transnational criminal networks and the increased presence of terrorist organizations particularly after the outbreak of the armed conflict in Northern Mali in 2012. These groups hold strong command of irregular movement of persons and goods, such as drugs, arms and human trafficking, money laundering, armed attacks and hostage taking. These security threats destabilized the communities in the border area along with an increase in crime, for typical example - cattle thefts, by local gangs or opportunists.

The border posts between Mauritania and Mali are typically underequipped in terms of devices for document examination and for communication and information sharing with central or regional offices and other border posts. The function of the border police to capture the general migration trend and the changing trend of fake documentations, cross-border crimes and security threats, as the result of analysis of migration database and centralized information on violation and criminal cases, are still under development at central level. Nevertheless, the exchange of such very useful information for border security with the border posts or between Mauritania and Mali has not been effective yet. In addition, many of the officials stationed at border posts feel the shortage of essential competences as security officials let alone specific competences required for border management. The national Gendarmeries of Mauritania and Mali, which are in charge of patrols in the areas between border posts, are also underequipped and suffer technical difficulty, in fact even if they were well-equipped and well-staffed, to keep an eye on all the corners of the vast entire border area.

In this situation, a large number of unofficial border crossing routes, which have been used for daily movements of local cross-border population, are left open for the movements of irregular migrants, criminals and terrorists who are tend to avoid main routes with border posts and other security checks. Due to the rear passage of the travellers in such groups and abovementioned lack of border management skills, equipment and information, very few forged documentation and other criminal cases, such as drug smuggling, have been detected at border posts on either side of Mauritania or Mali.

With recent signs of improvement in the security situation in the North of Mali and overall national political stability of Mali, the two governments of Mauritania and Mali started to talk over cooperation for the improvement of security in the border area. The two governments participated

2 Most border posts are on the 850 Km East/West (horizontal) side of the borderline. Most part of the 1300 km of South/North (vertical) side of the border line in the west with Mali is in the military zone where only the military officials are patrolling. Only the south part of the South/North border line is out of the military zone and has two border posts on the Mauritanian side and one border post on the Malian side.

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in the G5 Sahel3 forum held in Nouakchott, Mauritania in May 2014 and discussed regional border management cooperation among the member states. The forum agreed to support one of the three main goals of the United Nations strategy for the Sahel region, “strengthening the capacity of national and regional security mechanisms to address cross-border threats”.

Projects implemented by IOM Mauritania over the past years have surely enhanced the border management capacity of the Mauritanian government. Firstly, several projects completed in 2010 to 2013 brought greater control capacity on the operational level, particularly on the Mauritanian side of border with Senegal (which stretches for 600 km). This has contributed to the government of Senegal’s current initiative to increase its investments on border management. Major activities in these projects include the construction or rehabilitation of border posts packaged with the installation of equipment for document examination and telecommunication and the network connection to the national border management information system (BMIS) powered by solar panels. The training component focused on basic border management skills for selected Border Police officials. Unfortunately training needs remain acute considering the standard entry level of police officials and the high turnover between different competences within the police. In addition to that, on the strategic level, IOM provided technical assistance to the finalization of the National Border Management Strategy of Mauritania (to be published in December 2014).

Under an on-going project funded by the EU4, IOM Mauritania is working on the further capacity building with more focus on the Gendarmerie. The Mauritanian Gendarmerie has been contributing to border security by filling the lack of human resources of the Border Police officials un the management of 21 relatively minor border posts in rural areas out of 47 official Mauritanian border posts, in addition to their major original task – patrol in the areas between border posts. The support for the Gendarmerie includes the reconstruction and upgrading of four border posts5, the upgrading of equipment for patrol, and the organization of capacity building training of competences in border management (utilizing the same training modules and materials for the border police officials that are under finalization by the National Police).

In addition, IOM Mauritania and IOM Mali started joint work under an on-going project funded by IOM6 for the better control over their common border. This project is financially relatively small but is going to have an important achievement for this purpose by June 2015 - the upgrading of the function of a pair of corresponding border posts, on Mauritanian side and on Malian Side, on the most popular travel route between two countries. This includes the extension of the buildings and the installation of new equipment for document examination and training on joint patrols between the police of the two countries. A training course on border management will be done by the Mauritanian officials to their Malian counterpart. Also, a radio and binocular equipment will be provided to the two sides.

3 G5 Sahel : Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Mali, Niger and Chad 4 “Renforcement de la gestion des frontières en Mauritanie – l’implication de la Gendarmerie”, January 2014 – December 2015 5 One post with Senegal (Sagne) and three posts with Mali (Hamod, Tenaha and El Melgue) managed by the Gendarmerie 6 “Enhancing joint border management between Mali and Mauritania”, January 2014 – June 2015

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Position of this project: Activities under this project are carefully selected to create synergies and complementarities with other IOM projects working for the border security through capacity building. Also, this project effectively uses the achievements, such as national training modules and materials and national border management strategy, and good examples, such as practical steps to develop such documentations, in Mauritania to raise border management of Mali on a firm and harmonized foundation that supports the continuation of bilateral cooperation.

In this line, this project contributes to overall peace though security of border areas; . By geographically targeting the border area between Mauritania and Mali, . By benefitting and working with the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali and local communities in the area . With soft components for; 1. The enhancement of coordination and information sharing mechanisms, 2. The improvement of competencies of the Border Police officials, 3. The improvement of risk analysis functions of the Border Polices, and 4. The participation of local population between Mali and Mauritania.

As a synergetic impact from all the complementary projects, the peace of the border area between Mauritania and Mali would be well stabilized by the collective capacities of the Border Polices and the Gendarmeries of Mauritania and Mali supported by the wide and interactive cooperation with local communities.

2. PROJECT ACTIVITIES

This project has four project components which correspond to four expected outcomes (qualitative results to be seen at the end of the project) by this project. The four components are divided into two groups, Strategic Level (Component I) and Operational Level (Components II, III and IV).

Under each component the following activities are planned to achieve the corresponding outcome. STRATEGIC LEVEL Component I: Establishment of the Strategic Foundation for an Effective Bilateral Cooperation between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali 1.1. Conduction of comprehensive border management assessments 1.2. Establishment of bilateral coordination mechanism between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali 1.3. Development of a national border management strategy for Mali, to increase coherence in, and inter-compatibility with the existing Mauritanian Border Management strategy 1.4. Increase in the collective preparedness at the corresponding border posts between Mauritania and Mali for the response to emergency situations, particularly significant influx of cross border movements due to conflicts or natural disasters, with the consideration of protection of travellers with specific needs 1.4.1. Development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to increase the collective preparedness at the corresponding border posts between Mauritania and Mali for

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the response to emergency situations, particularly influx of cross border movements due to conflicts or natural disasters, with the consideration of protection of travellers with specific needs 1.4.2. Conduction of a drill of the emergency preparedness plan following the SOPs (developed by Activity 1.4.1) and review for improvement 1.5. Bilateral meetings and workshops for 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.

OPERATIONAL LEVEL Component II: Improvement of the Services Provided by the Border Police Officials at Border Posts between Mauritania and Mali 2.1. Initial survey to obtain selected base-line information on the quality of the services and the capacity building needs of Border Police officials 2.2. Development of capacity building strategy and training modules and materials for the Malian Border Police based on the needs assessed by Activities 1.1 and 2.1, referring to the exercises in Mauritania 2.2.1. Development of capacity building strategy for the Border Police of Mali 2.2.2. Development of training modules and materials for the Border Police of Mali based on the needs assessed by Activities 1.1 and 2.1 2.3. Provision of training on identified specific competences for border management, including protection and human rights aspects 2.3.1. Training of Trainers (refresh training for trained trainers in Mauritania, for new trainers in Mali) 2.3.2. Provision of the training on the essential competences as police officials and the specific competences in border management, including protection and human rights aspects, to the Police officials of Mauritania and Mali 2.4. Support for the improvement of other general skills, such as literacy, secondary languages and IT skills 2.5. Final survey to evaluate the improvements in the quality of the services offered by the Border Police officials

Component III: Reinforcement of the Capacity of the Mauritanian Border Police Risk Analysis Centre to, among Others, Supply Regularly Updated Information to Enable Entry Points to Conduct Evidence-based Inspection 3.1. Development of additional functions to the existing risk analysis system (i2) to analyse the compiled migration data and specific information on violations and criminal cases and extract useful information for “evidence-based” border management 3.2. Installation of the additional functions along with technical training by the engineer(s) and a risk analysis expert at the Risk Analysis Center 3.2.1. Installation of the additional functions to the existing risk analysis system (i2) along with the technical training by the engineer(s) to the Risk Analysis Centre of the DST 3.2.2. Provision of training by an expert on risk analysis to the officials of the Risk Analysis Centre and the selected officials from the counterpart in Bamako

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Component IV: Engagement of the Communities in the Border Area in the Improvement of Border Security Based on Good Communication and Confidence Built among the Border Police Officials of both Mauritania and Mali and the Cross-Border Population 4.1. Stakeholder analysis in the target cross-border areas along with a baseline survey of awareness level, to identify the best target groups (such as elders, schools and etc.) and suitable methods to approach these groups in the awareness-raising and confidence- building activities 4.2. Development and dissemination of common public awareness-raising information materials (such as leaflets, radio spots and etc.) 4.3. Conduction of the tailored awareness-raising and confidence-building events and the start of collective interventions participated by the Border Police officials and the cross-border communities on the both sides of the border (according to the result of the analysis by Activity 4.1, such as meetings between the Border Police officials and communities and between communities from both sides of the border, development of vigilance groups by volunteers and etc.) 4.4. Quick impact survey in selected communities to measure the impact of the awareness- raising and confidence-building activities

3. EXPECTED RESULTS

These activities under each component are expected to deliver the following key outputs (direct products or deliverables by project activities) to collectively achieve the corresponding outcome. STRATEGIC LEVEL Component I: Establishment of the Strategic Foundation for an Effective Bilateral Cooperation between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali Key outputs: . Existing gaps and needs of improvement are identified by the comprehensive border management assessments in Mauritania and Mali (by Activity 1.1). . Bilateral coordination mechanism between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali is established (by Activities 1.2 and 1.5). . National border management strategy for Mali that supports bilateral cooperation with Mauritania is developed (by Activities 1.3 and 1.5). . Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are developed as clear guidelines for the Border Police officials of Mauritania and Mali to communicate and respond to criminal and emergency situations (by Activities 1.4 and 1.5).

This project first assesses the comprehensive capacity to police and manage land borders both in Mauritania and Mali to identify gaps and needs of improvement for more effective border management in cooperation for stable national and regional security (Activity 1.1). These assessments will start with a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the current legislative, administrative, regulatory and operational framework of the immigration and border management regime in place. Key recommendations based on this assessment will inform both policy and programmatic interventions aimed at reinforcing national capacity for both countries to more effectively cooperate in order to control their territory - particularly common border

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area, ensure human security, prevent and respond to various security threats as well enforce the law (profile, interview, conduct investigations etc.) with due respect to human rights.

The results of the assessments will support the development of a border management strategy in Mali (Activity 1.3). The strategy should be designed to facilitate regional cooperation particularly with Mauritania with inter-compatibility with the Mauritanian Border Management Strategy (which is to be officially published in December 2014) and in turn, further facilitate harmonized approaches in the future bilateral border management interventions.

The results of the assessments will also identify the existing gap and needs of capacity building to improve the performance of the Border Police officials. The obtained information shall be well utilized in the activities under Component II particularly in the development of capacity building strategy for Mali and the prioritization of competences to be taught in the provision of skills training.

In apparel with the start of the comprehensive border management assessments, the first step for the establishment of bilateral coordination mechanism between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali should be completed by the nomination of the persons or sections in charge of the bilateral communication (Activity 1.2). After that, through a number of correspondents and face to face discussions in meetings and workshops that are inevitable in the implementation of many activities under this project, the mechanisms should be developed and matured (Activities 1.2 and 1.5). IOM will timely facilitate their communications, particularly in the first year of this project, and organize meetings and workshops to ensure the constant development of their relationships and the mutual agreements on the rules for the continuation of coordination and information sharing and on the finalization and implementation of key documents, such as the harmonization of national strategies in border management of the two countries and the SOPs to be applied for the Border Police officials of the two countries (Activity 1.5).

At the central level, utilizing the established coordination mechanisms, a package of SOPs should be developed to provide the Border Police officials of Mauritania and Mali particularly the ones stationed at the corresponding border posts (Activity 1.4.1). The SOPs will act as the clear operational guidelines for their timely communication and effective cooperation to respond to emergency, such as a sudden influx caused by conflicts or natural disasters. This is a response to the need of improved preparedness of the border management officials in the event of a significant shift in volume and nature of crossed border movements which was highlighted when the border between Mauritania and Mali witnessed the shift in the last few years. This set of SOPs will indicate clear actions (who will do what/what to be done) to be taken on each threshold of likely possible scenarios in order to protect travellers with specific needs, such as unaccompanied or separated minors or women, as well as to ensure the minimum negative impacts, such as panic among local populations and abuse to security by opportunists, criminals or terrorists.

After the development of the SOPs, at least one practical drill should be conducted to see if the Border Police officials in the corresponding border posts on the Mauritanian and the Malian sides can actually communicate and cooperate on the SOPs (Activity 1.4.2). And, after the review of

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the drill, the SOPs may be modified to be more easy-to-understand to the officials and fit to the reality in the field.

OPERATIONAL LEVEL Component II: Improvement of the Services Provided by the Border Police Officials at Border Posts between Mauritania and Mali Key outputs: . Capacity building strategy and training modules and materials for the Malian Border Police are developed based on the result of comprehensive border management assessment and the good examples in Mauritanian (by Activity 2.2). . Training on essential competences as police officials and specific competences in border management, including protection and human rights aspects are provided to the Border Police officials (by Activities 2.3 and 2.4).  Target: - 150 Mauritanian Border Police officials - 130 Malian Border Police officials . The improvement in the quality of the services of Border Police officials of Mauritania and Mali is assessed by surveys (by Activities 2.1 and 2.5).

This component will respond to the capacity building needs in terms of the enhancement of competences of the Border Police officials through the provision of training in two modes. The first and primary mode is the support for the delivery of national training modules by the trainers of the national police (by Activity 2.3). The second and supplementary mode is the support for long-term efforts to obtain basic general skills, namely literacy of official language (Arabic), secondary language skills (French and English) and basic IT skills (by Activity 2.4).

In the first mode, this project will strengthen the national capacity building system institutionalized in the national police officials for the Border Police in both Mauritania and Mali. In Mali, this project will first support the development of the capacity building strategy for the Border Police (Activity 2.2.1). This should be followed by the identification of essential and specific competences that the Border Police officials of Mali should acquire and the development of national training modules and materials corresponding to the identified competences (Activity 2.2.2). These steps for the establishment of the foundation of the national capacity building system for the Malian Border Police shall be conducted based on the capacity building needs identified as the results of comprehensive border management assessment (under Component I) and the initial baseline survey on the quality of the services provided by the Border Police officials planned within this Component II. Importantly, good examples and experiences of Mauritania will be referred to speed up the time-consuming process and to harmonize the capacity building strategies of the two countries. This must enable the Border Police officials of the two countries to communicate and cooperate as they are trained on the similar standards.

In Mauritania, the Training Strategy of National Police of Mauritania was developed in September 2013. Currently, the development of the national capacity building system for the Border Police based on the strategy has been in its final stage following the completion of that for the Judicial

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Police7.

Under the leadership of the Training Department of the National Police the identification of competences required for the Border Police officials was completed in August 2014 after a series of workshops. As listed on the table on the page 14 of this proposal, the competences are categorized into three groups, Essential – as basic competences required for all police officials, Cross-cutting – as specific competences required for the Border Police officials but also useful for the Judicial Police officials and Specific – as competences required specifically for the Border Police officials.

As of November 2014, the mapping of training needs by the Training Department is about finalization based on the result of nationwide self-evaluation to the listed competences by all Border Police officials. This mapping data can show from individual level of weakness to the tendency of weakness of different groups of officials in terms of geographical areas, departments, years of experiences and levels. This helps the Training Department pick up detailed capacity building needs and make a plan to dispatch which trainers of the national police, who completed a same training for trainers in pedagogical skills but are specialized in different subjects, to where to train whom with which modules.

The Training Department is currently, as of November 2014, concentrating on the finalization of specific modules and materials for each of the competence-specific training. IOM is providing technical contributing to the development of national modules and materials for the specific competences in border management8.

In this process, IOM will make it sure that the modules and materials for relevant competences include the sections to increase the sense of protection in border management. This is to enhance ability of Border Police officials to screen and identify certain groups of travellers with specific protection needs, including victims of human trafficking (VoTs), unaccompanied or separated women and minors, refugees and asylum seekers, at entry points in addition to the ability to detect forged documents and criminals. The officials can then refer these individuals to the relevant providers of specific services, respecting individual specific needs and best interests, such as legal protection, temporary accommodation and family tracing for reunification.

Protection considerations will be included in the training modules and materials to ensure coherence and consistency with the SOPs to be developed under Component I. Also, this consideration on protection sensitive border management should be also inherited in the development of the training strategy, modules and materials in Mali (Activity 2.2).

As the central activity under this Component II, IOM will start to support the delivery of the national training modules to the Border Police officials as soon as the national capacity building system, consisting of a strategy, training modules and materials, mapping of needs and trained

7 GIZ has been providing technical assistance to facilitate the development of the strategy and the establishment of national capacity building system of the Mauritanian National Police under a project for the reinforcement of the capacity of the National Police (Projet Renforcement des Capacités de la Police Nationale - RCPN) . 8 This contribution is being conducted as an activity under the project mentioned by the footnote #4.

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national trainers, is ready (Activity 2.3). The timing would be in the second half of 2015 in Mauritania and early 2016 in Mali. This support means the coverage of the shortage of financial capacity of the National Police in terms of the costs for printing of training materials, refresh training for trainers, transportation and accommodation for training out of Nouakchott or Bamako of trainers and a part of trainees who should travel to training venue from their duty stations, and other administrative costs to conduct training.

Under this project, IOM is planning to cover the delivery of the national training modules to 150 Mauritanian Border Police officials and 130 Malian Border Police officials. This will have a great synergy along with the support for the delivery of the same training modules to the Mauritanian Gendarmes in charge of border management, including the ones stationed at the border posts with Mali, under other IOM project funded by the EU9.

According to the geographical target of this project, the primary target trainees are the Border Police officials stationed at the nine border posts, five in Mauritania and four in Mali, between Mauritania and Mali. Secondly, the Mauritanian Border Police officials working at the two Regional Border Police Offices in Mauritania close to the border area with Mali are targeted. Thirdly, considering the importance of their roles for the improvement of the border management at the border, the Border Police officials at central offices currently working for the data and risk analysis in Nouakchott and Bamako will be targeted. And lastly, considering the possible future placement at the border posts in the border area with Mali due to the regular rotation and also the support for the standardization of border management procedures, about 82 Mauritanian Border Police officials stationed at other key international entry points, such as Nouakchott International Airport or other border posts with Senegal, are counted as beneficiaries.

The training package of modules to be taught as a training course (for one or two weeks) will be selected with the Training Department based on the availability of the suitable trainers and the map of capacity training needs. The targeted beneficiaries will have opportunities to receive a few different training courses during the project period. This enables each beneficiary Border Police official to have a feeling of receiving semi-tailored training reflecting his personal weakness and different competences required for his specific responsibilities.

Please see the following table to see the summary of information on target beneficiaries as trainees of the national training modules.

9 This is a planned activity under the project mentioned by the footnote #4.

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Primary: Border Police Officials Stationed at the Border Posts between Mauritania and Mali Mauritania Mali Total Name of Post10 No. of stationed officials Name of Post No. of stationed officials Ghabou Debarcadere 3 Aourou 30 Gogui Zemmal11 3 Gogui11 30 Adel Bagrou 3 Nara 30 144 Bassiknou12 12 No corresponding border post on Mali Fassala Néré 3 Léré 30 Total 24 Total 120 Secondary 1: Mauritanian Border Police Officials Stationed at the Regional Offices close to the border with Mali Mauritania – Name of the Office, Region13 No. of stationed officials Total Nema, Hodh Ech Chargui Region 20 Ayoun, Hodh El Gharbi Region 40 20 Secondary 2: Mauritanian and Malian Border Police Officials in Charge of Data/Risk Analysis Total Mauritania - Nouakchott 4 Mali - Bamako 10 14 Secondary 3: Mauritanian Border Police Officials stationed at other major entry points Total Mauritania 82 Total: Mauritania 150 + Mali 130 = 280

This project then proposes the second mode of the provision of training to reinforce some essential competences that cannot be improved through the provision of short intensive training courses by the national trainers of the police (Activity 2.4). They are typically literacy of official language (Arabic), basic secondary language skills (French and English) and basic IT skills. Considering the fact that there are many Border Police officials who lack these essential basic skills and have difficulty to perform daily border management tasks (checking travel documents, data recoding/inputs, and exchanging words for profiling), this project will offer support as educational grants to those officials who would like to make efforts to improve any of these skills out of their working hours.

The learning method may be independent attendance to local evening courses, participation in evening learning group lessons coordinated with other colleagues at working place or other alternative means according to available means in each location of border post or office. To ensure that the educational investment contributes to the capacity building of the Border Police, some retention measures, such as return of grants when the beneficiary leaves the Police within

10 Ghabou Debarcadere, Gogui Zemmal, Adel Bagrou and Bassiknou posts in Mauritania were constructed, equipped and powered with electricity under the projects implemented by IOM in 2010-11. Fassala Néré border post in Mauritania was furnished and equipped under the project implemented by IOM in 2011 after the construction by the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization of Mauritania. 11 The upgrading of the border posts of Gogui in Mali and Gogui Zemmal in Mauritania are in progress under a project implemented and funded by IOM and to be completed by June 2015. 12 Bassiknou Post is officially categorized as a border post. However, as it is located in the capital of Bassiknou Department of Hodh Ech Chargui Region, which is the department hosting most of the Malian refugees, this is also used as the Office of Border Police in addition to its original function for the investigation of travellers. 13 The two offices were also equipped under the projects implemented by IOM in 2010.

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certain period, should be decided with the Training Department or other relevant department of the Police.

The impact of these modes of training will be assessed by the comparison of the results of the baseline survey (Activity 2.1) and the final survey (Activity 2.5) on the perception by the travellers and local population about the quality of services and professionalism of the Border Police officials.

Component III: Reinforcement of the Capacity of the Mauritanian Border Police Risk Analysis Centre to, among Others, Supply Regularly Updated Information to Enable Entry Points to Conduct Evidence-based Inspection Key outputs: . Upgrade of the existing risk analysis system (i2) of the Risk Analysis Centre of Mauritania (by Activity 3.1). . Updated report on migration trend and security risk is regularly shared with the entry points in Mauritania (by Activities 3.1 and 3.2). This report would be shared with the Malian Border Police in the framework of the central information sharing mechanism. . Training on risk analysis by an international expert at the Risk Analysis Centre, Nouakchott (by Activity 3.2).  Target: - Four officials of the Risk Analysis Centre of the Mauritanian Border Police in Nouakchott - Two relevant officials invited from Malian Border Police in Bamako

The capacity building in data and risk analysis is increasingly important for the Border Polices while aiming at fighting against criminal groups and terrorist entities. These groups have in the recent years broadened their areas of action along the border between Mauritania and Mali as well as throughout the Sahel region.

In Mauritania, IOM supported the introduction of a border management information system (BMIS) called MIDAS14, which is developed by IOM and introduced to several African countries among more than 20 countries in the world, for the registration of travellers’ data. This was followed by the establishment of a Risk Analysis Centre in 2013 under the Directorate of Territorial Surveillance (la Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire: DST), the head office of the Border Police in Nouakchott within the Ministry of Interior and Decentralization. The centre is tasked to store and analyse information collected from all entry and departure points as a means to more effectively monitor, assess and respond to cross border threats.

However, in 2014, the Government of Mauritania introduced a new BMIS to five selected border posts. This has created the parallel existence of two BMIS and complicated and slowed down the data analysis by the Risk Analysis Centre.

14 MIDAS stands for “Migration Information Data Analysis System”.

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This project will respond to the urgent needs of the Risk Analysis Centre to strengthen its core function through the development of additional functions to the current risk analysis system called “i2” (Activity 3.1). Thanks to the new functions the analysis of compiled data will be enhanced along with the extraction of statistical information. The reports that will be issued will support “evidence-based” inspections by the Border Police officials at the border posts. The new functions will be installed in the servers and computers already placed in the centre. For this purpose, no additional IT equipment is required.

The four officials who are currently assigned to the Risk Analysis Centre will receive a technical training by the engineer who develops the new functions (Activity 3.2.1). In addition to that a risk analysis skills training will be provided at the Risk Analysis Centre by an international expert in the area (Activity 3.2.2). Two Malian Border Police officials selected from 10 officials in charge of data analysis in Bamako will be invited to participate in the risk analysis skills training. This will also contribute to the reinforcement of bilateral communication for effective information sharing and collaboration between the two countries.

Please refer to the table on the following page as the summary of information on target beneficiaries and expected competences to be taught, depending on the different responsibility of the Border Police officials in different placements, under the training activities under Component II and Component III.

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F FUL – fully targeted PAR - Partially targeted (No.) n/a - Not targeted Border Posts or Airports Offices near the Central Office in * Final selection of competences to train will be done based on the assessed needs. Between Mauritania Others Border Between Charge of Total ** This competence may be omitted in Mauritania when France and/or Spain cover it. and Mali Mauritania and Mali Data/Risk Analysis Number of Mauritanian Border Police Officials as Trainees 24 82 40 4 150 Number of Malian Border Police Officials as Trainees 120 0 0 10 130 Total 144 82 40 14 280 Essential Competences for all Police Officials to be Trained by National Trainers from the Police and National Police’s Modules* (by Activity 2.3) 1 Criminal laws, human rights, cooperation with other agencies FUL FUL FUL n/a 2 Use of IT, communication, GPS, maps, recoding and analysis of investigation FUL FUL FUL n/a 3 Inter-personal communication FUL FUL FUL n/a 4 General subjects - geography, introduction to psychology and criminology FUL FUL FUL n/a Cross-cutting Competences to be Trained by National Trainers from the Police and National Police’s Modules* (by Activity 2.3) 1 Profession and structure of the Border Police FUL FUL FUL n/a 2 Laws and regulations in border management FUL FUL FUL n/a 3 Understanding on migration FUL FUL FUL n/a 4 Surveillance techniques FUL FUL FUL n/a 5 Understanding on human trafficking FUL FUL FUL FUL 6 Knowledge on travel documents and visas FUL FUL FUL FUL 7 Roles and responsibilities of police officials for the prevention of smuggling FUL FUL FUL FUL 8 Communication skills with persons with different cultural backgrounds FUL FUL FUL n/a 9 Tracing of criminals, procedure of confiscation, custody, search FUL FUL FUL n/a 10 Roles and responsibilities of police officials in the fight against terrorists FUL FUL FUL FUL 11 Emergency medical techniques - First aid and resuscitation FUL FUL FUL n/a 12 Police-specific communication techniques FUL FUL FUL n/a 13 System for the tasks of the Border Police FUL FUL FUL FUL 14 Emergency response FUL FUL FUL FUL Specific Competences in Border Management to be Trained by National Trainers from the Police and National Police’s Modules* (by Activity 2.3) 1 Document examination (detection of forged documents)** FUL FUL FUL FUL 2 Control of the movement of persons, items and means of transportation at border FUL FUL FUL n/a 3 Security risks and countermeasures at border posts and airports FUL FUL FUL FUL 4 Immigration control procedure FUL FUL FUL FUL 5 Border patrol on foot or by vehicle FUL FUL FUL n/a 6 Participation in the fight against human traffickers FUL FUL FUL FUL Training out of National Police’s Modules through other arrangements under this project (by Activities 2.4 and 3.2) 1 Support for long-term learning - literacy, language and IT (2.4) PAR (180) Posts between Mauritania and Mali are prioritised n/a 180 2 New function for data/risk analysis for the Risk Analysis Centre of Mauritania (3.2.1) n/a n/a n/a FUL – Mauritania 4 3 Risk analysis skills training by an international expert (3.2.2) FUL – Mauritania n/a n/a n/a 6 PAR – Mali (2) Page 15 of 36

Component IV: Engagement of the Communities in the Border Area in the Improvement of Border Security Based on Good Communication and Confidence Built among the Border Police Officials of both Mauritania and Mali and the Cross-Border Population Key outputs: . Public awareness is raised on cross-border issues and how one person can contribute to improvement of border security through the dissemination of information (by posters, leaflets, radio spots and etc., by Activity 4.2) . Cross-border communities on both sides of the border are actively involved in the improvement on border security (though, for example, regular meetings with the Border Police, existence of active vigilance groups by volunteers and etc., by Activities 4.1 and 4.3)  Target: - Eight communities: two (one on Mauritanian side and the other on Malian side) in each of four areas with corresponding border posts on both sides of the border15

Four Areas Corresponding Border Posts in Each Area from West to East In Mauritania In Mari Area 1 Ghabou Aourou Area 2 Gogui Zemmal Gogui Area 3 Adel Bagrou Nara Area 4 Fassala Néré Lere . The improvement in the awareness of the border security issue and the way to contribute to the improvement of the security among the population in the cross-border communities is assessed (by Activities 4.1 and 4.4).

Studies on best practices around the world have demonstrated strong value in promoting “the engagement of local communities in improving the security of the local area”, which is called “community policing”. This project proposes the introduction of community policing to the cross- border communities on both sides for the security of the border area through awareness-raising activities and communication and confidence-building between the local population and the police officials. This is based on the clear assumption that the use of local presence and knowledge should very effectively work and fill in the gap of the authorities that are facing the great challenges of having to monitor enormous borders that are easily crossed without passing through official border posts. Communities residing along the border are in a unique position to identify illegal crossings and share relevant information with the authorities.

This component will start with the development and dissemination of public information to raise the awareness of the local population in the border area and the frequent travellers through the border posts between two countries (Activity 4.2). This would be in the shape of a series of

15 After the selection of the target communities, the number of target population can be fixed. Through all activities under the Outcome 4 “Engagement of the communities in the border area contributes to the improvement of border security”, this project tries to outreach as many people as possible in the four cross- border areas (and travellers through the border posts). For information, the four cross-border areas are populated about 255,000 in total according to the population census: In Mauritania - 160,000 (Ghabou 34,924, Gogui Zemmal 13,125, Adel Bagrou 47,829, Fassala Néré 65,927) In Mali - 95,000 (Aourou 25,670, Gogui 14,973, Nara 34,245, Lere 20,176)

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posters, leaflets and radio spots that clearly explain the cross-border security issues in the area and how they can contribute to the detection and prevention of security incidents or crimes with contact information to the relevant section of the Border Police. The printed materials will be posted and disseminated at nine border posts managed by the Border Police between the two countries (five in Mauritania and four in Mali)16 and other relevant public places, such as Nema and Ayoun Border Police Offices, Nema Airport and IOM Bassiknou Satellite-office and IOM Timbuktu Sub-office. Also, these materials are actively utilized during the communication- building meetings among the Border Police officials and local communities particularly when they are taking place at local schools.

The second main part of this component is the series of efforts to realize the active engagement of local population of the cross-border communities between Mauritania and Mali to the improvement of border security. As a start, a stakeholder analysis (Activity 4.1) will be conducted to select target communities, at least eight communities selecting at least two (one on Mauritanian side and one on Malian side) in each of four cross-border areas (see the table above). This is also to identify the best target groups and approaches in order to raise awareness of the security issue as their own problems, to establish mutual confidence with the Border Police and to build a system in each community to detect and react to security threats and criminal cases.

Based on the results of the assessment and the good practices in neighbouring countries17, a tailored plan for the goal is made for each community (Activity 4.3). The expected efforts and events that would be involved in the plan are;

. Visits of the Border Police officials to the target communities close to their post for awareness-raising and communication-building, . The establishment of vigilance groups by volunteers, . Visits of the community leaders and the members of vigilance group from Mauritanian side to the corresponding community on the Malian side and vice versa, and . Regular communications/meetings between leaders and vigilances of corresponding communities, Border police officials of corresponding border posts, communities and the Border Police officials.

The impact of these activates will be assessed by the results of an impact survey on the change of awareness of the security issues and how and where to contact when they would like to consult or inform about the security and crimes (Activity 4.5 in comparison with the result of Activity 4.1).

4. PARTNERSHIPS AND COORDINATION

The IOM Mission in Mauritania (IOM Nouakchott), with its more advanced experiences and achievements in the border management projects will lead the project implementation as the

16 Through these posts, about 87,000 persons are traveling per year. About half of them, 40,000 persons per year, are through the route with Gogui Zemmal (Mauritania) – Gogui (Mali) border posts. 17 Some attempts of community policing are just started by Danish Demining Group (DDG) of the Danish Refugee Council (DRC) in the border area of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso.

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management mission in the close cooperation with the IOM Mission in Mali (IOM Bamako). IOM Bamako will be in charge of overall coordination and operation on the Malian side under the supervision from IOM Nouakchott. IOM Bassiknou Satellite-office of IOM Nouakchott and IOM Timbuktu Sub-office of IOM Bamako will provide their respective main offices with necessary support in coordination with local authorities and other stake holders. Please refer to the following chart to see the structure.

Project Organization Structure of IOM

IOM Regional Office for West and Central Africa based in Dakar, Senegal, will provide continuous technical assistance and supervision. The project team can also receive a variety of technical expertise in Border Management from the African Capacity Building Centre (ACBC) of IOM in Tanzania, considering the specific context of the target area and referring good practices in the other countries. In addition, IOM Tokyo Office provides liaison support with the Government of Japan while a Japanese project officer in IOM Nouakchott will ensure a good communication with the Embassy of Japan to Nouakchott and the visibility of the support “from the people of Japan”.

The implementation of all the activities under this project will be carried out in close coordination with the respective governmental agencies responsible for the border management, namely the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali. IOM Nouakchott and IOM Bamako, through its technical assistance projects, have established excellent relations and constructive cooperation with the respective Border Police. Through these established relations, IOM Nouakchott and IOM Bamako will work together to facilitate the establishment of a strong and active bilateral coordination and information sharing mechanism between the Border Polices. Additionally, in each country, IOM must coordinate well with the relevant department of the respective National Police in charge of the training of the Border Police officials in the planning and implementation of the activities under Component II and Component III.

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IOM will also coordinate with other international actors to harmonize their efforts in the same area for optimal collective impact. This will be done through existing coordination mechanisms, such as the UN country team meetings, clusters and other small thematic working groups. The selection and implementation of the project activities are compatible with the framework of the UN regional strategies and priorities in Sahel and the priorities identified by the recently created G5 Sahel group.

In addition, IOM and UNODC are currently seeking collaboration utilizing IOM’s country offices particularly for the capacity building of Border Police officials in the detection of victims and criminals of human trafficking and cases of smuggling and terrorism. UNODC has various regional projects regarding the development of policies and training materials in countering human trafficking, smuggling and terrorism. However, UNODC has been managing these projects from its regional office in Dakar without country offices and needs partners at country and operational levels.

5. EVALUATION

To support the evaluation to the project at the output, outcome and objective levels, targets and indicators are set in the following Result Matrix section. To evaluate the overall impact of the project objective (long-term contribution by the project) and obtain guiding principles and evaluation baselines for Outcome 1 by the activities at the strategic level, comprehensive border management assessments will be conducted first in this project (Activity 1.1). In addition, to support the evaluation to the overall achievement of Outcomes 2 and 4 (impact after the implementation of activities) by the activities at the operational level, two sets of baseline and final assessments will be conducted (Activities 2.1 and 2.5 and Activities 4.1 and 4.4).

The progress to the targets based on the indicators will be updated through regular direct monitoring missions by IOM staff and information sharing meetings and workshops with governmental partners, the Border Polices, and periodical reporting from consultants and implementing partners, such as research companies responsible for assessments.

The direct monitoring on the progress and quality of the implementation of the project activities are conducted by IOM Nouakchott, IOM Bamako, as well as by their satellite-office and sub-office with better access to certain project sites, in coordination and cooperation with the governmental partner agencies, the Border Polices. Specifically, in Mauritania, the monitoring on those activities related to Fassala Néré, Bassiknou and Adel Bagrou border posts and Nema and Ayoun Border Police Offices can be supported by IOM Bassiknou Satellite-office while the monitoring on those activities related to Gogui Zemmal and Ghabou Debarcadere border posts and their vicinities and the activities in Nouakchott are under the responsibility of IOM Nouakchott. In Mali, the activities related to the police officials in Léré border post situated in Timbuktu Region, such as the provision of training (Activities 2.3 and 2.4) and the surveys on their services (Activities 2.1 and 2.5), and activities including the nearby cross-border communities there, such assessments and events for awareness- raising and confidence-building (Activity 4.3), shall be mainly monitored by IOM Timbuktu Sub-office while those activities related to Nara and Gogui border posts and their vicinities and the activities in Bamako are monitored by IOM Bamako.

Please refer to the map at the end of this section to see the locations of the concerned border posts and offices of IOM.

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A final evaluation of the effectiveness, efficiency and impact of the activities will be carried out by an external consultant. The results of the final survey on the improvements in the quality of the services offered by the Border Police officials (Activity 2.5) and the assessment of the impact of the awareness-raising and cooperation-building activities (Activity 4.4) shall provide some of the success indicators for the final evaluation. The external evaluation report of the project will be submitted along with the final financial and narrative reports of the project.

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MAP of the Concerned Border Posts (Managed by Border Police) between Mauritania and Mali, Border Police Offices and IOM Offices

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6. RESULTS MATRIX

Indicators Baseline Target Assumptions

Objective: The preservation of the The two governments The both governments The project is to enhanced coordination agreed to the importance recognize the increased contribute to enhance the mechanism and collective of the coordinated joint capacity and the benefits capacity in border collective capacity of efforts in the border through the project and management in the border management and Border Polices of management. make efforts to secure protection of border Mauritania and Mali. necessary financial and communities between • Continuous existence administrative resources Mauritania and Mali by of the active to maintain and reinforce the established bilateral mechanism for the established cooperation, the coordination mechanisms, documents information exchange improved capacity of and capacity. Border Police officials and • Implementation and periodical bilateral the involvement of cross- review of the border local communities. developed Strategy and SOPs • (Mauritania) Continuation of evidence-based border management at entry points supported by the effective information sharing by the Risk Analysis Centre • Independent provision of training using the developed strategy and materials and trained trainers by the Border Polices

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themselves • Maintenance of the engagement of border-zone communities in the border-zone security

Outcome 1: • Regular reference to • n/a • It is regularly referred. • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices The strategic foundation the results of the of Mauritania and Mali to achieve harmonized and for the effective bilateral Comprehensive effective border management through coordination cooperation between the Border Management and operational cooperation Border Polices of Assessments in the • Understanding of the project by the relevant high- Mauritania and Mali is development of level governmental authorities (particularly in the established and utilized strategy, plans and Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the both countries in for the following activities proposals by the both order to ensure the obtainment of necessary Border Polices approvals to the matters (documents or processes) • Regular use of the • It is regularly used. for the realization of joint bilateral activities border management strategy as the base of planning of activities by the both Border Polices • Existence of regular • It is actively used and irregular active during the project bilateral period and we communications observe the use for through the the 2 months after the coordinated project (to include in mechanism the IOM’s final • Existence of regular report). monitoring of trend of • The Border Police flow and the officials at the border awareness of the posts monitor the emergency response daily flow and know plan by the officials at the emergency

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the border posts reaction plan.

Output 1.1: • Publication of the final • n/a • It is published with all • Support from the both Border Polices of Mauritania The results of the country report of Mali required contents. and Mali for the conduction of the analysis Comprehensive Border with comprehensive • Maintained socio-political stability in the border Management analysis and zone, particularly the selected location for the Assessments are recommendations. assessments and the routes to there during the published and available. • Publication of the • It is published with all field works for the assessment country report on required contents. Mauritania with comprehensive analysis and recommendations. Output 1.2: • The establishment of • n/a • It is established in • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices In Mauritania and Mali the department (or both Mauritania and of Mauritania and Mali to achieve harmonized and Border Police authorities other institutional Mali. effective border management through coordination have a functional structure and operational cooperation department (or other • Existence of • It is established and institutional structure) for communication (such used. international cooperation as conference call, reports and faxes) between the two Border Polices • At least 4 times per • Number of regular and month after as needed based establishment. correspondents • Bilateral coordination • Development and and information implementation of the sharing between the SOPs about the Border Polices of procedures and roles Mauritania and Mali of the bilateral are conducted based coordination on the developed mechanism SOPs.

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Output 1.3: • Publication of the • The Border Police of • Published • Understanding of the Border Polices of Mali of the A national border national border Mali does not have importance of the development of its border management strategy of management strategy the strategy while the management strategy the Border Police for Mali of Mali Mauritanian • Maintained socio-political stability in the selected is developed and is • The coherency with counterpart • The coherency is location for the site visits and the routes to there. coherent the one of the one of developed one confirmed through the Mauritania. Mauritanian coordination mechanism. Output 1.4: • Development of the • n/a • The plan and SOPs are • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices The Border Police officials bilateral preparedness developed and of Mauritania and Mali to achieve harmonized and at corresponding border plan with the SOPs approved by the effective border management through coordination posts between Mauritania with the consideration Border Polices of the and operational cooperation and Mali are ready to of protection of two countries. • Understanding of the project by the relevant high- respond to emergency travellers with specific level governmental authorities (particularly in the situations, particularly in needs • They are well Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the both countries in case of significant influx • Practical instructions instructed. order to ensure the obtainment of necessary of cross border movement for the Border Police approvals to the matters (documents or processes) due to conflicts or natural officials at the border for the realization of joint bilateral activities disasters, with the posts bases on the • Functional bilateral coordination mechanism consideration of plan and the SOPs • At least one joint protection of travellers • Existence of official formalities to approve bilateral • Conduction of drills on bilateral drill on the with specific needs SOPs at this level in both Mauritania and Mali the SOPs. SOPs is conducted followed by a review workshop/training Activity 1.1: • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices Conduction of comprehensive border management assessments of Mauritania and Mali to achieve harmonized and Activity 1.2: effective border management through coordination Establishment of bilateral coordination mechanism between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali and operational cooperation Activity 1.3: • Understanding of the project by the relevant high- Development of a national border management strategy of the Border Police of Mali (to increase coherence in, level governmental authorities (particularly in the and inter-compatibility with the existing Mauritanian Border Management Strategy) Ministry of Foreign Affairs) of the both countries in order to ensure the obtainment of necessary Activity 1.4.1: approvals to the matters (documents or processes) Development of SOPs to increase the collective preparedness at the corresponding border posts between for the realization of joint bilateral activities Mauritania and Mali for the response to emergency situations, particularly influx of cross border movements due • Existence of the stable focal point in each Border

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to conflicts or natural disasters, with the consideration of protection of travellers with specific needs Polices Activity 1.4.2: • Maintained socio-political stability in the selected Conduction of a drill of the emergency preparedness plan following the SOPs (developed by Activity 1.4.1) and locations for site visits for the assessment and the review for improvement development of strategy Activity 1.5: • Availability of qualified experts for the assessments Bilateral meetings and workshops between the Border Polices of Mauritania and Mali for 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4. and the development of the strategy Outcome 2: The border control • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices Utilizing improved between Mauritania and of Mauritania and Mali to improve quality of the knowledge, competences Mali achieve the increase services they provide at the border posts and data analysis and of • Maintained socio-political stability in the border • Increase of 30 information sharing • Percentage of • Baseline figures by the area system, Border Police respondents to an existing posts are to percentage-points • No significant change of the migration trend officials: opinion survey who be determined. between Mauritania and Mali • can provide favourably evaluate professional and well- the work and informed services to behaviour of border regular cross-border management officials. travellers at the • Number of refused • 30 percentage-point border posts; entries at the border increase • can effectively detect points violation of • Number of confiscated • 20 percentage-point immigration rules, forged passports at increase criminal cases and the border posts terrorist acts; • Number of referrals of • 30 percentage-point • can take appropriate vulnerable migrants to increase reactions to the relevant service vulnerable travellers providers with specific needs; • can effectively collaborate with other border posts and offices domestically and internationally.

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Output 2.1: • Conduction of a base- • n/a • The baseline survey is • Maintained socio-political stability around the A quality base-line and line survey conducted at the border posts for the survey training needs assessment existing border points programme on the Border on both Malian and Police officials has been Mauritanian sides developed and • The availability of the • The baseline figures implemented. percentage of are obtained. respondents (travellers) who favourably evaluate the work and behaviour of border management officials • The identification of • The needs are the needs for the identified and utilised capacity building for the planning of the assessed other activities in this project. Output 2.2: • Availability of the • None • It is done and • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices Capacity building strategy developed capacity available. of Mauritania and Mali to improve quality of the and training modules and building strategy services they provide at the border posts materials are developed • Finalized modules and • They are finalized. • Availability of a qualified consultant stationed in for the Border Police of materials based on the Mali

Mali, based on the needs needs assessed by 1.1. assessed by 1.1. and 2.1. and 2.1. (referring to the excises in Mauritania) Output 2.3: • No of trainers trained • Four in Mauritania in • Four in Mauritania as • Finalization of the training modules institutionalized The identified training 2012 by IOM refresh by the government in Mauritania needs of essential Five in Mali • Availability of the trainers in the government of competences as police • A total number of the • In Mauritania, 280 • 150 in Mauritania Mauritania officials and specific Border Police officials officials were trained 24 in 5 border posts • Preparation of the training modules in Mal (Output competences in border trained in 2013 by IOM 40 in 2 offices 2.2.) management, including 4 in Risk Analysis protection and human Centre

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rights aspects, are fulfilled 10 in NKC AP by the provision of 72 in other posts training to the Border and offices Police officials of 130 in Mali Mauritania and Mali. 120 in 4 border

posts 10 in Bamako • Coverage of the • n/a • 100% identified training needs * One official can take several training courses according to his weak points and scope of responsibilities. • n/a • 75% of trainees – have • Results of the entry improved scores and and exit evaluations feeling of satisfaction Output 2.4: • A total number of the • n/a • 55 in Mauritania • Availability of means (local vocational/language The identified training Border Police officials 100 in Mali schools or teachers for group lessons in the office needs of general skills are trained or private lessons before or after working hours or selectively supported in • Results of the entry • n/a • 75% of trainees – have week-ends) to meet the identified training needs in the order of priority based and exit evaluations improved scores and the vicinity of the Border Police officials’ work on the needs of the skills feeling of satisfaction places. in the official’s position. Output 2.5: • Conduction of a final • n/a • The final survey is • Maintained socio-political stability around the An improvement in the survey conducted at the border posts for the survey quality of the services existing border points provided by the Border between Mauritania Police officials has been and Mali. assessed. • Availability of the • Comparative study is result of the done (For the first comparative analysis target of Outcome 2 - based on the result of increase of 30 the baseline and the percentage points for

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final surveys the positive change is expected.) Activity 2.1: • Continued engagement of the both Border Polices Initial survey to obtain the base-line information on the quality of the services and the capacity building needs of of Mauritania and Mali to improve the quality of Border Police officials working at the border posts between Mauritania and Mali services provided by them Activity 2.2.1: • Maintained socio-political stability in the border Development of capacity building strategy for the Border Police of Mali zone Activity 2.2.2: • Existence of capable and well-qualified research Development of training modules and materials for the Border Police of Mali based on the needs assessed by 1.1 companies to conduct surveys in the border posts and 2.1 between Mauritanian and Mali Activity 2.3.1: • Finalization of the training modules institutionalized Training of Trainers (refresh training for trained trainers in Mauritania, for new trainers in Mali) by the government in Mauritania Activity 2.3.2: • Availability of the trainers in the government of Provision of the training on the essential competences as police officials and the specific competences in border Mauritania management, including protection and human rights aspects, to the Police officials of Mauritania and Mali • Preparation of the training modules in Mal (Output Activity 2.4: 2.2.) Support for the improvement of other general skills, such as including literacy, foreign languages and IT literacy • Availability of means (local vocational/language by providing small grants schools or teachers for group lessons in the office Activity 2.5: or private lessons before or after working hours or Final survey to evaluate the improvements in the quality of the services offered by the Border Police officials at week-ends) to meet the identified training needs in the border posts between Mauritania and Mali the vicinity of the Border Police officials’ work places Outcome 3: • The daily utilization of • The Risk Analysis • The compiled data are • Continued engagement of the Border Police of The capacity of the the data analysis Centre was daily utilized for Mauritania to improve the quality of services Mauritanian Border Police functions by the Risk established and analysis by the Risk provided by them Risk Analysis Centre is Analysis Centre equipped. But the Unit Analysis Centre. • Continuous use of the new governmental BMIS reinforced to, among • Frequency of the is not able to fulfil its • Monthly analytical and/or MIDAS by the Government of Mauritania others, supply regularly share of the updated given tasks due to the update is issued and • Continuous good cooperation among the engineers updated information to analytical information problem in the shared with all the of the Government of Mauritania for the new enable entry points to with the Border Police existing risk analysis Border Police offices governmental BMIS, the engineer from IOM for conduct evidence-based offices and all the system (i2) to cope and entry points MIDAS and the Risk Analysis Centre of the DST of inspection. entry points. with the parallel (airports, see ports the Border Police of Mauritania existence of two BMIS. and border posts) • Utilization of the • Border Police officials

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information by the check the shared Border Police for the information and utilize evidence based border in their inspection of management travellers. Output 3.1: • Identification of needs • The parallel existence • Completed • Availability and good collaboration among the Additional functions to of additional functions of two BMIS engineers of the Government of Mauritania for the the existing risk analysis complicates the new governmental BMIS, the engineer from IOM • Completion of the • Completed system (i2) will support development of the analysis of available for MIDAS and the Risk Analysis Centre for the the Risk Analysis Centre to additional functions to data by the existing development of the additional functions analyse the compiled the existing risk risk analysis system customized for the needs of the Risk Analysis migration data and analysis system (i2) (i2). Centre specific information on • Availability of an engineer(s) to develop the violations and criminal additional functions for i2 customized for the needs cases and extract useful of the Risk Analysis Centre. information for “evidence- based” border management.

Output 3.2: • Completion of the • None • Completed to the • Continued engagement of the Border Police of The Risk Analysis Centre installation of the existing system (i2) in Mauritania to improve the quality of services will be able to utilize all additional functions to the Risk Analysis provided by them the functions of the risk i2 in the Risk Analysis Centre. • Availability of the engineer(s) of the functions to analysis system (i2) and Centre directly install the functions to the system (i2) and extract useful information • Conduction of • Completed - All the 4 train the Data Analysis Unit for “evidence-based” technical training on officials of the Risk • Availability of a risk analysis expert for the training border management. the functions of i2 to Analysis Centre will be • Availability of the relevant Border Police officials of the officials in the Risk familiar with all the Mali in charge of data analysis in Bamako for Analysis Centre by the functions of i2 for participating the training engineer(s) their needs. • Provision of training • Completed by a risk analysis o Improved confidence expert to the officials in their risk analysis in the Risk Analysis among the Centre inviting participants (4 from selected officials from Mauritania and 2 the counterpart in from Mali)

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Bamako o Communication is built between the Risk Analysis Centre

and its counterpart in Bamako for cooperation and information sharing in the future.

• It is regularly done. • Regular share of the o And it would be updated report on shared with the migration trend and Malian Border Police security risk with entry in the framework of points in Mauritania the central information sharing mechanism Activity 3.1: • Continued engagement of the Border Police of Development of additional functions to the existing risk analysis system (i2) to analyse the compiled migration Mauritania to improve the quality of services data and specific information on violations and criminal cases and extract useful information for “evidence- provided by them based” border management • Availability and good collaboration among the Activity 3.2.1: engineers of the Government of Mauritania for the Installation of the additional functions to the existing risk analysis system (i2) along with the technical training by new governmental BMIS, the engineer from IOM the engineer(s) to the Risk Analysis Centre of the DST for MIDAS and the Risk Analysis Centre for the Activity 3.2.2: development of the additional functions Provision of training by an expert on risk analysis to the officials of the Risk Analysis Centre and the selected customized for the needs of the Risk Analysis officials from the counterpart in Bamako Centre • Availability of the engineer(s) to develop, install and train the functions for the Risk Analysis Centre. • The availability of a qualified risk analysis expert for the training • Availability of the relevant Border Police officials of Mali in charge of data analysis in Bamako for participating the training Outcome 4: • Stability of the • In Mali, several • Stabilised after • No significant change in the size or nature of the Engagement of the number of community-policing

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communities in the border notifications to the activities in increase. cross border flow of persons or goods area contributes to the Border Police communities in the • Continued understanding and engagement of the improvement of border border area are on- Border Police officials in the involvement of border- security based on good going by DDG which zone communities in border security communication and started to establish • Continuous interest in the border security of the confidence built among confidence and co- leaders and people in the concerned communities the Border Police officials reliance between the of both Mauritania and Police and the local Mali and the cross-border population over population. security. • Number of target • n/a. • At least 8 areas and communities in 4 communities target areas (see outreached Output 4.3) • Improvement • n/a. • At least 30% in measured by 4.4. o The awareness of the Impact Survey cross-border issues (crimes and terrorism) o The confidence in the Border Police o The awareness of the way how to contribute to the improvement of border security – how to reach the Border Police in case to notify security information Output 4.1.1: • Availability of the • n/a. • Available • Maintained socio-political stability around the area Baseline becomes results of the of the target communities for the analysis, activities available to measure the stakeholder analysis and survey improvement of • Availability of the • Available • Understanding and engagement of the Border awareness of cross-border results of baseline Police officials in the involvement of border-zone

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issues and confidence in survey in (to compare communities in border security the Border Police officials with the results of 4.4. • Cooperation by the leaders and the population in among cross-border impact assessment): the concerned communities population. o The awareness of the cross-border issues (crimes and terrorism)

o The confidence in

the Border Police

o The awareness of the way how to contribute to the improvement of border security – how to reach the Border Police in case to notify security information Output 4.1.2: • Target communities, • Target communities The best target groups and campaign and groups will be communities and groups methods selected selected according to are identified in the target based on the results of the results of the cross-border areas the stakeholder stakeholder analysis Output 4.1.3: analysis and baseline • The suitable methods The suitable methods to survey are recognised based approach these groups on the results of the are recognized. stakeholder analysis and baseline survey. Output 4.2: • Developed campaign • n/a. • Developed in various • Maintained socio-political stability around the area Common public materials forms (leaflets, radio of the target communities for the analysis, activities information materials for spots, etc.) referring and survey the awareness of cross- to the results of the • Understanding and engagement of the Border border issues and how to stakeholder analysis Police officials in the involvement of border-zone contribute to the and baseline survey.

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improvement of border • Number of border • At least 11 border communities in border security security are developed posts and relevant posts and Border • Cooperation by the leaders and the population in and widely disseminated. offices where the Police offices in total the concerned communities materials are available

for travellers and general public • Number of the cross- • At least 8 border communities communities in total where the materials (see Output 4.3. for are available to the the areas.) population Output 4.3: • Number of the cross- • In Mali, several • At least 8 • Maintained socio-political stability around the area Tailored awareness- border communities community-policing communities – at least of the target communities for the analysis, activities raising and confidence- where the confidence activities in 2 (both sides) par each and survey building events are building events are communities in the of the four areas: • Understanding and engagement of the Border conducted and collective organized border area are on- 1. Ghabou-Aourou Police officials in the involvement of border-zone interventions are started going by DDG which 2. Gogui Zemmal – communities in border security with the participation by started to establish Gogui • Cooperation by the leaders and the population in the Border Police officials confidence and co- 3. Adel Bagrou – Nara the concerned communities and the cross-border reliance between the 4. Fassala Néré – Lere communities on the both Police and the local  At least 8 in 4 areas sides of Mauritania and • Number of the cross- population over

Mali. border communities security. and areas where collective interventions are started Output 4.4: • Availability of the • n/a. • All will be available • Maintained socio-political stability around the area Impact of the awareness- change in the and used to measure of the target communities for the analysis, activities raising and confidence- awareness of the the achievements of and survey building activities is cross-border issues this Outcome 4 and • Understanding and engagement of the Border measured. (crimes and terrorism) Overall Objective. Police officials in the involvement of border-zone • Availability of the communities in border security

change in confidence • Cooperation by the leaders and the population in

in the Border Police the concerned communities

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• Availability of the change in the knowledge in how to contribute to the improvement of border security – how to reach the Border Police in case to notify security information • Availability of recommendations for further efforts Activity 4.1: • Existence of capable and well-qualified research Stakeholder analysis in the target cross-border areas along with a baseline survey of awareness level to identify companies to conduct the analysis and the surveys. the best target groups (such as elders, schools and etc.) and suitable methods to approach these groups in the • Maintained socio-political stability around the area awareness-raising and confidence-building activities of the target communities for the analysis, activities Activity 4.2: and survey Development and dissemination of common public awareness-raising information (leaflets, radio spots, etc.) • Continued engagement of the both governments of Activity 4.3: Mauritania and Mali to improve the international Conduction of the tailored awareness-raising and confidence-building events and the start of collective cooperation on border management interventions participated by the Border Police officials and the cross-border communities on the both sides of • Cooperation by the leaders of the concerned the border (according to the result of the analysis by Activity 4.1, such as meetings between the Border Police border-zone communities officials and communities and between communities from both sides of the border, development of vigilance • Potential interest to the issue among cross-border groups by volunteers and etc.) population Activity 4.4: Quick impact survey in selected communities to measure the impact of the awareness-raising and confidence- building activities

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7. WORK PLAN

Please refer to the attached Work Plan.

8. BUDGET

Please refer to the attached Project Budget.

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