Context of Daniel (Chapters 2 & 7) by Floyd R

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Context of Daniel (Chapters 2 & 7) by Floyd R CODE 166 CODE 196 CODE 228 CODE 243 CODE 251 CODE 294 CODE 427 CODE 490 CODE 590 CODE 666 CODE 01010 CODE 1260 CODE1447 C)ODE 1900 CODE 1975 CODE 2300 CODE 6000 CODE 144,000 Context of Daniel (Chapters 2 & 7) by Floyd R. Cox (Revised 8-19-2018) (To translate: Copy & paste into: https://www.freetranslation.com/) To restore the context of Daniel, we first need to understand that the Masorete rabbi view of the Bible (like the Hebrew calendar) reflects the Jewish timeline, which says the first temple was burned in 423-22 BCE (490 yrs. before 69-70 AD). It was actually burned 165 years earlier, in 588-87 BCE (423 + 165 = 588). The Pharisee and Rabbi “Jewish” View http://code251.com/ Note that the rabbinical society has reduced the Hebrew chronology by removing 165 years between Darius and Alexander (between 539 to 331 BCE). This means the Hebrew date for the fall of Babylon would be 374 instead of 539 BCE (374 + 165 = Related Topics 539), and Esther became queen in 360 instead of 525 BCE (360 + 165 = 525). Her Book Review: first cousin, Mordecai, was captured by Babylon probably in 598 (Esther 2:6) or “The Christian Passover” perhaps 587 BCE. Since the “extra books” were not accepted, they thought Darius I was the Darius, which Alexander had invaded and captured in Persia. This would Introduction to Code 251 erase 165 years later. The Persian Behistun Inscriptions found just before 1840 Ancient Riddle Solved uncovered the missing years. The rabbis did not want to include books, like Maccabees, which praised Jewish Jewish Timeline: freedom from foreign enemies, like Babylon, Greece, Persia, Syria and Rome. Creation in 3761 BC Maccabees, would allegedly incite war against foreign occupiers, like Syria and Rome. CREATION DATE However, without Maccabees, we would lack specific proof of when the Sabbaticals were in 163, 135 and 37 BCE and 34, 83 and 132 AD. Seems strange that 19-Year Eclipse Cycle the rabbis would omit the story of Hanukkah in the book of Maccabees. Eleven Forms of Zionism The Levite Priest View NASA Versus the In contrast, the Maccabeans (later called Hasmoneans) were Levite priests who Hebrew Calendar guarded the temple. These translated the Hebrew Bible into a Greek version (called the Septuagint) after 280 BC, and it included the books of Maccabees, Daniel, Esther, Utopia Unveiled etc., which praised Jewish victories over their oppressors. The Latin Vulgate also Zionist, Catholic, includes these “extra books” called the Apocrypha. Synagogues in the first century & Lutheran Profiles had the Greek version as illustrated later. Note that the King James Version of the Bible (like the Hebrew calendar) reflects Captured by Conjecture the Masorete rabbi views HERE of the Jewish timeline recorded in Codex Judiaca Book Review: When was covered HERE. the Crucifixion? Back to Daniel Context of Revelation In Daniel’s visions, there were four successive kingdoms that took away Jerusalem’s sovereignty. Book Review: Mystery of the Shemitah 1. Nebuchednezzar of Babylon ruled the first kingdom. It lasted until 539 BCE. (Judah’s King Josiah lost sovereignty when he was killed 70 years before 539.) Book Review: 2. The second kingdom was Darius and Cyrus of the Medo-Persia Empire in 539. The Harbinger (Darius and Cyrus were represented by the two horns of a ram in Daniel 8.) Ussher’s Jubilee in 1975 3. The third kingdom was Alexander of the Greco-Macedonian Empire, which was divided among his four generals at his death. 4a. Daniel covers the fourth kingdom with more focus on two of the four generals more specifically. Daniel 11 suggests that the writer was much more familiar with the time of Antiochus IV and knew more details about Greece and Syria than he did about Babylon and Persia. There are several mentions of the sacrificial offerings being cut off and cleansing the altar, which was likely in the time of Antiochus. 4b. Seleucus reigned over Babylon, Persia and Syria in the north, and Ptolemy ruled in Egypt in the south (Dan 11). Daniel mentions four beasts representing Nebuchednessar of Babylon, Darius and Cyrus of Media and Persia, Alexander of Greco-Macedonia. The Seleucus dynasty, a branch descending from one of Alexandar’s four generals, continued until 64 BC, when Rome conquered Judea. Revelation is about the Roman occupiers of Judea after 64 BCE. It is about a Roman dynasty, the six emperors from Julius Caesar to Nero plus Vespasian. “…five are fallen, and one is (Nero), and the other (Vespasian) is not yet come…” (Rev 17:10). Rome does replace the Syrian dynasty, but the Maccabees (Hasmoneans) continued managing the temple and religious affairs until Herod killed Aritobulus in 35 BC. Daniel is about the Higher Realm ruling in the kingdoms of men and setting up kings and putting them down and restoring the saints to their restored city and restored temple. Daniel is about the abomination of desolation, when Jerusalem and her temple were polluted and desolated, when sacrifices ceased and were later restored (Dan 7, 8, 11, 12). TABLE 1. Chronology of Daniel (With Dual Fulfillment in Revelation) Dream of Dan. 2 Dream of Dan. 7 Vision of Dan. 8 Tall Statue of a Man Four Beasts Ram & He -goat Nebuchednezzar’s yr. 2 (Babylon) Belshazzar’s yr. 1 (Babylon) Belshazzar’s yr. 3 (Babylon) -604 (605 BCE) -553 (554 BCE) -551 (552 BCE) 1. Head of Gold (Babylon) 1. Lion (Babylon) 605-539 605-539 Nebuchednezzar With 1 head (3 Kings) 1. Nebuchednezzar –605/562 2. Evil-Merodach –561 3. Belshazzar 2. Breast & Arms: Silver (Persia) 2. Bear (Persia) Ram (Persia) Two arms With 1 head (10 kings) With 2 horns (Medes & Persians) Medes & Persians Dan. 11:1… 1…………………………………... 1. Cyrus / Darius –539 With 3 ribs in mouth (3 kings Egypt, Lybia, Nubia) 2…………………………………. 2. Cambysses –528 3…………………………………. 3. Darius I –520 4. (4th king)………………………. 4. Xerxes I –485 5. Artaxerxes I –463 6. Darius II –422 7. Artaxerxes II –403 8. Artaxerxes III –357 9. Arses (Xerxes III) –336 10. Darius III –334 3. Belly & Two Thighs: Brass (Greece) 3. Leopard (Macedonia) He-goat (Macedonia) With 1 head, Alexander With 1 horn, Alexander Greece & Macedonia 1. Alexander – 332-329 (Sabbatical in 331) 2. Philip –322 3. Antigonos –316/310 1 head replaced by 1 great horn replaced by 4 heads (3, 4, 5 & 6) 4 horns 3a. Two Legs: Iron North: Seleucus (Syria) / South: Ptolemy (Alexandria) (Seleucus down to Antiochus’ realm symbolized by 10 Antioch Alexandria inferior “toes” of Nebuchednezzar’s image). 3b. Inferior 10 toes: Iron & Clay Seleucus dynasty HERE Ptolemy dynasty HERE Alexander the Great captured most of the Persian empire by 330 BC, and, at his death, most of his territory came under the rule of two of his four generals; one is Seleucid of Antioch (Syria), and one is Ptolemy I Nicator in Alexandria, Egypt (Alexander and Ptolemy were likely half brothers, sons of King Philip II of Macedonia). Again, the desolator of the Jerusalem and its temple was a “little horn” branching from (or offspring of) one of the four horns (Antiochus). From 604 BCE (Nebuchednezzar’s first year) to 163 BCE, there are 441 years, equal to 63 “weeks” (sabbaticals). The city and temple were to be desecrated after 62 “weeks”, after 170, before 163 BCE (Daniel 9:25-27). In 163 BCE, the temple was restored and rededicated before the 8 days of Hanukkah (after Kislev 25). The alter was desolated three years earlier (also on Kislev 25) and needed cleansed (Dan 8:8-14). (Note: Christ was likely conceived on Hanukkah, 5 BC, as shown HERE, and likely born the next fall of 4 BC.) Sabbaticals were after Josiah’s reform, in 623, 609, 588, 539, 525 BCE, but by removing 166 years between 539 and 331 BCE from the Hebrew chronology, sabbaticals would continue by arriving two years earlier, in 331, 170, 163, and 37 BCE and 34, 83 and 132 AD. From 527 BC (Esther) to 331 (Alexander) = 196 years = 4 jubilees. 525 to 329 = 196 yrs.) (166 years lacks 2 years in being divisible by 7.) Again, the rabbis (after Codex Aleppo), evidently without using the “extra books”, identified Darius I as being Darius III of Alexandar’s time leaving out 165 years of the Persian chronology, (covered HERE) which was recently restored by the Behistun Inscription before 1840, which recorded the genealogy of Cyrus. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_Sabbatical_Years). Again, the desecrator, “the little horn”, stems from, is the offspring of, one of the 4 horns. This would all suggest that the writer knew more details about Antiochus, Syria and Greece than he did about Babylon and Persia, but the Old Greek text of the Septuagint has details such as placing Daniel 2 in the 12th year of Nebuchednezzar (not in the 2nd year). Sabbaticals after Josiah’s reform were in 623, 609, 588, 539, and 525 BCE. TABLE 2. Chronology of Daniel Source HERE: Third “Beast” Alexander and his 4 Generals (Dan 8:8, 11:4) Vision in Darius’s yr. 1 -539 Dan 11 Four “Heads” or Four “Horns” (Dan 7:6) Lysimacus Ptolemy Seleucus -310 Cassander Thracia, Egypt, Syria, Greece & Macedonia Turkey, Lybia, Babylon, Bulgaria Nubia Persia With 1 horn With 1 horn With 1 horn With 1 horn Two Thighs King of South King of North 11:4 Antioch/Babylon + 1 “little horn” Ptolemy Antiochus IV -176 Egypt 11:8, 43 Syria/Judea 8:11-14, 23-26 http://code251.co Sacrifices taken away 11:31, 40, 45 m/king-of-the- 3½ yrs. 12:7 south.pdf GAP (Rome) 4th “beast” 10 horns (Dan 7:19-20) (Rev 17:12) 2 legs 7th “head” -3 Three kings plucked up (Babylon, Persia, Macedonia) (Dan 7:8, 24) & feet 7 horns that were left 7 heads have 10 crowns (Rev 13:1-3) with +1 little horn (Dan 7:24; 8:9) 10 weak, 8 horns left (Rev 13:11-15) (Rev17:11) divided toes Kingdom of saints established Kingdom of saints restored to smash the image (Dan 7:21, 27) to replace the 4 beasts (7:25) (Rev 13:7) Daniel’s visions were about the future sovereignty of Judea, and the insights were about the Higher Realm controling the destiny of future empires ruling the same territory.
Recommended publications
  • RES 2015.12.15 Bertalotto on the Institution of the Hasmonean High
    Reviews of the Enoch Seminar 2015.12.15 Vasile Babota, The Institution of the Hasmonean High Priesthood . Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 165. Leiden: Brill, 2014. ISBN: 978900425177. € 123 / $ 171. Hardback. Pierpaolo Bertalotto Bari, Italy The aim of this book is to define more adequately the Hasmonean high priesthood as an institution in comparison with the biblical / Jewish tradition on the one hand and the Hellenistic / Seleucid world on the other. Were the Hasmonean high priests more like preexilic kings, like priests from the Oniad or Zadokite families, or like Hellenistic king-priests? This is the question that continually surfaces throughout the entire book. The study contains an introduction, ten chapters, final conclusions, a full bibliography, an index of ancient people, and an index of ancient sources. The introduction offers a brief presentation of the scholarly work on high priestly office which focuses on the relationship among the Hasmonean high priesthood, the Jewish tradition, and the Hellenistic world. Babota then begins his analysis by describing the sources for his study. He considers 1 Maccabees a unitary pro-Hasmonean work written at the time of John Hyrcanus I, probably soon before his death, whose aim is to strengthen his position as high priest in the line of Simon. This strong political agenda must be taken into account when using this literary work as a historical source: its reliability must be assessed, as the author consistently does, on a case by case basis. Concerning 2 Maccabees, Babota especially emphasizes its pro-Judas stance. It is therefore less favorable towards Jonathan and Simon than 1 Maccabees and to some extent critical of the establishment of the Hasmonean high priesthood.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
    [Show full text]
  • PROMOTIONAL ORIGINAL (Un-Lim & A/B)
    The Official TLG Redemption® CCG Price Guide AUGUST 2018 V1.0 Job $20.00 Stillness $2.50 PROMOTIONAL John $2.50 The Serpent $20.00 Year: N/A Cards: 96 Set: $875.00* Includes Product & Tournament cards Jonathan, son of Joiada $5.00 The Tabernacle $30.00 *Price does not include (’__ Nats) cards Joshua (District) $4.50 The Watchman $5.00 ______________________________________________________________________________________ A Child is Born $4.00 Joshua (Settlers) $7.25 Thorn in the Flesh $4.00 Abram’s Army $26.00 King David $16.50 Walking on Water $4.00 Adonijah $2.50 King Solomon $5.00 Water to Wine $2.00 Angel at Shur $4.00 Laban $5.00 Whirlwind/Everlasting Ground$30.00 Angel Food $2.00 Laban (2018) $15.00 Windows of Narrow Light $2.00 Angel of the Lord (‘16 Nats) $75.00 Lost Soul $2.00 Wings of Calamity $2.00 Angel of the Lord (‘17 Nats) $75.00 Lost Soul 2016 $15.00 Zerubbabel $4.00 Angel of the Lord (‘18 Nats) $75.00 Love $2.00 Authority of Christ $7.75 Majestic Heavens $15.00 ORIGINAL (un-lim & a/b) Mary (Chriatmas) $2.00 Year: ’95/’96 Cards: 170 Set: $65.00 Bartimaeus $2.50 Sealed Box: $40.50 Pack: $.90 Blank (both sides) $2.50 Mary's Prophetic Act $2.50 Sealed Deck: $25.00 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Meditiation $2.00 Blank (w/ Redemption back) $4.00 Aaron's Rod $0.50 Michael (‘17 Nats) $75.00 Boaz’s Sandal $5.00 Abaddon the Destroyer $0.75 Mighty Warrior $2.00 Book of the Covenant $5.00 Abandonment $0.50 New Jerusalem $9.75 Brass Serpent $5.25 Abihu $0.25 Nicanor $4.00 Burial
    [Show full text]
  • On the Inerrancy of Scripture
    ON THE INERRANCY OF SCRIPTURE David P. Bolin You do err, knowing neither the Scriptures nor the power of God. Matthew 22:29 I. Introduction In many of the recent writings of Scripture scholars there seems to be a certain reluctance to discuss the nature of the inspiration of Scripture and its relation to the interpretation ofScripture. For example, the document ofthe Pontifical Bib­ lical Commission, The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church, denies that it intends to consider the theology of inspiration. The Commission does not aim to adopt a position on all the questions which arise with respect to the Bible-such as, for example, the theology of inspiration. What it has in mind is to examine all the methods likely to contribute effectively to the task of making more available the riches coutained in the biblical texts. 1 But in order for the Biblical Commission to achieve its stated goal, it is necessary for it to take some position regard- David Bolin earned last year the degree ofLicentiate in Sacred Theo­ logy from the International Theological Institute for Marriage and the Family. This article is the thesis he submitted as part of the requirement for that degree. 1 The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church, trans.]. Kilgallen and B. Byrne (Rome: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1993), 32-33. 23 ON THE INERRANCY OF ScRIPTURE David P. Bolin ing t~e n~t~re of inspiration and its effects on Scripture, if Examples such as this reveal both that the Commission is only 1mphe1tly, even if this is contrary to the Commission's right to reject this kind of interpretation, and that it is nec­ intentions.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Kings Who Experienced the Consequences of Sin N N Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, & H Oshea of Israel
    n The Kings of the Divided Kingdom n FIVE KINGS WHO EXPERIENCED THE CONSEQUENCES OF SIN n n SHALLUM, MENAHEM, PEKAHIAH, PEKAH, & H OSHEA OF ISRAEL (2 KI N G S 1 5 —17) As Israel struggled through its final years, thirty-ninth year of Uzziah king of Judah, and he reigned one month in Samaria. Then Menahem five kings reigned over the northern kingdom. son of Gadi went up from Tirzah and came to Each experienced the consequences of the sins Samaria, and struck Shallum son of Jabesh in of his predecessors and contributed, by his own Samaria, and killed him and became king in wrongdoing, to the dissolution and final destruc- his place. Now the rest of the acts of Shallum and his conspiracy which he made, behold they tion of the nation. Let us consider briefly the are written in the Book of the Chronicles of the reigns of the last five kings of Israel so that we Kings of Israel (2 Kings 15:13–15). might be reminded of the terrible consequences of sin. Shallum’s short reign began in violence and ended the same way. He killed to become king, THE FIVE KINGS IN SUMMARY and another killed him to replace him. Who were the last five kings of Israel, and what does the Bible tell us about the reign of each? Menahem, a King of Terror Their histories are found in 2 Kings 15—17. As the story of the last days of Israel contin- ues, we learn that after Menahem2 became the Shallum, a King for a Month sixteenth king of Israel by assassinating Shallum, The first of the five was Shallum, the fifteenth he “struck Tiphsah and all who were in it and its 1 king of Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • 2210 Bc 2200 Bc 2190 Bc 2180 Bc 2170 Bc 2160 Bc 2150 Bc 2140 Bc 2130 Bc 2120 Bc 2110 Bc 2100 Bc 2090 Bc
    2210 BC 2200 BC 2190 BC 2180 BC 2170 BC 2160 BC 2150 BC 2140 BC 2130 BC 2120 BC 2110 BC 2100 BC 2090 BC Fertile Crescent Igigi (2) Ur-Nammu Shulgi 2192-2190BC Dudu (20) Shar-kali-sharri Shu-Turul (14) 3rd Kingdom of 2112-2095BC (17) 2094-2047BC (47) 2189-2169BC 2217-2193BC (24) 2168-2154BC Ur 2112-2004BC Kingdom Of Akkad 2234-2154BC ( ) (2) Nanijum, Imi, Elulu Imta (3) 2117-2115BC 2190-2189BC (1) Ibranum (1) 2180-2177BC Inimabakesh (5) Ibate (3) Kurum (1) 2127-2124BC 2113-2112BC Inkishu (6) Shulme (6) 2153-2148BC Iarlagab (15) 2121-2120BC Puzur-Sin (7) Iarlaganda ( )(7) Kingdom Of Gutium 2177-2171BC 2165-2159BC 2142-2127BC 2110-2103BC 2103-2096BC (7) 2096-2089BC 2180-2089BC Nikillagah (6) Elulumesh (5) Igeshaush (6) 2171-2165BC 2159-2153BC 2148-2142BC Iarlagash (3) Irarum (2) Hablum (2) 2124-2121BC 2115-2113BC 2112-2110BC ( ) (3) Cainan 2610-2150BC (460 years) 2120-2117BC Shelah 2480-2047BC (403 years) Eber 2450-2020BC (430 years) Peleg 2416-2177BC (209 years) Reu 2386-2147BC (207 years) Serug 2354-2124BC (200 years) Nahor 2324-2176BC (199 years) Terah 2295-2090BC (205 years) Abraham 2165-1990BC (175) Genesis (Moses) 1)Neferkare, 2)Neferkare Neby, Neferkamin Anu (2) 3)Djedkare Shemay, 4)Neferkare 2169-2167BC 1)Meryhathor, 2)Neferkare, 3)Wahkare Achthoes III, 4)Marykare, 5)............. (All Dates Unknown) Khendu, 5)Meryenhor, 6)Neferkamin, Kakare Ibi (4) 7)Nykare, 8)Neferkare Tereru, 2167-2163 9)Neferkahor Neferkare (2) 10TH Dynasty (90) 2130-2040BC Merenre Antyemsaf II (All Dates Unknown) 2163-2161BC 1)Meryibre Achthoes I, 2)............., 3)Neferkare, 2184-2183BC (1) 4)Meryibre Achthoes II, 5)Setut, 6)............., Menkare Nitocris Neferkauhor (1) Wadjkare Pepysonbe 7)Mery-........, 8)Shed-........, 9)............., 2183-2181BC (2) 2161-2160BC Inyotef II (-1) 2173-2169BC (4) 10)............., 11)............., 12)User......
    [Show full text]
  • 637 Appendix 4A. TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS
    Appendix 4A. 1 TIMELINE HIGH PRIESTS JOHN HYRCANUS I TO (THEOPHILUS-) MATTHAIS -------------------------------------Rulers------------------------------------------- “Converted” 2 3 4 Year(s) “LOCALLY” SYRIA EGYPT ROME Year b.c.e. b.c.e. Resumed from Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 1: Following the assassination of High Priest Simon Matthes: 5 134 John Hyrcanus I Cleopatra III and Ptolemy VIII Physcon Third Period of High Priest Antiochus VII and Cleopatra IV “The Republic” Sidetes 132 Rome’s provinces now were Sicilia, Sardinia with Corsica, Hispania Citerior, Hispania Ulterior, Gallia Cisalpina, Illyricum, Africa, Macedonia and Achaea. Antiochus VII besieged Hyrcanus I at Jerusalem for an unstated period ot time, and then withdrew after extracting 300 talents and hostages. Antiochus VII strengthened Seleucid/Syrian power by several victories over Phraates II of Parthia. Hyrcanus I made league with Cleopatra III and Antiochus VII. Hyrcanus I accompanied Antiochus VII on one Parthian expedition. 130 Antiochus VII fell in a battle at Ecbatana “about 130 b.c.” Cleopatra III 1 Unless otherwise cited, data is drawn from (a) internal, cited narratives (Appendices 4B, II, II, and III and their attachments, charts and details (of which some cross-references are included here as examples of sources), and (b) from Ency. pp. 82, 84, 91-99. Question marks indicate uncertain data. 2 Major established or strongly suggested years are given as points of reference. A number of years, routinely advanced, are not included in that they pose irreconcilables in progression (e.g. 105 b.c.e. as deposal of Ptolemy IX and restoration of Ptolemy X, it being reported “king’ Alexander I Janneus assisted, while his generally assigned date of ascendance is 103).
    [Show full text]
  • Athaliah, a Treacherous Queen: a Careful Analysis of Her Story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21
    Athaliah, a treacherous queen: A careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21 Robin Gallaher Branch School of Biblical Sciences & Bible Languages Potchefstroom Campus North-West University POTCHEFSTROOM E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Athaliah, a treacherous queen: A careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21 This article presents a critical look at the story of the reign of Athaliah, the only ruling queen of Israel or Judah in the biblical text. Double reference in 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles shows her story’s importance and significance to the biblical writers. The largely parallel accounts read like a contemporary soap opera, for they contain murder, intrigue, harem politics, religious upheaval, and coup and counter-coup. Her story provides insights on the turbulent political climate of the ninth century BC. However, the purpose of the biblical writers is not to show Athaliah as the epitome of evil or that all women in power are evil. Opsomming Atalia, ’n verraderlike koningin: ’n noukeurige analise van haar verhaal in 2 Konings 11 en 2 Kronieke 22:10-23:21 In hierdie artikel word die verhaal van Atalia krities nagegaan. Atalia was naamlik die enigste koninging van Israel of Juda wie se regeringstyd in die Bybelteks verhaal word. Die dubbele verwysings na hierdie tyd in 2 Konings en 2 Kronieke dui op die belangrikheid en betekenis van haar verhaal vir die Bybel- skrywers. Die twee weergawes wat grotendeels parallelle weer- gawes is, lees byna soos ’n hedendaagse sepie, want hierdie verhale sluit elemente in soos moord, intrige, harempolitiek, godsdiensopstand, staatsgreep en kontrastaatsgreep.
    [Show full text]
  • Levi References & Notes
    LEVI REFERENCES & NOTES: Ahimelech is of Ithamar’s line; Zadok is GERSHON KOHATH MERARI of Eleazar’s line (1 Chr. 24:2,3,6). Ahimelech murdered at Nob under Saul, Abiathar escapes to David (1 Sam. 22). AMRAM IZHAR HEBRON UZZIEL Abiathar unfaithful as high priest under David (defects with Adonijah); Zadok a faithful priest at time of David (1 Kings 1:5- AARON MOSES MIRIAM KORAH NEPHEG ZICHRI 8). Zadok made high priest under Solomon; fulfils prophecy of taking priesthood from NADAB ABIHU ELEAZAR ITHAMAR SONS OF KORAH house of Eli (1 Kings 2:27, 35) *Therefore Eli must have been of Ithamar’s line. At PHINEHAS some point the priesthood seems to have ELI* passed to Eli from Phinehas (and so changing family lines). PHINEHAS Line of Zadok lasted until the exile and AHITUB also the return (1 Chr. 6:8-15; cf. Ezra 3:2). ETHAN HEMAN ASAPH It continued through intertestamental AHIMELECH (JEDUTHAN) times until Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175- 164 B.C.) sold the priesthood to Menelaus, ZADOK ABIATHAR who was not of the priestly line (2 Macb 4:23-50). By the time of Christ, Roman powers often appointed High Priests for SERAIAH political reasons, and they did not serve *Eli succeeded Abishua or Uzzi for life (it was not a hereditary office). (Josephus, Antiq. viii. 1, 3; v.11, 5). EZRA** JEHOZADAK Key singers/musicians appointed to JESHUA **Ezra was the brother Jehozadak, accompany the ark being bought to JOIAKIM Post-exilic who was taken into captivity by Jerusalem under David (1 Chr. 15).
    [Show full text]
  • Political, Ethno-Religious, and Theological
    The Collective Designation of Christ-Followers as Ekkl ēsiai BEFORE ‘CHURCH’: POLITICAL, ETHNO-RELIGIOUS, AND THEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE COLLECTIVE DESIGNATION OF PAULINE CHRIST- FOLLOWERS AS EKKL ĒSIAI By RALPH JOHN KORNER, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Ralph John Korner, January 2014 Ph.D. Thesis – R. J. Korner; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2014) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Before ‘Church’: Political, Ethno-Religious, and Theological Implications of the Collective Designation of Pauline Christ-Followers as Ekkl ēsiai AUTHOR: Ralph John Korner SUPERVISOR: Anders Runesson NUMBER OF PAGES: xiv, 394. ii Ph.D. Thesis – R. J. Korner; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Before ‘Church’: Political, Ethno-Religious, and Theological Implications of the Collective Designation of Pauline Christ-Followers as Ekkl ēsiai In this study I situate socio-historically the adoption of the term ekkl ēsia as a permanent identity by some groups of early Christ-followers. Given pre-existing usages of the word ekkl ēsia in Greco-Roman and Jewish circles, I focus on three investigative priorities: What source(s) lie(s) behind the permanent self-designation of some Christ- followers as an ekkl ēsia ? What theological need(s) did that collective identity meet? What political and ethno-religious ideological end(s) did the appropriation of ekkl ēsia as a sub-group identity serve? In addressing these questions, particularly in relation to Paul’s use of the word ekkl ēsia , I contribute to at least three areas of ekkl ēsia research.
    [Show full text]
  • Josephus Writings Outline
    THE WARS OF THE JEWS OR THE HISTORY OF THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM – BOOK I CONTAINING FROM THE TAKING OF JERUSALEM BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES TO THE DEATH OF HEROD THE GREAT. (THE INTERVAL OF 177 YEARS) CHAPTER 1: HOW THE CITY JERUSALEM WAS TAKEN, AND THE TEMPLE PILLAGED [BY ANTIOCHUS EPIPHANES]; AS ALSO CONCERNING THE ACTIONS OF THE MACCABEES, MATTHIAS AND JUDAS; AND CONCERNING THE DEATH OF JUDAS. CHAPTER 2: CONCERNING THE SUCCESSORS OF JUDAS; WHO WERE JONATHAN AND SIMON, AND JOHN HYRCANUS? CHAPTER 3: HOW ARISTOBULUS WAS THE FIRST THAT PUT A DIADEM ABOUT HIS HEAD; AND AFTER HE HAD PUT HIS MOTHER AND BROTHER TO DEATH, DIED HIMSELF, WHEN HE HAD REIGNED NO MORE THAN A YEAR. CHAPTER 4: WHAT ACTIONS WERE DONE BY ALEXANDER JANNEUS, WHO REIGNED TWENTY- SEVEN YEARS. CHAPTER 5: ALEXANDRA REIGNS NINE YEARS, DURING WHICH TIME THE PHARISEES WERE THE REAL RULERS OF THE NATION. CHAPTER 6: WHEN HYRCANUS WHO WAS ALEXANDER'S HEIR, RECEDED FROM HIS CLAIM TO THE CROWN ARISTOBULUS IS MADE KING; AND AFTERWARD THE SAME HYRCANUS BY THE MEANS OF ANTIPATER; IS BROUGHT BACK BY ABETAS. AT LAST POMPEY IS MADE THE ARBITRATOR OF THE DISPUTE BETWEEN THE BROTHERS. CHAPTER 7: HOW POMPEY HAD THE CITY OF JERUSALEM DELIVERED UP TO HIM BUT TOOK THE TEMPLE BY FORCE. HOW HE WENT INTO THE HOLY OF HOLIES; AS ALSO WHAT WERE HIS OTHER EXPLOITS IN JUDEA. CHAPTER 8: ALEXANDER, THE SON OF ARISTOBULUS, WHO RAN AWAY FROM POMPEY, MAKES AN EXPEDITION AGAINST HYRCANUS; BUT BEING OVERCOME BY GABINIUS HE DELIVERS UP THE FORTRESSES TO HIM.
    [Show full text]
  • BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth
    BIBLICAL GENEALOGIES Adam → Seth → Enosh → Kenan → Mahalalel → Jared→ Enoch → Methuselah → Lamech → Noah (70 descendants to repopulate the earth after the flood – Gen. 10: 1- 32; 1 Chr. 1: 1-27; sons, grandsons, great grandsons): 1 2 The sons of Kenaz (1 Chr. 1: 36) joined the Jews by the tribe of Judah. His descendant was Jephunneh the Kenizzite, who begot Caleb (Num. 32: 12; Josh. 14: 6; 14; 1 Chr. 4: 13-15). Amalek was the father of the Amalekites. Descendants of Jacob (Gen. 46: 26-27) who came to Egypt: • From Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. • From Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar and Shaul (son of a Canaanite woman). • From Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. • From Judah: Er ( in Canaan), Onan ( in Canaan), Shelah, Perez and Zerah; From Perez: Hezron and Hamul. • From Issachar: Tola, Puah (or Puvah, Masoretic text), Jashub (or Iob, Masoretic text) and Shimron. • From Zebulun: Sered, Elon and Jahleel. • Dinah (they were all sons of Leah , who had died in Canaan – Gen. 49: 31); total of 33 people (including Jacob). • From Gad: Zephon (Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch or Ziphion in Masoretic text), Haggi, Shuni, Ezbom, Eri, Arodi and Areli • From Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah and Serah (their sister). Beriah begat Heber and Malkiel (they were all sons of Zilpah , Leah’s maidservant); total of 16 people. • From Joseph: Manasseh and Ephraim. • From Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard. They were all sons of Rachel , who had already died in Canaan – Gen. 35: 19), a total of 14 people.
    [Show full text]