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Note: Proposed Lithostratigraphic Subdivision of the Ugab Subgroup (Damara Sequence) in Kaokoland, Namibia

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Note: Proposed Lithostratigraphic Subdivision of the Ugab Subgroup (Damara Sequence) in Kaokoland, Namibia Communs geol. Surv. Namibia, 8 (1992/93), 153-156 Note: Proposed lithostratigraphic subdivision of the Ugab Subgroup (Damara Sequence) in Kaokoland, Namibia G. Henry, M.A. Osborne and R.K. Schmerold Randgold and Exploration Company Limited, P.o. Box 82291, Southdale, 2135, RSA Introduction conformity between the Nosib Group and the Swakop Group in northwestern Namibia. The Upper Proterozoic Damara Sequence is well ex- At Tsongoari the Ugab Subgroup is para-conform- posed in Kaokoland in the remote northwestern area ably overlain by diamictites and iron formations of the of Namibia. Geological mapping is only available on Chuos Formation (Khomas Subgroup). Dropstones, a small scale (unpublished 1 :250 000 provisional geo- found within the iron formations, indicate a glaciogenic logical compilations for Open File of the Geological origin for the Chuos Formation, similar to that in the Survey of Namibia:- 1712 Swartbooisdrif (1968); 1812 Central Zone of the inland branch of the Damara Oro- Ohopoho (1968), 1912 Sesfontein (1968), 1:1 000 000 gen (Henry et al., 1986; Badenhorst, 1988). scale Geological Map of South West Africa/Namibia (1965, 1980); 1:100 000 scale, Guj (1970); Hedberg Omuhiva Formation (1979); 1 :500000 scale, Miller and Grote (1988)). This formation consists mostly of pelite with subordi- Kaokoland has recently become the focus of mineral nate carbonate intercalations several centimetres thick exploration activities, and Tsongoari Exploration (Pty) towards the base. A carbonate bed up to 1.5 m thick Ltd have mapped in detail the area around the Tson- is developed extensively at, or immediately above, the goari Pb-Zn-Cu occurrence (E & MJ, December 1990). Nosib Group contact. The deposit is hosted by rocks of the Ugab Subgroup The Basal Carbonate Member occasionally has an of the Damara Sequence. The U gab Subgroup com- associated iron formation. Conglomerates are locally prises a wide variety of rock types, and SACS (1980) developed towards the middle of the formation. The proposed the formal term Mudorib Formation (after the formation becomes less pelitic and more psammitic Mudorib River 45 km southwest of Sesfontein) to en- towards the upper contact, and the thickness ranges compass these. We believe, however, that the Mudorib from 40 m to 450 m, averaging 300 m. Occasionally Formation is not useful for detailed mapping because it preserved wave ripples, the overall fine-grained nature is too broadly defined. Tsongoari Exploration (Pty) Ltd of the sediments and the presence of thin carbonates have divided the Ugab Subgroup into distinct mappable suggest deposition in a playa lacustrine or shallow ma- units which are bounded by unconformities or para- rine setting. conformities. Outuwo Formation Proposed stratigraphic subdivision of the Ugab This formation comprises mostly clean orthoquartzite Subgroup with minor arkosic psammite. Small-pebble to pebble conglomerates are commonly developed at the top. A complete succession through the Ugab Subgroup The thickness varies from 1 m to 700 m, averaging rocks crops out in the area around the Tsongoari base about 300 m. Locally well-preserved trough and planar metal occurrence (Fig. 1). The area has been mapped on tabular crossbedding and the mineralogical maturity of a 1 : 10 000 scale by Tsongoari Exploration (Pty) Ltd the ortho-quartzites suggest a shallow marine deposi- using the stratigraphic subdivisions shown in Figure 2. tional environment. Large scale crossbedding (up to 2 The formation names were chosen from the available m) is interpreted as coastal aeolian dune bedding. place names on the 1 : 50 000 topographic maps. Type sections for the individual formations are therefore not Okarondokavi Formation necessarily exactly at the locality indicated on Figure 1. Formal descriptions of the type sections are in prepara- The Okarondokavi Formation is mainly composed of tion. interbedded pelites and psammites with thin carbonate The Ugab Subgroup is para-conformably developed lenses present near the base. A thick and persistent con- on Nosib Group metapsammites, meta-arkoses and glomerate marks the base of the unit. Psammites and conglomerates. The Nosib Group is highly variable in pelites are intercalated above the conglomerate. Locally thickness due to irregular Pre-Damaran basement to- the formation is cut out completely below the overly- pography and pre-Swakop Group erosion. Frets (1969), ing Otjorongwari Formation. A typical thickness of the Guj (1970) and Hedberg (1979) have reported an un- formation is about 130 m. Locally developed graded 153 Henry, Osborne and Schmerold 154 Ugab Subgroup: Proposed lithostratigraphic subdivision bedding in the psammites is interpreted as turbiditic in ment of deposition and the diamictites are interpreted origin, and suggests marine deposition. as debris-flow deposits. Otjorongwari Formation Acknowledgements The Otjorongwari Formation comprises mainly We would like to thank Randgold and Exploration pelites and psammites with several thin, but laterally Limited for permission to publish this short communi- continuous, carbonate beds and minor iron formations cation and F. Myburgh and C. Smith for draughting and and amphibolites. The Lower Dolomite Member is typing respectively. commonly developed at the base of the Formation on an unconformity. The thickness of the Formation ranges References from 70 m to 450 m, with an average of 280 m in the Tsongoari area. About 15 km northeast of Tsongoari Badenhorst, F.P. 1988. The lithostratigraphy of the Chu- a section of thickly- and thinly-bedded, graded psam- os mixtite in part of the southern Central zone of the mites intercalated with thin pelitic beds is interpreted as Damara Orogen, South West Africa. Communs geol. a turbidite sequence. Surv. S.W.Africa/Namibia, 4, 103-110. Preliminary facies analysis indicates thickening- and E & MJ (Engineering and Mining Journal) 1990. Re- thinning-upward cycles suggestive of submarine tur- newed interest in base-metal potential of Kaokoland. bidite fan deposition. Dec. 1990 issue, p 15-16. Frets, D.C. 1969. Geology and structure of the Huab- Okovikuti Formation Welwitschia area, South West Africa. Bull. Pre- camb. Res. Unit, Univ. Cape Town, 5, 235pp. The Okovikuti Formation is composed of a thick se- Guj, P. 1970. The Damara Mobile Belt in the South- quence of amphibolites and amphibole schists (meta- western Kaokoveld, South West Africa. Bull. Pre- basalts), with interbedded carbonates, pelites (locally camb.Res. Unit, Univ. Cape Town, 18, 168pp. graphitic), psammites and locally developed diamic- Hedberg, R.M. 1979. Stratigraphy of the Ovamboland tites. The thickness of the Formation varies from 180 m Basin,South West Africa. Bull. Precamb. Res. Unit, to 1100 m, averaging about 440 m at Tsongoari. Major Univ. Cape Town, 24, 325pp. and trace element geochemical plots indicate a within- Henry, G., Stanistreet, I.G. and Maiden, K.J. 1986. Pre- plate alkaline signature for the basalts. The graphitic liminary results of a sedimentological study of the schists suggest a comparatively deep marine environ- Chuos Formation in the Central Zone of the Damara 155 Henry, Osborne and Schmerold Orogen: Evidence for mass flow processes and gla- 1980. Metamorphic complexes and associated cial activity. Communs geol. Surv. South West Af- formation of Pre-Namibian age in South West Af- rica/Namibia, 2, p75-92. rica/Namibia, p321-326. The Damara Sequence, Miller, R. McG. and Grote, W., Compilers. 1988. Geo- p415-438. In: Kent, L.E. (comp.) The Stratigraphy logical Map of the Damara Orogen of South West of South Africa, Part I. Lithostratigraphy of the Re- Africa/Namibia. 1:500 000 scale. Geological Sur- public of South Africa, South West Africa/Namibia, vey of Namibia, Windhoek. and the Republics of Bophuthatswana, Transkei and SACS (South African Committee for Stratigraphy). Venda. Handbk. geol. Surv. S. Afr., vol. 8, 690pp. 156.
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