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INDEX

‘Ain Ghazal 101, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, Banning, E. 100 118, 125, 144, 150, 227 Bar-Yosef, O. 34, 112, 115, 192 ‘Ain Mallaha, see Eynan Barada 53 ‘Ain Sakhri 222 barley 101, 137, 147, 165, 214, 234 Abdul Hossein 199 Basta 144 Abeurador (L’Abeurador, Hérault, France) 220 beans 101, 137, 147, 165, 173, 216 Abou Gosh 144 Beidha 17, 19, 98, 100, 101, 106, 113, 118, 127, Abu Hureyra 17, 19, 63, 79, 81, 97, 127, 151, 153, 129, 144, 183, 227 155, 177, 178, 183, 188, 212, 217 Beisamoun 113, 114, 227, 228 Abu Madi 22 Beit Taamir knife 36 Akrotiri-Aetokremnos 164 Beqaa 154, 157 Aleppo 63 Bingöl 84, 86, 94 Amanus mountains 11, 154 Black Sea 201, 203, 237 Ammerman, A. J. 138 Bosphorus 237 Amuq culture 150, 152, 155, 156, 194 Bouqras 162, 176–84, 188, 234 Amuq point 97, 147 Boytepe 81, 86 Anatolia 13, 29, 48, 51, 59, 71, 72, 75, 76, 78, 81, Braidwood, R. J. 5, 65, 72, 75, 139, 155, 216 82, 84, 86, 89, 91–4, 96, 98, 101, 104, 105, Brak (Tell) 46, 223 107, 108, 113, 118, 119, 120, 121, 125, 138, bull 28, 44, 64, 69, 89, 92‒3, 123, 124, 125, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144, 147, 154, 161–4, 166, 175, 128, 133, 157, 173, 183, 184, 205, 218 176, 178, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 212, 214, burial 16, 17, 21, 36, 81, 92, 93, 114, 157, 162, 167 215, 216, 217, 219, 220 secondary 44 Anderson, P. 56, 57 Byblos 113, 118, 129, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 166, Antakya 154 169, 194 Anti- 39, 51, 53, 154, 155, 161 Byblos point 79, 80, 91, 97, 102, 155, 174, 176, Anti-Taurus 132 181 Araba 193 Byrd, B. 100 Arabo-Persian Gulf 12, 201 Ararat, mount 203 Cafer Höyük 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 89, 98, 100, 155, Argissa 84 174, 175, 215, 216, 234 Argolid 140 Caneva 214 Arpachiyah 32 Can Hasan 161, 162 As¸ıklı 91, 92, 93, 140, 161, 162, 164, 216, 219 Cap Andreas Castros 166 Askhelon 231, 235 Capart, A. and D. 202, 203 Assouad (Tell) 151, 152, 153, 162, 165, 178, 222 Cappadocia 36, 84, 85, 91, 92, 93, 219 Aswad (Tell) 39, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 63, 96, 97, Cassirer, E. 123, 209 101, 144, 147 Çatalhöyük 29, 31, 32, 68, 84, 89, 92, 93, 107, Aswad point 39, 40, 53 114, 117, 120, 124, 125, 161, 162, 164, 183, Aswadian culture 34, 39, 41, 48, 51, 54, 55, 105, 216, 219 147, 217 cattle 89, 98, 123, 125, 127, 137, 152, 162, 165, Ateibé 53 167, 169, 173, 176, 179, 182, 183, 194, 197, Atlan, H. 210 217, 218 Aurenche, O. 128, 129, 152 Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. 138 13, 21 Çayönü 39, 81, 82, 84, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 114, aurochs 28, 58, 162, 214 117, 118, 151, 174, 175, 214, 215, 234 Azraq 22, 193 Çayönü tool 84, 87, 179 chickpea 11, 54, 137 Baal 124, 125 Childe, V. Gordon 1, 4, 5, 7, 62, 66, 75, 117, 138, Balikh 144 189, 207, 220 Balkans 139, 140, 198, 199 Clutton-Brock, J. 101

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Index 256

Contenson, Henri de 39 human figure or figurine 109‒10, 209 Corsica 104, 170 Final Glacial (period) 12 Crete 125 Flannery, K. V. 129 Cyprus 130, 142, 154, 155, 164‒7, 169, 170, 178, flax 97, 137, 147, 217 182, 197, 218, 219 Forest, J.-D. 157 fox 29, 173 Damascus 34, 40, 44, 51, 53, 60, 63, 76, 96, 97, Franchthi 140 98, 113, 129, 140, 144, 147, 150, 151, 155, Freud, S. 3 161, 197 Damishliyya 208 Galilee 98, 144 Danubian culture (or Linearbandkeramik) 139, Gamkrelidze, T. V. 138 140, 161 Ganj Dareh 102, 199, 225 Dead Sea 93, 98, 102, 143, 147 Garstang, J. 78, 109, 112, 113 Deh Luran (plain) 199 gazelle 15, 19, 25, 28, 55, 64, 65, 80‒1, 98, 173, Dennell R. 205 182, 183, 193, 194, 214, 228 desert burin 192, 193, 194 Geometric Kebaran 13, 14, 15 desert Gesher 36 Black desert 190, 192, 193, 194 Ghoraïfé 100, 144 Judaean desert 98, 102 Ghouta (Damascus oasis) 53 Syrian desert 171, 176, 177, 178, 180, 188 Gilgal 25, 36 DFBW (Dark Faced Burnished Ware) 152, 155, 156 Gimbutas, M. 138, 140 Dikaios 165 Ginnig 222, 234 Digard, J.-P. 128, 137 goat 68, 81, 101, 102, 106, 126, 127, 147, 152, 155, Dik el Mahdi 227 165, 176, 182, 183, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197, Djadé 78, 216, 217 205, 217 Duby, G. 67 Göbekli Tepe 89, 91, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218 Dumézil, G. 67 Goddess (or Mother Goddess) 29, 30, 31, 32, 69, Dunand, M. 118 71, 72, 92, 105, 120, 125, 126, 133, 147, 173, Durand, G. 132 183 culture 21 Easter Island 170 Greece 140, 182, 202 Egypt 5, 71 Gritille 151 Ein Gev 14 Guilaine, J. 165, 233 einkorn (wheat) 11, 81, 89, 97, 101, 104, 147, 165, Guran (Tepe) 199 214, 216, 217, 234 Eliade, M. 130, 132 Hacilar 29, 91, 227 El Khiam 25, 173 Halaf culture 31, 107, 113, 129, 153 El Kowm 13, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 190, 193, Hallan Çemi 173, 214, 234 194, 196, 212 Halula (Tell) 79, 81, 150, 152, 165, 217, 218, 219, Eli (Tell) 144 220 emmer (wheat) 11, 81, 89, 100‒1, 137, 147, 165, Harifian 227 216, 217, 234 Hassuna (Tell) 199 Engels, F. 210 Hassuna (culture) 20, 176 equids 28, 55, 58, 80‒1, 173, 214 Hatoula 22, 36, 51 Er Ram 165, 228 Hauptmann, H. 89 Euphrates 14, 15, 17, 25, 28, 33, 34, 39, 43, 49, Hayaz 151, 152, 155, 197 51, 55, 58, 59, 63, 71, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, Hayonim 17, 19, 224 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 101, 113, 121, 123, 140, Hebron 115 143, 150, 151, 152, 155, 161, 162, 164, 165, Hecker, H. 101 168, 173, 175, 177, 178, 185, 188, 193, 203, Hegel, G. W. F. 209 214, 215, 216, 219 Hellespont 203 Evans, J. 170 Helmer, D. 127 Eynan 7, 15, 222, 234, 237 Helwan point 126 Hesse, B. 128 fallow deer 25, 55, 98, 165 Hillman, G. C. 51, 215 Farah (Tell) 144 Hodder, I. 25, 122, 126, 157 Ferembach, D. 113 Homo erectus 13 Fertile Crescent 11, 13, 139 Homo sapiens 13 figure, figurine 39, 68, 69, 70‒1, 81, 89, 91, 97, Hopf, M. 139 105‒8, 117, 119, 126, 127, 147, 162, 173 horse 137 animal figurine 152, 183, 205 female figurine 25‒26, 29, 33, 36, 44, 118, 147, ibex 192 155, 183, 205 Indo-European 67, 138, 139

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Index 257

Iran 147, 204, 205 legumes 101 Iranian plateau 11 lentils 101, 165 Iraq 20, 32, 84, 171, 174, 185, 207, 214 Leroi-Gourhan, A. 20, 23, 25, 68 Ireland 112 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 13, 17, 31, 34, 36, 38, 97, 150 26, 29, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 44, 48, Ivanov, V. 138 50, 59, 62, 63, 65, 67, 75, 76, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101–4, Jebel Ansariyeh 154 105‒8, 110, 113, 114, 115, 118, 119, 121, 123, Jebel Bishri 193 125, 126, 128, 130, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, Jebel Maghara 192 143, 144, 145, 147, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, Jebel Mqaibara 193 155, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, Jebel Sinjar 172, 188 171, 172, 173, 176, 178, 180, 182, 189, 190, Jeitun culture 275 192, 193, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, Jerf el Ahmar 39, 41, 44, 46, 47, 89, 213, 214, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 212, 213, 214, 220, 223 216, 218, 219, 220 Jericho 5, 34, 36, 38, 44, 50, 54, 60, 63, 64, 75, Levantine corridor 34, 51, 61, 75, 105, 139, 214, 78, 101, 104, 106, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 216 115, 118, 129, 144, 214, 227 Lévi-Strauss, C. 25, 66, 68, 122, 123, 126 Jericho point 102, 193, 194 Lhote 69 Jezirah 39, 46, 81, 143, 150, 151, 152, 155, 165, Limassol 165 171, 173, 176, 178, 185, 200, 217 Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture 139, 140, 161 Jiita 14 14, 15, 17, 22, 33, 34, 36, 51, 54, 60, 63, M’lefaat 214, 233 93, 97, 98, 100, 143, 144, 190, 192, 193, 201 McCartney, C. 218 Jordan (river or valley) 38, 227 Macedonia 11 Judaideh (Tell) 156 culture 1, 12, 16, 68, 69, 82 Judea 144 Magzaliya 84, 174, 175, 176, 180, 188 Malatya 201 Kalavassos Tenta 166, 219 Malta 112 Kaletepe 219 Marek 140 Karim Shahir 225, 226, 234 Mari 189 12, 13, 14, 128 Marx, K. 210, 211 Kef Mektouba 69 mask 115‒16, 119 Kenyon, K. 34, 50, 78, 109, 112, 113, 118 Mellaart, J. 29, 32 Kfar Hahoresh 113 Mersin 157 Khabur (river or valley) 171, 173, 178, 185 Mesopotamia 5, 71, 119, 121, 123, 127, 130, 133, Kharaneh 14 150, 151, 171, 172, 173, 180, 196, 201, 203, Khazanov, A. M. 189 204 Khiam point 22, 24, 36, 39, 125, 173 Morgan, J. de 69 Khiamian culture 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 32, 33, 34, Morin, E. 210 38, 39, 48, 51, 55, 56, 60, 66, 72, 82, 105, Mother Goddess, see Goddess 106, 123, 125, 126, 154, 164, 208, 212, 215 Moulins, D. de 215 Khirokitia 165, 166, 167, 168, 170 Mount Ararat 203 Kirkbride, D. 118 Mount Carmel 15, 25, 225 Kislev, M. E. 54 Munhata 106, 107, 108, 227 Knossos 202 (Tell) 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, Konya plain 161 31, 33, 39, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, Kösk Höyük 226 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 78, 79, 81, 89, 97, Kühn, T. S. 196 98, 106, 114, 125, 129, 178, 216, 214 Kültepe 176 Mureybetian culture 27, 28, 34, 39, 41, 42, 44, Kumar Tepe 152 45, 46, 48, 50, 51, 55, 56, 58, 59, 76, 78, 79, 84, 91, 92, 94, 104, 105, 107, 121, 126, 128, Labweh 154, 155, 161, 232 129, 132, 133, 152, 155, 162, 183, 213, 214, Lake Amuq 154 215, 216, 217 Lake Ateibé 53 Mushabi 193 Lake Huleh 274 Musular Mevkii 219 Lake Tiberias 96, 144 Mycenae 170 Lake Van 84, 86, 94 Latakie 155 Nasharini 22 Lattimore, O. 196 Nadaouyieh 221 Lebanon 14, 17, 118, 154, 155, 158, 159, 160, 161 Nahal Divshon 100, 227 Le Brun, A. 165, 170 Nahal Hemar 102, 108, 112, 113, 115, 119 Le Goff, J. 67 Nahal Issaron 193

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Index 258

Nahal Oren 25, 36, 101, 227 Rollefson, G. O. 109 Nahr el Homr 221 Roodenberg, J.-J. 178 Nahr el Kebir 154 Rosh Horesha 17 Natufian culture 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 25, Rosh Zin 17 26, 28, 29, 34, 36, 38, 48, 51, 55, 56, 60, 62, Rouffignac 68 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 76, 81, 85, 92, 93, 100, Rousseau, J.-J. 209 101, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 140, 154, rye 11, 59, 137, 147, 214, 225 166, 172, 176, 180, 207, 208, 212, 214 Nebaa Faour 232 Salibiyah 22, 25 Nebi Mend (Tell) 232 Samaria 144 Negev 12, 17, 38, 98, 100, 144 Samarra 188, 196 Nemrik 172, 173, 174, 225, 233, 234 Sanlaville, P. 212 Nemrik point 173 Sea of Marmara 140 Nemrikian 185, 188 Serres, M. 209 Revolution 1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 21, 65, 67, 137, sheep 68, 127, 137, 147, 152, 155, 165, 176, 179, 202, 212, 220 182, 183, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197, 205, 217 Netiv Hagdud 36, 38, 52, 54, 55, 60, 63, 213 Sheikh Hassan 39, 41, 44, 129 Nevalı Çori 81, 82, 84, 86, 89, 91, 108, 117, 118, Shillourokambos 165, 166, 167, 169, 218 144, 151, 216 Siberia 32 Sinai 12, 14, 15, 81, 93, 98, 191, 192, 193, 194, Oasis of Damascus 223 196, 212 Oasis of Sukhné 256 Sinjar 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 188, 199, 201, Oasis of Taïbé 256 204, 205 obsidian 59, 93‒4, 162, 219 skull Orontes 154 cult 36, 75, 78, 81, 89‒90, 97, 157, 162, 225 Özbas¸aran 219 deformation 147 Özdogˇan, M. 215 deposition 93 detached 92, 133 Pakistan 199 modelled 113‒15, 157 Palestine 48, 76, 96, 104, 105, 113, 118, 121, 140, culture 13, 182 144, 147, 197 Sotto (Tell) 176, 182, 183 Palmyra 177, 180, 190, 193 statue 89, 108‒13, 209 Pavlovian culture 21 Stordeur, D. 180 pea 11, 101, 137, 215 Strouhal, E. 113 pebble culture 1 Suberde 161 Perrot, J. 7, 78, 150 Suez 192 Petra 100 Sukneh 193 Petra tou Limmiti 222 Sultanian culture 34–9, 41, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 60, pig 68, 137, 152, 155, 165, 169, 173, 176, 179 98, 101, 102, 104, 105, 118, 125, 129, 213, PPNA (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A) 22, 34, 35, 36, 217 39, 66, 75, 76, 78, 81, 86, 96, 97, 102, 104, 12, 17, 40, 42, 53, 76, 78, 89, 93, 97, 98, 105, 107, 118, 128, 140, 151, 164, 172, 208, 101, 104, 105, 107, 117, 143, 146, 148, 149, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219 150, 151, 154, 155, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, PPNB (Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) early, middle, 171, 177, 179, 184, 185, 187, 192, 195, 200, recent, final 36, 49, 75‒86, 89‒93, 96‒115, 212, 216, 217, 218, 219 117‒23, 126‒30, 132‒4, 140, 142‒57, 160‒2, 164, 165, 167‒9, 172, 174‒84, 190, 192‒5, Taibeh 193 197, 204, 208, 209, 214‒20 Taurus (mountains) 11, 39, 76, 81, 84, 86, 87, 92, Popper, K. 210 94, 97, 98, 104, 121, 140, 143, 150, 155, 162, 174, 175, 178, 188, 193, 197, 200, 201, 214, Qafzeh 13 215, 216, 217 Qaramel (Tell) 39 Taurus (PPNB of the) 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 93 Qdeir 194, 195, 197 Tell aux scies 232 Qermez Dere 172, 173, 214, 215 Tenta, see Kalavassos Tenta Qumran 119 Thessaly 201 Tigris 36, 63, 81, 172 radiocarbon dating xiv, 212, 218 Toynbee, A. 182 Ramad (Tell) 113, 114, 115, 117, 129, 144, 146, tranchet 36, 147 147, 148, 149, 150, 155, 157, 197 Transcaucasia 199, 205 Ras Shamra 125, 154, 155, 157, 161, 169, 178 Transjordan 38 Red Sea 200 Turkey 143, 151, 162, 214, 217 Renfrew, C. 138, 139, 140, 200 Turkmenia 138 Roitel 212 Turkmenistan 199, 205

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Index 259

Ubaid culture 20, 117, 119, 120, 180, 181, 188, Watkins, T. 173, 212, 214, 215, 216 203 wheat 11, 101, 147, 152, 165, 173, 182, 216, 217, Ucko, P. 105, 106 223, see also einkorn and emmer Ugarit, see Ras Shamra Willcox, G. 57, 215 Ujrat el Mehed 192, 193 Wittgenstein, L. 210 Umm Dabaghiyah 182, 183 Umm Dabaghiyah-Sotto culture 176, 178 Yiftahel 101, 113 Uruk (culture) 46, 203, 220 Zagros 5, 11, 12, 13, 87, 101, 102, 138, 139, 171, Valla, F. R. 17 172, 178, 188, 199 Van Loon, M. 39 Zarzian (culture) 171, 172 Van Zeist, W. 54, 89 Zawi Chemi Shanidar 173 Vernant, J.-P. 122, 123 Zohary, D. 55, 137, 139 Zvelebil, M. 140 Wadi Hammeh 25 Wadi Tbeik 191, 192

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