Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : a Guide Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : a Guide Pdf, Epub, Ebook STONE TOOLS IN THE PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC NEAR EAST : A GUIDE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John J. Shea | 422 pages | 28 Feb 2013 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9781107006980 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : A Guide PDF Book Stones with evidence of grinding have been found. I Endscrapers and burins are two classic Upper Paleolithic found it interesting that the Tayacian is treated as a real in- retouched flake tool categories, as Shea notes, and there are dustry when it has been recently pointed out that the ma- several other types that can be analytically useful. The forms are varied and flaking is generally irregular which produces sinuous cutting edges. It is too bad that he does not also rec- categories; he is simply reporting them as used by various ommend this for the microlith class, which could use quite researchers. In concluding that typologies are descriptive in nature and this is one this chapter, Shea observes that many of the Neolithic stone of their main functions—a standardized way to compare tool types fit more easily into functional categories com- forms within and across assemblages. The geological age of Perigordian culture corresponds to the phase of the retreat of Wurm- I glaciation. Mousterian —40 ka Aterian —20 ka Micoquien —70 ka Sangoan —10 ka. And, it and subsistence increasing dependence on fewer plant and would be great to see a brief paragraph that stresses fact animal species aspects of Neolithic lifeways. Here Shea notes that typologies appear to begin to Dufour pieces is not marginal retouch. The cave art of the Magdalenian people culminated in the production of polychrome paintings. All rights reserved. South African Archaeological lithic. I note also that dives into using Bordian typology without first providing in Table 5. The appearance of the Kebarian culture, of microlithic type, implies a significant rupture in the cultural continuity of Levantine Upper Paleolithic. Dibble, pp. Olszewski, D. This culture is named after a site of Perigord region in southwestern France. Refrain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and do not indulge in personal attacks, name calling or inciting hatred against any community. We sometimes call these people hunter-gatherers. Shea notes that within the retouched flake tools, the lithic core into the same category parallel , or parsing the most important types are scrapers and points, and that same technology over more than one category e. Therefore, it is evident that as synonyms the Lower Perigordians replaces the Chatelperronian and Upper Perigordian appears at the place of Gravettian. The Late Epipalaeolithic is also called the Natufian culture. Evidence of the earliest stone tools in Western Europe has appeared from the deposits of first Inter-glacial phase in the Lower Pleistocene. The predominance of side scrapers and Levallois flakes were also reduced. Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : A Guide Writer Language and Symbolic Artifacts. Although the finished tools are found rarely but the pebbly cortex is significantly present in all Pre-Chellean tools. Finlayson and C. This is the final level of Acheulean and also known as the Micoquian. The characteristic feature of the flake traditions is the assemblages of flake tools that are of more complex type. Despite then being very close to the coast, the rather small number of seashells found 7 genera and the piercing of many, suggests these may have been collected as ornaments rather than food. It is a great presentation, written in references. In general, the Solutrean tools are found as the end-scrapers, side-scrapers, points, gravers or burins, etc. This tool is known as Chatelperron point, named after the site Chatelperron in France. Importantly, Shea notes that used for other tasks which change their forms. Volvo Auto eyes Udaipur, Kota, Jodhpur markets. Cambridge University Press. The technique was found to evolve during the Upper Acheulean or Micoquian level and its final expression was arrived in Proto-Mousterian and also in Levalloiso-Mousterian level. Until recently, it was thought that the Arabian peninsula was too arid and inhospitable for human settlement in the Late Pleistocene. Though the parallel flaking technique first appears in upper Perigordian level, but it shows its best development in the Solutrean level by the creation of beautiful symmetrical laurel leaf and shouldered points. Small chopping tools, rough scrapers, discs, knives, blades on flint are the chief findings of this culture. Farrand, and A. The level has been characterized by the strong influence of Clactonian flake tradition and the absence of Levalloisian influence. Flaking involves using a hammer stone to form sharp edges on an object stone by striking it on its sides. I admit that how archaeologists classify stone artifacts into types and I was not sure why the Conard et al. He they are in Middle Paleolithic assemblages. No evidence for art has yet been discovered. Some flakes with Levalloisian influence have been observed in Upper Acheulean culture level. These points are retouched mainly on the upper surface and the bulb on the lower surface has been removed by flat retouch. The primary flakings have been worked out only at the working end. Brit- Aqev Area, Part 1, ed. Otte, F. In fact, Acheulean represents a cultural stage between the two flake traditions — Clactonian and Levalloisian. Levantine Aurignacian culture Map showing the approximate location of the Levantine Aurignacian culture. It is marked by the hand-axes, large number of side scrapers, backed knives and a type of notched tools. My one small quibble is but not as much in the Upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, that Table 1. It can be accepted as the first tradition of the bifacial core-tools culture. These jority of the stone artifacts in these assemblages are formed include Emireh points, chamfered pieces, Dufour bladelets, by taphonomic rather than cultural processes, such that the el Wad points, Aurignacian blades, and Ouchtata bladelets. Epipalaeolithic sites are more numerous, better preserved, and can be accurately radiocarbon dated. Main articles: Epipalaeolithic Near East and Kebaran. Besides, novelties in bone tools include split-base lance points, pointed awls or pins. Both Levalloisian and Mousterian cultures were developed on the flake tradition involving a higher technology. Finlayson and C. Appendix 1 is a series within the Middle East. Parkington, S. Besides, cleavers, the bifacial core-tool with square, or slightly convex, sharp cutting edge at one extremity is found abundant. A large number of tools have been discovered from both the Somme and the Thames Valley. Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : A Guide Reviews Download as PDF Printable version. The start of the Epipalaeolithic is defined by the appearance of microliths. Appendix 1 is a series within the Middle East. It is too bad that he does not also rec- categories; he is simply reporting them as used by various ommend this for the microlith class, which could use quite researchers. Until recently, it was thought that the Arabian peninsula was too arid and inhospitable for human settlement in the Late Pleistocene. A final chapter shows how change in stone tool designs point to increasing human dependence on stone tools across the long sweep of Stone Age prehistory. In evolutionary line, the Cro-Magnons have been placed as the Men of Late Pleistocene period and they are the first runners of Neanthropic race—the Homo sapiens. A short summary of this paper. Jaubert eds. The one small thing I note here is that in Figure A2. The earliest known sites belonged to the early Neolithic, c. Flake tools have occurred in all levels, but the number of tools increases in the Upper Acheulean. Though the core tools are the principal element of this hand-axe tradition, the flake tools are also found to occur in all levels along with hand-axes. This phenomenon is found in the site La Micoque in France. Arti- and behavioral-strategic which have been used to inter- facts can and often do have use-lives that alter their mor- pret stone artifact assemblages in this region, and an over- phology and discarded artifacts can later be picked up and view of the rest of the book. Being and Stone. This phase is characterized by smaller, thinner and better retouched flakes than those of the Lower Levalloisian flakes. In general, the typical magdalenian tools are the long and parallel-sided blade implements. In this last section of each chapter, Shea provides touched flake tool typologies by Levantine researchers be- suggestions on how to improve how we deal with and in- gins to be much more eclectic. The Levant became more arid and the forest vegetation retreated, to be replaced by steppe. The culture has been referred as the Osteodontokeratic culture for the utilization of bone, teeth and horn at a time. The first or the oldest prehistoric culture is known as Palaeolithic or the Old Stone Age. Bagor site had yielded earliest evidence of domestic dog with Stone Age community. It is the richest culture with regard to Upper Palaeolithic art where we have seen most bold outlines. And, just like microliths of the Epi- of stone artifact type lists for the different chronological pe- paleolithic, there are rather a lot of projectile point types. In the description of platform types; most cores on tabular pieces Figure 6. The characteristic tools are made on bone as the javelin points which are flattened, conical with forked bases. My Slide Shows. The cave art of the Magdalenian people culminated in the production of polychrome paintings. Garrard, S. Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East : A Guide Read Online Here Shea notes that typologies appear to begin to Dufour pieces is not marginal retouch.
Recommended publications
  • The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the Beginnings of Regional Identity
    Journal of Worm Prehistory, Vol. 2, No. 3. 1988 The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the Beginnings of Regional Identity J. Desmond Clark ~ The history of research into the Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the present state of knowledge of this time period is examined for the region as a whole, with special reference to paleoenvironments. The known MSA sites and occurrences are discussed region by region and attempts are made to fit them into a more precise chronological framework and to assess their cultural affinities. The conclusion is reached that the Middle Stone Age lasted for some 150,000 years but considerably more systematic and in-depth research is needed into this time period, which is now perceived as of great significance since it appears to span the time of the evolution of anatomically Modern humans in the continent, perhaps in Last Africa. KEY WORDS: Middle Stone Age; Sangoan/Lupemban; long chronology; Archaic Homo sapiens; Modern H. sapiens. • . when we eventually find the skulls of the makers of the African Mousterian they will prove to be of non-Homo sapiens type, although probably not of Neanderthal type, but merely an allied race of Homo rhodesiensis. The partial exception.., of the Stillbay culture group is therefore explicable on the grounds that Homo sapiens influence was already at work. (Leakey, 1931, p. 326) The other view is that the cradle of the Aurignacian races lies hidden somewhere in the Sahara area, probably in the south-east, and that an early wave of movement carried one branch of the stock via Somaliland and the Straits of Bab el-Mandeb into Arabia, and thence to some unknown secondary centre of distribution in Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploitation of the Natural Environment by Neanderthals from Chagyrskaya Cave (Altai) Nutzung Der Natürlichen Umwelt Durch Neandertaler Der Chagyrskaya-Höhle (Altai)
    doi: 10.7485/QU66_1 Quartär 66 (2019) : 7-31 Exploitation of the natural environment by Neanderthals from Chagyrskaya Cave (Altai) Nutzung der natürlichen Umwelt durch Neandertaler der Chagyrskaya-Höhle (Altai) Ksenia A. Kolobova1*, Victor P. Chabai2, Alena V. Shalagina1*, Maciej T. Krajcarz3, Magdalena Krajcarz4, William Rendu5,6,7, Sergei V. Vasiliev1, Sergei V. Markin1 & Andrei I. Krivoshapkin1,7 1 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 04210, Kiev, Ukraine 3 Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland 4 Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 5 PACEA, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), F-33400 Pessac, France 6 New York University, Department of Anthropology, CSHO, New York, NY 10003, USA 7 Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Abstract - The article presents the first results of studies concerning the raw material procurement and fauna exploitation of the Easternmost Neanderthals from the Russian Altai. We investigated the Chagyrskaya Cave – a key-site of the Sibirya- chikha Middle Paleolithic variant. The cave is known for a large number of Neanderthal remains associated with the Sibirya- chikha techno-complex, which includes assemblages of both lithic artifacts and bone tools. According to our results, a Neanderthal population has used the cave over a few millennia. They hunted juvenile, semi-adult and female bisons in the direct vicinity of the site.
    [Show full text]
  • Nile Valley-Levant Interactions: an Eclectic Review
    Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2013. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review. In Neolithisation of Northeastern Africa, ed. Noriyuki Shirai. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 16: 237-247. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:31887680 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP In: N. Shirai (ed.) Neolithization of Northeastern Africa. Studies in Early Near Eastern: Production, Subsistence, & Environment 16, ex oriente: Berlin. pp. 237-247. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review Ofer Bar-Yosef Department of Anthropology, Harvard University Opening remarks Writing a review of a prehistoric province as an outsider is not a simple task. The archaeological process, as we know today, is an integration of data sets – the information from the field and the laboratory analyses, and the interpretation that depends on the paradigm held by the writer affected by his or her personal experience. Even monitoring the contents of most of the published and online literature is a daunting task. It is particularly true for looking at the Egyptian Neolithic during the transition from foraging to farming and herding, when most of the difficulties originate from the poorly known bridging regions. A special hurdle is the terminological conundrum of the Neolithic, as Andrew Smith and Alison Smith discusses in this volume, and in particular the term “Neolithisation” that finally made its way to the Levantine literature.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prehistoric Africa Equatorial Influences in Cultures of Southern
    Equatorial influences in the Prehistoric Cultures of Southern Africa BY J. DESMOND CLARK For many years now it has been apparent that the western equa­ torial regions of the African continent were, during the Stone Age, the home of cultures which showed as great a degree of specialisation in their stone industries as those of any other part of the continent. This degree of specialization must have been due fundamentally to the nature of the environment in which these cultures flourished rather than to any differences in physical stock, or inherited culture tradition of the makers. These would, however, have played an important par! once man had established himself in equatorial fores! country. The evidence available suggests that, with the exception of the dry period at the end of the Lower and beginning of the Middle Pleisto­ cene when for a time the makers of Oldowan Pebble Culture toais penetrated the peripheral parts of the fores! country, it was not until th end of the Earlier Stone Age that man was able to establish himself permanently in moist evergreen forest country. Sites of Acheulian age are quite rare in this type of country and they are by no means common in the moist semi ... deciduous or dry deciduous forest country either. Those that do occur show little or no difference in technigue or typology from the Acheulian of the savannah and grassland regions where the Chelles-Acheul culture had developed. It is apparent, there­ fore, that the spread of human culture to the forest country was most probably an outcome of the widespread dessication that can be shown to have taken place at the end of the Kanjeran pluvial.
    [Show full text]
  • High Resolution AMS Dates from Shubayqa 1, Northeast Jordan
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN High Resolution AMS Dates from Shubayqa 1, northeast Jordan Reveal Complex Origins of Late Received: 2 October 2017 Accepted: 22 November 2017 Epipalaeolithic Natufan in the Published: xx xx xxxx Levant Tobias Richter 1, Amaia Arranz-Otaegui1, Lisa Yeomans1 & Elisabetta Boaretto2 The Late Epipalaeolithic Natufan (~14,600 − 11,500 cal BP) is a key period in the prehistory of southwest Asia. Often described as a complex hunting and gathering society with increased sedentism, intensive plant exploitation and associated with an increase in artistic and symbolic material culture, it is positioned between the earlier Upper- and Epi-Palaeolithic and the early Neolithic, when plant cultivation and subsequently animal domestication began. The Natufan has thus often been seen as a necessary pre-adaptation for the emergence of Neolithic economies in southwest Asia. Previous work has pointed to the Mediterranean woodland zone of the southern Levant as the ‘core zone’ of the Early Natufan. Here we present a new sequence of 27 AMS radiocarbon dates from the Natufan site Shubayqa 1 in northeast Jordan. The results suggest that the site was occupied intermittently between ~14,600 − 12,000 cal BP. The dates indicate the Natufan emerged just as early in eastern Jordan as it did in the Mediterranean woodland zone. This suggests that the origins and development of the Natufan were not tied to the ecological conditions of the Mediterranean woodlands, and that the evolution of this hunting and gathering society was more complex and heterogeneous than previously thought. Te lack of secure, continuous sequences of radiocarbon dates from Natufan sites has been a long running prob- lem for researchers working on the Late Epipalaeolithic of the Levant1–4, particularly when it comes to the Early Natufan.
    [Show full text]
  • An Aurignacian ''Garden of Eden'
    An Aurignacian ”Garden of Eden”in Southern Germany ? an alternative interpretation of the Geissenklösterle and a critique of the Kulturpumpe model João Zilhão, Francesco d’Errico To cite this version: João Zilhão, Francesco d’Errico. An Aurignacian ”Garden of Eden”in Southern Germany ? an alterna- tive interpretation of the Geissenklösterle and a critique of the Kulturpumpe model. PALEO : Revue d’Archéologie Préhistorique, Société des amis du Musée national de préhistoire et de la recherche archéologique - SAMRA, 2003, 15, pp.69-86. halshs-00444011 HAL Id: halshs-00444011 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00444011 Submitted on 15 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PALEO – N° 15 – DÉCEMBRE 2003 – Pages 69 à 86 AN AURIGNACIAN «GARDEN OF EDEN» IN SOUTHERN GERMANY ? AN ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE GEISSENKLÖSTERLE AND A CRITIQUE OF THE KULTURPUMPE MODEL João ZILHÃO (1) et Francesco D’ERRICO (2) Abstract : New radiocarbon dates and results of new analyses from Geissenklösterle (Conard and Bolus JHE, 40: 331-71) were recently used to suggest that the Aurignacian of the Swabian Jura dates back to 40 ka BP and that this evidence supports the Kulturpumpe model according to which cultural innovations of the Aurignacian and Gravettian in Swabia pre- date similar developments in the remainder of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • A CRITICAL EVALUATION of the LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD of the CHALK UPLANDS of NORTHWEST EUROPE Lesley
    A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE LOWER-MIDDLE PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE CHALK UPLANDS OF NORTHWEST EUROPE The Chilterns, Pegsdon, Bedfordshire (photograph L. Blundell) Lesley Blundell UCL Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD September 2019 2 I, Lesley Blundell, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 3 4 Abstract Our understanding of early human behaviour has always been and continues to be predicated on an archaeological record unevenly distributed in space and time. More than 80% of British Lower-Middle Palaeolithic findspots were discovered during the late 19th/early 20th centuries, the majority from lowland fluvial contexts. Within the British planning process and some academic research, the resultant findspot distributions are taken at face value, with insufficient consideration of possible bias resulting from variables operating on their creation. This leads to areas of landscape outside the river valleys being considered to have only limited archaeological potential. This thesis was conceived as an attempt to analyse the findspot data of the Lower-Middle Palaeolithic record of the Chalk uplands of southeast Britain and northern France within a framework complex enough to allow bias in the formation of findspot distribution patterns and artefact preservation/discovery opportunities to be identified and scrutinised more closely. Taking a dynamic, landscape = record approach, this research explores the potential influence of geomorphology, 19th/early 20th century industrialisation and antiquarian collecting on the creation of the Lower- Middle Palaeolithic record through the opportunities created for artefact preservation and release.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
    Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Wessex Article Master Page 29/11/2012 11:41 Page 51
    McNabb and Beaumont _Wessex Article Master Page 29/11/2012 11:41 Page 51 Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 78, 2011, pp. 51–71 Excavations in the Acheulean Levels at the Earlier Stone Age Site of Canteen Koppie, Northern Province, South Africa By JOHN MCNABB1 and PETER BEAUMONT2 The fluvial gravels of the river Vaal in South Africa have long been known as a source for Earlier Stone Age (ESA) artefacts. Most were discovered through the open cast mining for diamonds that has left very little in situ fluvial sediment remaining today. The site of Canteen Koppie is an internationally famous location with a reputation for prolific Acheulean artefacts, especially handaxes and the enigmatic prepared core and Levallois-like technology known as Victoria West. Our understanding of this site, and most other Vaal locations, is almost solely based on highly selected artefact collections. Here, we report on the first controlled excavations ever to be conducted at Canteen Koppie. The deposits are likely to date to the Early and Middle Pleistocene, and our excavations sample the full depth of the stratigraphic sequence. The lower units, first identified in these excavations, add a considerable time depth to the Acheulean occupation of the site, making this the longest chrono-stratigraphic sequence in South Africa to our knowledge. Given the current international interest in the origins of Levallois/prepared core technology (PCT), its occurrence in Unit 2b Upper, and its presence alongside Victoria West technology in Unit 2a has significant implications for debates on the role of Victoria West in the origins of PCT.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
    Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Nature of Transitions: the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Revolution
    On the Nature of Transitions: the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Revolution The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 1998. “On the Nature of Transitions: The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Revolution.” Cam. Arch. Jnl 8 (02) (October): 141. Published Version doi:10.1017/S0959774300000986 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:12211496 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8:2 (1998), 141-63 On the Nature of Transitions: the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic and the Neolithic Revolution Ofer Bar-Yosef This article discusses two major revolutions in the history of humankind, namely, the Neolithic and the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic revolutions. The course of the first one is used as a general analogy to study the second, and the older one. This approach puts aside the issue of biological differences among the human fossils, and concentrates solely on the cultural and technological innovations. It also demonstrates that issues that are common- place to the study of the trajisition from foraging to cultivation and animal husbandry can be employed as an overarching model for the study of the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. The advantage of this approach is that it focuses on the core areas where each of these revolutions began, the ensuing dispersals and their geographic contexts.
    [Show full text]
  • JVR FEIR Appendix E Cultural Resources
    APPENDIX E Cultural Resources Report Part 1 CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT for the JVR ENERGY PARK PROJECT, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Lead Agency: County of San Diego Planning and Development Services Contact: Donna Beddow 5510 Overland Ave, Suite 110 San Diego, California 92123 Prepared by: Matthew DeCarlo, MA, Jessica Colston, BA, and Micah Hale, Ph.D., RPA 605 Third Street Encinitas, California 92024 Approved by: _________________ Micah Hale, Ph.D., RPA Prepared for: Patrick Brown Director of Development BayWa R.E. Solar Projects, LLC 17901 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 1050 Irvine, California 92614 JUNE 2021 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. National Archaeological Database (NADB) Information Authors: Matthew DeCarlo, MA, Jessica Colston, BA, and Micah J. Hale, PhD, RPA Firm: Dudek Project Proponent: BayWa R.E. Solar Projects, LLC 17901 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 1050 Irvine, California 92614 Report Date: July 2020 (Updated June 2021) Report Title: Cultural Resources Report for the JVR Energy Park Project, San Diego County, California Type of Study: Survey and Archaeological Evaluation New Sites: CA-SDI-22725, CA-SDI-22726, CA-SDI-22727, CA-SDI-22728, CA-SDI-22729, CA-SDI- 22730, CA-SDI-22731, CA-SDI-22732, CA-SDI-22733, P-37-038609, P-37-038610, P-37- 038611, P-37-038612, P-37-038613, P-37-038614, P-37-038615, P-37-038616, P-37- 038617, P-37-038618, P-37-038619, P-37-038620, P-37-038621, P-37-038622, P-37- 038623, P-37-038624, P-37-038625, P-37-038626, P-37-038627, P-37-038628, P-37- 038629, P-37-038630, P-37-038631, P-37-038632,
    [Show full text]