Neurotransmitters in Plants
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Download the Full Paper
Int. J. Biosci. 2020 International Journal of Biosciences | IJB | ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 16, No. 5, p. 197-211, 2020 RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Phytochemical and comparative biological studies of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour) extract Tripti Rani Paul1*, Md. Badrul Islam2, Mir Imam Ibne Wahed3, Md Golam Hossain4, Ashik Mosaddik3 1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi- 6204, Bangladesh 2Drugs and Toxins Research Division, Bangladesh Chemical and Scientific Industrial Research, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh 3Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh 4Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh Key words: Baccaurea ramiflora, Minor fruit, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, CNS- depressant. http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/16.5.197-211 Article published on May 28, 2020 Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant activity along with central nervous system (CNS) depressant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Baccaurea ramiflora fruits. Qualitative phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloid, steroid, saponin, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Total phenolic and flavonoid content measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride method was observed maximum for peel (93.05 ± 0.33 mg GAE /gm and 34.33 ± 0.24 mg CA /gm of dried extract respectively. In DPPH assay method, peel showed significant (P < 0.05) antioxidant activity based on IC50 value. Total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assay result also demonstrated potential antioxidant capacity of B. ramiflora peel. The seed with flesh extract significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited writhing 46.51% induced by acetic acid in mice at 200 mg/ kg doses. -
Vegetation, Floristic Composition and Species Diversity in a Tropical Mountain Nature Reserve in Southern Yunnan, SW China, with Implications for Conservation
Mongabay.com Open Access Journal - Tropical Conservation Science Vol.8 (2): 528-546, 2015 Research Article Vegetation, floristic composition and species diversity in a tropical mountain nature reserve in southern Yunnan, SW China, with implications for conservation Hua Zhu*, Chai Yong, Shisun Zhou, Hong Wang and Lichun Yan Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xue-Fu Road 88, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P. R. China Tel.: 0086-871-65171169; Fax: 0086-871-65160916 *Corresponding author: H. Zhu, e-mail [email protected]; Fax no.: 86-871-5160916 Abstract Complete floristic and vegetation surveys were done in a newly established nature reserve on a tropical mountain in southern Yunnan. Three vegetation types in three altitudinal zones were recognized: a tropical seasonal rain forest below 1,100 m; a lower montane evergreen broad- leaved forest at 1,100-1,600 m; and a montane rain forest above 1,600 m. A total of 1,657 species of seed plants in 758 genera and 146 families were recorded from the nature reserve. Tropical families (61%) and genera (81%) comprise the majority of the flora, and tropical Asian genera make up the highest percentage, showing the close affinity of the flora with the tropical Asian (Indo-Malaysia) flora, despite the high latitude (22N). Floristic changes with altitude are conspicuous. The transition from lowland tropical seasonal rain forest dominated by mixed tropical families to lower montane forest dominated by Fagaceae and Lauraceae occurs at 1,100-1,150 m. Although the middle montane forests above 1,600 m have ‘oak-laurel’ assemblage characteristics, the temperate families Magnoliaceae and Cornaceae become dominant. -
Chemical Composition and Potential Practical Application of 15 Red Algal Species from the White Sea Coast (The Arctic Ocean)
molecules Article Chemical Composition and Potential Practical Application of 15 Red Algal Species from the White Sea Coast (the Arctic Ocean) Nikolay Yanshin 1, Aleksandra Kushnareva 2, Valeriia Lemesheva 1, Claudia Birkemeyer 3 and Elena Tarakhovskaya 1,4,* 1 Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] (N.Y.); [email protected] (V.L.) 2 N. I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; [email protected] 4 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, St. Petersburg Branch, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Though numerous valuable compounds from red algae already experience high demand in medicine, nutrition, and different branches of industry, these organisms are still recognized as an underexploited resource. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of 15 Arctic red algal species from the perspective of their practical relevance in medicine and the food industry. We show that several virtually unstudied species may be regarded as promis- ing sources of different valuable metabolites and minerals. Thus, several filamentous ceramialean algae (Ceramium virgatum, Polysiphonia stricta, Savoiea arctica) had total protein content of 20–32% of dry weight, which is comparable to or higher than that of already commercially exploited species Citation: Yanshin, N.; Kushnareva, (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra sp.). Moreover, ceramialean algae contained high amounts of pigments, A.; Lemesheva, V.; Birkemeyer, C.; macronutrients, and ascorbic acid. Euthora cristata (Gigartinales) accumulated free essential amino Tarakhovskaya, E. -
Study of Anthelmintic and Insecticidal Activity of Baccaurea Ramiflora Plant in Different Extracts
International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition ISSN: 2455-4898 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.14 www.foodsciencejournal.com Volume 3; Issue 4; July 2018; Page No. 157-161 Study of anthelmintic and Insecticidal activity of Baccaurea ramiflora plant in different extracts Kazi Nuruddin Al Masud1, Zarif Morshed2, Nasiful Islam3, Dr. Mahboob Hossain4, Maliha Tasnim Deeba5, Rezowana Islam6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Baccaurea ramiflora Lour., syn. Baccaurea sapida (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. known as Burmese grapes belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is native to Southeast Asia. The observance on Baccaurea ramiflora leads that this plant is utilized as an antichloristic and anodyne against rheumatoid arthritis, abscesses, cellulitis and treat injuries. This plant also has anti-diarrheal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate anthelmintic and insecticidal activities of different extract of Baccaurea ramiflora. For anthelmintic activity, Pheretima posthuma was selected as test animal while 25, 50, 100 mg/ml concentrations of samples were tested in the bioassay, from which time of paralysis and time of death of worms were estimated. Evaluation of insecticidal activity was performed against Sitophilus oryzae to calculate the mortality rate. Extracts of MEE, EE, ACE, CHE, PEE and NHE were for the activity determination. In anthelmintic study, extract exhibited its activity in dose-dependent manner showing higher the concentration, faster the effect. Extract of EE, PEE, CHE and MEE in case of 100 mg/ml concentration exhibited its paralytic effect followed by death within a short period of time among which ACE extract gave the best result which only took approx. -
Download PDF Version
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Polyides rotunda and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis on reduced salinity infralittoral rock MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Marine Evidence–based Sensitivity Assessment (MarESA) Review Frances Perry & Dr Heidi Tillin 2016-01-21 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/316]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Perry, F. & Tillin, H.M., 2016. [Polyides rotunda] and/or [Furcellaria lumbricalis] on reduced salinity infralittoral rock. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinhab.316.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2016-01-21 Polyides rotunda and/or Furcellaria lumbricalis on reduced salinity infralittoral rock - Marine Life Information Network A turf of Polyides rotundus, Furcellaria lumbricalis and filamentous brown algae. -
Progress Report - 2 2012
Rufford Small Grant: Progress Report - 2 2012 Project Title: Assessing the diversity of national red listed vascular plants and hotspots identification at Rema- Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh Project leader: Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury Project summary Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (RKWS) is one of the most critical protected areas (PA) in Bangladesh where a large number endemic plant and animal species have already disappeared due to severe anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, assessment of red listed species diversity and identification of biodiversity hotspots are important in conservation management. Hence, the general objective of the work is to develop baseline information on the occurrence and diversity patterns of the national red listed vascular plant species in the PA to foster conservation of these threatened components of nature. Specific objectives (I) Quantification of red listed species diversity and exploration of their distributional patterns in different habitats. (II) Identification of hotspots within the PA. Results Diversity of Red Listed Vascular Plants We found a total of 66 red listed vascular plants of 35 families and 55 genera in the Rema- Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (Table 1). Plantation forest consists of 47 species of 42 genus and 28 families. Natural forest has 17 unique species. Highest richness value (18) was found in plot 2 of natural forest and lowest value was observed in sample plot 4 (Figure 1a). Out of 50 plots in 1 Rufford Small Grant: Progress Report - 2 2012 plantation forest 4 plots did not have any red listed species. Richness value ranged from 0 to 14 with a mean value of 5.32. In terms of alpha diversity, mean values were 1.64 and 1.07 for natural and plantation forests, respectively (Figure 1b). -
Angiospermic Flora of Gafargaon Upazila of Mymensingh District Focusing on Medicinally Important Species
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 26(2): 269‒283, 2019 (December) © 2019 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF GAFARGAON UPAZILA OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT FOCUSING ON MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES 1 M. OLIUR RAHMAN , NUSRAT JAHAN SAYMA AND MOMTAZ BEGUM Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Keywords: Angiosperm; Taxonomy; Vegetation analysis; Medicinal Plants; Distribution; Conservation. Abstract Gafargaon upazila has been floristically explored to identify and assess the angiospermic flora that resulted in occurrence of 203 taxa under 174 genera and 75 families. Magnoliopsida is represented by 167 taxa under 140 genera and 62 families, while Liliopsida is constituted by 36 taxa belonging to 34 genera and 13 families. Vegetation analysis shows that herbs are represented by 106 taxa, shrubs 35, trees 54, and climbers by 8 species. In Magnoliopsida, Solanaceae is the largest family possessing 10 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 12 species. The study has identified 45 medicinal plants which are used for treatment of over 40 diseases including diabetes, ulcer, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, cold and cough, menstrual problems, blood pressure and urinary disorders by the local people. Some noticeable medicinal plants used in primary healthcare are Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Commelina benghalensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. A few number of species are also employed in cultural festivals in the study area. Cardamine flexuosa With., Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst., Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Piper sylvaticum Roxb., Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers and Trema orientalis L. -
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of the Leaves of Baccaurea Ramiflora and Microcos Paniculata Suvendu Saha*, T
DOI: 10.21276/sjmps Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN 2413-4929 (Print) Scholars Middle East Publishers ISSN 2413-4910 (Online) Dubai, United Arab Emirates Website: http://scholarsmepub.com/ Original Research Article Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Oral Acute Toxicity Study of the Leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata Suvendu Saha*, T. Shivraj Gouda1, S. Vijaya Srinivas2 *Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maisammaguda, Dhulapally, Secunderabad, Telangana, India. 1Department of Pharmacology, NET Pharmacy College, Raichur, India 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Prasad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jangaon, Telangana, India *Corresponding Author: Suvendu Saha Email: [email protected] Abstract: The current study was planned to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity study of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata. The soxhlated extraction and standard methods were used for extractions and phytochemical analysis. The drug was administration orally, animal’s observed from cage side observations and mean body weight was taken for 14 days. There phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, saponins and flavonoids. The oral acute toxicity study showed no noticeable clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during 14 days of the study period. No statistically significant alterations in body weights, compared to control group. We conclude that the outcome of the present study may add scientific information of ethanolic, chloroform extracts and acute toxicity study of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata to the system of medical specialization. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata was found to be nontoxic up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, so the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. -
Polyides Rotunda (Hudson) Gaillon, 1828
Polyides rotunda (Hudson) Gaillon, 1828 AphiaID: 145668 . Plantae (Reino) >Biliphyta (Subreino) >Rhodophyta (Filo) >Eurhodophytina (Subdivisao) >Florideophyceae (Classe) > Rhodymeniophycidae (Subclasse) > Gigartinales (Ordem) > Polyidaceae (Familia) Sinónimos Bifurcaria rotunda (Hudson) Papenfuss, 1950 Chordaria rotunda (Hudson) C.Agardh, 1817 Fucus caprinus Gunnerus, 1766 Fucus furcellatus Mohr, 1786 Fucus radiatus Goodenough & Woodward, 1797 Fucus rotundus Hudson, 1762 Furcellaria rotunda (Hudson) Lyngbye, 1819 Polyides caprinus (Gunnerus) Papenfuss, 1950 Polyides lumbricalis C.Agardh, 1822 Polyides rotunda f. typica Kjellman, 1883 Referências additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2019). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. , available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details] basis of record Guiry, M.D. (2001). Macroalgae of Rhodophycota, Phaeophycota, Chlorophycota, and two genera of Xanthophycota, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 20-38[details] additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p. [details] additional source Sears, J.R. (ed.). 1998. NEAS keys to the benthic marine algae of the northeastern coast of North America from Long Island Sound to the Strait of Belle Isle. Northeast Algal Society. 163 p. [details] additional source South, G. R. and I. Tittley. 1986. A checklist and distributional index of the benthic marine algae of the North Atlantic Ocean. Huntsman Marine Laboratory. St. Andrews, New Brunswick. 1 76 p. [details] additional source Muller, Y. -
Fl. China 11: 216–217. 2008. 15. BACCAUREA Loureiro, Fl
Fl. China 11: 216–217. 2008. 15. BACCAUREA Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 661. 1790. 木奶果属 mu nai guo shu Li Bingtao (李秉滔 Li Ping-tao); Michael G. Gilbert Gatnaia Gagnepain; Pierardia Roxburgh ex Jack. Trees or shrubs, dioecious; indumentum of simple hairs. Leaves alternate, usually clustered apically; stipules caducous; leaf blade simple, margin entire or crenate-serrate, venation pinnate. Inflorescences axillary, often cauliflorous, compound spikelike or racemelike panicles, pendent, many flowered. Male flowers: sepals 4–8, usually unequal, imbricate; petals absent; disk absent or obscurely glandular and between stamens (sometimes interpreted as staminodes); stamens 4–8, as long as or longer than sepals; filaments free; anthers 2-locular, introrse or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; pistillode usually enlarged at apex, depressed and bifid, usually pubescent. Female flowers: sepals 4–8, larger than male, pubescent on both surfaces; petals absent; disk absent; ovary shorter than sepals, 2- or 3(–5)-locular; ovules 2 per locule; styles 2–5, very short. Fruit a berry or tardily loculicidally dehiscent fleshy capsule, ovoid, fusiform, or globose. Seeds enclosed by fleshy edible aril; endosperm fleshy or thick; embryo curved; cotyledon broad and flattened. About 80 species: Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands; two species (one introduced) in China. 1a. Leaf blade obovate-oblong, oblanceolate, or oblong, 9–15 cm, base cuneate, abaxially glabrous, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, petiole 3–5 cm ............................................................................................................................................. 1. B. ramiflora 1b. Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 20–35 cm, base rounded or shallowly cordate, abaxially pubescent, lateral veins 12–16 pairs, petiole 5–10 cm ................................................................................................................. -
Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Freeze-Dried Pulp, Peel, and Seed of Burmese
Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Freeze- dried Pulp, Peel, and Seed of Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiora Lour.) by Response Surface Methodology Mohammad Afzal Hossain ( [email protected] ) Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Md. Sakib Hossain Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Research Article Keywords: Burmese Grape, DPPH, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, Optimization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Total Phenolic Compounds. Posted Date: March 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-347432/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Optimization of Antioxidant Extraction from Freeze-dried Pulp, Peel, and Seed of Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) by Response Surface Methodology Mohammad Afzal Hossain* and Md. Sakib Hossain Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh *Corresponding Author: Tel.: +880-821- 717850 Ext. 242/601; Mobile: +8801731984545. E-mail address: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-9277 1 ABSTRACT This study aimed to attain the optimum condition necessary for extracting the maximum yield of antioxidants from the freeze-dried pulp, peel, and seed of Burmese grape using response surface methodology (RSM). Solvent (ethanol) concentration (%), temperature (°C), and time (min) were taken as independent variables by factorial screening for the extraction procedure. After extraction, the antioxidant activity of all samples was determined employing 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The experiment's optimum conditions were 80% solvent concentration, 69.01°C temperature, and 30 min for pulp. -
National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some Processes, Equipment, and Materials Described in This Manual May Be Patented
National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticides, read and follow all label instructions. First Edition Issued 2015 Contents Exotic Fruit