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INTERVIEW with FAZLUR R. KHAN Compiled Under the Auspices of The INTERVIEW WITH FAZLUR R. KHAN Compiled under the auspices of the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries The Art Institute of Chicago Copyright © 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ii Outline of topics iii Interview 1 Selected bibliography 157 Biographical profile 160 Index of names and buildings 162 i PREFACE In 1992 Liselotte Khan, widow of Fazlur R.Khan, donated a collection of his papers to the Ryerson & Burnham Archives. Subsequently, Dr. Khan's daughter Yasmin Khan has made additional gifts to the archives that included a 156-page unedited transcript of an autobiographical interview that Dr. Khan taped in 1978. The occasion or reason for the commentary is unknown. The Ryerson & Burnham Archives wish to express its great appreciation to Yasmin Khan for giving her permission to add this interview to the Chicago Architects Oral History Project, where it joins those of his partners at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The archives also wish to acknowledge the contribution of Karen Ambrose to the preparation of the transcript. Mary K. Woolever Art & Architecture Archivist July 2014 ii OUTLINE OF TOPICS Childhood and his father’s influence 1 Early education 5 University studies in Calcutta 11 Chooses to study engineering at the University of Dacca 13 Fulbright Scholarship to attend the University of Illinois 29 First impressions of Americans and value of travel 35 Civil and structural engineering studies at University of Illinois 44 Joins Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 52 Air Force Academy 59 Return to Karachi and Dacca to work 64 Return to Skidmore, Owings & Merrill 69 United Airlines Building 73 Evergreen Plaza 82 Brunswick Building 84 Tube concept and working with Bruce Graham 91 Teaching at I.I.T. and tutoring 93 Design and construction of the John Hancock Building, Chicago 96 One Shell Plaza, Houston 112 New structural systems developed for SOM buildings 121 iii Sears Tower, Chicago 127 Broken Hill Property, Melbourne Australia 132 King Abdul Aziz University, Mecca (Makkah) 138 Haj Terminal, Jeddah International Airport, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 149 Architects and engineers working together 152 iv INTERVIEW PAGES (P.1-156) ARE ONLY AVAILABLE ONSITE AT THE RYERSON & BURNHAM LIBRARIES v SELECTED WORKS BY FAZLUR R. KHAN Abbreviations used: ACI American Concrete Institute ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers IABSE International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering “Load Test of 120-ft Precast, Prestressed Bridge Girder.” With Andrew J. Brown. ACI Journal, Proceedings 55 (July 1958): 139–150. “Interaction of Shear Walls and Frames.” With John A. Sbarounis. Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE 90 (June 1964): 285–335. “Optimum Design of Glass in Buildings.” Building Research 4 (May–June 1967): 45–48. “The Nature of High-Rise Buildings.” Inland Architect 10 (July 1967): 6–11. “Shock-Absorbing Soft Story Concept for Multistory Earthquake Structures.” With Mark Fintel. ACI Journal, Proceedings 66 (May 1969): 381–390. Paper presented at the ACI Annual Convention (Los Angeles, March 1968) as “A New Approach to Earthquake Design of Multistory Structures.” “Analysis and Design of the 100-Story John Hancock Center in Chicago (U.S.A.).” With Srinivasa H. Iyengar and Joseph P. Colaco. Acier-Stahl-Steel (June 1968): 271– 274. “Effects of Column Temperature, Creep and Shrinkage in Tall Structures.” With Mark Fintel. In Eighth Congress, Final Report (New York, 1968), by IABSE. Zurich: IABSE, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1969. “Optimization of Building Structures.” University of Illinois Bulletin 66 (14 February 1969): 23–35. “The Chicago School Grows Up.” Architectural & Engineering News 11 (June 1969): 2–5. “Recent Structural Systems in Steel for High-Rise Buildings.” In Proceedings of the Conference on Steel in Architecture (London, 1969), by British Constructional Steelwork Association. London: British Constructional Steelwork Association, 1970. “Lightweight Concrete for Total Design of One Shell Plaza.” SP29-1 in Lightweight Concrete, SP29, by ACI. Detroit: ACI, 1971. 157 “Caisson Construction Problems and Correction in Chicago.” With Clyde N. Baker Jr. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE 97 (February 1971): 417– 440. “Service Criteria for Tall Buildings for Wind Loading.” With Richard A. Parmelee. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures (Tokyo, 1971). Tokyo: Saikon, 1971. “Influence of Design Criteria on Selection of Structural Systems for Tall Buildings.” In Proceedings of the Canadian Structural Engineering Conference (Toronto, 1972). Toronto: Canadian Steel Industries Construction Council, 1972. “The Future of Highrise Structures.” Progressive Architecture 53 (October 1972): 78–85. “Systems Engineering for Large Projects.” Paper presented at the Structural Seminar Series, ASCE, Chicago, May 1973. “The Sears Tower (Chicago): World’s Tallest Building.” With Hal S. Iyengar and John J. Zils. Acier-Stahl-Steel 38 (July–August 1973): 308–313. “Newer Structural Systems and Their Effect on the Changing Scale of Cities.” Parts 1 and 2. Schweizerische Bauzeitung (Zurich; 7 and 21 November 1974): 1013–1024, 1047–1060. “Changing Scale of the Cities.” Consulting Engineer (April 1974): 69–73. “Architecture in Developing Countries.” In Problems Associated with Design and Construction in Developing Countries: IABSE Symposium, München 1977, Final Report, by IABSE. Zurich: IABSE, 1978. “Performance of One Shell Plaza Deep Mat Foundation.” With John A. Focht Jr. and J. Peter Gemeinhardt. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE 104 (May 1978): 593–608. “Creative Teaching and Its Influence on Innovative Concrete Structures.” SP72-16 in Significant Developments in Engineering Practice and Research, SP72, by ACI. Detroit: ACI, 1981. “Will Society Permit the Megastructure?” The 50 Year Span, supplement to New Civil Engineer (August 1980): 46–47. “Structural Aesthetics in Architecture and Its Social and Technological Relevance." In Eleventh Congress, Final Report (Vienna, 1980), by IABSE. Zurich: IABSE, 1980. 158 “Five Million Square Foot Tent Roof.” With John J. Zils and Mohammed Salem. Civil Engineering, ASCE 50 (December 1980): 68–71. “Application of Traditional Muslim Planning Principles to a Contemporary Arab Environment: A Case Study of Umm al- Qura University, Makkah.” In The Arab City: Its Character and Islamic Cultural Heritage, Ismail Serageldin and Samir El-Sadek, with Richard R. Herbert (eds.). Arlington, VA: I. Serageldin, 1982. “100 Storey John Hancock Center, Chicago: A Case Study of the Design Process.” Engineering Structures 5 (January 1983): 10–14. Paper presented at the IABSE Symposium, Selection of Structural Forms (London, September 1981). SELECTED WORKS ABOUT FAZLUR R. KHAN Ali, Mir M. Art of the Skyscraper: the Genius of Fazlur Khan. New York: Rizzoli, 2001. Khan, Yasmin Sabina. Engineering Architecture: the Vision of Fazlur R. Khan. New York: W.W.Norton, 2004. 159 BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILE Born: 3 April 1929, Dacca, East Pakistan (Bangladesh) Died: 27 March 1982, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Education: University of Dacca, B.S. Engineering 1950 University of Illinois, M.S. Structural Engineering 1953; M.S. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 1955; Ph.D. Structural Engineering 1955 Work experience: Karachi Development Authority 1958–1960 Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Chicago, 1960–1982 Award-winning projects: United Air Lines, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 1962 Business Men's Assurance Company of America, Kansas City, Missouri, 1964 Brunswick Building, Chicago, Illinois 1965 Equitable Life Assurance Society, Chicago, Illinois 1965 Connecticut Mutual Insurance Company, Chicago, Illinois 1967 Boots Pure Drug Company Headquarters, Nottingham, England, 1968 Gateway Office Buildings I and II, Chicago, Illinois 1968 John Hancock Center, Chicago, Illinois 1970 160 First Wisconsin Center Bank, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1974 Fourth Financial Center, Wichita, Kansas, 1974 Sears Tower, Chicago, Illinois 1974 W.D and W.O. Wills Corporation, Bristol, England, 1974 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Deerfield, Illinois, 1975 Banco de Occidente, Guatemala City, Guatemala, 1977 Sixty State Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 1977 Haj Terminal, King Abdul Aziz International Airport, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Three First National Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, 1981 Madison Plaza, Chicago, Illinois, 1982 One Magnificent Mile, Chicago, Illinois, 1982 Awards: Engineering News-Record, “Construction’s Man of the Year,” 1972 Northwestern University, Honorary Doctor of Science, 1972 National Academy of Engineering, 1973 American Society of Civil Engineers, Ernest E. Howard Award, 1977 Lehigh University, Honorary Doctor of Engineering, 1980 International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, International Award of Merit in Structural Engineering, 1982 161 INDEX OF NAMES AND BUILDINGS Ahmed, Munir 65, 140, 142, 144, 146 Allen, Roy 141-142 Ashid, Kasin 65 Beck, Henry 118 Behr, Rick 147, 148 Broken Hill Proprietary Headquaters Building (Melbourne, Australia) 132-133, 134-136 Brown, Andy 52-53, 54, 56-57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 70, 77, 80 Brunswick Building (Chicago, IL) 84, 85-86, 87, 88, 90, 101, 114 Bunshaft, Gordon 149-153, 155 Candelas, George 143 Cook County Administration Building (Chicago, IL) see Brunswick Building DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments (Chicago, IL) 91-92 Elligator, Mark Mort 102 Evergreen Plaza (Evergreen Park, IL) 81, 82, 84, 87 Fink, John 106, 107 First National Bank (Columbus, OH) 131 First Wisconsin Bank Building (Milwaukee, WI) 136-137 Gateway Building 3 (Chicago, IL) 123
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