Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 1 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

only along HuR, there often cultivated, maybe not native to Aceraceae Acer negundo box elder Y CCg S5 same Vascular Tree Perennial well established County?

poorly known, maybe Aceraceae Acer nigrum black maple Y CCu S5 same Vascular Tree Perennial variety of A. sacharum

striped maple, moosewood, green- freq throughout, most Aceraceae Acer pensylvanicum striped maple, whistlewood, Y CCg S5 same rich moist woods Vascular Tree Perennial abundant E Pennsylvania maple

Aceraceae Acer platanoides Norway maple N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Aceraceae Acer pseudoplatanus sycamore maple N-I SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial same or Aceraceae Acer rubrum red maple Y S5 c throughout swamps and wet woods Vascular Tree Perennial increased? Aceraceae Acer saccharinum silver maple Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq floodplain forest Vascular Tree Perennial same or Aceraceae Acer saccharum sugar maple Y S5 c woods, rich upland woods Vascular Tree Perennial increased? Aceraceae Acer spicatum mountain maple Y CCu S S4S5 declined only E, where common rocky woods, gorges Vascular Tree Perennial

water-plantain, broad-leaved water- Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial plantain, southern water-plantain

not in FCC, taxonomy Alismataceae Alisma triviale Alisma subcordatum northern water-plantain Y S5 same? Vascular Forb/herb Perennial changed northern arrowhead, wapato, muddy shores of small ponds which Alismataceae Sagittaria cuneata Y CCr S5 same? r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial wapatum arrowhead dry up in summer Alismataceae Sagittaria graminea Sagittaria graminea grassleaf arrowhead Y CCu S5 same infreq shallow water, borders of pond Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

broadleaf arrowhead, wapato, Alismataceae Sagittaria latifolia Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common arrowhead, duck-potato

Sagittaria montevidensis tidal arrowhead, hooded Alismataceae Y CCr S2 same? r tidal mud Vascular Herbaceous Annual ssp. spongiosa arrowhead Alismataceae Sagittaria rigida sessile-fruit arrowhead Y CCu S5 same? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Alismataceae Sagittaria subulata strap-leaf arrowhead Y CCr S3 same? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial tumbleweed amaranth, tumble Amaranthaceae Amaranthus albus pigweed, white amaranth, prostrate N SE not seen? c weed in cult or waste grounds Vascular Herbaceous Annual pigweed prostrate amaranth, prostrate Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthus graecizans pigweed, matweed, matweed N SE not seen r railroad yards Vascular Forb/herb Annual amaranth waterhemp pigweed, tidal marsh Amaranthaceae Amaranthus cannabinus Y CCu S5 same loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial amaranth love-lies-bleeding, purple Amaranthaceae Amaranthus caudatus N SE increased? not in FCC may persist near areas of cultivation Vascular Forb/herb Annual amaranth, foxtail amaranth weed in gardens, cult. and waste Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus smooth amaranth, smooth pigweed N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Annual grds green amaranth, Powell's Amaranthaceae Amaranthus powellii amaranth, Powell's smooth N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual amaranth

common amaranth, redroot weed in gardens, cult. and waste Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus pigweed, redroot amaranth, wild- Y S5 same freq Vascular Herbaceous Annual grds beet amaranth, rough pigweed

Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria smoketree N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Anacardiaceae Rhus aromatica fragrant sumac Y CCu R S5 declined? loc abund rocky bluffs and hills Vascular Shrub Perennial Anacardiaceae Rhus copallinum winged sumac Y CCr S2 S5 same r rocky summits Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial old fields, roadsides, thickets, dry Anacardiaceae Rhus glabra smooth sumac Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial soil old fields, roadsides, thickets, dry Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina staghorn sumac Y S5 same c Vascular Tree Perennial soil Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 2 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

same or Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron radicans poison ivy, eastern poison ivy Y S5 c woods, fence rows, rocky banks Vascular Vine Perennial increased? Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron rydbergii western poison ivy Y CCu? S3? incleased? not in FCC FNYA: rocky open areas Vascular Shrub Perennial Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron vernix poison sumac Y CCu S4 same loc abund swamps, large & undistrubed Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria goutweed, bishops goutweed N-I? SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial floodplain forest, wet meadows, Apiaceae Angelica atropurpurea angelica, great angelica Y CCu S5 same loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial swamps Apiaceae Angelica venenosa hairy angelica Y CCr S3 declined? infreq dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Apiaceae Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil, cow parsley N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Apiaceae Chaerophyllum procumbens spreading chervil Y CCr S1 increased not in FCC floodplain species Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Apiaceae Cicuta bulbifera bulb-bearing water-hemlock Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial water hemlock, spotted water hemlock, poison hemlock, beaver- only Hu&HaV,where open swamps and margins of Apiaceae Cicuta maculata Y CCg S5 same Vascular Herbaceous Perennial poison, musquash-root, spotted common streams cowbane swampy woods, shady places in Apiaceae Conioselinum chinense hemlock parsley Y CCr S4 same r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial calc. marshes Apiaceae Conium maculatum poison hemlock N SE increased not in FCC (gravel pit) Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Apiaceae Cryptotaenia canadensis Canada honewort Y CCu S5 declined? c moist rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Apiaceae Daucus carota wild carrot N SE same c weed of fields, meadows, roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Biennial

Apiaceae Heracleum maximum Heracleum lanatum cow-parsnip Y CCr S4 same r alluvial meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Apiaceae Hydrocotyle americana American water-pennywort Y CCu S5 declined? c springy places, moist low grounds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Apiaceae Osmorhiza claytonii sweet cicely, Clayton's sweetroot Y CCu S5 declined? freq moist rich woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Apiaceae Osmorhiza longistylis aniseroot, longstyle sweetroot Y CCu S5 same? infreq moist rich woods, floodplains Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa wild parsnip N SE same c, loc v. abund weed of meadows and roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Apiaceae Sanicula canadensis short-styled sanicle Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Apiaceae Sanicula marilandica black snake-root Y CCu S5 declined? c woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Apiaceae Sanicula odorata Sanicula gregaria clustered blacksnakeroot Y CCu S5 declined only HuV,where common moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

water-parsnip, hemlock water- muddy borders of streams and Apiaceae Sium suave Y CCu S5 declined c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial parsnip ponds only HuV,where dry clay and shale bluffs and Apiaceae Taenidia integerrima yellow pimpernel Y CCr S5 declined Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common, occ. In HaV hillsides

Apiaceae Torilis japonica hedge-parsley, erect hedge-parsley N SE same occ dry fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Annual

heart-leaved golden Alexanders, Apiaceae Zizia aptera Y CCu S4 declined? only Hu&HaV, freq dry, rich, calc. woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial meadow zizia Apiaceae Zizia aurea common golden Alexanders Y CCu S5 declined? c throughout moist meadows, along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Apocynum Apocynaceae spreading dogbane Y CCu S5 declined c dry fields and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial androsaemifolium Indian hemp, clasping-leaved gravelly or sandy shores, weed in Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum Apocynum sibiricum Y CCu S5 declined c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dogbane fields Apocynaceae Vinca minor periwinkle N SE increased occ cementaries, yards, roadsides Vascular Vine Perennial Aquifoliaceae Ilex laevigata smooth winterberry holly Y CCu R S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Aquifoliaceae Ilex verticillata common winterberry, black holly Y CCu S5 declined? freq open swamps and wet woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Aquifoliaceae Nemopanthus mucronatus mountain holly Y CCu S S5 declined? loc abund swampy woods, sphagnum bogs Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

declined? Or Araceae Acorus americanus Acorus calamus American sweetflag Y CCr? S5 only HuV,where common ditches, wet or swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial taxonomy changed… Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 3 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

not in FCC, taxonomy Araceae Acorus calamus Acorus americanus European sweetflag N SE Vascular Forb/herb Perennial changed Araceae Arisaema dracontium green dragon Y CCr R S4 same r wet woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Araceae Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit Y S5 same c throughout Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Araceae Calla palustris wild calla, water arum Y CCr R? S5 same r swampy woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Araceae Orontium aquaticum golden club Y CCr S2 declined? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Araceae Peltandra virginica arrow-arum, green arrow-arum Y CCu S5 same? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Araceae Symplocarpus foetidus skunk cabbage Y CCg S5 same abund., but not >300m swampy places, wet woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Araliaceae Aralia hispida bristly sarsaparilla Y CCr S4 declined infreq dry rocky woods, rocky summits Vascular Subshrub Perennial Araliaceae Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla Y S5 same c woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Araliaceae Aralia racemosa Aralia racemosa American spikenard Y CCr R S5 declined freq moist rich woods, cool ravines Vascular Subshrub Perennial Araliaceae Panax quinquefolius American ginseng Y CCr R S3S4 declined infreq moist rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Araliaceae Panax trifolius dwarf ginseng Y CCu S5 declined freq moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Vine, Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia clematitis birthwort N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Aristolochiaceae Asarum canadense wild ginger, asarabacca Y CCu S5 declined c moist rich woods, floodplains Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asclepiadaceae Asclepias amplexicaulis clasping milkweed Y CCr R? S4 same r sandy fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asclepiadaceae Asclepias exaltata poke milkweed Y CCu R? S4 declined? infreq dry or moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asclepiadaceae Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed Y CCu S5 declined? freq swamps and wet grounds Vascular Herbaceous Perennial four-leaved milkweed, whorled Asclepiadaceae Asclepias quadrifolia Y CCu R? S5 declined freq dry woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial milkweed common milkweed, Kansas fields, pastures, along streams, Asclepiadaceae Asclepias syriaca Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial milkweed, silkweed often a weed Asclepias tuberosa ssp. Asclepiadaceae Asclepias tuberosa butterfly-weed, butterfly milkweed Y CCr S S4 declined infreq dry sandy or shaly soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial interior four-leaved milkweed, whorled Asclepiadaceae Asclepias verticillata Y CCr R S3 declined only HuV, infreq dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial milkweed Asclepiadaceae Asclepias viridiflora green milkweed Y CCr S2 same r dry shaly slopes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial black swallow-wort, black dog- Vine, Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum louiseae Vincetoxicum nigrum strangling vine, climbing poison, N-I SE increased occ roadsides and woods near dwellings Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Louise's swallow-wort Aspleniaceae Asplenium montanum mountain spleenwort Y CCr S2S3 not seen r, one record dry acid rocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Aspleniaceae Asplenium platyneuron Asplenium platyneuron ebony spleenwort Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq shaly soils, rocky woods, crevices Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Aspleniaceae Asplenium rhizophyllum Camptosorus rhizophyllum walking-fern spleenwort Y CCu S S4S5 same? loc abund shaded limestone rocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Aspleniaceae Asplenium ruta-muraria wall-rue spleenwort Y CCr S4 declined? infreq limestone rocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial rocky wooded slopes, crevices in Aspleniaceae Asplenium trichomanes Asplenium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Y CCu S4? declined only HuV, freq Vascular-FernFern Perennial rocks fields, roadsides, woods, often Asteraceae Achillea millefolium common yarrow N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial weedy Asteraceae Ageratina altissima Eupatorium rugosum white snakeroot Y S5 same c moist woods, thickets Vascular Herbaceous Perennial fields, roadsides and waste grounds, Asteraceae Ambrosia artemisiifolia ragweed, annual ragweed Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Annual weedy only Hu&HaV,where Asteraceae Ambrosia trifida Ambrosia trifida great ragweed Y CCg S S4 same? alluvium of larger streams Vascular Herbaceous Annual common Asteraceae Ambrosia x helenae ragweed Y CCr S1? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting Y CCu S5 declined c dry fields and edges of woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Antennaria howellii ssp. Antennaria neglecta var. dry fields and pastures, in sandy or Asteraceae Canadian pussytoes Y SNR not seen c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial canadensis canadensis stony soil Antennaria howellii ssp. Antennaria neglecta var. dry fields and pastures, in sandy or Asteraceae Howell's pussytoes Y SNR not seen c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial neodioica neodioica stony soil Antennaria neglecta var. dry fields and pastures, in sandy or Asteraceae Antennaria neglecta field pussytoes Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial neglecta stony soil Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 4 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Antennaria plantaginifolia Parlin's pussytoes, deceitful mainly in dry woods, on gravelly or Asteraceae Antennaria parlinii ssp. fallax Y CCu? SNR not seen freq throughout, c in HuV Vascular Herbaceous Perennial var. ambigens pussytoes, lady's tobacco sandy soil

Antennaria parlinii ssp. Antennaria plantaginifolia wooded slopes and banks, often in Asteraceae Parlin's pussytoes, lady's tobacco Y CCu SNR not seen local Vascular Herbaceous Perennial parlinii var. parlinii rich or calc. soil

Antennaria platnaginifolia plantain-leaf pussytoes, woman's dry woods and fields, in stony soil or Asteraceae Antennaria plantaginifolia Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial var. plantaginifolia tobacco on shales and schist rocks

Asteraceae Anthemis cotula Mayweed, stinking chamomile N SE same c cult. grds, waste grd, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Annual Asteraceae Arctium lappa greater burdock N SE same? r Vascular Forb/herb Biennial

Asteraceae Arctium minus common burdock, lesser burdock N SE same c moist soil, wast places, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Biennial

common wormwood, absinthe, Asteraceae Artemisia absinthium N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial absinthium Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris mugwort N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial shallow water at edge of ponds and Asteraceae Bidens beckii Beck's water-marigold Y CCr S3 same? r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial lakes Asteraceae Bidens bidentoides Bidens eatonii Maryland bur-marigold Y CCr S3 declined? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Annual Asteraceae Bidens cernua nodding beggar-ticks Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Bidens connata purple-stem swamp beggar-ticks Y S5 same c ditches, stream banks Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Bidens discoidea small beggar-ticks Y CCr? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Asteraceae Bidens frondosa devil's beggartick Y S5 same c wet or moist soil, cult grd, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Annual Asteraceae Bidens hyperborea estuary beggar-ticks Y CCr S1 declined? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Annual not in FCC (Dutchess Co Asteraceae Bidens laevis smooth beggartick, bur-marigold Y CCr S2 same Vascular Herbaceous Annual only) Asteraceae Bidens tripartita Bidens comosa three-lobe beggar-ticks Y CCu S5 same? infreq wet shores of lakes Vascular Forb/herb Annual Asteraceae Bidens vulgata tall bur-marigold Y CCu S5 same loc abund ditches, roads, cult. Grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual Asteraceae Cenaurea nigra black knapweed N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial brown knapweed, brown-ray Asteraceae Centaurea jacea N-I? SE increased loc very abund roadsides and old fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial knapweed, brown starthistle short-fringe starthistle, Tyrol Asteraceae Centaurea nigrescens knapweed, short-fringed N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial knapweed, vochin knapweed Centaurea stoebe ssp. spotted knapweed, spotted Asteraceae Centaurea maculosa N-I SE increased loc abund, spreading roadsides and waste grounds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial micranthos starthistle Asteraceae Cichorium intybus chicory N SE same c fields and roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Canada thistle, creeping thistle, pastures, grain fields, roadsides, Asteraceae Cirsium arvense N-I SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial field thistle cult. grd, weed fields, roadsides, on clay soils and in Asteraceae Cirsium discolor field thistle Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq Vascular Herbaceous Biennial alluvium swamp thistle, dunce-nettle, Asteraceae Cirsium muticum Y CCu? S5 declined freq swampy woods, open calc. marshes Vascular Forb/herb Biennial horsetops Asteraceae Cirsium pumilum Cirsium pumilum pasture thistle Y CCu? S5 declined freq fields and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Biennial bull thistle, common thistle, spear Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare N SE increased local fields and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Biennial thistle

Asteraceae Conyza canadensis Conyza canadensis horseweed, Canadian horseweed Y S5 increased! not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual

golden chamomile, golden Asteraceae Cota tinctoria N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial marguerite, yellow chamomile

Asteraceae Cyclachaena xanthiifolia Iva xanthifolia big marsh-elder, coarse sumpweed N SE not seen r waste grounds, weed Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Doellingeria infirma Aster infirmus cornel-leaf aster Y CCu S4 declined only Hu&HaV, freq dry sandy or shaly banks and woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

tall flat-topped white aster, parasol Asteraceae Doellingeria umbellata Aster umbellatus Y CCu S5 declined local wet woods, swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial whitetop Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 5 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

pilewort, American burnweed, Asteraceae Erechtites hieraciifolius Y S5 same freq woods, swamps, clearings Vascular Forb/herb Annual fireweed

annual fleabane, white-top fields, pastures, waste places, Asteraceae Erigeron annuus Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Annual fleabane, Easter daisy fleabane weedy

moist pastures & woods, along Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane Y CCu? S5 declined? freq Vascular Herbaceous Biennial streams Asteraceae Erigeron pulchellus Erigeron pulchellus robin's plantain Y CCu? S5 declined? freq rich woods, calc. Vascular Herbaceous Perennial fields, pastures, waste places, Asteraceae Erigeron strigosus prairie fleabane Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Annual weedy Asteraceae Eupatorium altissimum tall boneset, tall thoroughwort N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial wet places, open meadows and Asteraceae Eupatorium perfoliatum common boneset Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial swamps Eupatorium sessilifolium var. Asteraceae Eupatorium sessilifolium upland boneset Y CCr R SNR same r dry rocky hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial brittonianum Asteraceae Eurybia divaricata Aster divaricatus white wood-aster Y S5 same c dry woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Eurybia macrophylla Aster macrophyllus large-leaf aster Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq dry woodlands, rocky, acid Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Eurybia schreberi Aster schreberi Schreber's aster Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry woodlands Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Eurybia x herveyi Hervey's aster Y CCr S2? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial grass-leaved goldenrod, flat-top fields, roadsides, pastures, grassy Asteraceae Euthamia graminifolia Solidago graminifolia Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial fragrant goldenrod swamps

Asteraceae Eutrochium fistulosum hollow Joe-Pye weed Y CCu S? S5 declined? only HuV, freq moist soil, thickets, edge of water Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Eutrochium maculatum Eupatorium maculatum spotted Joe-Pye weed Y S5 same c wet or moist soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Asteraceae Eutrochium purpureum Eupatorium purpureum sweetscented Joe-Pye weed Y CCu? S5 declined? c, but never abund moist rich soil, shady places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Galinsoga parviflora small-flower quickweed N SE same locally abund waste and cult. Grds Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Galinsoga quadriradiata Galinsoga ciliata fringed quickweed, shaggy soldier N SE same locally abund waste & cult. Grd, spreading Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Gnaphalium uliginosum low cudweed N SE decreased freq wet places, ditches, roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Asteraceae Helenium autumnale common sneezeweed Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common tidal swamps and creeks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Helianthus annuus common sunflower N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Asteraceae Helianthus decapetalus thin-leaved sunflower Y CCu S5 declined? freq woods and streambanks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Helianthus divaricatus woodland sunflower Y CCu S5 declined c dry woods, open rocky hills Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Helianthus grosseserratus sawtooth sunflower N SE same r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Helianthus salicifolius willow-leaf sunflower N SE same r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Helianthus strumosus pale-leaf sunflower Y CCu S5 declined? infreq, loc abund dry woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem artichoke N SE same occ establ. in and around old yards and gardens Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Heliopsis helianthoides Heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye sunflower Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common alluvium of larger streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Hieracium paniculatum panicled hawkweed Y S5 same c dry woods, acid Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Hieracium scabrum rough hawkweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq dry fields and hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Hieracium kalmii (H. Canada hawkweed, Kalm's dry fields and woods, rocky or sandy Asteraceae Hieracium umbellatum Y CCu S4 same? only E, infreq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial canadense) hawkweed, Canadian hawkweed soil

Asteraceae Hieracium venosum rattlesnake hawkweed Y CCu S5 declined? c dry woods, clearings, sandy soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Inula helenium elecampane N SE same? locally abund dry fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial flaxleaf whitetop aster, flaxleaf Asteraceae Ionactis linariifolius Aster linariifolius Y CCr R? S4 not seen r dry rocky or sandy banks, woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial aster dry shaly hillsides in fields and Asteraceae Krigia virginica Virginia dwarf-dandelion Y CCu S S4 same? only HuV & HaV, infreq Vascular Forb/herb Annual woods Asteraceae Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Y CCu S5 declined? freq moist or swampy grd Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Biennial, Asteraceae Lactuca canadensis Canada lettuce Y CCu S5 same local moist grounds Vascular Forb/herb mostly Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 6 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Asteraceae Lapsana communis nipplewort, common nipplewort N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Scorzoneroides Asteraceae Leontodon autumnalis fall dandelion, N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial autumnalis Chrysanthemum Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy N SE same c fields and roadsides, weed Vascular Forb/herb Perennial leucanthemum

Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea Matricaria matricarioides pineapple-weed chamomile N SE same c roadsides and waste places Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Vine, Asteraceae Mikania scandens climbing hempweed Y CCu S S4 declined? only HuR, freq tidal swamps, swampy woods Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Asteraceae Oclemena acuminata Aster acuminatus whorled aster Y CCg S5 same only E, where common rocky woods, sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Oligoneuron ohioense Solidago ohioense Ohio goldenrod Y CCr S2 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial stiff-leaf goldenrod, prairie only lower Hu&HaV, loc Asteraceae Oligoneuron rigidum Solidago rigida Y CCr S2 declined? dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial goldenrod abund Asteraceae Packera aurea Senecio aureus golden ragwort Y CCu S5 same loc abund wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial shaly or calcareous hillsides and Asteraceae Packera obovata Senecio obovatus roundleaf ragwort Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial outcrops Asteraceae Pilosella aurantiaca Hieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweed N SE same c sterile fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial yellow hawkweed, meadow Asteraceae Pilosella caespitosa Hieracium pratense N SE same c fields and roadsides, dry and sterile Vascular Forb/herb Perennial hawkweed Asteraceae Pilosella officinarum Hieracium pilosella mouse-ear hawkweed N SE same? occ dry fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dry soil along roadsides, in fields Asteraceae Pilosella piloselloides Hieracium florentinum glaucous kingdevil N SE declined freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial and waste grounds Asteraceae Prenanthes alba white rattlesnakeroot Y S5 same c rich woods and swamps Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Asteraceae Prenanthes altissima tall rattlesnake-root Y CCu S5 same infreq moist rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Prenanthes trifoliolata three-leaved rattlesnake-root Y CCu S5 declined? freq moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Pseudognaphalium Asteraceae Gnaphalium macounii Macoun's cudweed Y CCu? S5 declined? infreq fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial? macounii Pseudognaphalium Asteraceae Gnaphalium obtusifolium fragrant cudweed Y CCu? S5 declined c, weedy dry fields Vascular Forb/herb Annual obtusifolium Rudbeckia hirta var. Asteraceae black-eyed Susan, gloriosa daisy N SE same c meadows and fields, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Biennial pulcherrima Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata cutleaf coneflower Y CCu S S5 declined c swamps and along streams Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Asteraceae Rudbeckia triloba browneyed Susan N SE same locally abund dry or moist, roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Perennial groundsel, common groundsel, old- Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris N SE same r garden weed Vascular Herbaceous Annual man-in-the-spring Asteraceae Sericocarpus asteroides toothed white-top aster Y CCu S5 declined freq dry woods & fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Solidago Canada goldenrod (broadly Asteraceae Y S5 same? c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial altissima/canadensis defined, incl. S. altissima)

Asteraceae Solidago arguta forest goldenrod, cutleaf goldenrod Y CCu S5 declined c rich & rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Solidago bicolor silver-rod, white goldenrod Y CCu S5 declined c dry fields and woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bluestem goldenrod, wreath Asteraceae Solidago caesia Y CCu S5 declined c woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial goldenrod zig-zag goldenrod, broad-leaved Asteraceae Solidago flexicaulis Y CCu S5 same infreq, loc abund rich moist woods and calc. talus Vascular Forb/herb Perennial goldenrod

Asteraceae Solidago gigantea smooth goldenrod, giant goldenrod Y S5 same freq wet or moist soil in open Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Solidago hispida Solidago hispida hairy goldenrod Y CCu S4 declined infreq dry fields, sandy or stony soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Solidago juncea early goldenrod Y S5 same c dry fields and woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial gray goldenrod, old-field goldenrod, Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis field goldenrod, dyersweed Y CCu S5 declined c fields, open hillsides, dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago patula Solidago patula rough-leaved goldenrod Y CCu S5 same loc abund rich, calc. soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Asteraceae Solidago puberula Solidago puberula downy goldenrod Y CCu S4 same infreq bare rocky summits Vascular Herbaceous Perennial wrinkle-leaved goldenrod, rough- Asteraceae Solidago rugosa stemmed goldenrod, tall hairy Y S5 same c fields, thickets, fencerows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial goldenrod, butterweed Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 7 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Asteraceae Solidago speciosa Solidago speciosa showy goldenrod Y CCr R? S4 same r, loc abund dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

stout goldenrod, ragged goldenrod, rocky slopes, shale, schist, Asteraceae Solidago squarrosa Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial squarrose goldenrod limestone

Asteraceae Solidago uliginosa bog goldenrod Y CCr declined infreq, loc abund marshes and wet meadows, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

dry rocky woods and slopes, shale Asteraceae Solidago ulmifolia Solidago ulmifolia elmleaf goldenrod Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial and calc. Sonchus arvensis ssp. Sonchus arvensis var. Asteraceae moist sowthistle N SE same? only HuV, freq along HuR waste places, moist soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial uliginosus glabrescens Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus common sowthistle N SE same locally abund waste places around dwellings Vascular Forb/herb Annual blue wood-aster, heart-leaved Asteraceae Symphyotrichum cordifolium Aster cordifolius Y CCu S5 declined? c woods, thickets, fencerows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial aster

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum ericoides heath aster, white heath aster Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq open fields, pastures Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum laeve Aster laevis smooth blue aster Y CCu S5 declined only HuV,where common dry fields, banks, roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Symphyotrichum wet meadows, borders of woods, Asteraceae Aster lanceolatus white panicle aster Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial lanceolatum open swamps

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Aster lateriflorus calico aster, small white aster Y S5 same c fields, etc Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Symphyotrichum novae- Asteraceae Aster novae-angliae New England aster Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common fields, pastures, edges of swamps Vascular Herbaceous Perennial angliae Asteraceae Symphyotrichum patens late purple aster Y CCu S4 declined? only Hu&HaV, freq dry hillsides and open banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum pilosum awl aster Y CCg S5 same? only HuV,where common open fields & hillsides, dry Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum praealtum Aster praealtus willowleaf aster Y CCu S5 increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Symphyotrichum Asteraceae Aster prenanthoides zig-zag aster, crookedstem aster Y CCu S5 declined only E, loc abund floodplains Vascular Forb/herb Perennial prenanthoides

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum puniceum Aster puniceus purple-stemmed aster Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Symphyotrichum Asteraceae shore aster Y CCr? S4S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial tradescantii

Asteraceae Symphyotrichum undulatum wavy-leaved aster Y CCu S5 declined c, but not abund dry woods, roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Tanacetum parthenium feather-leaf tansy N SE not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare common tansy N SE same c, but local roadsides, dooryards, streamsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Taraxacum Asteraceae Taraxacum laevigatum red-seeded dandelion N SE decreased infreq woods and shaded banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial erythrospermum lawns, cult. Grd., moist fields and Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale dandelion, common dandelion N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woods, weedy goat's-beard, meadow goat's- Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis N SE same freq roadsides and waste ground Vascular Forb/herb Biennial beard moist places along roads and Asteraceae Tussilago farfara colt's foot N SE same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial streams, in clay Asteraceae Xanthium strumarium cockle-bur Y/N CCu S5 declined c moist or cult grds, waste places Vascular Forb/herb Annual orange jewelweed, spotted Balsaminaceae Impatiens capensis jewelweed, touch-me-not, Y S5 same c wet places, woods and open Vascular Herbaceous Annual snapweed Balsaminaceae Impatiens glandulifera policeman's helmet N-I? SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Balsaminaceae Impatiens pallida yellow jewelweed, pale jewelweed Y CCu S4 same infreq, loc abund ravines and alluvial Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Berberidaceae Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial common barberry, European only HuV, where very dry woods and hillsides, esp. shales Berberidaceae Berberis vulgaris N SE declined Vascular Shrub Perennial barberry common and clay blue cohosh, squaw-root, papoose- Berberidaceae Caulophyllum thalictroides Y CCu S S5 declined? freq rich woods, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial root Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 8 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

May-apple, Indian-apple, wild- Berberidaceae Podophyllum peltatum Y CCu S S5 declined only HuV,where common moist woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial mandrake wet places in open and along speckled alder, tag alder, swamp Betulaceae Alnus incana ssp. rugosa Alnus rugosa Y S5 same? c streams, often weedy, taking over Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial alder old fields smooth alder, brook-side alder, Betulaceae Alnus serrulata Y S5 same? c margins of lakes, ponds, and bogs Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial hazel alder Betulaceae Betula alleghaniensis yellow birch Y CCg S5 same only E, where common rich woods and swamps Vascular Tree Perennial black birch, sweet birch, cherry Betulaceae Betula lenta Y S5 same c moist rocky woods Vascular Tree Perennial birch white birch, paper birch, canoe Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Y CCg S5 same only E, where common rocky woods Vascular Tree Perennial birch dry woods and open fields, weed- Betulaceae Betula populifolia gray birch, white birch, fire birch Y S5 same c Vascular Tree Perennial like on abandoned land swamp birch, bog birch, dwarf Betulaceae Betula pumila Y CCr S2 declined loc abund calc. marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial birch, low birch Betulaceae Betula x sandbergii Sandberg's hybrid birch Y CCu? S? not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub, Tree Perennial

Carpinus caroliniana ssp. musclewood, American hornbeam, Betulaceae Y S5 same c moist woods, often along streams Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial virginiana blue beech, ironwood

only Hu&HaV,where Betulaceae Corylus americana American hazelnut Y CCg S5 same? dry sandy places Vascular Shrub Perennial common Betulaceae Corylus cornuta Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut, beaked hazel Y CCg S5 same? only E, where common rocky woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Betulaceae Ostrya virginiana hop hornbeam, ironwood Y S5 same c dry, esp. rocky woods Vascular Tree Perennial not in FCC (only in Bignoniaceae Campsis radicans trumpet-creeper N SE not seen Vascular Vine Perennial notebook) Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa catalpa, northern catalpa N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Boraginaceae Buglossoides arvensis Lithospermum arvense corn-gromwell N SE decreased occ dry soil in waste places Vascular Forb/herb Annual hound's-tongue, common hound's- Boraginaceae Cynoglossum officinale N SE decreased occ woods and waste places Vascular Forb/herb Biennial tongue vipersbugloss, common Boraginaceae Echium vulgare vipersbugloss, blue-weed, blue N SE same? c in HuV, less so E dry fields and waste places, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Biennial devil

Boraginaceae Hackelia virginiana Virginia stickseed, beggarslice Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common dry woods Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Boraginaceae Lappula squarrosa Lappula echinata European stickseed N SE not seen occ waste places Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

increase, but maybe Boraginaceae Mertensia virginica Virginia bluebells Y CCu S4 all escaped not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial from cultivation?

smaller forget-me-not, wild forget- Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq wet places along streams and ponds Vascular Herbaceous Biennial me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides true forget-me-not N SE increased occ along brooks and springy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Boraginaceae Myosotis verna spring forget-me-not Y CCr S5 not seen occ? dry shaly hillsides Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale comfrey, common comfrey N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata garlic mustard N-I SE increased occ roadsides and cult grd Vascular Herbaceous Biennial lyre-leaved rockcress, lyrate Brassicaceae Arabidopsis lyrata Arabis lyrata Y CCu S5 declined? loc abund shales and limestones Vascular Forb/herb Biennial rockcress Biennial/P Brassicaceae Arabis glabra tower mustard, tower rockcress N increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous erennial Arabis hirsuta var. hairy rock-cress, creamflower Brassicaceae Arabis hirsuta Y CCu S S5? declined? loc abund rocky calc ledges Vascular Herbaceous Biennial pycnocarpa rockcress escaping from cult into ditches and Brassicaceae Armoracia rusticana horseradish N SE declined? occ Vascular Forb/herb Perennial alluvial grds Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris wintercress, yellow rocket N SE same freq cult and moist grds Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Brassicaceae Berteroa incana alyssum, hoary false madwort N SE increased r weed on roadside Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 9 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Brassicaceae Boechera canadensis Arabis canadensis sicklepod Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq dry woods on shale and limestones Vascular Forb/herb Biennial

Brassicaceae Boechera laevigata Arabis laevigata smooth rock-cress Y CCu S5 declined freq rich or moist woods on ledges Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Brassicaceae Brassica nigra black mustard N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual shepherd's purse, common Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris N SE same c cultivated and waste grounds Vascular Forb/herb Annual shepherd's purse Brassicaceae Cardamine bulbosa Cardamine rhomboidea bulbous bittercress Y CCu S S5 declined? only HuV, freq wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Brassicaceae Cardamine concatenata Dentaria laciniata cutleaf toothwort Y CCu S5 declined? local rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial broad-leaved toothwor, two-leaf Brassicaceae Cardamine diphylla Y CCu S5 declined? c rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial toothwort narrowleaf bittercress, bushy rock- Brassicaceae Cardamine impatiens N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Biennial cress Brassicaceae Cardamine longii Long's bitter-cress Y CCr S2 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Dentaria laciniata x Brassicaceae Cardamine maxima large toothwort Y CCr S4 same infreq, loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial diphylla Cardamine parviflora var. Brassicaceae Cardamine parviflora small-flower bitter-cress Y CCu S S4 declined only E >300m, freq rocky ledges, on schist and quartzite Vascular Forb/herb Annual arenicola springy places and margins of Brassicaceae Cardamine pensylvanica Pennyslvania bittercress Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Biennial streams Brassicaceae Cardamine pratensis cuckooflower N? S5 not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Brassicaceae Erysimum cheiranthoides wormseed wallflower N SE increase? garden weed Vascular Herbaceous Biennial dame's-rocket, mother-of-the- Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis N-I SE increased! occ roadsides and along streams Vascular Herbaceous Biennial evening, dame's-violet Brassicaceae Lepidium campestre field pepperweed N SE increased local waste places, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Biennial wild peppergrass, poor-man's Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum Y CCu S5 declined? c roadsides, fields, cult grd, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Biennial pepper Brassicaceae Nasturtium microphyllum onerow yellowcress N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rorippa nasturtium- Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale watercress N-I SE same infreq, loc abund in streams and springs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial aquaticum

Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish N SE same c cult fields and waste grounds, weed Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Brassicaceae Rorippa palustris bog yellowcress Y/N CCu? S5 declined? c wet places along streams Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Brassicaceae Sinapis arvensis corn mustard N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Brassicaceae Sisymbrium altissimum tumblemustard, tall tumblemustard N SE same? infreq waste places Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

hedgemustard, hairy-pod Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale N SE same c wast and cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual hedgemustard Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense field penny-cress N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Japanese pachysandra, Japanese Buxaceae Pachysandra terminalis N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial spurge water-shield, purple wen-dock, Cabombaceae Brasenia schreberi Y CCr S5 same? r, one record ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial water-target Shrub, Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa prickly-pear, eastern prickly-pear Y CCr S S4 r, one location dry shaly slopes of Mt Merino Vascular Perennial Subshrub

Callitrichaceae Callitriche hermaphroditica autumnal water-starwort Y CCr? S1 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

diverse-leaved water-starwort, Callitrichaceae Callitriche heterophylla Callitriche heterophylla Y CCu S5 same? infreq shallow streams and pools Vascular Herbaceous Annual twoheaded water-starwort

Callitrichaceae Callitriche palustris Callitriche verna vernal water-starwort Y S5 same? freq shallow streams and pools Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Callitrichaceae Callitriche stagnalis pond water-starwort N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Callitrichaceae Callitriche terrestris terrestrial water-starwort Y CCr S2S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Campanulaceae Campanula aparinoides marsh bellflower Y CCu S5 declined freq wet meadows, neutr. or calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Campanulaceae Campanula rapunculoides creeping bellflower N SE declined c, locally abundant roadsides and old dooryards Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Campanulaceae Campanula rotundifolia American harebell Y CCr S4S5 decreased freq steep rocky hillsides and bluffs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 10 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Campanulastrum Campanulaceae Campanula americana tall bellflower Y CCh S1 same r, historical records only Vascular Forb/herb Perennial americanum

Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis cardinal flower Y CCu S4S5 decreased only HuV,where common margins of streams and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Campanulaceae Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco Y S5 same c dry fields, woods, roadsides, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Campanulaceae Lobelia kalmii Kalm's lobelia Y CCu S S5 same? loc abund calc. marshes and meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Campanulaceae Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia Y CCu S5 declined only HuV,where common wet woods and swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

only Hu&HaV,where Campanulaceae Lobelia spicata spiked lobelia, pale-spiked lobelia Y CCu S5 declined pastures, rich fields, wooded banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common Campanulaceae Triodanis perfoliata Triodanis perfoliata clasping Venus' looking-glass Y CCu S5 declined c, weedy dry woods and clearings Vascular Forb/herb Annual hemp, marihuana (marijuana), pot, Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual grass, maryjane, cannabis Cannabaceae Humulus japonicus Japanese hops N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Vine, Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus common hop, hops N S5 same occ escaped near dwellings Vascular Perennial Forb/herb sand and gravel bars in larger Capparidaceae Polanisia dodecandra common clammy-weed N SE declined only HuV, freq Vascular Forb/herb Annual streams Caprifoliaceae Diervilla lonicera northern bush-honeysuckle Y CCu S5 declined? c dry woods and thickets Vascular Shrub Perennial freq/c both on shales in Caprifoliaceae Lonicera canadensis American fly-honeysuckle Y CCu R S5 declined? ravines and rocky woods Vascular Shrub Perennial HuV and >300m wild honeysuckle, limber Caprifoliaceae Lonicera dioica var. dioica Lonicera dioica Y CCu S? S5 declined? c dry rocky woods and banks Vascular Shrub Perennial honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera hirsuta Lonicera hirsuta hairy honeysuckle Y CCr S4 same? r dry sandy soil, edge of woods Vascular Vine Perennial Caprifoliaceae Lonicera maackii Amur honeysuckle N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Caprifoliaceae Lonicera morrowii/bella Morrow's/Bell's honeysuckle N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Caprifoliaceae Lonicera sempervirens trumpet honeysuckle Y CCu R? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Vine Perennial escaped from cult. In woods and Caprifoliaceae Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle N SE increased occ Vascular Shrub Perennial along roadsides Caprifoliaceae Lonicera villosa Lonicera villosa mountain fly-honeysuckle Y CCr S3? same? r wooded sphagnum bog Vascular Shrub Perennial Caprifoliaceae Lonicera xylosteum European fly-honey-suckle N-I? SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Sambucus nigra ssp. only Hu&HaV,where Caprifoliaceae Sambucus canadensis common elderberry Y CCg S5 same moist grounds Vascular Shrub Perennial canadensis common Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa Sambucus racemosa red elderberry Y CCg S5 same? only E >300m, freq cool rocky woods, gorges Vascular Shrub Perennial

Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos orbiculatus coral-berry N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial

horse-gentian, orange-fruited horse- Caprifoliaceae Triosteum aurantiacum Triosteum perfoliatum Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry or moist woods, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial gentian, coffee tinker's-weed

Caprifoliaceae Viburnum acerifolium mapleleaf viburnum Y S5 same c woods and thickets Vascular Shrub Perennial Viburnum dentatum var. Caprifoliaceae Viburnum recognitum arrowwood, northern arrowwood Y S5 same c open swamps in moist woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial lucidum Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lantana wayfaring-tree N SE not seen r, one record Mount Merino Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lantanoides Viburnum alnifolium hobblebush, alderleaf viburnum Y CCu R? S5 declined? only E >300m, freq ravines and cold woods Vascular Shrub Perennial Caprifoliaceae Viburnum lentago nannyberry Y S5 same freq swamps and moist woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Viburnum nudum var. Caprifoliaceae Viburnum cassinoides wild raisin, northern wild raisin Y CCu S5 same? infreq swamps and borders of ponds Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial cassinoides Viburnum opulus var. Caprifoliaceae Viburnum opulus highbush cranberry Y CCu R S4 declined? freq E, r HuV swamps, dry woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial americanum Caprifoliaceae Viburnum rafinesquianum downy arrow-wood Y CCu S S5 same? infreq, loc abund dry rocky hillsides, calc. Vascular Shrub Perennial

Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia thyme-leaf sandwort N SE same infreq dry gravelly or rocky places, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Annual

bare rocky slopes (but also in Caryophyllaceae Cerastium arvense (incl. native C. strictum) American field chickweed Y/N CCr SE same r, only on high hills E Vascular Forb/herb Perennial disturbed areas) Cerastium fontanum ssp. mouse-eared chickweed, big Caryophyllaceae Cerastium vulgatum N SE same c woods and cultivated grds Vascular Herbaceous Biennial vulgare chickweed Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 11 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium nutans Cerastium nutans nodding chickweed Y CCu S5 not seen infreq shaly quarry bank, etc Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria Deptford pink N SE increased freq waste places, old yards, roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus deltoides maiden-pink N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Caryophyllaceae Lychnis flos-cuculi ragged-robin N SE increased! r, one record from 1891 Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Caryophyllaceae Minuartia michauxii Michaux's stitchwort Y ?CC S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial grove sandwort, blunt-leaf Caryophyllaceae Moehringia lateriflora Arenaria lateriflora Y CCu S5 same? loc abund wet meadows, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial sandwort Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum Stellaria aquatica giant chickweed N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial forked-chickweed, forked nail-wort, Caryophyllaceae Paronychia canadensis Y CCu S5 declined? c dry rocky woods and banks Vascular Forb/herb Annual smooth-forked nailwort forked-chickweed, cluster- Caryophyllaceae Paronychia fastigiata Paronychia fastigiata stemmed nail-wort, hairy forked Y CCr S4 not seen r, two locations sandy soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual nailwort Caryophyllaceae Sagina japonica Japanese pearlwort N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Caryophyllaceae Sagina procumbens procumbent pearlwort N SE not seen only E springy places and wet rocks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Caryophyllaceae Saponaria officinalis bouncing-bet N SE same c waste places and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial sandy fields and waste places, Caryophyllaceae Scleranthus annuus knawel, annual knawel N SE decreased freq Vascular Forb/herb Annual weedy Caryophyllaceae Silene antirrhina sleepy catchfly Y CCu S5 declined? infreq dry rocky woods and banks Vascular Forb/herb Annual Silene caroliniana ssp. dry woods, on shaly or schistose Caryophyllaceae Pennsylvania catchfly Y CCr S2 declined only S, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pensylvanica rock white campion, bladder campion, Biennial, Caryophyllaceae Silene latifolia Lychnis alba N SE same occ roadside weed Vascular Forb/herb white cockle mostly Caryophyllaceae Silene noctiflora night-flowering catchfly N SE not seen r, a single specimen Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris Silene cucubalus bladder campion, maiden's tears N SE same locally abund fields and roadsides, weed Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

cornspurry, corn spurrey, stickwort, Caryophyllaceae Spergula arvensis N SE same r cultivated grd, weed Vascular Forb/herb Annual starwort middle-size sand-spurry, greater Annual or Caryophyllaceae Spergularia maritima Spergularia media N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb sea-spurry Perennial purple sand-spurry, red sand- Caryophyllaceae Spergularia rubra N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual spurry no CC record, maybe Caryophyllaceae Stellaria borealis Stellaria calycantha northern stitchwort, boreal starwort Y CCu S5 same? cool, moist places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial only in MA?

common stitchwort, little starwort, moist grassy places (roadsides, Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea grass-leaved stitchwort, grass- N SE same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial meadows) leaved starwort

longleaf stitchwort, long-leaved Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longifolia Y CCu? S5 not seen poorly known moist grassy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial starwort weed of cult grounds, lawns and Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media common chickweed N SE same freq Vascular Herbaceous Annual forest Caryophyllaceae Vaccaria hispanica Saponaria vaccaria cowcockle, cowherb N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Annual Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus Oriental bittersweet N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Vine Perennial American bittersweet, climbing Celastraceae Celastrus scandens Y CCr S? S3 declined! c dry woods and fencerows Vascular Vine Perennial bittersweet Celastraceae Euonymus alatus winged burning bush N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus European spindletree N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Euonymus fortunei var. winter creeper, climbing spindle- Celastraceae N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Vine, Shrub Perennial radicans tree common coontail, common ponds and sluggish streams, incl Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial hornwort, common hornweed Hudson

Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum echinatum prickly coontail, prickly hornwort Y CCu S3 increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

halberd-leaf saltbush, spear orach, Chenopodiaceae Atriplex patula Y CCr S5 same? r weed in cult grounds Vascular Forb/herb Annual spearscale Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 12 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album lambs-quarters N SE same c fields, gardens, woods Vascular Forb/herb Annual Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium glaucum oakleaf goosefoot N SE same? infreq mudflats Vascular Forb/herb Annual Chenopodium giant-seed goosefoot, maple-leaf Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium simplex gigantospermum Y CCu S5 same? infreq woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Annual goosefoot (=Ch.simplex) used to be common on a certain Chenopodiaceae Cycloloma atriplicifolium winged pigweed N SE not seen r, very local Vascular Forb/herb Annual sand flat Chenopodium Chenopodiaceae Dysphania ambrosioides Mexican tea, worm-seed N SE not seen infreq waste places along HuR Vascular Herbaceous Annual ambrosioides

Chenopodiaceae Dysphania botrys Chenopodium botrys Jerusalem-oak, feather-geranium N SE not seen infreq dry gravelly situations Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Chenopodiaceae Kochia scoparia Mexican summer-cypress N SE not seen occ escaped from cult. Vascular Forb/herb Annual slender Russian thistle, Chenopodiaceae Salsola collina Salsola kali N SE not seen locally abund sand and dry places along HuR Vascular Herbaceous Annual tumbleweed Russian thistle, tumbleweed, Chenopodiaceae Salsola tragus N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual prickly Russian thistle Cistaceae Crocanthemum bicknellii Helianthemum bicknellii hoary frostweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq old fields, gravelly or sandy soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Cistaceae Crocanthemum canadense Helianthemum canadense longbranch frostweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq old fields, gravelly or sandy soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Cistaceae Lechea intermedia Lechea intermedia largepod pinweed Y CCu S5 declined c dry fields, thickets, edges of woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Clethraceae Clethra alnifolia pepper-bush, coast pepper-bush Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial

alluvial or rocky soil near large Clusiaceae Hypericum ascyron Hypericum pyramidatum great St. John's-wort Y CCr S3 decreased infreq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial streams Clusiaceae Hypericum boreale northern St. John's-wort Y CCr S5 not seen r muddy pond and lakeshores Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Clusiaceae Hypericum canadense Canadian St. John's-wort Y CCu S5 increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Clusiaceae Hypericum ellipticum pale St. John's-wort Y CCr S5 not seen r moist meadows and banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Clusiaceae Hypericum gentianoides orange-grass St. John's-wort Y CCr S? S5 declined only Hu&HaV, freq dry sandy, gravelly soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Clusiaceae Hypericum majus larger Canadian St. John's-wort Y CCu S5 same? infreq or r moist meadows and banks Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Clusiaceae Hypericum mutilum dwarf St. John's-wort Y CCu S5 declined c wet soil in ditches etc Vascular Herbaceous Perennial dry soil in fields and waste grds, Clusiaceae Hypericum perforatum common St. John's-wort N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial weed Clusiaceae Hypericum prolificum shrubby St. John's-wort Y CCr S2 increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial moist soil, in woods and along Clusiaceae Hypericum punctatum spotted St. John's-wort Y CCu S5 declined c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial streams Clusiaceae Triadenum fraseri marsh St. John's-wort Y CCr S5 declined infreq swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Clusiaceae Triadenum virginicum marsh St. John's-wort Y CCu S5 declined c swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Commelina communis var. Commelinaceae Asiatic dayflower N SE same? local dry soil, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Annual ludens Vine, Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium Convolvulus sepium hedge false bindweed N SE same c weed, woods, thickets, cult grd Vascular Perennial Forb/herb dry sandy or shaly fields and Vine, Convolvulaceae Calystegia spithamaea Convolvulus spithamaeus low false bindweed Y CCu S5 declined? infreq Vascular hillsides Forb/herb Vine, Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed N SE same locally established dry fields and roadsides, weed Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Cornaceae Cornus alternifolia alternate-leaf dogwood Y CCu S? S5 same? freq but solitary woods and occ. Fields Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Cornaceae Cornus amomum silky dogwood Y S5 same c open swamps, shores Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial bunchberry, dwarf dogwood, Cornaceae Cornus canadensis pudding berry, crackerberry, dwarf Y CCu S4S5 declined only E, freq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial cornel only Hu&HaV,where Cornaceae Cornus florida flowering dogwood Y CCg S4S5 same? woods, occ fields and fencerows Vascular Tree Perennial common

Cornaceae Cornus racemosa gray dogwood Y S5 same c dry woods and fields, fencerows Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Cornaceae Cornus rugosa roundleaf dogwood Y CCu R? S5 declined freq dry rocky hillsides and cliffs, calc Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 13 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Cornaceae Cornus sericea Cornus sericea red osier dogwood Y CCu S5 declined? c open swampy places Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Crassulaceae Hylotelephium telephium Sedum purpureum garden stonecrop N SE increased occ escaped from cultiv. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Crassulaceae Penthorum sedoides ditch-stonecrop Y CCu S5 declined? c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Crassulaceae Sedum acre gold-moss N SE same local shaly ledges, sand flats Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Crassulaceae Sedum ternatum wood stonecrop N SE increased local lawn Vascular Forb/herb Perennial wild cucumber, prickly cucumber, Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis lobata Y S5 same freq along larger streams Vascular Vine Annual wild balsam-apple burr cucumber, one-seeded burr Cucurbitaceae Sicyos angulatus Y CCu S5 declined only Hu&HaV, freq thickets along streams Vascular Vine Annual cucumber Juniperus communis var. Cupressaceae Juniperus communis juniper, dwarf juniper Y CCu S4 same local dry woods and fields Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial depressa only HuV, where Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana red cedar, savin Y CCg S5 same woods and open fields, calc. shales Vascular Tree Perennial abundant northern white cedar, arbor-vitae, steep shale banks and outcrops Cupressaceae Thuja occidentalis Y CCu S S5 same only HuR, loc abund Vascular Tree Perennial arborvitae near river Vine, Cuscutaceae Cuscuta epithymum clover dodder N SE not seen r, found once on legume host Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Gronovius dodder, scaldweed, Vine, Cuscutaceae Cuscuta gronovii common dodder, love dodder, Y S5 same c parasitic on various species Vascular Perennial Forb/herb swamp dodder tidal marshes of HuR, Kinderhook Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus fluviatilis Scirpus fluviatilis river bulrush Y CCu S5 same? locally very abund Vascular Graminoid Perennial Lake Cyperaceae Bulbostylis capillaris Bulbostylis capillaris densetuft hairsedge Y CCu S S5 same? infreq, loc abund sandy or dry soil Vascular Herbaceous Annual Cyperaceae Carex abscondita thicket sedge Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex aestivalis summer sedge Y CCg S4 not seen only E rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex alata broadwing sedge Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex albicans Carex artitecta bellow-beaked sedge Y CCu S5 not seen freq dry banks, sandy or calc. Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex albursina white bear sedge Y CCg S5 same? only E rich woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial

not in FCC [C. amphibola Cyperaceae Carex amphibola narrow-leaved sedge Y CCr S1 not seen in FCC refers to what is Vascular Graminoid Perennial now called C. grisea]

Cyperaceae Carex annectens yellow-fruited sedge Y S5 same? freq meadows and dry grassy woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex appalachica Appalachian sedge Y CCu S5 increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Carex aquatilis (=C. Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis water sedge Y CCu S5 same? local? calc. marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial substricta) drooping woodland sedge, black Cyperaceae Carex arctata Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial sedge

Cyperaceae Carex argyrantha hay sedge, silvery-flowered sedge Y CCg S4 same? only E, freq rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex atherodes awned sedge Y CCr S3 not seen r, one record pond Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex atlantica prickly bog sedge, Atlantic sedge Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex aurea golden-fruited sedge Y CCr R S5 not seen r moist rich woods and meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex baileyi Bailey's sedge Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex bebbii Bebb's sedge Y CCu? S5 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex bicknellii Bicknell's sedge Y CCr S3 declined? infreq dry shaly banks Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex billingsii Billings' sedge Y CCr? S3S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial charming woodland sedge, Cyperaceae Carex blanda Y S5 same freq rich woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial woodland sedge

Carex brevior (clarify Cyperaceae Carex brevior taxonomy with C.molesta; fescue sedge Y CCr R S5 same? r woods and thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial C.merrill-fernaldii)

Cyperaceae Carex bromoides Carex bromoides bromelike sedge Y CCu S5? same? infreq rich or moist woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 14 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Cyperaceae Carex brunnescens Carex brunnescens bromelike sedge Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex bushii Bush's sedge Y CCr S3 declined? only HuV, infreq rich meadowland Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex buxbaumii Buxbaum's sedge Y CCr S2 not seen r swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex canescens silvery sedge, hoary sedge Y CCu SNR declined? loc abund Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex cephalophora oval-leaved sedge Y S5 same? freq dry meadows and hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex communis fibrous-root sedge Y S5 same? freq dry rocky soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex comosa bristly sedge Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex conoidea openfield sedge Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq moist meadows Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex crawfordii Crawford's sedge Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex crinita fringed sedge Y S5 same c swampy places, streambeds Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex cristatella crested sedge Y CCg S5 same only Hu&HaV, freq wet meadows and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex cryptolepis northeastern sedge Y CCr S3 declined? occ? wet meadows, calc. marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex cumulata clustered sedge Y CCr S2S3 not seen r shaly banks and ledges Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex davisii Davis' sedge Y CCu S2 same? local? allivial forest in calc areas Vascular Graminoid Perennial rocky woods on schistose and Cyperaceae Carex debilis var. rudgei Carex debilis var. debilis white-edge sedge, weak sedge Y CCg S5 same only SE Vascular Graminoid Perennial quartz rock Cyperaceae Carex deweyana Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge Y CCr S5 same r rich or moist woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex diandra lesser panicled sedge Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex digitalis slender woodland sedge Y S5 same? freq dry woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex disperma softleaf sedge Y CCu S5 same? loc abund wet sphagnous woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex eburnea bristleleaf sedge Y CCr S4 same? r limestone ledges Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex echinata little prickly sedge Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex festucacea fescue sedge Y CCr? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex flava yellow sedge Y CCg S5 same only E, freq rich or calc meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex foenea Carex aena (in FCC) dryspike sedge Y CCr R S5 not seen r dry woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex formosa handsome sedge Y CCr S2 not seen r, one record calc. woods & thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex glaucodea blue sedge Y CCr S2S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex gracilescens slender sedge Y CCu S5 same only HuV, infreq? woods and moist thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex gracillima graceful sedge Y S5 same c moist and rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex granularis incl. Carex haleana limestone meadow sedge Y S5 same freq moist meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex grayi Gray's sedge Y CCg S? S5 same? only HuV, freq wet woods, alluvial soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial used to be lumped with eastern narrow-leaved sedge, gray Cyperaceae Carex grisea Y CCg S5 same? only HuV, freq moist or dry thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Carex amphibola sedge Cyperaceae Carex gynandra mountain fringed sedge Y CCu S5 not seen distr. not well known swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Carex complanatum var. Cyperaceae Carex hirsutella hirsute sedge Y S5 same c dry woods & thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial hirsuta Cyperaceae Carex hirta hammer sedge N SE not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex hirtifolia pubescent sedge Y S4 same freq wet meadows, floodplains Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex hitchcockiana Hitchcock's sedge Y CCr S3 not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex hystericina porcupine sedge Y CCu S5 same infreq swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex interior inland sedge Y CCu S5 local? swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex intumescens bladder sedge Y S5 same? c swampy woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex lacustris lake-bank sedge Y CCg S5 same? only Hu&HaV, freq open grassy marshes, calc Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex laevivaginata smooth-sheath sedge Y CCr S5 same r wet meadows and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Carex lasiocarpa ssp. Cyperaceae Carex lasiocarpa American woollyfruit sedge Y CCr S5 same? local swampy places, sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial americana Cyperaceae Carex laxiculmis Carex laxiculmis spreading sedge Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq dry woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex laxiflora broad looseflower sedge Y CCu S5 same c, widely distributed woods, rich soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex leptalea bristly-stalk sedge Y CCu S5 same? loc abund bogs, usually sphagnum Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 15 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Cyperaceae Carex leptonervia finely-nerved sedge Y CCg S5 same only E rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex limosa mud sedge Y CCr S5 declined? infreq sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial only Hu&HaV,where Cyperaceae Carex lupulina hop sedge Y CCg S5 same swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial common Cyperaceae Carex lurida shallow sedge Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex molesta troublesome sedge Y CCr S2S3 not seen r, one record swamp Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex muehlenbergii Carex muhlenbergii Muhlenberg's sedge Y CCr R? S4S5 declined? infreq dry soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex normalis greater straw sedge Y S5 same? freq? banks, open woods, thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex novae-angliae New England sedge Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex oligocarpa eastern few-fruit sedge Y CCr S4 not seen r dry rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial C. laxiflora var. FNYA: sandy and coarse grained Cyperaceae Carex ormostachya necklace spike sedge Y CCr? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial ormostachya soils, gravel pits Cyperaceae Carex pallescens pale sedge Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq meadows and dry banks Vascular Graminoid Perennial pedunculate sedge, long-stalked Cyperaceae Carex pedunculata Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq dry rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial sedge Cyperaceae Carex pellita Carex languinosa woolly sedge Y CCg S5 same? only HuV, freq moist meadows and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge Y CCg S5 same c E, less in HuV dry sandy & rocky places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex plantaginea plantain-leaved sedge Y CCr R S5 increased? r, one record rich rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex platyphylla broad-leaved sedge Y CCu S5 declined c dry wooded hills Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex prairea prairie sedge Y CCr R S5 same local? calc marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex prasina drooping sedge Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq moist places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex projecta necklace sedge Y CCr? S5 not seen r? Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus Carex pseudo-cyperus cyperus-like sedge Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record lake marsh Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex radiata stellate sedge Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq moist woods and thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex retroflexa reflexed sedge Y CCr S2S3 decreased? only HuV, infreq Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex retrorsa retrorse sedge Y CCu O? S5 declined? only Hu&HaV, freq swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex rosea rosy sedge Y S5 same freq woods & thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex scabrata rough sedge Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq swampy woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex schweinitzii Schweinitz's sedge Y CCr S3 not seen local swamps or springy banks Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex scoparia broom sedge Y S5 same c meadows & thickets, moist soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex siccata dryspike sedge Y CCr S5 not seen r dry woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex sparganioides bur-reed sedge Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq woods & thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex spicata prickly sedge N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Sprengel's sedge, long-beaked Cyperaceae Carex sprengelii Y CCu R? S5 increased r, one record alluv woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial sedge

Cyperaceae Carex squarrosa squarrose sedge Y CCu S5 same only HuV & HaV, infreq wet meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex sterilis dioecious sedge Y CCu S? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex stipata owlfruit sedge, stalk-grain sedge Y S5 same c wet meadows & swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex stricta tussock sedge Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex swanii swan sedge Y CCu S5 declined freq dry woods and thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex tenera quill sedge Y CCu S5 same c, widely distributed moist meadows & thickets Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Carex tetanica rigid sedge Y CCu R S4S5 same? local? calc marshes Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Carex tonsa var. Cyperaceae umbel-like sedge Y ? S5 not seen dry sandy & rocky places Vascular Graminoid Perennial rugosperma Cyperaceae Carex tonsa var. tonsa shaved sedge Y CCu? S5 declined? c, throughout dry sandy & rocky places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex torta twisted sedge Y CCg S5 same only E, freq wet places, rocky streambeds Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex tribuloides blunt broom sedge Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq wet or muddy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex trichocarpa hairy-fruit sedge Y CCu O? S4 same infreq wet meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 16 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Cyperaceae Carex trisperma three-seeded sedge Y CCu S5 same local sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial open swampy places and wet Cyperaceae Carex tuckermanii Tuckerman's sedge Y CCu S5 not seen infreq Vascular Graminoid Perennial meadows Cyperaceae Carex typhina cat-tail sedge Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Carex tonsa (C. Cyperaceae Carex umbellata hidden sedge Y CCu? O? S5 decreased? c, throughout dry sandy or rocky soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial rugosperma) Cyperaceae Carex utriculata beaked sedge Y CCu S5 declined freq, not NE swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex vesicaria inflated sedge Y CCu S5 same? infreq swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex virescens ribbed sedge Y CCu S5 same? infreq dry woods and thickets Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex viridula Carex viridula little green sedge, greenish sedge Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Carex vulpinoidea fox sedge Y S5 same c wet meadows & swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex willdenowii Willdenow's sedge Y CCr S2S3 same r dry woods, acid soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Carex woodii pretty sedge Y CCr? S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Cladium mariscoides twig rush Y CCr S S5 not seen r bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial slender flatsedge, shining Cyperaceae Cyperus bipartitus Cyperus rivularis Y CCu S5 declined c, but not NE wet creek banks, calc. marshes Vascular Graminoid Annual flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus diandrus umbrella flatsedge Y CCu S5? same? infreq wet lakeshores Vascular Herbaceous Annual Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos redroot flatsedge Y CCr S3 not seen r, one record dredged up sand of Nutten Hook Vascular Herbaceous Annual Cyperus esculentus var. yellow nutsedge, nut-grass, chufa Cyperaceae N SE same freq moist open places, cult. Grds Vascular Graminoid Perennial leptostachyus flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus houghtonii Houghton's umbrella-sedge Y CCr S3 not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperus lupulinus ssp. Cyperaceae Cyperus filiculmis Great Plains flatsedge Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq dry, shaly or sandy hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial macilentus

Cyperaceae Cyperus odoratus fragrant flatsedge, rusty flatsedge Y CCr S3 declined? occ., loc abund sandy soil near tide water along HuR Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Cyperaceae Cyperus schweinitzii Schweinitz's flatsedge Y CCr S2S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Cyperus squarrosus Cyperus inflexus awned cyperus Y CCu S5 same only HuV, infreq moist grd along streams Vascular Graminoid Annual false nutsedge, straw-colored Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus Y CCg S5 increased? only HuV, freq moist soil, often along streams Vascular Graminoid Perennial flatsedge

Cyperaceae Dulichium arundinaceum Dulichium arundinaceum threeway sedge Y CCu S5 declined? freq swamps and along streams Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Eleocharis acicularis needle spikerush Y S5 same freq muddy borders of ponds Vascular Herbaceous Annual Cyperaceae Eleocharis aestuum tidal spikerush Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial incl. Eleocharis tenuis var. Cyperaceae Eleocharis elliptica slender spike-rush Y S5 same? freq wet meadows, swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial borealis Cyperaceae Eleocharis engelmannii Engelmann spike-rush Y CCr S1 not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Annual wet meadows, stream banks, Cyperaceae Eleocharis erythropoda Eleocharis calva bald spikerush Y S5 same? freq Vascular Graminoid Perennial borders of ponds

marshes S of Knickerbocker Lake; Eleocharis flavescens var. Cyperaceae Eleocharis olivacea yellow spikerush, green spikerush Y CCr R S5 not seen r, one record Hudsonia: floating peatmats in Vascular Graminoid Perennial olivacea circumneutral bog lakes

Cyperaceae Eleocharis intermedia matted spikerush Y CCu S4 same? loc abund calc. marshes Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Cyperaceae Eleocharis obtusa blunt spike-rush Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Herbaceous Perennial only HuV, exclusive to Cyperaceae Eleocharis ovata ovate spike-rush Y CCr S1S2 same? tidal mud Vascular Herbaceous Perennial tidal mud creeping spike-rush, common Cyperaceae Eleocharis palustris incl. Eleocharis smallii Y CCu S5 same? infreq borders of lakes and ponds Vascular Graminoid Perennial spike-rush, marsh spike-rush Cyperaceae Eriophorum gracile slender cotton-grass Y CCr S4 not seen r floating bog Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Eriophorum vaginatum tussock cottongrass Y CCr R S5 not seen r sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Eriophorum virginicum tawny cotton-grass Y CCr S5 declined? locally abund sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Eriophorum viridicarinatum green keeled cottongrass Y CCr S5 declined? freq swampy meadows, bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 17 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Cyperaceae Fimbristylis autumnalis slender fimbry Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record muddy shores of No-Bottom-Pond Vascular Graminoid Annual

Cyperaceae Rhynchospora alba white beakrush Y CCu S5 declinedd? loc abund wet meadows and sphagnum bogs Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Rhynchospora capillacea horned beakrush Y CCr S4 not seen r calc meadows and marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Rhynchospora capitellata brownish beakrush Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial swampy borders of lakes, ponds, Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus acutus Scirpus acutus hard-stemmed bulrush Y CCu S5 same infreq Vascular Graminoid Perennial tidal marshes three-square bulrush, Olney's three- Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus americanus Scirpus americanus Y CCu S5 same locally dense growth tidal flats & marshes HuR Vascular Graminoid Perennial square bulrush common three-square bulrush, Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens three-square bulrush, chair- Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial maker's rush weak-stalk bulrush, weak-stalk club- Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus purshianus Y CCr S3? not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual rush tidal mud of HuR, Knickerbocker Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus smithii Scirpus smithii Smith's bulrush Y CCu S4 same? locally abund Vascular Graminoid Annual Lake Schoenoplectus Cyperaceae Scirpus subterminalis water bulrush Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial subterminalis Schoenoplectus Cyperaceae Scirpus validus soft-stem bulrush, great bulrush Y CCu S5 declined freq swamps, bogs, along streams Vascular Graminoid Perennial tabernaemontani Torrey's bulrush, Torrey's three- Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus torreyi Scirpus torreyi Y CCr S2? not seen r, one record swampy border of pond Vascular Graminoid Perennial square bulrush swamps and marshy borders of Cyperaceae Scirpus atrocinctus black-girdle woolgrass Y CCu S5 same? infreq Vascular Graminoid Perennial ponds Cyperaceae Scirpus atrovirens prob.incl. S.hattorianus darkgreen bulrush Y S5 same c wet meadows and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial swamps and borders of ponds and Cyperaceae Scirpus cyperinus common woolgrass Y S5 same c Vascular Graminoid Perennial streams Scirpus atrovirens var. Cyperaceae Scirpus georgianus Georgia bulrush Y CCr S1 not seen r, one record border of No-Bottom-Pond Vascular Graminoid Perennial georgianus was prob. included in taxonomic Cyperaceae Scirpus hattorianus mosquito bulrush Y S5 not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Scirpus atrovirens change Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus small-fruit bulrush Y CCu S5 not seen infreq moist meadows, more abund N Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Scirpus pedicellatus stalked woolgrass Y CCr S5 not seen r wet meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Scirpus pendulus Scirpus lineatus pendulous bulrush Y CCu S5 increased? loc very abund calc marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Scirpus polyphyllus leafy bulrush Y CCu R?S? S5 not seen infreq moist meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Cyperaceae Trichophorum alpinum Scirpus hudsonianus alpine cotton-grass Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record floating bog Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Cyperaceae Trichophorum planifolium Scirpus verecundus bashful bulrush Y CCu S5 same infreq. but widely distr. dry woody hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia punctilobula eastern hay-scented fern Y S5 increased! freq E, local in HuV woods and swamps Vascular-FernFern Perennial Pteridium aquilinum var. Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium latiusculum eastern bracken, bracken fern Y S5 same c poor and sandy soils Vascular-FernFern Perennial latiusculum Dipsacaceae Dipsacus laciniatus Dipsacus sylvestris teasel, cut-leaf teasel N-I SE increased occ fields and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Droseraceae Drosera intermedia spoon-leaved sundew Y CCr R S4 declined loc abund sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia Dorsera rotundifolia roundleaf sundew Y CCu S S4 same loc abund sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial spinulose wood fern, spinulose Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana Dryopteris spinulosa Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq moist, swampy woodlands Vascular-FernFern Perennial shield fern, toothed wood fern Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris clintoniana Clinton's wood fern Y CCu S5 same? infreq wooded swamps Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris cristata crested shield-fern Y CCu S5 declined? freq, esp. E wooded swamps Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris filix-mas male fern N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris goldiana Goldie's wood fern Y CCr S4 same? r rich moist woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteris spinulosa var. Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris intermedia evergreen woodfern Y CCg S5 same only E, freq woods, swamps, cool ravines Vascular-FernFern Perennial intermedia Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris marginalis marginal wood fern Y S5 same c woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris x boottii Boott's wood fern Y CCu S3S5 same? loc abund Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris x triploidea wood fern Y CCr S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 18 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Dryopteridaceae Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern Y S5 same c woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive, silver-berry, oleaster N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial

Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus umbellata autumn olive N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Elatine triandra var Elatinaceae Elatine americana americana (T. americana American water-wort Y CCr S1 not seen local tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Annual PLANTS) shallow water, sandy bottoms of Elatinaceae Elatine minima small water-wort Y CCr S4 not seen infreq Vascular Forb/herb Annual lakes and ponds

Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense field horsetail, common horsetail Y S5 same c sterile and sandy soil Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatile water horsetail, river horsetail Y CCu S5 same loc abund tidal flats of HuR and open swamps Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Equisetum hyemale ssp. Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale scouring rush Y CCu S5 declined? freq woods, open fields, wet or dry Vascular-FernFern Perennial affine Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum smooth scouring-rush Y CCx SX not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Equisetaceae Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring rush Y ?CC S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Equisetaceae Equisetum sylvaticum woodland horsetail Y CCu S S5 same infreq moist, sandy woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial disturbed seepage areas, gravel pits Equisetaceae Equisetum variegatum variegated horsetail Y CCr S4 increasing not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial (FNYA) Andromeda polifolia var. Ericaceae Andromeda glaucophylla bog rosemary Y CCr R S5 same r, loc abund acid bogs Vascular Shrub Perennial glaucophylla bare rocky summits, quartzitic or Subshrub, Ericaceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi bearberry Y CCu R? S5 same loc abund Vascular Perennial schistose rocks >450m Shrub

Ericaceae Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf Y CCr S5 declined? loc abund acid bogs and border of ponds Vascular Shrub Perennial

Subshrub, Ericaceae Chimaphila maculata spotted wintergreen Y CCr S4 same r dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial Shrub Chimaphila umbellata ssp. pipsissewa, common wintergreen Subshrub, Ericaceae Chimaphilla umbellata Y CCr S S5 declined only E, freq dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial cisatlantica (very uncommon!) Shrub Subshrub, Ericaceae Epigaea repens trailing arbutus Y CCu S S4 declined? c E, r in HuV dry acid soil in woods Vascular Perennial Shrub Subshrub, Ericaceae Gaultheria hispidula creeping snowberry Y CCr R S5 declined? only N, loc abund sphagnous woods Vascular Perennial Shrub Subshrub, Ericaceae Gaultheria procumbens wintergreen, teaberry Y CCg S5 same only E, where common dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial Shrub

Ericaceae Gaylussacia baccata huckleberry, black huckleberry Y CCg S5 same only E, where common dry woods and upland fields or bogs Vascular Shrub Perennial

Ericaceae Kalmia angustifolia sheep-laurel Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq acid bogs and swampy woods Vascular Shrub Perennial woods, upland pastures, hillsides, Ericaceae Kalmia latifolia mountain laurel Y CCg S5 same only E, where common Vascular Shrub Perennial acid soil Ericaceae Kalmia polifolia pale laurel Y CCr R S4 not seen r acid bogs Vascular Shrub Perennial r only in notebook, not in Ericaceae Leucothoe fontanesiana highland dog-hobble N SE not seen Vascular Shrub Perennial FCC

Ericaceae Lyonia ligustrina maleberry Y CCu S5 same only E, freq bogs, wet woods, rocky uplands Vascular Shrub Perennial

Ericaceae Moneses uniflora one-flower wintergreen Y CCr S4 not seen r dry woods, acid soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Ericaceae Monotropa hypopithys American pinesap Y CCr S4 same r rich woods in leaf mold Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe Y S5 same c woods with leaf mold Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Subshrub, Ericaceae Orthilia secunda Pyrola secunda one-side wintergreen Y CCr S5 not seen r dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial Shrub reported by Stebbins from Hudson Ericaceae Pterospora andromedea giant pinedrops Y CCh S1 not seen r, historical records only Vascular Forb/herb Perennial (1830) Subshrub, Ericaceae Pyrola americana Pyrola rotundifolia American wintergreen Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq dry woods in acid soils Vascular Perennial Shrub Subshrub, Ericaceae Pyrola chlorantha Pyrola virens greenish-flowered wintergreen Y CCr S5 not seen r dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial Shrub Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 19 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Subshrub, Ericaceae Pyrola elliptica shinleaf Y CCu S5 declined c E, infreq HuV dry woods, acid soil Vascular Perennial Shrub Rhododendron Ericaceae Ledum groenlandicum labrador tea, bog labrador tea Y CCr R? S4S5 not seen r sphagnous woods Vascular Shrub Perennial groenlandicum in FCC incl. Rhododendron pinxster, pink azalea (common Ericaceae Rhododendron roseum Y CCu S2 S5 declined c woods and rocky uplands Vascular Shrub Perennial periclymenoides one, lvs not very hairy below) and R. prinophyllum

early azalea, rosebud azalea (less not distinguished from common, glandular hairs on ovary seen only in high Taconics, so far for Ericaceae Rhododendron prinophyllum Y CCu R? S5 declined Rh. Periclymenoides in Vascular Shrub Perennial and pedicel, leaf blades sure (FEP) FCC permanently soft pub. Below)

Ericaceae Rhododendron viscosum swamp azalea Y CCu S5 same loc abund acid bogs Vascular Shrub Perennial early lowbush blueberry, low sweet Ericaceae Vaccinium angustifolium blueberry, late sweet blueberry, Y S5 same c dry woods, banks, rocky uplands Vascular Shrub Perennial sweet-hurts highbush blueberry, swamp Ericaceae Vaccinium corymbosum Y CCg S5 same c E, infreq HuV swamps, less often in upland woods Vascular Shrub Perennial blueberry, whortleberry acid bogs or boggy depressions in Subshrub, Ericaceae Vaccinium macrocarpon large cranberry Y CCu S S5 declined? infreq Vascular Perennial rocky uplands Shrub velvetleaf huckleberry, sour-top Ericaceae Vaccinium myrtilloides Y CCr S5 not seen r dry rocky woods Vascular Shrub Perennial blueberry Subshrub, Ericaceae Vaccinium oxycoccos small cranberry Y CCr R? S5 same loc abund acid bogs Vascular Perennial Shrub late lowbush blueberry, early Subshrub, Ericaceae Vaccinium pallidum Vaccinium vacillans Y S5 same c dry sandy or rocky woods, acid Vascular Perennial lowbush blueberry Shrub Ericaceae Vaccinium stamineum deerberry, squawberry Y CCg S5 same freq, esp in Hu&HaV dry woods, sandy or shaly soil Vascular Shrub Perennial

shallow water, margins of ponds, Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon aquaticum Eriocaulon septangulare seven-angle pipewort Y CCu S S5 declined? freq sometimes immersed, on muddy Vascular Forb/herb Perennial shores, or in sphagnum bogs

only HuV, tidal mud tidal mud along HR, otherwise Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon parkeri Parker's pipewort Y CCx SX not seen Vascular Forb/herb Perennial along HuR unknown.

three-seeded mercury, copperleaf, dry fields and wast places, rather Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rhomboidea Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq Vascular Herbaceous Annual common copperleaf (common) weedy

Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica three-seeded mercury (rare!) Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Euphorbia maculata, incl. dry sandy or gravelly soil, railroads, Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce maculata spotted spurge Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq Vascular Herbaceous Annual E. supina roadsides, wast places, weedy

dry sandy or gravelly soil, railroads, Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce nutans Euphorbia maculata eyebane Y CCu S5 same? poorly known Vascular Herbaceous Annual roadsides, wast places, weedy

dry sandy or gravelly soil, railroads, Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce vermiculata worm seeded spurge Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq Vascular Forb/herb Annual roadsides, wast places, weedy

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia corollata flowering spurge Y CCr S5 not seen r dry fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial weedy in patches near old houses Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyparissias cypress spurge N-I SE same occ Vascular Forb/herb Perennial and cemeteries Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia dentata toothed spurge N SE not seen r, one location along railroad in Hudson Vascular Forb/herb Annual Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia esula Euphorbia virgata leafy spurge N-I SE not seen r, one location dry fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial along Kinderhook Creek, E of Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia marginata snow-on-the-mountain N SE same? r, rare escape Vascular Forb/herb Annual Kinderhook Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa false indigobush N? SE4 increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial woods, most common in rich or Fabaceae Amphicarpaea bracteata hogpeanut, American hogpeanut Y S5 same c Vascular Vine Perennial swampy soils Vine, Fabaceae Apios americana groundnut, American groundnut Y CCu S5 declined freq swamps and margins of streams Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Fabaceae Baptisia tinctoria wild-indigo, yellow wild-indigo Y CCr S4 declined c dry woods and fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 20 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Fabaceae Chamaecrista fasciculata prairie senna Y CCr S3S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Fabaceae Chamaecrista nictitans Chamaecrista nictitans partridge pea, wild sensitive plant Y CCr S4S5 not seen r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Fabaceae Coronilla varia crown-vetch, common crown-vetch N-I SE increased infreq roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Crotalaria sagittalis arrowhead rattlebox Y CCr S1 not seen r sandy or waste ground, weedy Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Fabaceae Desmodium canadense showy tick-trefoil Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common streams and roads Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Desmodium cuspidatum toothed tick-trefoil Y CCr S5 not seen r dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Desmodium glutinosum large tick-trefoil Y CCu S5 declined? c dry or moist woods, clay or sand Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Desmodium nudiflorum bare-stemmed tick-trefoil Y CCu S5 declined? c dry or moist woods, clay or sand Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Desmodium paniculatum narrow-leaf tick-trefoil Y CCu S5 declined? c, throughout dry open places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Desmodium perplexum perplexed tick-trefoil Y CCr S5 not seen r dry rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Desmodium rotundifolium prostrate tick-trefoil Y CCu S4 same only S, infreq dry, rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Gleditsia triacanthos honey-locust N SE same? occ escaped in woods and fields Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Fabaceae Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffeetree Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Fabaceae Kummerowia stipulacea Korean clover N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Vine, Fabaceae Lathyrus palustris vetchling peavine Y CCu R S4 same? loc abund tidal swamps HuR Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Vine, Fabaceae Lathyrus sylvestris flat peavine N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Fabaceae Lespedeza bicolor shrubby lespedeza N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial dry fields and hillsides, on sand or Fabaceae Lespedeza capitata round-head bush-clover Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common Vascular Forb/herb Perennial shale

Fabaceae Lespedeza frutescens violet bush-clover Y CCr S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial?

Fabaceae Lespedeza hirta hairy bush-clover Y CCr S5 not seen r dry sandy or rocky hills Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Lespedeza procumbens trailing bush-clover Y CCr S4 not seen r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Lespedeza violacea Lespedeza intermedia wand bush-clover Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common dry woods and fields, shale Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Lespedeza virginica slender bush-clover Y CCr S3? not seen r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Lespedeza x nuttallii Lespedeza nuttallii Nuttall's bushclover (a hybrid) Y CCr S4 not seen r dry rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial only Hu&HaV, where Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus bird's-foot trefoil N SE increased! pastures and roadsides, spreading Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common Fabaceae Lupinus perennis Lupinus perennis lupine, sundial lupine Y CCr R S3 not seen r dry sandy or shaly soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Fabaceae Medicago lupulina black medick N SE increased local cultivated and waste grounds, weed Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Fabaceae Medicago sativa alfalfa N SE same c escaped from cultivation Vascular Herbaceous Annual roadsides and waste grounds, Fabaceae Melilotus albus white sweetclover N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Biennial weedy roadsides and waste grounds, Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover N SE same c Vascular Herbaceous Biennial weedy bristly locust, mossy locust, rose- seen once Fabaceae Robinia hispida N SE not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial acacia in cult Fabaceae Robinia pseudoacacia black locust, false acacia N-I SE same loc very abund woods and thickets Vascular Tree Perennial Fabaceae Robinia viscosa clammy locust N SE same occ roadsides and old dooryards Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Fabaceae Senna hebecarpa wild senna Y CCu S4 same? loc abund swamps near tidewater Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Strophostyles helvula trailing fuzzybean, wild bean Y CCu S5 same? loc abund wastelands along HuR Vascular Herbaceous Annual Fabaceae Thermopsis villosa Aaron's rod N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fabaceae Trifolium arvense rabbit-foot clover N SE decreased c dry fields and waste places Vascular Forb/herb Annual hop-clover, golden clover, yellow Fabaceae Trifolium aureum Trifolium agrarium N SE same freq fields and roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Biennial clover Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 21 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

low hop-clover, field clover, cow- Fabaceae Trifolium campestre N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Biennial clover, shamrock Fabaceae Trifolium dubium least hop-clover N SE increased not in FCC (roadsides and dist. Soils FNYA) Vascular Forb/herb Annual Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum alsike clover N SE same freq fields, meadows, and cult grds Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Fabaceae Trifolium pratense red clover N SE increased freq fields and meadows Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Fabaceae Trifolium repens white clover N SE same c lawns, cult. And wast grounds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Vine, Fabaceae Vicia cracca bird vetch, cow vetch N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Perennial Forb/herb Vine, Fabaceae Vicia tetrasperma slender vetch, lentil vetch N SE increased occ meadows and fields Vascular Annual Forb/herb Fabaceae Vicia villosa var. varia winter vetch N SE not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual fields and roadsides, escape from Fabaceae Vicia villosa var. villosa winter vetch N SE same? infreq Vascular Herbaceous Biennial cultivation Fagaceae Castanea dentata chestnut, American chestnut Y CCr (as fertile, mature trees) S4 declined c, throughout woods Vascular Tree Perennial Fagaceae Fagus grandifolia beech, American beech Y S5 same c rich or moist woods Vascular Tree Perennial Fagaceae Quercus alba white oak, eastern white oak Y S5 same c woods Vascular Tree Perennial Fagaceae Quercus bicolor swamp white oak Y CCu S5 declined freq swamps and wet woods Vascular Tree Perennial Fagaceae Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Y CCu S5 same infreq dry woods Vascular Tree Perennial dry hillsides and thickets in rocky or Fagaceae Quercus ilicifolia scrub oak, bear oak Y CCg S5 same only SE, where common Vascular Tree Perennial sandy soil Fagaceae Quercus macrocarpa burr oak, mossy-cup oak Y CCr R S4 same r borders of moist woods Vascular Tree Perennial

chestnut oak, mountain chestnut Fagaceae Quercus montana Quercus prinus Y S5 same c dry, rocky woods, not in calc. areas Vascular Tree Perennial oak, rock chestnut oak

Fagaceae Quercus palustris pin oak Y CCu S4 increased not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial scrub chestnut oak, dwarf Fagaceae Quercus prinoides Y CCu R? S5 same? infreq bare shaly hillsides Vascular Tree Perennial chinquapin oak Fagaceae Quercus rubra Quercus borealis red oak, northern red oak Y S5 same c woods Vascular Tree Perennial Fagaceae Quercus velutina black oak Y CCu S5 same loc abund dry woods Vascular Tree Perennial climbing fumitory, Allegheny vine, Vine, Fumariaceae Adlumia fungosa Y CCr R S4 same r woods soils underlain by acid rock Vascular Biennial mountain fringe Forb/herb

pale corydalis, pink corydalis, rock rocky banks and exposed rocky Fumariaceae Corydalis sempervirens Y CCu S4 decreased loc abund Vascular Herbaceous Perennial harlequin, harlequin-flower hilltops, in acid soils

Fumariaceae Dicentra canadensis squirrel-corn, turkey-corn Y CCr S5 same r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fumariaceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches Y CCu S? S5 same infreq locally abund. rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bartonia, yellow screwstem, Gentianaceae Bartonia virginica Y CCu S4 same loc abund bogs, usually sphagnum Vascular Herbaceous Annual bartonia centaury-plant, branching centaury- Gentianaceae Centaurium pulchellum N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual plant moist soil in thickets and pastures Gentianaceae Gentiana andrewsii fringe-top bottle gentian Y CCr S S4 declined? loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial along streams borders of ponds and streams, in Gentianaceae Gentiana clausa closed gentian Y CCr R S4 declined? freq E, r HuV Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woods, in sandy or clay soil Gentianaceae Gentiana linearis narrow-leaved gentian Y ?CC R S3S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial stiff gentian, agueweed, gall-of-the- Gentianaceae Gentianella quinquefolia Gentiana quinquefolia Y CCr R S4 declined only E, freq Rocky upland woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial earth

wet, springy hillsides and meadows Gentianaceae Gentianopsis crinita greater fringed gentian Y CCr S S4 declined loc abund Vascular Herbaceous Biennial usually in calcareous soil

Bicknell's cranesbill, Bicknell's rocky bluff S of Canaan, otherwise Geraniaceae Geranium bicknellii Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Herbaceous Biennial geranium unknown open swampy grounds and moist Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum wild geranium, wild crane's-bill Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woods moist rocks and rocky woods, in rich Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum herb-Robert, Robert's geranium Y CCu S5 same loc abund Vascular Herbaceous Biennial or calc. soil Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 22 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum wild black currant Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq swampy woods and thickets Vascular Shrub Perennial rocky woods and banks, shale of Grossulariaceae Ribes cynosbati prickly gooseberry Y CCg S5 same? only HuV, freq Vascular Shrub Perennial HuV Grossulariaceae Ribes hirtellum smooth gooseberry Y CCu S S5 same only HaV, local calc marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial Grossulariaceae Ribes lacustre bristly black currant Y CCr S4 not seen r cool rocky woods, gorges Vascular Shrub Perennial Grossulariaceae Ribes nigrum European black currant N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Grossulariaceae Ribes rotundifolium Appalachian gooseberry Y CCu R? S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Grossulariaceae Ribes rubrum Ribes sativum northern red currant N SE same occ escaped from cultivation Vascular Shrub Perennial Grossulariaceae Ribes triste swamp red currant Y CCr S5 increased? not in FCC cool swamps, mostly northern Vascular Shrub Perennial

Haloragaceae Myriophyllum sibiricum Myriophyllum exalbescens northern water-milfoil Y CCu S5 same? loc abund lakes and slow streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial?

Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Proserpinaca palustris var. mermaidweed, marsh Haloragaceae Proserpinaca palustris Y CCu S4 same infreq open swamps and borders of ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial crebra mermaidweed

Hamamelidaceae Hamamelis virginiana witch-hazel, American witch-hazel Y S5 same c woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Hamamelidaceae Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum Y CCu R2 S5 same occ Vascular Tree Perennial Hippocastanaceae Aesculus hippocastanum horse chestnut N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Hydrangeaceae Deutzia scabra fuzzy deutzia N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Shrub Perennial common waterweed, broad Hydrocharitaceae Elodea canadensis Y S5 same c lakes and streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial waterweed Hydrocharitaceae Elodea nuttallii Nuttall's waterweed Y CCu S5 same? loc abund? shallow water, tidal flats Vascular Forb/herb Perennial most common in HuR, but occurs in Hydrocharitaceae Vallisneria americana eel-grass Y CCu S5 same loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial lakes and streams Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum canadense blunt-leaved waterleaf Y CCr S5 same r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf, John's cabbage Y CCu S5 same infreq rich moist woods, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

yellow iris, pale-yellow iris, yellow Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial flag, yellow water iris Iridaceae Iris versicolor blueflag Y S5 same c wet places, marshes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial meadows and open fields or part. Iridaceae Sisyrinchium angustifolium narrowleaf blue-eyed grass Y CCu S5 same freq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Shade, moist or dry soil Iridaceae Sisyrinchium atlanticum eastern blue-eyed grass Y CCu S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial meadows and open fields, in moist Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum strict blue-eyed-grass Y CCu S5 same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial or dry soil Isoetes echinospora ssp. Isoetaceae Isoetes echinospora spiny-spore quillwort Y CCu S4 declined? freq margins of lakes, shallow water Vascular-FernFern Perennial muricata Appalachian quillwort, shallow water and muddy lake Isoetaceae Isoetes engelmannii Y CCu S5 same? infreq Vascular-FernFern Perennial Engelmann's quillwort bottoms Isoetaceae Isoetes lacustris lake quillwort Y CCr S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Isoetaceae Isoetes riparia Isoetes riparia shore quillwort Y CCr S1 declined loc abund mudflats in tidewater of HuR Vascular-FernFern Perennial Juglandaceae Carya alba Carya tomentosa mockernut hickory Y CCg S5 same? only HuV, freq rich or moist woods Vascular Tree Perennial

Juglandaceae Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common along streams and in wet woods Vascular Tree Perennial

Juglandaceae Carya glabra pignut hickory, sweet pignut Y S5 same c woods and fence rows Vascular Tree Perennial Juglandaceae Carya ovalis red hickory Y CCu R? S5 same? infreq Vascular Tree Perennial

Juglandaceae Carya ovata shagbark hickory, shellbark hickory Y S5 same freq wood Vascular Tree Perennial

Juglandaceae Juglans cinerea butternut, white walnut Y CCu S4 declined? c woods, esp. moist places Vascular Tree Perennial Juglandaceae Juglans nigra black walnut Y CCu S5 increased? r woods and along streams Vascular Tree Perennial Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus sharp-fruit rush Y CCu S5 same? loc abund tidal flats and marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus articulatus jointed rush Y CCu S5 same? local? wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus brachycephalus small-head rush Y CCu S5 declined? loc abund calc marshes and river shores Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus brevicaudatus narrow-panicled rush Y CCu S5 declined? freq, rather Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 23 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Juncaceae Juncus bufonius toad rush Y CCu R? S5 same? infreq moist places, roadsides, Vascular Graminoid Annual Juncaceae Juncus canadensis Canada rush Y CCu S5 declined? freq swamps and wet meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus dichotomus forked rush Y CCr S3? increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Juncaceae Juncus dudleyi Dudley's rush Y CCu S5 same freq damp places in neutral or calc. soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Juncaceae Juncus effusus common rush (incl. both varieties) Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Juncaceae Juncus gerardii black-grass rush Y CCr S5 same r, one record halphytic, on rocks in streambed Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus greenei Greene's rush Y CCr S5 same? r, one record rocky summits Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncus marginatus var. Juncaceae Juncus marginatus grass-leaved rush Y CCu S5 declined? freq, rather moist meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial marginatus Juncaceae Juncus nodosus knotted rush Y CCu S5 declined? loc abund wet meadows and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Juncaceae Juncus secundus secund rush Y CCu S4 declined? freq rocky or dry soil, weedy Vascular Graminoid Perennial moist or dry places, meadows and Juncaceae Juncus tenuis path rush, slender rush Y S5 same c Vascular Graminoid Perennial waste ground Juncaceae Juncus torreyi Torrey's rush Y CCr R S4S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Luzula acuminata (L. Juncaceae Luzula acuminata hairy woodrush Y CCu S5 declined? only >300m, loc abund dry woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial carolinae) Juncaceae Luzula multiflora common woodrush Y S5 same c dry woods and open places Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Lamiaceae Agastache scrophulariifolia purple giant hyssop Y CCr R S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Lamiaceae Ajuga reptans bugleweed, common bugle N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Clinopodium vulgare Satureja vulgaris field basil N SE decreased freq dry fields and margins of woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lamiaceae Collinsonia canadensis horse-balm, Canada horse-balm Y CCu S5 declined? c moist rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Galeopsis tetrahit var. Lamiaceae Galeopsis bifida bifid-lip hempnettle N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual bifida

Lamiaceae Galeopsis tetrahit hempnettle, brittlestem hempnettle N SE same occ fields and roadsides, weed Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea Nepeta hederacea ground ivy, gill-over-the-ground N SE increased c moist shady places, near dwellings Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lamiaceae Hedeoma hispida rough false pennyroyal Y CCr S2S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Lamiaceae Hedeoma pulegioides American pennyroyal Y Ccu S5 declined? c throughout dry woods and clearings Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca mother-wort, common mother-wort N SE same c waste places and woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

water horehound, American Lamiaceae Lycopus americanus Y S5 same c moist of wet soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bugleweed Lamiaceae Lycopus uniflorus northern bugleweed Y CCu S5 same freq moist or wet soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Virginia water horehound, Virginia Lamiaceae Lycopus virginicus Y CCu S4 same? infreq wet places along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bugleweed Mentha arvensis ssp. Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis wild mint N SE same c wet meadows, banks of streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial haplocalyx Lamiaceae Mentha canadensis Canadian mint Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Mentha spicata spearmint N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Mentha x gracilis gingermint N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Mentha x piperita Mentha piperita peppermint N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lamiaceae Mentha x rotundifolia Mentha cf. x rotundifolia peppermint N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Subshrub, Lamiaceae Monarda fistulosa wild bergamot Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common Vascular Perennial Shrub waste places and woods, near Lamiaceae Nepeta cataria catnip N SE decreased c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial dwellings

Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare wild marjoram N SE same only HuV, where local roadsides and fields, calc. regions Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lamiaceae Physostegia virginiana obedience plant, false dragon-head Y CCr S5 same r moist banks near streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 24 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris heal-all Y/N S5 same? c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum incanum hoary mountain-mint Y CCu S5 same? infreq dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum tenuifolium slender mountain-mint Y CCu S5 declined freq, but not NE fields and meadows, dry soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

freq, but not as common Lamiaceae Pycnanthemum virginianum Virginia mountain-mint Y CCu S4 same meadows and dry banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial as P. tenuifolium

Lamiaceae Scutellaria galericulata Scutellaria epilobiifolia hooded skullcap Y CCu S5 declined? c low places, swamps, moist cliffs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Scutellaria lateriflora mad-dog skullcap Y S5 same c swamps and wet woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Stachys palustris var. Lamiaceae Stachys palustris marsh hedge-nettle N SE increased? r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial homotricha Lamiaceae Stachys tenuifolia smooth hedge-nettle Y CCu S4 same? loc abund edges of tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lamiaceae Teucrium canadense Teucrium canadense germander, Canada germander Y CCu S5 same? loc abund tidal mud along HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial on shales and limestones in New Subshrub, Lamiaceae Thymus pulegioides Thymus serpyllum thyme, lemon thyme N SE increased locally abund Lebanon and Canaan, unknown Vascular Perennial Shrub elsewhere Lamiaceae Trichostema brachiatum Isanthus brachiatus false pennyroyal Y CCr S3 not seen r dry, sandy or gravelly soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Lamiaceae Trichostema dichotomum forked bluecurls Y CCu S5 declined only HuV,where common dry sandy and gravelly soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual

spicebush, benzoin-bush, Lauraceae Lindera benzoin Benjamin-bush, fever-bush, wild Y S5 same c moist or swampy woods Vascular Shrub Perennial allspice only Hu&HaV,where Lauraceae Sassafras albidum sassafras, ague tree Y CCg S5 same dry woods and fields Vascular Tree Perennial common Lemnaceae Lemna minor lesser duckweed Y S5 same c floating on quiet water Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lemnaceae Lemna trisulca star duckweed Y CCu S S5 same? local ponds and quiet streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Lemnaceae Spirodela polyrrhiza common water-flaxseed Y S5 same freq floating on ponds and quiet streams Vascular Forb/herb Annual?

Lemnaceae Wolffia brasiliensis Brazilian watermeal Y CCr? S4end increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lemnaceae Wolffia columbiana columbian watermeal Y CCr S5 not seen r, very local quiet water in small ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Lentibulariaceae Utricularia cornuta horned bladderwort Y CCr R? S5 not seen r acid bogs Vascular Herbaceous Annual mixed bladderwort, hiddenfruit Lentibulariaceae Utricularia geminiscapa Y CCr? S3 increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual bladderwort Lentibulariaceae Utricularia gibba humped bladderwort Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Herbaceous Annual Lentibulariaceae Utricularia intermedia flatleaf bladderwort Y CCu S4 same? loc abund muddy borders of ponds Vascular Forb/herb Annual Utricularia vulgaris var. Lentibulariaceae Utricularia macrorhiza greater bladderwort Y CCu R? S4 same c lakes and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial americana Lentibulariaceae Utricularia minor lesser bladderwort Y CCr S3 not seen r, one record calc. bog Vascular Forb/herb Perennial alluv soil along large streams and Liliaceae Allium canadense Allium canadense wild onion, wild garlic Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial wet woods Liliaceae Allium sativum cultivated garlic N SE not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial moist rich woods, alluv soil and calc Liliaceae Allium tricoccum Allium tricoccum wild leek, small white leek, ramp Y CCu S5 declined? freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial regions Liliaceae Allium vineale field garlic, wild garlic N-I? SE increased loc very abund fields, pastsures and woodlands Vascular Herbaceous Perennial garden asparagus, common Liliaceae Asparagus officinalis N SE same infreq fence rows, orchards, escaped Vascular Herbaceous Perennial asparagus blazing-star, fairy-wand, devil's-bit, r, not seen in recent Liliaceae Chamaelirium luteum Y CCr S1S2 not seen moist woods and bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial rattlesnake-root years blue bead-lily, yellow clintonia, corn- Liliaceae Clintonia borealis Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common cold moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial lily, Clinton lily Liliaceae Convallaria majalis European lily-of-the-valley N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial meadows, floodplains, and moist Liliaceae Erythronium americanum trout-lily, yellow trout-lily Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woods along streams, in meadows, by Liliaceae Hemerocallis fulva orange daylily, tawny daylily N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial roadsides Liliaceae Hypoxis hirsuta eastern yellow stargrass Y CCu S S5 declined? freq sandy or rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 25 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Liliaceae Lilium canadense Lilium canadense Canada lily, yellow Canada lily Y CCu S S5 declined c, esp. in HuV meadows and wet woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Liliaceae Lilium philadelphicum wood lily Y CCr S4 declined? only E, where common dry woods and fields, rocky summits Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Canada May-flower, Canadian May- lily, wild lily-of-the-valley, false lily- Liliaceae Maianthemum canadense Y CCg S5 same c, esp. in higher elev. woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial of-the-valley, two-leaved Solomon's-seal false Solomon's-seal, false Liliaceae Maianthemum racemosum Smilacina racemosa Y S5 same c woods and shaded banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial spikenard, Solomon's-plume starry Solomon's-seal, little false Solomon's-seal, starflower variety of habs: swampy woods, dry Liliaceae Maianthemum stellatum Smilacina stellata Y CCr S5 same r, HuV only Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Solomon's-seal, starflower limestone rocks, springy meadow Solomon's-plume Liliaceae Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root Y CCu S5 declined c moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial star-of-Bethlehem, common star-of- Liliaceae Ornithogalum umbellatum Bethlehem, nap-at-noon, sleepy N SE increased locally established lawns, meadows, and waste places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dick Polygonatum Liliaceae Polygonatum biflorum giant Solomon's seal Y CCr S S5 declined only HuV, freq moist thickets, in alluv. Soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial canaliculatum downy Solomon's-seal, hairy Liliaceae Polygonatum pubescens Y S5 same c woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Solomon's seal

Streptopus amplexifolius white twisted-stalk, white Liliaceae Streptopus amplexifolius Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Herbaceous Perennial var americanus mandarin, liverberry

Streptopus roseus var Liliaceae Streptopus lanceolatus rosy twisted-stalk, rose mandarin Y CCr S5 declined? only E >300m, freq rocky woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial perspectus Liliaceae Trillium cernuum nodding trillium Y CCr S3? declined? loc abund moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial red trillium, wake robin, stinking Liliaceae Trillium erectum Benjamin, stinking Willie, birthwort, Y CCu S5 declined c moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial ill-scent trillium Liliaceae Trillium undulatum painted trillium, painted lady Y CCu S5 declined? only E >300m, freq moist or sandy woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Liliaceae Uvularia grandiflora large-flowered bellwort Y CCu S? S5 declined? only HuV, freq moist woods and clay ravines Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Liliaceae Uvularia perfoliata perfoliate bellwort Y CCu S5 declined? c woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial sessile-leaved bellwort, wild-oats, Liliaceae Uvularia sessilifolia Y S5 same c woods and thickets Vascular Herbaceous Perennial straw-lily Liliaceae Veratrum viride American false-hellebore Y CCg S5 same only E, freq wet woods, along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Limnanthaceae Floerkea proserpinacoides false mermaid-weed Y CCu R S5 same only HuV, infreq alluv soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Linaceae Linum sulcatum grooved yellow flax Y CCr S2 not seen r, two locations dry sandy or stony soil Vascular Forb/herb Annual Linaceae Linum usitatissimum common flax N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Linaceae Linum virginianum Virginia flax Y CCu R? S5 not seen infreq dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Dendrolycopodium Lycopodiaceae treelike clubmoss Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial dendroideum

Lycopodiaceae Dendrolycopodium hickeyi Pennsylvania clubmoss Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Dendrolycopodium ground pine, eastern tree Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium obscurum Y CCg S5 same only E (mostly) dry and mesic woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial obscurum clubmoss dry woods and open fields, esp. Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum digitatum Lycopodium complanatum fan club-moss Y CCg S5 same only E (mostly) Vascular-FernFern Perennial acidic soil blue ground-cedar, deep-root Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum tristachyum Lycopodium tristachyum Y CCu S5 same? local dry sandy soils Vascular-FernFern Perennial clubmoss shining clubmoss, shining fir Lycopodiaceae Huperzia lucidula Lycopodium lucidulum Y CCg S5 same only E, freq moist cool woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial clubmoss, shining firmoss running pine, running cedar, Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum Y CCg S5 same only E (mostly) dry woods and banks Vascular-FernFern Perennial staghorn clubmoss one-cone ground-pine, running Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium lagopus pine, running cedar, staghorn Y CCu S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial clubmoss Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 26 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

bristly clubmoss, common bristly Lycopodiaceae Spinulum annotinum Lycopodium annotinum clubmoss, common stiff clubmoss, Y CCu S5 same infreq moist, shady woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial common interrupted clubmoss

Lythraceae Cuphea viscosissima blue waxweed Y CCu R? S4 same? only HuV, occ fields and meadows Vascular Forb/herb Annual floating sphagnum bogs and Subshrub, Lythraceae Decodon verticillatus hairy swamp loosestrife Y CCu S5 same? loc abund Vascular Perennial margins of lakes Shrub

Lythraceae Lythrum alatum winged loosestrife, winged lythrum Y CCr R S5 increased? not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

purple loosestrife, spiked Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria N-I SE increased loc abund marshes of HuR Vascular Herbaceous Perennial loosestrife

Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera tulip tree, tulip poplar, yellow poplar Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common rich woods Vascular Tree Perennial

cucumber tree, mountain Magnoliaceae Magnolia acuminata Y CCr R? S5 not seen r swamp Vascular Tree Perennial magnolia, cucumber magnolia Malvaceae Abutilon theophrasti velvet-leaf N SE increased locally abund weed in cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual Malvaceae Hibiscus moscheutos swamp rosemallow Y CCr S? S4 not seen r, one record tidal marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial Malvaceae Hibiscus trionum flower-of-an-hour N SE declinde locally abund weed in gardens and cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual Malvaceae Malva moschata musk cheeseweed N SE increased occ fields and roadsides, adventive Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common mallow, dwarf mallow, Malvaceae Malva neglecta N SE same c waste and cultiv. Grounds Vascular Herbaceous Annual cheeses Vine, Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense Canada moonseed Y CCu S S5 declined only HuV, freq woods & thickets, dry or moist Vascular Perennial Subshrub Menyanthaceae Menyanthes trifoliata buckbean, bog buckbean Y CCr R S4 not seen loc abund bogs and swamps, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Menyanthaceae Nymphoides peltata yellow floating-heart N-I SE not seen r, one record HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial green carpet-weed, carpet-weed, Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata N SE same? freq cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual Indian chickweed Moraceae Maclura pomifera osage-orange, hedge-apple N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial white mulberry, Russian mulberry, Moraceae Morus alba N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial silkworm mulberry Moraceae Morus rubra red mulberry Y CCu R?S? S5 same? only HuV, infreq rich or moist wooded hillsides Vascular Tree Perennial Subshrub, Myricaceae Comptonia peregrina sweet fern Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common dry sandy or stony soil Vascular Perennial Shrub sweet gale, sweet bayberry, Myricaceae Myrica gale Y CCu S5 same loc abund borders of lakes and streams Vascular Shrub Perennial meadow-fern

bayberry, northern bayberry, waxberry, tallow bayberry, small Myricaceae Myrica pensylvanica waxberry, tallowshrub, swamp Y CCr S4 not seen r sandy field and calc. marsh Vascular Shrub Perennial candleberry, candlewood, candletree, tallowtree

slender water-nymph, slender Najadaceae Najas flexilis Y S5 same c lakes and quiet streams Vascular Forb/herb Annual naiad thread-like water-nymph, thread- Najadaceae Najas gracillima Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Annual like naiad Najas guadalupensis ssp. Najadaceae southern water-nymph Y CCu S5 same? loc abund lakes and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Annual guadalupensis Najas guadalupensis ssp. Hudson River water-nymph, Najadaceae Y CCr S1 declined? loc abund tidal flats Vascular Forb/herb Annual muenscheri Muenscher's water-nymph Najadaceae Najas minor brittle naiad N-I? SE same freq HuR tidewater Vascular Forb/herb Annual Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis hirsuta hairy four-o'clock N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea wild four-o'clock N SE same? only HuV, freq along HuR dry sandy places, along railroad Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

broad-leaved yellow pond-lily, broad-leaved yellow cow-lily, broad- Nymphaeaceae Nuphar advena Nuphar advena Y CCu S5 same loc abund strictly tidal Vascular Herbaceous Perennial leaved spatterdock, broad-leaved bull-head lily Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 27 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

small yellow pond-lily, small yellow Nymphaeaceae Nuphar microphylla Y CCr S5 not seen r Vascular Herbaceous Perennial cow-lily, dwarf spatterdock

common yellow pond-lily, common Nymphaeaceae Nuphar variegata cow-lily, common spatterdock, Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial northern yellow pond-lily

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata white water-lily Y CCu S5? declined? c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial blackgum, black-gum, black gum, Nyssaceae Nyssa sylvatica black tupelo, sourgum, sour-gum, Y CCu S5 same? only HuV, loc abund swamps and wet woods Vascular Tree Perennial pepperidge not seen in Oleaceae Chionanthus virginicus fringe tree N SE not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial wild upland woods, sometimes in wet Oleaceae Fraxinus americana white ash Y S5 same c, abund throughout Vascular Tree Perennial places Oleaceae Fraxinus nigra black ash Y CCu S5 declined? freq in permanently wet places Vascular Tree Perennial c along HuR, decreasing swampy woods, stream banks and Oleaceae Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Y CCg S5 same Vascular Tree Perennial E borders of ponds Oleaceae Ligustrum obtusifolium border privet N-I SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial

Oleaceae Ligustrum vulgare European privet N-I? SE increased infreq old yards, persisting and spreading Vascular Shrub Perennial

Oleaceae Syringa reticulata Japanese tree lilac N-I? SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial

Oleaceae Syringa vulgaris common lilac N SE same occ old yards, persisting and spreading Vascular Shrub Perennial

Chamerion angustifolium woods and low grounds, esp. after Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium fireweed Y CCr S5 declined only E, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial ssp. circumvagum burning

northern enchanter's nightshade, cool moist woods, mossy swamps, Onagraceae Circaea alpina Y CCu S5 declined? only E, where common Vascular Forb/herb Perennial small enchanter's nightshade wet rocks

Circaea lutetiana ssp. Circaea quadrisulcata var. moist woods, most common in rich Onagraceae common enchanter's nightshade Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial canadensis canadensis or alluvial soil moist woods and meadows, borders Onagraceae Epilobium ciliatum Epilobium glandulosum hairy willow-herb Y CCu S5 declined? c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial of streams and ponds moist woods and meadows, borders Onagraceae Epilobium coloratum eastern willow-herb Y S5 same? c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial of streams and ponds codlins and cream, willow-herb, Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum N SE declined freq marshes and roadsides Vascular Herbaceous Perennial fireweed

Onagraceae Epilobium leptophyllum linear-leaved willow-herb Y CCu S5 declined? c open swamps and wet meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Epilobium palustre var. Onagraceae Epilobium palustre marsh willow-herb Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record sphagnum bog Vascular Forb/herb Perennial oliganthum Onagraceae Epilobium strictum downy willow-herb Y CCu S5 same? local? swampy meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Onagraceae Gaura biennis gaura, biennial beeblossom N SE declined freq moist alluvial soil along HuR Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Onagraceae Ludwigia alternifolia Ludwigia alternifolia seedbox, bushy seedbox Y CCr S? S4 same r open swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Onagraceae Ludwigia palustris water purslane, marsh seedbox Y S5 same c wet places, often in mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

dry places in fields and woods, Onagraceae Oenothera biennis common evening-primrose Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial cultivated and waste grds

Onagraceae Oenothera parviflora northern evening-primrose Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record sandy, gravelly, often calc. soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial?

dry or moist soil, meadows, open Onagraceae Oenothera perennis small sundrops Y CCu S5 declined c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial swamps, margins of woods

FNYS: native further west, but not in Onagraceae Oenothera pilosella meadow evening primrose N? SE not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial CC Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fern Y CCu S? S4 same infreq alluv. Along streams Vascular-FernFern Perennial Onocleaceae Onoclea sensibilis sensitive fern Y S5 same c wet places Vascular-FernFern Perennial Ophioglossaceae Botrychium dissectum cutleaf grape-fern Y CCr R? S5 declined? freq dry fields and woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 28 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Botrychium lanceolatum Ophioglossaceae lance-leaf grape-fern Y CCu S4 same infreq moist shady woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial ssp. angustisegmentum

Ophioglossaceae Botrychium matricariifolium chamomile grape-fern Y CCu S4 same infreq moist shady woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Ophioglossaceae Botrychium multifidum leathery grape-fern Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Ophioglossaceae Botrychium oneidense blunt-lobe grape-fern Y CCr S2S3 increased? not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Ophioglossaceae Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern Y CCu S5 declined? c moist rich woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Orchidaceae Arethusa bulbosa swamp-pink Y CCr S2 not seen r shpagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Calopogon tuberosus Calopogon pulchellus grass-pink, tuberous grass-pink Y CCr R S4 declined? loc abund open bogs, sphagnum, calc. fens Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Corallorhiza maculata Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot Y CCu S? S4 declined c moist shady woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Corallorhiza odontorhiza Corallorhiza odontorhiza autumn coral-root Y CCr S4 not seen r calc. woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Corallorhiza trifida early coralroot, northern coral-root Y CCr S4 same r sphagnous woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

pink lady's-slipper, small pink lady's- dry woods, acid soil, sphagnum Orchidaceae Cypripedium acaule slipper, pink moccasin-flower, Y CCu S4 declined only E, where common Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bogs stemless lady's-slipper

Cypripedium parviflorum var. Cypripedium parviflorum Orchidaceae small yellow lady's-slipper Y CCh SH not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial parviflorum var. parviflorum

Cypripedium parviflorum var. Orchidaceae Cypripedium calceolus large yellow lady's-slipper Y CCr R? S3 declined loc abund rich, often calc. woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pubescens Orchidaceae Cypripedium reginae showy lady's-slipper Y CCr S3 not seen r, two locations swampy calc. woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

helleborine, eastern helleborine, Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine N SE increased! r, three records limestone talus Vascular Forb/herb Perennial broad-leaved helleborine

Orchidaceae Galearis spectabilis Orchis spectabilis showy orchis Y CCr R? S4 declined loc abund rich, often calc. soil in woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Orchidaceae Goodyera pubescens downy rattlesnake-plantain Y CCr S? S4S5 not seen r dry woodlands Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Orchidaceae Goodyera tesselata checkered rattlesnake plantain Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Orchidaceae Isotria verticillata large whorled pogonia Y CCr S3S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial swampy woods & open bogs, occ. In Orchidaceae Liparis loeselii Loesel's twayblade, fen orchid Y CCr S4 declined freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dry soil Orchidaceae Malaxis unifolia green adder's-mouth Y CCr S4 not seen r swampy woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Orchidaceae Platanthera aquilonis Habenaria hyperborea northern green orchid Y CCr S4 declined? infreq rocky woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Orchidaceae Platanthera blephariglottis Habenaria blephariglottis white fringed orchis Y CCr S4 not seen r sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Habenaria Orchidaceae Platanthera clavellata (=Gymnadeniopsis) small green woodland orchid Y CCr S4 declined? loc abund sphagnous woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial clavellata var clavellata Platanthera flava var. Orchidaceae Plathantera flava pale green orchid Y CCr R? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial herbiola Orchidaceae Platanthera hookeri Habenaria hookeri Hooker's orchid Y CCr S1 not seen r, two locations steep rocky acid slope Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Platanthera lacera Habenaria lacera fringed orchid, green fringed orchis Y CCu R? S4 declined freq meadows, open fields and woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Platanthera orbiculata large round-leaved orchid Y CCr S4? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial purple fringed orchid, lesser purple Orchidaceae Platanthera psycodes Habenaria psycodes Y CCr R S4 declined c swampy woods or meadows Vascular Herbaceous Perennial fringed orchid open bogs, usually sphagnum, Orchidaceae Pogonia ophioglossoides rose pogonia Y CCr R S4 declined loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial sometimes calc. fens wet meadows and open bogs, or dry Orchidaceae Spiranthes cernua nodding ladies'-tresses Y CCu S4 declined freq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial sandy/gravelly fields Spiranthes lacera var. Orchidaceae Spiranthes gracilis southern slender ladies'-tresses Y CCr R S3S4 declined c dry grassy fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial gracilis

Orchidaceae Spiranthes lacera var. lacera northern slender ladies'-tresses Y CCr R S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

shining ladies'-tresses, wide- Orchidaceae Spiranthes lucida Y CCr S5 same r, two locations shale rocks in stream bed Vascular Herbaceous Perennial leaved ladies'-tresses Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 29 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Orchidaceae Spiranthes ochroleuca yellow nodding ladies'-tresses Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orchidaceae Spiranthes romanzoffiana hooded ladies'-tresses Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Orobanchaceae Conopholis americana squaw-root Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Orobanchaceae Epifagus virginiana beechdrops Y CCu S5 same freq in woods, under beech Vascular Forb/herb Annual Orobanchaceae Orobanche uniflora one-flowered broomrape Y CCr R S4 declined infreq moist woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Annual Osmundaceae Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern Y S5 same c wet places, swampy woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Osmundaceae Osmunda claytoniana interrupted fern Y CCg S5 same freq, esp. E upland meadows and thickets Vascular-FernFern Perennial Osmunda regalis var. Osmundaceae Osmunda regalis royal fern Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common wet places, esp. swampy woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial spectabilis Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata creeping wood-sorrel N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Oxalidaceae Oxalis dillenii slender yellow wood-sorrel Y CCu? S5 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Oxalidaceae Oxalis montana Oxalis acetosella white wood-sorrel Y CCr S5 declined only NE, where common cool moist conifer woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

yellow wood-sorrel, upright yellow Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta Y S5 same c damp shaded places, cult. Grds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial wood-sorrel moist rich woods (actually: dry oak Oxalidaceae Oxalis violacea violet wood-sorrel Y CCr S2S3 same r Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woods…) Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus celandine, greater celandine N-I? SE increased! loc abund moist woods and banks Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Papaveraceae Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot Y CCu S4 declined c moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

pokeweed, common pokeweed, woods and wooded banks, recent Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana Y CCu S5 declined only HuV, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pokeweed, poke, pokeberry clearings

Pinaceae Larix decidua European larch N SE increased r, one record old field Vascular Tree Perennial calc marshes and wet meadows, Pinaceae Larix laricina tamarack, American larch Y CCu S S5 declined loc abund Vascular Tree Perennial acidic bogs Pinaceae Picea abies Norway spruce N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Picea mariana black spruce, bog spruce Y CCr S2 S5 same r Sphagnum bogs Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Picea rubens red spruce Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Pinus resinosa red pine Y CCr S5 same? r woods Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Pinus rigida pitch pine Y S5 same c dry sandy soil and on rocks Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Pinus strobus white pine, eastern white pine Y S5 same c woods in all kinds of habitats Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Pinaceae Tsuga canadensis hemlock, eastern hemlock Y S5 same c cool, shady woods Vascular Tree Perennial largebracted plantain, rat-tail Plantaginaceae Plantago aristata N SE not seen infreq, loc abund weed in dry sandy or gravelly soil Vascular Herbaceous Annual plantain, western ripplegrass Plantaginaceae Plantago cordata heart-leaved plantain Y CCr S3 same r semiaquatic along HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata narrow-leaved plantain N SE same c, very! fields, lawns, and waste places Vascular Herbaceous Biennial broad-leaved plantain, nipple-seed Plantaginaceae Plantago major N SE same c, very! fields, meadows, lawns Vascular Forb/herb Perennial plantain Plantaginaceae Plantago psyllium Plantago indica sand plantain N SE not seen r, one record on cinders along railroad Vascular Forb/herb Annual Plantaginaceae Plantago rugelii black-seed plantain Y CCu S5 not seen infreq, along HuR weedy Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis sycamore, American plane-tree Y S5 same freq banks of streams, occ elsewhere Vascular Tree Perennial

Rhode Island bent, Rhode Island Poaceae Agrostis capillaris Agrostis tenuis N SE not seen r, one record hayfields Vascular Graminoid Perennial bentgrass, colonial bent Poaceae Agrostis gigantea Agrostis alba redtop, black bentgrass N SE same c meadows, pastures, woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial southern hairgrass, southern Poaceae Agrostis hyemalis Y S4S5 same? c dry fields and woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial ticklegrass, winter bentgrass

Poaceae Agrostis perennans autumn bent, upland bent Y CCu S5 same infreq? dry or damp fields and woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Agrostis scabra rough bentgrass Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera creeping bentgrass N S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 30 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Poaceae Alopecurus aequalis Alopecurus aequalis short-awn foxtail Y CCu R S5 same only HuV, infreq shores and muddy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Andropogon gerardii big bluestem Y CCu S5 same infreq rocky or moist soil, near water Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal grass N SE same c meadows and roadsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Aristida dichotoma Aristida dichotoma Shinners three-awned grass Y CCu S5 declined? c dry soil Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Aristida oligantha prairie three-awn grass N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Arrhenatherum elatius tall oatgrass N SE same locally abund meadows and roadsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Avena sativa cultivated oat N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Avenella flexuosa Deschampsia flexuosa wavy hair grass Y S5 same freq dry rocky woods & slopes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua curtipendula side-oats grama Y CCr S1 not seen r, loc abund dry shaly hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial northern long-awned wood grass, Poaceae Brachyelytrum aristosum Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial northern short-husk southern long-awned wood grass, Poaceae Brachyelytrum erectum Y CCu S5 declined? freq moist or rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial bearded short-husk swampy meadows, esp. calc. Poaceae Bromus ciliatus fringed brome Y CCu S5 same? loc abund Vascular Graminoid Perennial marshes Poaceae Bromus commutatus hairy brome N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Bromus inermis awnless brome, smooth brome N SE increased r, one record meadow Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Bromus kalmii wild chess Y CCu R? S4 same? infreq cool, swampy or rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Bromus purgans Poaceae Bromus latiglumis Canada brome Y CCu S5 same? local moist woods, along streams Vascular Herbaceous Perennial (=B.altissimus) Poaceae Bromus pubescens hairy wood brome grass Y CCu S5 declined? freq woods, often rocky, calc. Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Bromus racemosus bald brome N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Bromus secalinus rye brome N SE same infreq cult fields, meadows, roadsides Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Bromus tectorum cheat grass N SE same infreq, loc abund roadsides and along railroads Vascular Graminoid Annual

Poaceae Calamagrostis canadensis Calamagrostis canadensis blue-joint reedgrass Y CCu S5 declined? c moist grounds and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Calamagrostis perplexa wood reed grass Y CCr S1 same? r rocky (schist) slopes Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Cenchrus longispinus long-spine sandbur Y CCu S5 same? loc abund dredged sand along HuR Vascular Graminoid Annual sweet woodreed, wood reedgrass, swampy woods and borders of Poaceae Cinna arundinacea Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common Vascular Herbaceous Perennial stout woodreed ponds and streams

Poaceae Cinna latifolia slender wood reedgrass Y CCg S5 same only E cool swamps and moist rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Coleataenia longifolia ssp. Panicum rigidulum, Poaceae redtop panicgrass Y CCr SNR not seen r, one record moist gravelly-sandy shores Vascular Graminoid Perennial rigidula Panicum agrostoides Poaceae Dactylis glomerata orchard grass N SE same c fields, meadows, waste places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Danthonia compressa flattened oatgrass Y CCu S5 same? loc abund moist, rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Danthonia spicata poverty oatgrass Y S5 same c dry sandy or rocky fields and woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Deschampsia cespitosa Eurasian tufted hairgrass N S5 same local dry shaly slopes, breakwater pilings Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Dichanthelium acuminatum not in FCC, taxonomy Poaceae panic grass Y SNR same? Vascular Graminoid Perennial ssp. acuminatum changed?

Dichanthelium acuminatum Poaceae Panicum columbianum panic grass Y CCr S5 not seen one record Vascular Graminoid Perennial ssp. columbianum

Dichanthelium acuminatum dry fields and woodlands, sandy or Poaceae Panicum lanuginosum panic grass Y CCg S5 same freq E Vascular Graminoid Perennial ssp. fasciculatum rocky places

Dichanthelium acuminatum not in FCC, taxonomy Poaceae Lindheimer's panicgrass Y SNR same? Vascular Graminoid Perennial var. lindheimeri changed?

Poaceae Dichanthelium boreale northern witchgrass Y CCr? S3 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Dichanthelium boscii Bosc's panicgrass Y CCr? SNR not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial? Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 31 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Poaceae Dichanthelium clandestinum Panicum clandestinum deer-tongue witchgrass Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq moist sandy soil, along creeks Vascular Graminoid Perennial?

Dichanthelium Poaceae Panicum depauperatum starved witchgrass Y CCu S5 same? occ dry sandy soil, edge of woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial? depauperatum

Poaceae Dichanthelium dichotomum Panicum dichotomum small-fruited panicgrass Y CCu S5 same? occ dry woodlands Vascular Graminoid Perennial?

Poaceae Dichanthelium latifolium Panicum latifolium broad-leaf witchgrass Y CCu S4 declined? freq dry or rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial?

dry woods and shaly banks and Poaceae Dichanthelium linearifolium Panicum linearifolium slim-leaf witchgrass Y CCu S5 declined? c Vascular Graminoid Perennial? knolls

Dichanthelium oligosanthes Poaceae Scribner's panicgrass Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial? ssp. scribnerianum

Poaceae Digitaria ischaemum smooth crabgrass N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual

Poaceae Digitaria sanguinalis hairy crabgrass N SE same c cult fields, lawns, and waste places Vascular Graminoid Annual

Poaceae Echinochloa colona jungle grass N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa crusgalli barnyardgrass N SE same c cult grds and wet places Vascular Graminoid Annual Echinochloa crusgalli var. Poaceae Echinochloa frumentacea billion dollar grass N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Annual frumentacea Poaceae Echinochloa muricata rough barnyard grass Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Echinochloa walteri Walter's barnyard grass Y CCr S5 same? r tidal marshes Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Eleusine indica India goosegrass N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Elymus canadensis Elymus canadensis Canada wildrye Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq dry shaly banks Vascular Graminoid Perennial bottle-brush grass, eastern bottle- Poaceae Elymus hystrix Hystix patula Y S5 same c woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial brush grass Agropyron (=Elytrigia) Poaceae Elymus repens quackgrass N SE same c waste and cultiv. Grounds Vascular Graminoid Perennial repens margins of streams and ponds, Poaceae Elymus riparius river wild-rye Y CCu S5 declined? freq Vascular Graminoid Perennial moist meadows and thickets Elymus trachycaulus ssp. Poaceae Agropyron subsecundum slender wheatgrass Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry rocky woods and knolls Vascular Graminoid Perennial subsecundus Poaceae Elymus villosus hairy wild rye Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, infreq dry banks and along streams Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye Y S5 same c moist soil, along streams Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Elymus wiegandii Wiegand's wild rye Y CCu S4 same occ shaded alluvial soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Eragrostis capillaris tiny love-grass Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry sandy or shaly hillsides Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Eragrostis cilianensis stinkgrass N SE increased? r, one record sandy dooryard Vascular Herbaceous Annual Poaceae Eragrostis frankii Frank's love-grass Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Eragrostis hypnoides teal love grass Y CCr S5 not seen r dry, sandy places Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Eragrostis minor Eragrostis poaeoides little lovegrass N SE not seen infreq, loc abund dry soil along railroads Vascular Graminoid Annual

Poaceae Eragrostis pectinacea Eragrostis pectinacea lovegrass Y CCu S5 declined? c waste grounds, moist soil, old roads Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa Eragrostis pilosa India love-grass N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Eragrostis spectabilis purple lovegrass Y CCu S5 same? infreq dry soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Festuca heterophylla variousleaf fescue N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Festuca ovina sheep fescue N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Poaceae Festuca rubra red fescue N SE same locally abund dry fields and roadsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Festuca subverticillata Festuca obtusa nodding fescue Y S5 same c rocky woods, esp. calc Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Festuca trachyphylla hard fescue, sheep fescue N SE not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Glyceria acutiflora sharp-scaled manna grass Y CCu S5 same infreq borders of small ponds and springs Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Glyceria borealis small floating manna grass Y CCu S5 same infreq borders of ponds and swamps Vascular Graminoid Perennial Rattlesnake grass, Canada manna Poaceae Glyceria canadensis Y CCu S5 declined freq swamps and borders of ponds Vascular Graminoid Perennial grass Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 32 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

giant manna grass, American Poaceae Glyceria grandis Y CCu R S5 declined c swampy places Vascular Graminoid Perennial manna grass, giant glyceria Poaceae Glyceria melicaria slender manna grass Y CCu S5 declined c moist places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Glyceria septentrionalis Glyceria septentrionalis floating manna grass Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record swampy woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Glyceria striata fowl manna grass Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Holcus lanatus common velvetgrass N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Poaceae Hordeum jubatum Hordeum jubatum foxtail barley N SE increased r, one location adventive in railroad yard Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Leersia oryzoides rice cutgrass Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Leersia virginica white grass, Virginia cutgrass Y S5 same c wet places Vascular Graminoid Perennial Lolium perenne var. Annual/Per Poaceae Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid aristatum ennial Lolium perenne var. Poaceae Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass N SE increased r, one location on cult grd Vascular Graminoid Perennial perenne Poaceae Microstegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass, eulalia N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Milium effusum var. Poaceae Milium effusum tall millet-grass Y CCr S5 not seen r woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial cisatlanticum

Poaceae Muhlenbergia frondosa wirestem muhly Y CCu S5 same loc abund roadsides, waste grounds, woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Muhlenbergia glomerata spiked muhly Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq calc. marshes and rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana Mexican muhly Y CCg S5 same only E, freq moist woods, wet meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Muhlenbergia schreberi Schreber muhly Y CCu? S5 increased r, one record wet Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Muhlenbergia sobolifera cliff muhly Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Muhlenbergia sylvatica woodland muhly Y CCu S5 same infreq moist woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Muhlenbergia tenuiflora slender muhly Y CCg S5 same only E, freq dry rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Oryzopsis asperifolia white-grained mountain-ricegrass Y CCg S5 same only E >300m, freq dry rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

weed in cult grds, roadsides, waste Poaceae Panicum capillare old witch panicgrass Y S5 same freq Vascular Graminoid Annual places

Poaceae Panicum dichotomiflorum Panicum dichotomiflorum fall panicgrass Y CCu S5 same loc abund tidal flats and sandy shores Vascular Graminoid Annual

Panicum philadelphicum only in Hu&HaV, occ and sandy and muddy shores and Poaceae Panicum gattingeri Gattinger panicgrass Y CCu S5 same? Vascular Graminoid Annual ssp. gattingeri increasing weed roadsides Panicum philadelphicum Poaceae Panicum tuckermanii Tuckerman's panicgrass Y CCu same? infreq sandy and muddy shores Vascular Graminoid Annual var. tuckermanii Poaceae Panicum virgatum switchgrass Y CCu S5 same? only HuV, infreq moist or sandy soil Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea reed canary grass Y/N-I S5 increased! c swamps and creek banks Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Phleum pratense timothy, meadow timothy N SE same c meadows and roadsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial common reed, European common Poaceae Phragmites australis Phragmites communis N-I SE increased r calc. marshes Vascular Graminoid Perennial reed

Poaceae Piptatherum racemosum Oryzopsis racemosa black-fruited mountain-ricegrass Y CCu S5 declined? c rocky woods, mostly calc. Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Poa alsodes grove bluegrass Y CCg S5 same? only E rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Poa annua annual bluegrass, speargrass N SE same c lawns and cultivated grounds Vascular Herbaceous Annual Poaceae Poa compressa Canada bluegrass N SE declined? c woods, meadows, fields Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Poa nemoralis woods bluegrass N SE not seen r, one record shale rocks Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Poa palustris fowl bluegrass, meadowgrass Y S5 same c meadows and moist ground Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Poaceae Poa pratensis bluegrass N SE same c fields, meadows, woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial Poaceae Poa saltuensis Poa saltuensis drooping bluegrass Y CCg S5 same? only E rocky woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial rough-sheathed bluegrass, Poaceae Poa trivialis Poa trivialis N SE same infreq meadows Vascular Graminoid Perennial Scribner bluegrass Poaceae Puccinellia distans weeping alkaligrass N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Schedonorus arundinacea tall fescue N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 33 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Festuca pratensis or Poaceae Schedonorus pratensis meadow fescue N SE increased freq woods, fields, roadsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial elatior

Poaceae Schizachne purpurascens purple oat Y CCu S5 same? loc abund rocky, calc. woods Vascular Graminoid Perennial

dry fields and hillsides, often in Poaceae Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem Y CCu? S5 declined? c Vascular Graminoid Perennial sterile, acidic soil Poaceae Setaria faberi giant foxtail N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Setaria parviflora Setaria geniculata bristly foxtail Y CCr S3? not seen not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial Setaria glauca, Setaria Poaceae Setaria pumila yellow foxtail, yellow bristlegrass N SE same c waste and cultiv. Grounds Vascular Graminoid Annual lutescens

Poaceae Setaria viridis green foxtail, green bristle grass N SE same infreq waste and cultiv. Grounds Vascular Graminoid Annual

Poaceae Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass, yellow Indiangrass Y CCr S? S5 same? r, loc abund dry shaly hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial

Poaceae Spartina pectinata fresh water cordgrass Y CCr S5 same? local tidal mud Vascular Graminoid Perennial Sphenopholis obtusata Annual/Per Poaceae Sphenopholis intermedia slender wedgescale Y CCu S5 declined? freq moist places, rocky woods Vascular Graminoid var. major ennial Poaceae Sphenopholis nitida shiny wedgegrass Y CCr S5 not seen r dry wooded hillsides Vascular Graminoid Perennial Sphenopholis obtusata Annual/Per Poaceae Sphenopholis obtusata wedgegrass Y CCr S1 not seen r dry soil Vascular Graminoid var. obtusata ennial Poaceae Sporobolus vaginiflorus Sporobolus vaginiflorus sheathed dropseed Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry soil Vascular Graminoid Annual Torreyochloa pallida var. Poaceae Glyceria fernaldii Fernald's false mannagrass Y CCr S5 not seen one record mudy shore Vascular Graminoid Perennial fernaldii Torreyochloa pallida var. Puccinellia pallida, Poaceae pale manna grass Y S5 declined? freq moist places, sometimes in water Vascular Graminoid Perennial pallida Glyceria pallida purple-top , tall purple-top Poaceae Tridens flavus Tridens flavus Y CCu S5 increased? not in FCC Vascular Graminoid Perennial fluffgrass Poaceae Triplasis purpurea Triplasis purpurea purple sandgrass Y CCu S4 same? loc abund dredged sand along HuR Vascular Graminoid Annual Poaceae Trisetum spicatum narrow false oats Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record dry shale Vascular Graminoid Perennial wild rice, eastern wild rice, Indian Poaceae Zizania aquatica Zizania aquatica Y CCu S5 declined? only HuR,where common tidal marshes Vascular Graminoid Annual rice, annual wildrice Polemoniaceae Phlox paniculata fall phlox N SE same occ woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Polemoniaceae Phlox subulata moss phlox, moss pink N, although considered native in other partsS4 of NYSsame occ cemeteries and yards Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Polygalaceae Polygala paucifolia gay-wing milkwort Y CCu S5 declined? c woods and shady banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Polygalaceae Polygala polygama racemed milkwort Y CCr S5 not seen r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Polygalaceae Polygala sanguinea field milkwort Y CCu S? S5 same infreq fields and meadows Vascular Forb/herb Annual Polygalaceae Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot Y CCu S5 same infreq rocky, calc. woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Polygala verticillata var. Polygalaceae whorled milkwort Y CCr S3? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual ambigua Polygala verticillata var. Polygalaceae Polygala verticillata whorled milkwort Y CCu S? S5 declined? c dry fields and hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Annual verticillata Polygonaceae Fagopyrum esculentum Fagopyrum sagittatum buckwheat N SE decreased freq escaped from cult. Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Polygonaceae Fallopia cilinodis Polygonum cilinode fringed black bindweed Y CCg S5 same? c E, r in HuV thickets and woods in rocky places Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Vine, Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus Polygonum convolvulus black bindweed N SE same c waste and cultiv. Grounds Vascular Annual Forb/herb European climbing buckwheat, Vine, Polygonaceae Fallopia dumetorum climbing false buckwheat, corpse- N SE same infreq rocky woods (FNE:weedy) Vascular Perennial Forb/herb bindweed Japanese knotweed, Japanese Polygonaceae Fallopia japonica Polygonum cuspidatum N-I SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial bamboo Fallopia scandens var. Vine, Polygonaceae Polygonum dumetorum climbing false-buckwheat Y CCu S4 same? infreq rocky woods Vascular Perennial cristatum Forb/herb Polygonum scandens var. Fallopia scandens var. Vine, Polygonaceae dumetorum (=Tiniaria climbing false buckwheat Y CCg S5 same? only HuV, freq thickets near ponds & streams Vascular Perennial scandens Forb/herb dumetorum) Polygonum amphibium water smartweed, longroot swamps and borders of lakes and Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia Y CCu S5 same infreq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial var. emersum smartweed ponds Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 34 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Polygonaceae Persicaria arifolia Polygonum arifolium halberd-leaf tearthumb, tear-thumb Y CCu S S5 declined? c wet places Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

water-pepper, marshpepper Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiper Polygonum hydropiper N SE increased infreq moist soil, waste and cult. Grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual smartweed Polygonum false water-pepper, swamp Polygonaceae Persicaria hydropiperoides Y CCu S5 same infreq wet places near streams and ponds Vascular Herbaceous Perennial hydropiperoides smartweed dock-leaf smartweed, pale swampy places, borders of lakes Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia Polygonum lapathifolium N SE same infreq Vascular Forb/herb Annual smartweed and streams creeping smartweed, bristly lady's- Polygonaceae Persicaria longiseta Polygonum caespitosum N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Annual thumb

lady's-thumb, spotted lady's-thumb, weedy in moist places, waste and Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Polygonum persicaria N S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial redshank, heart's-ease, smartweed cult grds

Polygonum moist soil, ditches, cult grd, weedy in Polygonaceae Persicaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania smartweed Y S5 same freq Vascular Forb/herb Annual pensylvanicum HuV wet places, esp. tidal marshes of Polygonaceae Persicaria punctata Polygonum punctatum dotted smartweed Y CCg S5 same? only HuV,where common Vascular Herbaceous Perennial HuR stout smartweed. large water Polygonaceae Persicaria robustior Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial smartweed arrow-leaf tearthumb, arrow-vine, wet places in swampy woods and Polygonaceae Persicaria sagittata Polygonum sagittatum Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial scratch-grass along streams moist soil in woods and thickets, and Polygonaceae Persicaria virginiana Polygonum virginianum jumpseed Y CCu S5 declined? c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial along streams Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare prostrate knotweed N SE same c weed Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Polygonum aviculare ssp. Polygonaceae common knotweed, doorweed N SE same c weed Vascular Herbaceous Perennial aviculare Polygonum aviculare ssp. Polygonaceae narrow-leaf knotweed N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual neglectum slender knotweed, pleat-leaf only Hu & Ha V, where Polygonaceae Polygonum tenue Polygonum tenue Y CCr S3 declined? dry shaly and sandy hills and knolls Vascular Forb/herb Annual knotweed abundant Rumex acetosella ssp. Polygonaceae sheep sorrel N SE same c dry fields, woods, and hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pyrenaicus water dock, greater water dock, Polygonaceae Rumex britannica Rumex orbiculatus Y CCu S5 same loc abund calc. marshes, swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial British dock

Polygonaceae Rumex crispus curly dock, yellow dock, sour dock N SE same c waste places, fields and cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

broad-leaf dock, broadleaf dock, Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius N SE same c waste places, fields and cult grd Vascular Herbaceous Perennial bitter dock white dock, white willow dock, Polygonaceae Rumex triangulivalvis Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial triangular-valved dock Polygonaceae Rumex verticillatus swamp dock, water dock Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Appalachian polypody, Polypodiaceae Polypodium appalachianum Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Appalachian rockcap fern Polypodiaceae Polypodium virginianum rock polypody Y S5 same c rocks and rocky banks Vascular-FernFern Perennial

Pontederiaceae Heteranthera dubia Zosterella dubia grassleaf mud-plantain Y CCu S5 declined freq shallow water, ponds and streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Pontederiaceae Heteranthera reniformis kidneyleaf mud-plantain Y CCr S3 not seen loc abund tidal mud along HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Pontederiaceae Pontederia cordata pickerelweed Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common borders of streams and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Portulacaceae Claytonia caroliniana Carolina spring-beauty Y CCr S5 same r moist woods at higher elev NE Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Virginia springbeauty, eastern Portulacaceae Claytonia virginica Claytonia virginica Y CCu S? S5 same loc abund moist woods and alluvial banks Vascular Herbaceous Perennial spring beauty

Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora rose-moss-of-garden, moss-rose N SE increased? not in FCC cultivated, and sometimes persisting Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea common purslane N SE same c weed in cult grds Vascular Forb/herb Annual large-leaf pondweed, broad-leaved Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton amplifolius Y S5 same? c ponds, lakes, quiet streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pondweed algae-like pondweed, alga Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton confervoides pondweed, Tuckerman's Y CCr S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pondweed Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 35 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus curly pondweed, curled pondweed N-I SE increased! infreq lakes and creeks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

ribbon-leaf pondweed, Nuttall's Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton epihydrus Y CCr S5 not seen r shallow water of lakes and streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pondweed Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton foliosus Potamogeton foliosus leafy pondweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq? lakes and sluggish streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton gramineus grassy pondweed Y S5 same? freq in lakes and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton hillii Hill's pondweed Y CCr S2 increased? no CC record in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton illinoensis Illinois pondweed Y S5 same? c deep water in lakes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial floating pondweed, floating-leaf Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton natans Y S5 same? freq shallow water in lakes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pondweed shallow water in lakes and quiet Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton nodosus longleaf pondweed Y S5 same? freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial streams in FCC only historical from Pine Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton obtusifolius blunt-leaf pondweed Y CCr? S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Plains Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton ogdenii Ogden's pondweed Y CCr S1 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton perfoliatus clasping-leaf pondweed Y CCu S5 same? only HuR, loc abund tidal water of HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton praelongus white-stem pondweed Y S5 same? freq deep water in larger lakes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton pulcher spotted pondweed Y CCr S2 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogeton pusillus ssp. Potamogetonaceae small pondweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq shallow ponds and sluggish streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial? pusillus shallow bays of lakes, ponds and Potamogeton pusillus ssp. Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton berchtoldi small pondweed Y CCu S5 same? loc c sluggish streams, backwaters of Vascular Forb/herb Perennial? tenuissimus HuR Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton richardsonii Richardson's pondweed Y CCg S5 same? only HuR? Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Robbins' pondweed, flatleaf Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton robbinsii Y CCu S5 same? loc abund shallow water in lakes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pondweed, fern pondweed spiral pondweed, northern Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton spirillus Y S5 same? freq shallow water in lakes and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial snailseed pondweed Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton strictifolius straight-leaf pondweed Y CCr S1 not seen no CC record in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton x haynesii pondweed Y CCr S1? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton zosteriformis flatstem pondweed Y CCg S5 same? c, except for HuR lakes, but rare in HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Potamogetonaceae Stuckenia pectinata Potamogeton pectinatus Sago pondweed Y CCu S5 same? infreq in lakes and HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial?

scarlet pimpernel, poor-man's Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis N SE increased? occ in HuV weed Vascular Herbaceous Annual weatherglass, shepherd's-clock

moist meadows, thickets, along Primulaceae Lysimachia ciliata fringed loosestrife Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial streams

Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia moneywort, creeping Jennie N-I SE increased! freq near dwellings and in moist places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Primulaceae Lysimachia quadrifolia whorled loosestrife Y S5 same c dry woods and fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Primulaceae Lysimachia terrestris swamp loosestrife Y CCu S5 declined freq wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Primulaceae Lysimachia thyrsiflora tufted loosestrife, water loosestrife Y CCu S4 same infreq swamps and borders of ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Primulaceae Trientalis borealis starflower, northern starflower Y CCg S5 same only E, where common dry woods or sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Pteridaceae Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair-fern Y CCu S4 declined? c rich soil in woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial Pteridaceae Pellaea atropurpurea purple-stem cliff-brake Y CCu R S4 same? loc abund exposed limestone rocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial Pteridaceae Pellaea glabella Pellaea glabella smooth cliff-brake Y CCr S2 not seen r, one record limestone cliff Vascular-FernFern Perennial Ranunculaceae Actaea pachypoda Actaea alba white baneberry, doll's-eyes Y CCu S5 declined c woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra red baneberry Y CCu S S5 same infreq woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Ranunculaceae Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common wet meadows and along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

long-fruited anemone, long-headed Ranunculaceae Anemone cylindrica anemone, thimbleweed, candle Y CCu? S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial anemone Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 36 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Ranunculaceae Anemone quinquefolia wood anemone, nightcaps Y CCu S5 declined c sandy and rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Anemone virginiana var. Ranunculaceae tall thimbleweed Y CCu? S4? not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial alba Anemone virginiana var. thimbleweed, tall thimbleweed, tall Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana Y CCu S5 declined? c dry woods and banks Vascular Forb/herb Perennial virginiana anemone wild columbine, Canadian Ranunculaceae Aquilegia canadensis Y CCu S5 declined? c dry rocky banks and wood Vascular Forb/herb Perennial columbine Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris marsh marigold Y S5 same c swampy woods and meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial black cohosh, black snakeroot, Ranunculaceae Cimicifuga racemosa Y CCr S4 declined loc abund rich woods, limestone soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial black bugbane Vine, Ranunculaceae Clematis occidentalis Clematis verticillaris purple clematis Y CCr R? S4 declined infreq rocky woods Vascular Perennial Subshrub Vine, Ranunculaceae Clematis virginiana virgin-bower, Virginia virgin-bower Y S5 same c moist hedges and thickets Vascular Perennial Subshrub goldthread, goldenroot, yellow moist, often swampy or sphagnum Ranunculaceae Coptis trifolia Coptis groenlandica Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common Vascular Forb/herb Perennial snakeroot woods

Ranunculaceae Hepatica nobilis var. acuta Hepatica acutiloba sharp-lobed hepatica Y CCu S5 declined only >300m, loc abund dry calcareous woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

round-lobed hepatica, round- Ranunculaceae Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa Hepatica americana Y CCu S5 declined c dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial leaved liverleaf

golden-seal, orange-root, yellow- rich soil and humus, often near Ranunculaceae Hydrastis canadensis Y CCr S2 not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial puccoon bases of limestone cliffs and slopes

Ranunculaceae Nigella damascena love-in-a-mist N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual

kidney-leaved buttercup, kidney- Ranunculaceae Ranunculus abortivus Y S5 same c moist woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial leaved crowfoot, littleleaf buttercup

Ranunculaceae Ranunculus acris common butter-cup, tall butter-cup N SE same c fields, pastures, and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Ranunculaceae Ranunculus allegheniensis Allegheny mountains crowfoot Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

water-plantain spearwort, water- Ranunculaceae Ranunculus ambigens Y CCr S4S5 not seen r ditches in mud Vascular Forb/herb Perennial plantain crowfoot Ranunculaceae Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous butter-cup N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Ranunculaceae Ranunculus fascicularis early buttercup Y CCr S5 not seen r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial muddy ditches and exposed mud, Ranunculaceae Ranunculus flabellaris yellow water-crowfoot Y CCu S? S5 same infreq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial shallow water Ranunculus flammula var. Ranunculaceae Ranunculus reptans greater creeping spearwort Y CCu S5 not seen r, one record muddy shore Vascular Forb/herb Perennial reptans Ranunculus hispidus var. Ranunculus swamp buttercup, marsh buttercup swampy woods, wet borders of Ranunculaceae Y S5 same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial caricetorum septentrionalis (common variety) ponds Ranunculus hispidus var. Ranunculaceae hispid buttercup Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common wooded hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial hispidus Ranunculus hispidus var. Ranunculus swampy woods and wet borders of Ranunculaceae swamp buttercup (rare variety!) Y CCr S1 declined? c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial nitidus septentrionalis streams and ponds white water-crowfoot, eastern Ranunculaceae Ranunculus longirostris Y CCr S5 same r lakes and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial white water-crowfoot Ranunculaceae Ranunculus micranthus rock crowfoot Y CCr S3 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bristly buttercup, Pennsylvania Ranunculaceae Ranunculus pensylvanicus buttercup, bristly buttercup, bristly Y CCu S5 same infreq moist rich soil Vascular Herbaceous Annual crowfoot

Ranunculaceae Ranunculus recurvatus Ranunculus recurvatus hooked buttercup, hooked crowfoot Y CCu S5 declined c moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Ranunculus repens forma Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens creeping butter-cup N-I SE same occ escaped from cult. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial plentiflorus Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus cursed crowfoot, blisterwort N SE not seen only HuR, where rare! a salt-marsh species Vascular Herbaceous Annual early meadow-rue, quicksilver- Ranunculaceae Thalictrum dioicum Y CCu S5 declined c dry woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial weed Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 37 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

tall meadow-rue, late meadow-rue, Ranunculaceae Thalictrum pubescens Thalictrum polygamum meadow-weed, muskrat-weed, Y CCu S5 declined c wet meadows and swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial king-of-the-meadow

Ranunculaceae Thalictrum thalictroides Anemonella thalictroides rue-anemone, windflower Y CCu S5 declined c dry woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

yellowroot, shrub yellowroot, brook- Ranunculaceae Xanthorhiza simplicissima N SE not seen r, one record wood Vascular Shrub Perennial feather Ceanothus americanus Subshrub, Rhamnaceae Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea Y CCu R S5 declined loc abund dry hillsides and margins of woods Vascular Perennial var. americanus Shrub Rhamnaceae Rhamnus alnifolia alderleaf buckthorn Y CCu R S4 declined loc abund calc. marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica buckthorn, common buckthorn N-I SE increased! occ dry woods and old pastures Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial agrimony, tall hairy agrimony, Rosaceae Agrimonia gryposepala Y S5 same c pastures, roadsides, wooded banks Vascular Herbaceous Perennial harvest lice, cocklebur small-flowered agrimony, swamp Rosaceae Agrimonia parviflora Y CCu S3 increased? infreq pastures and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial agrimony Rosaceae Agrimonia pubescens soft Agrimony, soft groovebur Y CCu S4 same infreq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rosaceae Agrimonia striata woodland agrimony Y CCu S5 same infreq woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial downy shadbush, downy Rosaceae Amelanchier arborea Y S5 same c woods and fence rows, dry soil Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial serviceberry Rosaceae Amelanchier canadensis oblong-leaf serviceberry Y CCr S5 same? r, one record calc. marshes Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Amelanchier humilis running serviceberry Y CCu S4 declined? only HuV, freq dry shaly hillsides and bluffs Vascular Shrub Perennial

Rosaceae Amelanchier intermedia Amelanchier x intermedia serviceberry Y CCr S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial

smooth shadbush, Allegheny rocky woods, dry soil on schist and Rosaceae Amelanchier laevis Y CCg S5 same only E, freq Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial service-berry quartzite rocky woods, bluffs, limestone Rosaceae Amelanchier sanguinea roundleaf shadbush Y CCr S5 declined? infreq Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial ledges Rosaceae Amelanchier spicata Amelanchier stolonifera running serviceberry Y CCu R S5 declined? only E rocky summits >450m Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberry Y CCr S4 not seen r bogs Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common swamps and rocky uplands Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial marsh cinquefoil, five-fingers, Rosaceae Comarum palustre Potentilla palustris Y CCr S4 same r, one record swampy lake shore Vascular Herbaceous Perennial purple cinquefoil Rosaceae Crataegus biltmoreana Biltmore hawthorn Y CCr S1? increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Crataegus chrysocarpa fineberry hawthorn Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Crataegus coccinea scarlet hawthorn Y CCr S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial sandy or shaly soil in fields and Rosaceae Crataegus crus-galli cockspur hawthorn Y CCu S5 same infreq Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial woods Rosaceae Crataegus dissona Northern hawthorn Y CCu increased? not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Crataegus dodgei Dodge's hawthorn Y CCu increased? not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Crataegus intricata hawthorn Y CCr S2? declined? only HuV, freq rocky woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial hillsides, field, thickets, dry or moist Rosaceae Crataegus macrosperma Crataegus flabellata hawthorn Y CCu S5 declined? c Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial soil escaped into field, pastures, and Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna hawthorn N SE same occ Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial woods seen once Rosaceae Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington hawthorn N not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial in cult Rosaceae Crataegus pruinosa waxyfruit hawthorn Y CCu S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Crataegus punctata dotted hawthorn Y CCu S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Rosaceae Crataegus succulenta Crataegus macracantha fleshy hawthorn Y CCr S4 not seen r, two locations Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Dasiphora fruticosa ssp. calc. soils, swamps and moist open Rosaceae Potentilla fructicosa shrubby cinquefoil Y CCu S4 same loc abund Vascular Shrub Perennial floribunda hillsides Rosaceae Duchesnea indica Indian mock-strawberry N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Fragaria vesca ssp. Rosaceae woodland strawberry Y CCu S5 same occ Vascular Forb/herb Perennial americana

Rosaceae Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca woodland strawberry N SE same occ escaped Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 38 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry, Virginia strawberry Y S5 same c fields and woods, in rich soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Rosaceae Geum aleppicum yellow avens Y CCu S5 declined? freq wet meadows, swampy woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Rosaceae Geum canadense white avens Y S5 same c woods and thickets Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rosaceae Geum laciniatum rough avens Y CCu S5 declined? c woods and swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial calcareous wet meadows, open Rosaceae Geum rivale purple avens, water avens Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq calc Vascular Forb/herb Perennial marshes, moist thicket Rosaceae Geum vernum spring avens Y CCr S2S3 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rosaceae Geum virginianum cream avens Y CCr S2 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Rosaceae Malus coronaria sweet crab-apple Y CCu R? S3? increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Malus pumila apple N SE same freq fence rows and old fields Vascular Tree Perennial Pyrus sieboldii, Malus Rosaceae Malus sieboldii toringa crabapple N-I? SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial toringo only along HuR, where rocky ledges and swamps along Rosaceae Physocarpus opulifolius ninebark, eastern ninebark Y CCu S5 declined Vascular Shrub Perennial common HuR Rosaceae Potentilla argentea silvery cinquefoil N SE declined? freq dry sandy or rocky soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Rosaceae Potentilla arguta tall cinquefoil Y CCu S5 declined? infreq dry fields and rocky streambanks Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Rosaceae Potentilla canadensis Canada cinquefoil Y S4 same freq fields and woods, dry or sandy soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Potentilla norvegica ssp. Potentilla norvegica var. rough-leaf cinquefoil, Norwegian Rosaceae N SE? same c dry fields Vascular Herbaceous Perennial monspeliensis hirsuta cinquefoil, three-leaf cinquefoil

Rosaceae Potentilla recta sulphur cinquefoil N SE increased occ meadows Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common cinquefoil, old-field Rosaceae Potentilla simplex Y S5 same c fields and woods, weedy Vascular Forb/herb Perennial cinquefoil Rosaceae Prunus americana American plum Y CCr S3S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial Rosaceae Prunus avium sweet cherry N SE same occ escaped Vascular Tree Perennial Rosaceae Prunus cerasus sour red cherry N SE same occ escaped Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Prunus domestica garden plum, European plum N SE same occ escape along fences Vascular Tree Perennial pin cherry, fire cherry, wild red dry rocky woods, shaly bluffs, open Rosaceae Prunus pensylvanica Prunus pensylvanica Y CCu S5 declined? only E, where common Vascular Tree Perennial cherry, bird cherry sandy fields Prunus pumila var. Rosaceae Susquehanna cherry Y CCr? S4 declined only SE, freq bare rocky summits and bluffs Vascular Shrub Perennial susquehanae Rosaceae Prunus serotina wild black cherry Y S5 same c woods Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Prunus virginiana choke cherry Y S5 same c thickets and fence rows Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Pyrus communis common pear N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial thickets in wet places about lakes Rosaceae Rosa blanda Rosa blanda smooth rose, meadow rose Y CCu S5 declined? infreq Vascular Shrub Perennial and ponds Rosaceae Rosa canina dog rose N SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Vine, Shrub Perennial Subshrub, Rosaceae Rosa carolina pasture rose, Carolina rose Y SNR same freq woods, pastures, fence rows Vascular Perennial Shrub Subshrub, Rosaceae Rosa micrantha smallflower sweetbrier N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Perennial Shrub Rosaceae Rosa multiflora multiflora rose, rambler rose N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Vine, Shrub Perennial open swampy thickets, esp. ebund Rosaceae Rosa palustris swamp rose Y S5 same c Vascular Shrub Perennial in calc marshes of HaV only HuV, freq on clay Rosaceae Rosa rubiginosa Rosa eglanteria sweet brier N SE check id old fields and pastures Vascular Shrub Perennial soils Rosaceae Rosa virginiana Virginia rose Y CCu R? S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry Y S5 same c fields, thickets, clearings, edges Vascular Shrub Perennial dry sandy and rocky soil, open fields Rosaceae Rubus flagellaris dewberry, northern dewberry Y S5 same c Vascular Shrub Perennial or thickets swamps and moist woods, Rosaceae Rubus hispidus swamp dewberry, bristly dewberry Y CCg S5 same c, esp E Vascular Shrub Perennial sphagnous hummocks

Rosaceae Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus American red raspberry Y S5 same c woods, pastures, clearings Vascular Shrub Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 39 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Rosaceae Rubus occidentalis black raspberry Y S5 same c woods, pastures, clearings Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Rubus odoratus purple flowering raspberry Y CCg S5 same c, esp E woods and thickets Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Rubus pensilvanicus Pennsylvania blackberry Y CCr? S5 increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial Rosaceae Rubus phoenicolasius wineberry N-I SE increased! not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial swamps, wet woods, often on Rosaceae Rubus pubescens Rubus pubescens dwarf red blackberry, plumboy Y CCu S5 declined? c E, but local also in HuV Vascular Shrub Perennial sphagnum, also calc. Rosaceae Rubus setosus Rubus groutianus setose blackberry Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record swamp Vascular Shrub Perennial burnet, Canadian burnet, American Rosaceae Sanguisorba canadensis Y CCu S5 declined c E, but local also in HuV Vascular Herbaceous Perennial burnet bare rocky summits, >450m, shist or Rosaceae Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Potentilla tridentata three-toothed cinquefoil Y CCr R S4 declined loc abund Vascular Forb/herb Perennial quartz Rosaceae Sorbaria sorbifolia false spiraea N SE increased occ escaped from cult. Vascular Shrub Perennial

Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia European mountain-ash N SE sme? occ escaped in woods and along fences Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Rosaceae Sorbus decora northern mountain-ash Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial meadow-sweet, northern meadow- Rosaceae Spiraea alba var. latifolia Spiraea latifolia Y S5 same c open swamps and hillsides Vascular Shrub Perennial sweet Rosaceae Spiraea japonica Japanese spiraea N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Shrub Perennial open swamps and hillsides, dry or Rosaceae Spiraea tomentosa steeplebush, hardhack spiraea Y CCg S5 same c, esp E Vascular Shrub Perennial wet

Waldsteinia fragarioides Rosaceae Waldsteinia fragarioides barren strawberry Y CCu S5 same local rocky or rich woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial var. fragarioides

Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis buttonbush, common buttonbush Y CCu S5 declined? freq swamps and margins of ponds Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

moist woods and ravines, on clay Vine, Rubiaceae Galium aparine cleavers Y CCg S5 same only HuV, freq Vascular Annual and limestone Forb/herb Rubiaceae Galium asprellum rough bedstraw Y S5 same freq moist thickets and open swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Subshrub, Rubiaceae Galium boreale northern bedstraw Y CCr R? S5 not seen r dry banks on shaly or clay soil Vascular Perennial Shrub Rubiaceae Galium circaezans licorice bedstraw Y S5 same c dry woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Rubiaceae Galium labradoricum bog bedstraw Y CCu S4 same local calc marshes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rubiaceae Galium lanceolatum Torrey's wild licorice Y CCu S5 declined? freq dry loamy, sandy or rocky Vascular Forb/herb Perennial common bedstraw, white Rubiaceae Galium mollugo N SE increased c in HuV, else occ pest on clays and shales in HuV Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bedstraw, wild madder moist woods and swampy borders of Rubiaceae Galium obtusum blunt-leaf bedstraw Y CCu S5 same infreq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial ponds Rubiaceae Galium palustre marsh bedstraw Y CCr S5 same? r wet places, along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rubiaceae Galium pilosum hairy bedstraw Y CCr S4 same? r dry shaly hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial moist wooded swamps and borders Rubiaceae Galium tinctorium stiff marsh bedstraw Y CCu S5 declined only E, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial of ponds small bedstraw, three petal open swamps and borders of ponds, Vine, Rubiaceae Galium trifidum Galium trifidum Y CCg S5 same? only E, freq Vascular Perennial bedstraw often in Sphagnum Forb/herb fragrant bedstraw, sweet-scented woods, thickets, wooded swampy Rubiaceae Galium triflorum Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial bedstraw places yellow bedstraw, yellow spring Rubiaceae Galium verum N SE same occ, c N fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial bedstraw Rubiaceae Houstonia caerulea Hedyotis caerulea bluet, azure bluet Y CCu S5 declined? only E, where common meadows and moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Rubiaceae Houstonia longifolia longleaf bluet Y CCu S5 same infreq dry sandy or rocky hills Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dry woods and grassy banks or Rubiaceae Mitchella repens partridgeberry Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial hummocks in bogs and swamps

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum americanum prickly-ash, northern prickly-ash Y CCu S5 same loc abund rich woods and thickets, calc. soil Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial

Salicaceae Populus alba white poplar N SE same occ lawns and fields, escaped Vascular Tree Perennial Salicaceae Populus balsamifera Populus balsamifera balsam poplar Y CCr S4S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Tree Perennial

Salicaceae Populus deltoides cottonwood, eastern cottonwood Y S5 same freq moist soil near water Vascular Tree Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 40 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

woods and thickets, also along Salicaceae Populus grandidentata bigtooth aspen Y S5 same freq Vascular Tree Perennial streams woods and thickets, also along Salicaceae Populus tremuloides quaking aspen Y S5 same c Vascular Tree Perennial streams Salicaceae Salix alba white willow N SE same? r, one location sand flats at Nutten Hook Vascular Tree Perennial Salicaceae Salix bebbiana Bebb's willow Y CCu S5 same infreq? moist soil, sometimes upland Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix candida sage willow, hoary willow Y CCu S S5 same loc abund calc marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix discolor pussy willow Y S5 same c springy places and swamps Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Missouri willow, Missouri river Salix rigida, Salix Salicaceae Salix eriocephala willow, diamond willow, heartleaf Y S5 same c swamps and alluvial grds Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial missouriensis willow Salicaceae Salix humilis Salix humilis tall prairie willow Y CCu S S5 declined? freq, rather dry sandy or rocky places Vascular Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix interior sandbar willow Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record sand flats Vascular Tree Perennial Salicaceae Salix lucida Salix lucida shining willow, glossy willow Y CCu S5 same? infreq swamps and wet places Vascular Tree Perennial

Salicaceae Salix nigra black willow Y CCu S5 declined? freq alluv banks and margins of streams Vascular Tree Perennial

Salicaceae Salix pedicellaris bog willow Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record acid bog Vascular Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix pentandra laurel willow N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Tree Perennial Salicaceae Salix petiolaris meadow willow Y CCr S5 not seen r, two locations springs on rocky hillsides Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix purpurea basket willow N SE not seen r wet ground Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix sericea silky willow Y CCu S S5 same c wet ground Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix serissima Salix exigua autumn willow Y CCg S S5 same? only HaV, freq calc marshes, wet places, bogs Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial Salicaceae Salix x fragilis hybrid crack willow N SE same freq established along streams Vascular Tree Perennial Santalaceae Comandra umbellata Comandra umbellata bastard toadflax Y CCu S5 declined loc abund dry rocky woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia purpurea pitcher-plant, side-saddle plant Y CCu S? S3S4 same loc abund sphagnum bogs and calc. situations Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Saxifragaceae Astilbe biternata Appalachian false goat's beard N SE not seen r, one record escaped from cult. Vascular Shrub Perennial Saxifragaceae Astilbe japonica florist's-spiraea N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Chrysosplenium golden-saxifrage, American golden- rocky brooks and margins of Saxifragaceae Y CCg S4 same only E, where common Vascular Forb/herb Perennial americanum saxifrage swamps miterwort, twoleaf miterwort, Saxifragaceae Mitella diphylla Y CCu S5 declined? c rocky woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial coolwort Saxifragaceae Mitella nuda naked bishop's-cap Y CCr S4 not seen r, one record cool boggy woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial grass-of-parnassus, Carolina grass- Saxifragaceae Parnassia glauca Y CCr S S4 same loc abund calc. marshes Vascular Forb/herb Perennial of-parnassus deep swampy woods, less often wet Saxifragaceae Saxifraga pensylvanica swamp saxifrage Y CCu S4S5 declined? only E, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial meadows

Saxifragaceae Saxifraga virginiensis early saxifrage, Virginia saxifrage Y CCu S5 declined c rocky ledges and outcrops Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

foam-flower, heart-leaved foam- Saxifragaceae Tiarella cordifolia Y CCu S5 declined only E, where common rich woods and swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial flower scheuchzeria, American Scheuchzeriaceae Scheuchzeria palustris Y CCr S3 not seen r, one record bog Vascular Forb/herb Perennial scheuchzeria Scrophulariaceae Agalinis paupercula Agalinis paupercula smallflower false foxglove Y CCr S3? declined? loc abund calc marshes Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Scrophulariaceae Agalinis tenuifolia Agalinis tenuifolia slender false foxglove Y CCr R S5 declined? only Hu&HaV, freq dry shaly hillsides, woods, meadows Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Scrophulariaceae Aureolaria flava Aureolaria (Gerardia) flava smooth yellow false foxglove Y CCr S5 declined? only E, freq dry sandy and rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Scrophulariaceae Aureolaria pedicularia fernleaf yellow false-foxglove Y CCr S4 declined? only HaV, freq dry sandy or rocky woods, acid Vascular Forb/herb Annual Scrophulariaceae Aureolaria virginica downy false foxglove Y CCr S5 declined? freq dry sandy or rocky woods, acid Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Scrophulariaceae Chaenorhinum minus dwarf snapdragon N SE not seen r, one record railroad embankment Vascular Forb/herb Annual Scrophulariaceae Chelone glabra turtlehead, white turtlehead Y CCu S5 declined? c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Scrophulariaceae Digitalis purpurea purple foxglove N SE increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Scrophulariaceae Gratiola neglecta clammy hedge-hyssop Y CCu S? S5 declined? c wet or muddy places Vascular Forb/herb Annual Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 41 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Scrophulariaceae Limosella australis Limosella subulata mudwort Y CCr S3 declined? loc abund tidal mud Vascular Forb/herb Annual butter-and-eggs, flax-weed, wild roadsides, pastures, waste and cult Scrophulariaceae Linaria vulgaris snapdragon, yellow toadflax, eggs- N SE same c Vascular Forb/herb Perennial grd and-bacon false pimpernel, yellowseed false Scrophulariaceae Lindernia dubia Y CCg S5 same only HuV,where common tidal mud, along streams and ponds Vascular Herbaceous Biennial pimpernel Melampyrum lineare var. dry acid soil in woods and on Scrophulariaceae cow-wheat, narrowleaf cow-wheat Y CCu SNR declined? c Vascular Herbaceous Annual latifolium wooded banks

Scrophulariaceae Mimulus alatus sharp-winged monkey-flower Y CCr S3 declined infreq wet places along streams and ponds Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

monkey-flower, square-stemmed Scrophulariaceae Mimulus ringens monkey-flower, Allegheny monkey- Y CCu S5 declined? c wet places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial flower

Scrophulariaceae Nuttallanthus canadensis Linaria canadensis Canada toadflax, old-field toadflax Y CCu S4 not seen only E, occ rocky open woods, dry soil Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

wood-betony, Canadian lousewort, Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis canadensis Pedicularis canadensis Y CCu S5 declined? c woods, meadows, alluv soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial forest lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis lanceolata swamp lousewort Y CCr S2 not seen loc abund moist banks along HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Penstemon laevigatus (= Scrophulariaceae Penstemon calycosus long-sepal beard-tongue N SE not seen r, one record field Vascular Forb/herb Perennial P. calycosus) white beard-tongue, talus slope Scrophulariaceae Penstemon digitalis Y CCu S5 increased occ roadsides and fields, calc. regions Vascular Herbaceous Perennial beard-tongue hairy beard-tongue, northeastern Scrophulariaceae Penstemon hirsutus Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, freq dry shaly hillsides and bluffs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial beard-tongue Scrophulariaceae Penstemon pallidus pale beard-tongue Y CCu S5 same occ dry sandy or shaly fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Scrophulariaceae Rhinanthus minor Rhinanthus crista-galli yellow-rattle, little yellow-rattle N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual

Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia lanceolata figwort, hare figwort Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common woods and thickets, dry soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

woods and pastures in rich and Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia marilandica carpenter's square Y CCu S4 same infreq Vascular Herbaceous Perennial moist soil Scrophulariaceae Verbascum blattaria moth mullein, white moth mullein N SE same occ fields, pastures, roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus great mullein N SE same c fields, roadsides, waste places Vascular Forb/herb Biennial Scrophulariaceae Veronica americana American speedwell Y CCu S5 declined? freq springy places & streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Scrophulariaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica blue water speedwell N SE same infreq springy places & streams, often calc. Vascular Herbaceous Biennial

Scrophulariaceae Veronica arvensis corn speedwell N SE same freq weedy, woods and fields Vascular Forb/herb Annual Veronica austriaca ssp. Scrophulariaceae Veronica latifolia broadleaf speedwell N SE same occ fields and roadsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial teucrium Scrophulariaceae Veronica catenata Veronica connata water speedwell Y CCr S3S5 not seen r wet places, calc Vascular Herbaceous Biennial Scrophulariaceae Veronica chamaedrys Germander speedwell N SE not seen r, one record Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Scrophulariaceae Veronica officinalis common speedwell, gypsy-weed N SE same c weedy, woods and fields Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Scrophulariaceae Veronica peregrina Veronica peregrina neckweed Y CCu S5 same? occ damp places, waste and cult grd Vascular Forb/herb Annual Scrophulariaceae Veronica persica bird-eye speedwell N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual Scrophulariaceae Veronica scutellata marsh-speedwell Y CCu S5 declined? freq ditches, swamps Vascular Forb/herb Perennial weedy on meadows, pastures, and Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia thymeleaf speedwell N SE same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial moist banks Scrophulariaceae Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's-root Y CCr S2 declined? only Hu&HaV, freq moist meadows, along streams Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Selaginellaceae Selaginella apoda creeping spikemoss Y CCr S2? not seen infreq moist places in calc soil Vascular-FernFern Perennial rock spikemoss, northern Selaginellaceae Selaginella rupestris Y CCu S4 declined? freq rocks and loose stony soil Vascular-FernFern Perennial selaginella

tree-of-heaven, Chinese sumac, Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima N-I? SE increased loc established weedy in waste places Vascular Tree Perennial ailanthus, varnish-tree, copa-tree

Smilax herbaceae var. carrion-flower, Jacob's-ladder, Vine, Smilacaceae Smilax herbacea Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV,where common woods and thickets Vascular Perennial herbacea smooth herbaceous greenbrier Forb/herb Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 42 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Vine, Smilacaceae Smilax hispida Smilax tamnoides bristly greenbrier Y CCu R S5 same? loc abund swamps near HuR Vascular Perennial Forb/herb roundleaf greenbrier, common Smilacaceae Smilax rotundifolia greenbrier, common catbrier, horse- Y CCr S5 not seen r, one record Vascular Vine Perennial brier, bull-brier jimsonweed, common thorn-apple, Solanaceae Datura stramonium Jamestown weed, purple thorn- N SE decreased c weed, cult or wast ground Vascular Herbaceous Annual apple Solanaceae Physalis heterophylla clammy ground-cherry Y CCu S5 declined? only HuV, local roadsides, clearings, dry soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Physalis longifolia var. Solanaceae Physalis subglabrata longleaf ground-cherry Y CCu S4 declined? only HuV, occ dry soil Vascular Forb/herb Perennial subglabrata Physalis pubescens var. Solanaceae low-hairy ground-cherry Y CCr S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual integrifolia

Solanaceae Solanum carolinense horsenettle, Carolina horsenettle Y CCu S5 increased! r cult or waste grounds Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

bittersweet nightshade, climbing Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara nightshade, trailing nightshade, N SE same c waste places and swamps Vascular Herbaceous Perennial bittersweet

Solanaceae Solanum nigrum Solanum americanum black nightshade N SE same occ weed in cult grds and waste places Vascular Herbaceous Annual

Solanaceae Solanum ptycanthum black nightshade Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual muddy borders of ponds and Sparganiaceae Sparganium americanum American bur-reed Y S5 same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial streams Sparganiaceae Sparganium androcladum branching bur-reed Y CCr? S3S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Sparganiaceae Sparganium angustifolium narrow-leaf bur-reed Y CCu? S3S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

poorly known, less freq Sparganiaceae Sparganium emersum Sparganium chlorocarpum unbranched bur-reed Y CCu S5 same? Vascular Herbaceous Perennial than S.americanum

Sparganiaceae Sparganium eurycarpum large bur-reed Y CCu S5 same loc abund tidal marshes, HuV Vascular Forb/herb Perennial moist or rocky woods, often on rich Staphyleaceae Staphylea trifolia bladdernut, American bladdernut Y CCu S5 declined only Hu&HaV, freq Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial or calc. soil Styracaceae Halesia carolina silver bells, possomwood N SE not seen not in FCC Vascular Tree Perennial yew, Canada yew, ground Taxaceae Taxus canadensis Y CCr S S5 declined infreq cool shady or swampy woods Vascular Shrub Perennial hemlock, American yew

Thelypteris phegopteris, Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris connectilis northern beech fern Y CCu R S5 declined only NE >300m, freq cool ravines, rocky streams Vascular-FernFern Perennial Dryopteris phegopteris

Thelypteris Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris hexagonoptera hexagonoptera, Dryopteris broad beech fern Y CCu S S4S5 declined only HuV, freq clays Vascular-FernFern Perennial hexagonoptera

Dryopteris Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern Y S5 same freq dry woods Vascular-FernFern Perennial noveboracensis Thelypteris palustris var. Thelypteridaceae Dryopteris thelypteris marsh fern Y S5 same c wet places Vascular-FernFern Perennial pubescens Thelypteridaceae Thelypteris simulata Dryopteris simulata bog fern, Massachusetts fern Y CCr S3S4 same? r sphagnous hummocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial Subshrub, Thymeliaceae Daphne mezereum daphne, February daphne N SE increased r, one record Vascular Perennial Shrub

Thymeliaceae Dirca palustris leatherwood, eastern leatherwood Y CCu R S5 declined freq rich moist woods Vascular Shrub Perennial

Tiliaceae Tilia americana basswood, American basswood Y S5 same c rich or rocky woods Vascular Tree Perennial

Trapaceae Trapa natans water chestnut N-I SE5 increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial abund along HuR, else Typhaceae Typha angustifolia narrow-leaved cattail N-I? S5 increased tidal marshes, locally elsewhere Vascular Forb/herb Perennial local Typhaceae Typha latifolia broad-leaf cattail Y S5 same c wet or swampy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Typhaceae Typha x glauca hybrid cattail N SE5 increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial rocky bluffs and ridges, shale and Ulmaceae Celtis occidentalis hackberry, common hackberry Y CCu S S4 same loc abund Vascular Tree, Shrub Perennial limestone Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 43 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

moist woods and swampy land, or Ulmaceae Ulmus americana American elm Y S5 same c Vascular Tree Perennial dry soil Ulmaceae Ulmus rubra slippery elm Y CCg S5 same only Hu&HaV, freq moist woods and along creeks Vascular Tree Perennial Ulmaceae Ulmus thomasii rock elm Y CCr S2S3 not seen no certain CC record Vascular Tree Perennial Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica false nettle, bog hemp Y S5 same c swamps and wet woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Urticaceae Laportea canadensis wood nettle Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq swampy woods and cool ravines Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Urticaceae Parietaria pensylvanica Pennsylvania pellitory Y CCr R S5 not seen r dry ledges Vascular Herbaceous Annual Urticaceae Pilea fontana springs clearweed Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Annual clearweed, richweed, Canada Urticaceae Pilea pumila Y S5 same c wet, shady places Vascular Forb/herb Annual clearweed, cool-wort thickets, roadsides, boarders of Urticaceae Urtica dioica stinging nettle Y/N S5 same freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial woodlands Valerianaceae Valeriana officinalis common valerian N SE increased not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Valeriana sitchensis var. Valerianaceae Valeriana uliginosa marsh valerian Y CCr S1S2 declined? loc abund calc marshes Vascular Shrub Perennial uliginosa Verbenaceae Phryma leptostachya lopseed Y CCu R S5 declined? freq moist soil in woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial blue vervain, swamp verbena, Verbenaceae Verbena hastata Y CCu S5 declined c pastures and wet places Vascular Herbaceous Biennial simpler's-joy narrow-leaved vervain, narrowleaf Verbenaceae Verbena simplex Y CCr R S4 not seen r, one record dry shaly slope Vascular Forb/herb Perennial vervain

Verbenaceae Verbena urticifolia white vervain Y S5 same c weedy, waste places and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Verbenaceae Verbena x engelmannii vervain hybrid Y CCr S1? increased? not in FCC Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Violaceae Hybanthus concolor green-violet, eastern green-violet Y CCr S3S4 not seen r, one record cool moist woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial

Violaceae Viola affinis sand violet Y CCu S5 not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Violaceae Viola blanda Viola incognita sweet white violet Y CCu SNR declined? c cool moist woods, rich soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Viola canadensis var. Canada violet, Canadian white Violaceae Viola canadensis Y CCu S5 same infreq rich moist woods, calc. Vascular Forb/herb Perennial canadensis violet Violaceae Viola cucullata marsh blue violet Y CCu S5 declined? freq wet open places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial dog violet, alpine violet, American Violaceae Viola labradorica Viola conspersa Y CCu? S3S5 declined? c moist rich woods Vascular Herbaceous Perennial dog violet Viola macloskeyi var. Violaceae Viola pallens smooth white violet Y CCu S5 declined? freq springy places Vascular Forb/herb Perennial pallens Violaceae Viola palmata early blue violet Y CCu S5 declined? c rich wooded hillsides Vascular Forb/herb Perennial yellow wood violet, downy yellow Violaceae Viola pubescens (incl. two varieties) Y S5 same c rich woods, dry or moist soil Vascular Herbaceous Perennial violet

Violaceae Viola renifolia V. renifolia var. brainerdii kidney-leaf white violet Y CCu S5 increased? not in FCC cool, calc. rocky woods (FNYA) Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Violaceae Viola rostrata long-spur violet Y CCu S5 declined? only E, freq dry sunny rocky woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Violaceae Viola rotundifolia roundleaf violet Y CCu R? S5 declined? only E, where common cool moist woods Vascular Forb/herb Perennial Violaceae Viola sagittata var. ovata Viola fimbriatula arrow-leaved violet Y CCu S4 declined? c dry fields and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

Violaceae Viola sagittata var. sagittata Viola sagittata arrow-leaved violet Y CCu S4 declined? c dry fields and pastures Vascular Forb/herb Perennial

moist woods and upland pastures Violaceae Viola septentrionalis northern blue violet Y CCu S5 declined only E, freq Vascular Forb/herb Perennial and meadows meadows and thickets in moist or Violaceae Viola sororia incl. Viola papilionaceae common violet Y S5 same c Vascular Herbaceous Perennial dry soil Violaceae Viola subsinuata palmate-leaved violet Y CCu S5 increased not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial Violaceae Viola x parca violet Y CCr? SNR not seen not in FCC Vascular Herbaceous Perennial parasitic on P. mariana, Sphagnum Subshrub, Viscaceae Arceuthobium pusillum dwarf mistletoe Y CCr S3? not seen r Vascular Perennial bogs Shrub

Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Y S5 same c woodlands and fence rows Vascular Vine Perennial

Vitaceae Parthenocissus vitacea woodbine Y CCu S5 same poorly known with P.quinquefolia Vascular Vine Perennial Checklist of Plants of Columbia County p. 44 of 44 (draft May 2014, compiled by the Hawthorne Valley Farmscape Ecology Program [email protected]; comments and corrections are welcome)

Family SciName simplified Synonyms CommName PopTrend FCCRarity FCCHabitat PlantType GrowthHabit Duration

State Rank

Native (Y/N)

Invasive (N-I)

Regional Rank Spec StatusCC

Vitaceae Vitis aestivalis Vitis aestivalis summer grape Y CCu S5 same? infreq, rather local woods and thickets Vascular Vine Perennial Vitaceae Vitis labrusca northern fox grape Y S5 same freq woods and thickets Vascular Vine Perennial Vitaceae Vitis riparia riverbank grape, frost grape Y S5 same c woods and thickets, fence rows Vascular Vine Perennial Vitaceae Vitis vulpina winter grape Y ?CC S1 not seen not in FCC Vascular Vine Perennial Vitaceae Vitis x labruscana grape Y CCu? SNR not seen not in FCC Vascular Vine Perennial Vitaceae Vitis x novae-angliae New England grape Y CCr S2? not seen not in FCC Vascular Vine Perennial Athyrium filix-femina ssp. Woodsiaceae Athyrium angustum lady fern Y S5 same c wet places, dry woods, roadsides Vascular-FernFern Perennial angustum moist rich soil in rocky woods, Woodsiaceae Cystopteris bulbifera bulblet fern Y CCu S5 same loc abund Vascular-FernFern Perennial limestone Woodsiaceae Cystopteris fragilis fragile fern Y CCu S4 declined? freq rocky woods and on rocks Vascular-FernFern Perennial Woodsiaceae Cystopteris tenuis Mackay's fragile fern Y CCr? S4 not seen not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial silvery glade fern, silvery Woodsiaceae Deparia acrostichoides Athyrium thelypteroides Y CCu R S5 declined? freq rich moist woods, cool ravines Vascular-FernFern Perennial spleenwort Woodsiaceae Diplazium pycnocarpon Athyrium pycnocarpon glade fern Y CCr S4 increased? not in FCC Vascular-FernFern Perennial Woodsiaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris Dryopteris disjuncta northern oak fern Y CCr R? S4S5 same? r high hills Vascular-FernFern Perennial exposed rocks and bluffs, slightly Woodsiaceae Woodsia ilvensis rusty woodsia Y CCr R? S5 declined? freq Vascular-FernFern Perennial acid

Woodsiaceae Woodsia obtusa Woodsia obtusa blunt-lobe woodsia Y CCr R? S5 declined? freq rocky woods and on cliffs, dry soil Vascular-FernFern Perennial

bog yellow-eyed grass, Carolina Xyridaceae Xyris difformis Xyris caroliniana Y CCr R? S4 not seen r sphagnum bogs Vascular Forb/herb Perennial yellow-eyed-grass Zannichelliaceae Zannichellia palustris horned pondweed Y CCu S? S5 same? local mud and shallow water HuR Vascular Forb/herb Perennial