Special Stains Product Guide
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Removal of Dyes by Adsorption on Magnetically Modified Activated
Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2016) 13:1653–1664 DOI 10.1007/s13762-016-1001-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Removal of dyes by adsorption on magnetically modified activated sludge 1 1,2 3 1,3,4 1,4 Z. Maderova • E. Baldikova • K. Pospiskova • I. Safarik • M. Safarikova Received: 18 January 2016 / Revised: 29 February 2016 / Accepted: 12 April 2016 / Published online: 25 April 2016 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2016 Abstract The ability of magnetically modified activated second-order kinetic model, and the thermodynamic data sludge affected by thermal treatment to remove water- suggested the spontaneous and endothermic process. soluble organic dyes was examined. Twelve different dyes were tested. Based on the results of the initial sorption Keywords Biosorption Á Dyes Á Magnetic adsorbent Á study, four dyes (namely aniline blue, Nile blue, Bismarck Magnetic modification Á Microwave-assisted synthesis brown Y and safranin O) were chosen for further experi- ments due to their promising binding onto magnetic acti- Abbreviations vated sludge. Significant factors influencing adsorption ARE The average relative error efficiency such as dependence of contact time, initial pH or AS Activated sludge temperature were studied in detail. The adsorption process MIOP Magnetic iron oxides particles was very fast; more than 88 % of dye content (55 mg/L) SEE The standard error of estimate was adsorbed within 15 min under experimental conditions A0 The initial absorbance of dye used in the used. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by experiment Freundlich, Langmuir and Sips adsorption isotherm mod- Af The final absorbance of dye used in the els, and the fitting of each isotherm model to experimental experiment data was assessed on the basis of error functions. -
TB Auramine-Rhodamine PRODUCT DETERIORATION
Directions should be read and followed carefully. Refer to Material Safety Data Sheet for additional information. STORAGE This product is ready for use and no further preparation is necessary. Store product in its original container at 20-25°C until used. TB Auramine-Rhodamine PRODUCT DETERIORATION INTENDED USE This product should not be used if (1) the color has changed Remel TB Auramine-Rhodamine is a stain recommended for from a red, clear liquid, (2) the expiration date has passed, or use in qualitative procedures in the fluorescent microscopic (3) there are other signs of deterioration. detection of mycobacteria. SPECIMEN COLLECTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT Specimens should be collected and handled following SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION 5 recommended guidelines. One of the earliest methods devised for the detection of tubercle bacilli is the microscopic staining technique.1 MATERIALS REQUIRED BUT NOT SUPPLIED Mycobacteria possess cell walls that contain mycolic acid (1) Loop sterilization device, (2) Inoculating loop, swab, which complex with dyes resulting in the characteristic known collection containers, (3) Incubators, alternative environmental as “acid-fastness.” Acid-fast microscopy is the most rapid, TM systems, (4) Supplemental media, (5) QC-Slide AFB Stain initial step in diagnosis and in providing information about the Control (REF 40146) or quality control organisms, (6) TB number of acid-fast bacilli present. The use of fluorescent Decolorizer (Truant-Moore) (REF 40107), (7) TB Potassium dyes for the detection of acid-fast bacilli in clinical specimens 2 Permanganate (REF 40092), (8) Demineralized water, was described by Hagemann in 1937. In 1962, Truant, Brett, (9) Glass slides, (10) Bunsen burner or slide warmer, and Thomas evaluated the usefulness of the fluorescent (11) Microscope, (12) Immersion oil. -
Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Safranin-T Dye Using
RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of safranin-T dye using functionalized graphene oxide Cite this: RSC Adv.,2018,8, 19659 nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposites† Bhavani P. Nenavathu, *a Syam Kandula b and Swati Verma c Photocatalysts suffer from a lack of separation of photogenerated excitons due to the fast recombination of charge carriers, so a strong synergistic effect exhibited by photocatalysts is promising for effective photocatalysis. Herein, we have synthesized efficient visible light functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts via a simple and economical approach with large scale production for practical applications. A series of nanocomposites (FGS/ZnO NCs) with different amounts by weight of graphene oxide (GO) have been synthesized via a facile solution route followed by calcination under environmental conditions. The phase, purity and morphological studies of the synthesized FGS/ZnO NCs were carried out using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. electron microscopy (TEM). The optical properties were studied using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). XRD results confirm the formation of a pure phase of ZnO in the FGS/ZnO NCs and TEM results show strongly adhered ZnO NPs on the surface of the FGS. DRS results confirm the extension of light absorption in the visible region while PL results confirm the effective separation of charge carriers in 0.09 wt% FGS/ZnO NCs. The synthesized photocatalyst efficiently degrades carcinogenic safranin-T dye under visible light illumination which is reported for the first time using FGS/ZnO nanocomposites. -
Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Gain in Highly Concentrated
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Amplifed spontaneous emission and gain in highly concentrated Rhodamine‑doped peptide derivative Andrey Machnev1*, Daniel Ofer1,2, Ivan Shishkin1,3, Vitali Kozlov1, Carlo Diaferia4, Antonella Accardo4, Giancarlo Morelli4, Boris Apter5, Alexandra Inberg1, Gil Rosenman1 & Pavel Ginzburg1 Bioinspired fuorescence, being widely explored for imaging purposes, faces challenges in delivering bright biocompatible sources. While quite a few techniques have been developed to reach this goal, encapsulation of high‑quantum yield fuorescent dyes in natural biological forms suggest achieving superior light‑emitting characteristics, approaching amplifed spontaneous emission and even lasing. Here we compare gain capabilities of highly concentrated Rhodamine B solutions with a newly synthesized biocompatible peptide derivative hybrid polymer/peptide material, RhoB‑PEG1300‑F6, which contains the fuorescent covalently bound dye. While concentration quenching efects limit the maximal achievable gain of dissolved Rhodamine B, biocompatible conjugation allows elevating amplifcation coefcients towards moderately high values. In particular, Rhodamine B, anchored to the peptide derivative material, demonstrates gain of 22–23 cm−1 for a 10−2 M solution, while a pure dye solution possesses 25% smaller values at the same concentration. New biocompatible fuorescent agents pave ways to demonstrate lasing in living organisms and can be further introduced to therapeutic applications, if proper solvents are found. Bioimaging is a widely used technique, contributing to a broad range of applications, spanning from fundamental cellular studies to applied therapeutics 1. Te ability to visualize individual functional sites within a cell, identify tumors, track conformation processes in real time and many other such abilities make optical tools an inherent part of biomedical research and treatment 2. -
Lysochrome Dyes Sudan Dyes, Oil Red Fat Soluble Dyes Used for Biochemical Staining of Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, and Lipoproteins Product Description
FT-N13862 Lysochrome dyes Sudan dyes, Oil red Fat soluble dyes used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins Product Description Name : Sudan IV Other names: Sudan R, C.I. Solvent Red 24, C.I. 26105, Lipid Crimson, Oil Red, Oil Red BB, Fat Red B, Oil Red IV, Scarlet Red, Scarlet Red N.F, Scarlet Red Scharlach, Scarlet R Catalog Number : N13862, 100g Structure : CAS: [85-83-6] Molecular Weight : MW: 380.45 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =513-529nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.09% S:22/23/24/25 Name : Sudan III Other names: Rouge Sudan ; rouge Ceresin ; CI 26100; CI Solvent Red 23 Catalog Number : 08002A, 25g Structure : CAS:[85-86-9] Molecular Weight : MW: 352.40 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =503-510nm(red);Sol(EtOH):0.15% S:24/25 Name : Sudan Black B Other names: Sudan Black; Fat Black HB; Solvent Black 3; C.I. 26150 Catalog Number : 279042, 50g AR7910, 100tests stain for lipids granules Structure : CAS: [4197-25-5] S:22/23/24/25 Molecular Weight : MW: 456.54 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs=596-605nm(blue-black) Name : Oil Red O Other names: Solvent Red 27, Sudan Red 5B, C.I. 26125 Catalog Number : N13002, 100g Structure : CAS: [1320-06-5 ] Molecular Weight : MW: 408.51 λabs = 513-529 nm (red); Sol(EtOH): 0.09%abs =518(359)nm(red);Sol(EtOH): moderate; Sol(water): Insoluble S:22/23/24/25 Storage: Room temperature (Z) P.1 FT-N13862 Technical information & Directions for use A lysochrome is a fat soluble dye that have high affinity to fats, therefore are used for biochemical staining of triglycerides, fatty acids, and lipoproteins. -
Digitally Reinforced Polarization of Hematoxylin-Eosin in the Diagnosis
Özgün Araştırma/Original Article doi: 10.5146/tjpath.2012.01126 Digitally Reinforced Polarization of Hematoxylin-Eosin in the Diagnosis of Renal Amyloidosis Renal Amiloidoz Tanısında Dijital Güçlendirilmiş Hematoksilen Eozin Polarizasyonu Sait ŞEN, Banu SARSIK KumbaraCI Department of Medical Pathology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İZMİR, TURKEY The summary of this study was presented at 24th Congress of Pathology held in Prague on 8-12 September 2012 ABSTRACT ÖZ Objective: Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disorder, characterized by Amaç: Sistemik amiloidozlar, hematoksilen-eozin boyamada amorf extracellular accumulation of Congo red positive fibrillar amyloid eozinofilik görülen, Kongo kırmızısı ile boyanan fibriller amiloid protein deposits that have an amorphous, eosinophilic appearance proteinlerin ekstrasellüler birikimiyle karakterize nadir hastalıklardır. on hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations. The kidney is the Böbrekler sistemik amiloidozlardan en sık etkilenen organdır. Kongo most commonly affected organ by systemic amyloidosis. Congo kırmızısı, zayıf birefrenjant boyanmamış amiloidin birefranjansını red staining increases the positive birefringence of the weakly artırır. Bu çalışmada, böbrek biopsilerinin rutin hematoksilen eozin birefringent unstained amyloid. In this study, we investigated the kesitlerinde dijital güçlendirilmiş birefrenjansın potansiyel tanısal potential diagnostic power of digitally reinforced birefringence of gücünü araştırdık. routine hematoxylin-eosin stained slides from renal biopsies. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hematoksilen-eozin boyalı 130 preparat Material and Method: We reviewed 130 hematoxylin-eosin stained polarizasyon için değerlendirildi. Altmış beş yeni amiloidoz olgusuna slides for polarization. Sixty-five new amyloidosis cases were böbrek biyopsisi ile tanı konuldu. Tüm böbrek biopsileri ışık ve diagnosed by renal biopsy. All renal biopsies were evaluated by light immünflöresan mikroskop ile değerlendirildi. Preparatlar kör olarak, microscopy and immunofluorescence. -
Carbol Fuchsin Acc. to Ziehl-Neelsen
Rev.07– 27/10/2011 Carbol Fuchsin acc. to Ziehl-Neelsen Manufacturer: Diapath Via Savoldini,71- 24057 MARTINENGO- BG- PH+39.0363.986.411 [email protected] CODE PACKAGING C0421 125 ml C0422 500 ml C0423 1000 ml Description Carbol fuchsin solution is used for the staining of acid resistant bacteria in the Ziehl-Neelsen method (see, also special stain kit code 010201). This staining is suitable to highlight mycobacteria, Nocardia and parasites on histological sections, smears, excreta and cultures. The protocol is based on typical structure of acid resistant bacteria, which acquire and keep dyes so that following decolorizing treatments are possible. Dark blue background is obtained with Methylene blue. Composition Phenol CAS No. 108-95-2 EC No. 203-6327 Basic fuchsine CAS No. 58969-01-0 EC No. 221-816-5 C.I. 42510 Ethanol CAS No.64-17-5 EC No.20-578-6 Staining protocol Histological sections (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) 1. Dewax sections and hydrate to distilled water 2. Carbol fuchsin solution for 30 minutes 3. Wash very well in running cold water 4. Acid alcohol* till sections are pale pink 5. Water for 5 minutes 6. Methylene blue solution for 30 seconds 7. Distilled water 8. Dehydrate very quickly, clarify and mount *Acid alcohol: 100 ml of ethyl alcohol 70° + 3 ml hydrochloric acid Cytological specimens (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) 1. Carbol fuchsin for 30 minutes 2. Wash in distilled water 3. Acid alcohol* 10 seconds 4. Wash in distilled water 5. Methylene blue for 30 seconds 6. Distilled water 7. Dehydrate very quickly, clarify and mount NOTE: Methylene blue could cover the possible presence of acid resistant bacteria in the specimen. -
Pituitary Gland
Part 6: Pituitary Gland Normal Physiology and Structure The pituitary gland comprises the adenohypophysis, which is made up of the pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis and the neurohypophysis which includes the pars nervosa, infundibular stem and median eminence. The pars distalis forms the largest proportion of the gland and functions as the overall regulator of peripheral endocrine function by synthesizing and secreting at least 6 major trophic hormones. These include growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PrL), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Since this is the important area of the pituitary with respect to detecting endocrine active compounds, the rest of this section will concentrate only on this part of the pituitary. For reviews see (Page, 1994; Tucker, 1999; Greaves, 2007). Each hormone of the pars distalis is generally secreted by a seperate cell type, but some cells are able to secrete two hormones. The different hormones impart different staining properties to the cells. Using histological stains based on Orange G and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), the cells of the pars distalis have been divided into acidophils (orange G positive), basophils (PAS positive) and chromophobes (absence of staining). In the rat, these have been reported to constitute 40, 10 and 50% respectively of the cell population of the pars distalis. The staining characteristics are dependent on the level of secretory activity, and when the cells have just secreted their granules or when secretory activity is increased, all the cells take on chromophobic characteristics due to the relative abundance of secretory organelles (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) and relative lack of secretory granules. -
New Tetrachromic VOF Stain (Type III-G.S) for Normal and Pathological Fish Tissues C
ORIGINAL PAPER New Tetrachromic VOF Stain (Type III-G.S) for Normal and Pathological Fish Tissues C. Sarasquete,* M. Gutiérrez Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC Polígono Río San Pedro, Apdo oficial, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain richrome methods invariably use dyes in acid ©2005, European Journal of Histochemistry pH solvents, usually diluted in aqueous acetic Tacid, and the concentration of this acid A new VOF Type III-G.S stain was applied to histological sec- matches the concentration of dye. Staining depends tions of different organs and tissues of healthy and pathologi- largely on the attachment of dyes to proteins. The cal larvae, juvenile and adult fish species (Solea senegalensis; acid pH itself is necessary to maximise the amount Sparus aurata; Diplodus sargo; Pagrus auriga; Argyrosomus regius and Halobatrachus didactylus). In comparison to the of dye that will attach to tissue amino groups. original Gutiérrez´VOF stain, more acid dyes of contrasting Proteins have both positively (amino groups) and colours and polychromatic/metachromatic properties were negatively (carboxyl and hydroxyl) charged groups. incorporated as essential constituents of the tetrachromic VOF Usually one predominates and this will have an stain. This facilitates the selective staining of different basic tissues and improves the morphological analysis of histo- overall negative or positive charge (being an acid or chemical approaches of the cell components. The VOF-Type III a basic protein). These charges can, however, bal- G.S stain is composed of a mixture of several dyes of varying ance each other out to some degree. Phosphate size and molecular weight (Orange G< acid Fuchsin< Light green<Methyl Blue<Fast Green), which are used simultane- groups of DNA and binding-proteins are important ously, and it enables the individual tissues to be selectively dif- in nuclear staining.The ionisation of basic groups of ferentiated and stained. -
LAB 3: Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Protocols for Endospore Stain, Capsule Stain, Motility Stab and Wet Mount
LAB 3: Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Protocols for Endospore Stain, Capsule Stain, Motility Stab and Wet Mount. INTRODUCTION Bacteria are characterized by the presence or absence of a number of different structures. Endospores, capsules and flagella are three such examples. Each of these structures is visible with light microscopy if the correct staining procedure is employed. ENDOSPORES are survival structures. In poor growth conditions some genera may sporulate. Rather than dying, endospores survive in a dormant state. Endospores are unique to Bacteria and are formed by a limited number of bacterial genera. The soil bacteria within the genera Bacillus and Clostridium are the most familiar. The stepwise process of sporulation is triggered by poor growth conditions ( see the discussion of the process of sporulation in your text). The transition from vegetative cell to endopsore requires an environmental signal and then a series of steps. The The endospore forms within the vegetative cell. A wall forms around a copy of the bacterial chromosome, capturing some ribosomes, proteints and DNA. The endospore forming within the cell can be visualized using the light microscope. As the sporulation process continues, layers form within the spore making it very dense. Exterior to the spore, the vegetative cell dies. At the completion of sporulation, oval spores are visible using light microscopy. Endospores cannot replicate. However they allow survival in lean times. In fact they are resistant to extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, dryness, toxic chemicals, and UV radiation. The dormant structure allows cell survival until conditions favorable to cell growth returns. Favorable growth conditions signal the process of endospore germination. -
CARBOL FUCHSIN STAIN (ZIEHL-NEELSEN) - for in Vitro Use Only - Catalogue No
CARBOL FUCHSIN STAIN (ZIEHL-NEELSEN) - For in vitro use only - Catalogue No. SC24K Our Carbol Fuchsin (Ziehl-Neelsen) Stain is Formulation per 100 mL used in the microscopic detection of acid-fast microorganisms such as Mycobacterium . SC25 Carbol Fuchsin Stain (Ziehl-Zeelsen) Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium Basic Fuchsin ..................................................... 0.3 g have cell walls that are resistant to conventional Phenol ................................................................ 5.0 g staining by aniline dyes such as the Gram stain. Ethanol ............................................................ 10 mL However methods that promote the uptake of dyes De-ionized Water ............................................. 90 mL are available; once stained these organisms are not easily decolorized even with acid-alcohol or acid- SC26 Carbol Fuchsin Decolorizer acetone solutions therefore they are described as Hydrochloric Acid .......................................... 3.0 mL acid-fast. Their resistance to destaining is a useful Ethanol .......................................................... 97.0 mL characteristic in differentiating these organisms from contaminating organisms and host cells. SC27 Carbol Fuchsin Counterstain (Methylene Blue) The Ziehl-Neelsen staining procedure is often Methylene Blue ................................................. 0.3 g referred to as hot carbolfuchsin because of the need De-ionized Water ............................................100 mL to apply heat during the staining -
AFB Smear Microscopy
AFB Smear Microscopy 1 Terminology • AFB Smear Microscopy: Microscopic examination of specially stained smears to detect acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non- tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) • Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB): organisms (including mycobacteria) that resist decolorization with acid alcohol due to the lipid-rich mycolic acids in the cell wall thereby retaining the primary stain 2 Terminology • Processing: digestion, decontamination, and/or concentration of a primary patient specimen prior to setting up culture and smear • Smear: A small amount of primary patient specimen (direct or processed) is placed on a slide for the purpose of microscopic examination 3 AFB Microscopy • Examination of smears is a rapid, convenient and inexpensive test • All types of specimens can be evaluated – sputum, tissue, body fluids, etc. • Positive AFB smear results provide a first indication of mycobacterial infection and potential TB disease • Must be accompanied by additional testing including culture for confirmatory diagnosis 4 AFB Microscopy Results Guide Decisions • Clinical management – Patient therapy may be initiated for TB based on smear result and clinical presentation – Changes in smear status important for monitoring response to therapy • Laboratory testing – Algorithms for use of nucleic acid amplification tests are often based on smear positivity • Public health interventions – Smear status and grade useful for identifying the most infectious cases – Contact investigations prioritized based on smear result – Decisions regarding respiratory isolation based on smear result 5 Smear-positive TB Cases • Smear-positivity and grade indicates relative bacterial burden and correlates with disease presentation • Patients that are sputum smear-positive are 5–10 times more infectious than smear negative patients • Untreated or treated with an inappropriate regimen, a sputum smear-positive patient may infect 10-15 persons/year 6 Sputum Smear Results • In 2010, 43% of pulmonary TB cases in the U.S.