1118 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. JULY,1913

WEA-, FORECYASTS, AND WARNEWS. By H. C. FRANKENFIELD,Prof-r of Meteorology.

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION. Alabama and over the Great Central Valleys except in the u er Ohio Valley. D weather idso continued Over the east-central Pacific Ocean, as indicated by from vir 'nia northward, an7 there was but- little rain the observations at Honolulu, the pressure fluctuations west, of & Mississippi River, except over a narrow strip were small, with a tendency toward a slight excess above of country extending from northern Arizona and northern the normal during the first half of the month. There New Mexico nort-heastward into South Dakota and was, however, a quite well defined depression on the 14th. southern Minnesota. Over the Aleutian Islands high pressure prevailed almost . During the fourth week of the month no well-defined uniformly, with exceptionally hgh crests on the 5th, Sth, low-pressure area moved over the countq, but recipi- and 12th. The only low area of the month occurred on tation occurred over practically all sections. ft was, the 29th. Conditions over northwestern Alaska corre- however, not of great consequence except in the South sponded with those over the Aleutians, but to the south- Atlantic and east Gulf States, where there were frequent ward and eastward moderately low pressure was the rule, showers of substantial quantity. Over the western por- except from the 20th to the 34th, inclusive. tion of the country low temperatures for the season pre- Over the Northwest (both in the United States and vailed, but elsewhere throughout the United States Canada) there were the usual alternations of moderate teniperatures were moderate. The last three days of the high and low areas, except during the seven da s begin- month were chwacterized by low pressure over the ning with the 16th, when high pressure ruled. 4he most Northwest and the persistence of the Atlantic. Ocean hi h pronounced low area of the nionth occurred on tlie 11th, area, resultin in some of the highest temperatures of t!i e and its southern edge extended southward into the lower season over t le Middle Atlantic States, the Great Centra.1 Missouri Valley. Over the eastern and southern ortions Valleys, and thek Plains States, althou h a high area over of the country there were no developments oP special the Northwest on the 30th was atten5 ed by falling tem- interest, although the general pressure tendenc perature, that on the last day of the month extended toward below-normd conditions, with well-definei lowswas over the central and northern districts west of the Mis- on the 7th, loth, 13th, and 19th over the northeastern sissippi River. On the afternoon of the 30th, followin districts. several da s of extreme heat, there was a severe locaf Over the Atlqtic Ocean the usual high pressure pre storm in t e vic.inity of Washington, D. C. Several lives vailed, with relatively high barometer readings, as a rule, were lost, gand the pro erty losses were estimated at about over the western ocean. Over the Azores moderately $1,000,000. The win 3 reached a velocity of 68 miles an low pressure prevailed from the 20th to the 25th instant. hour from the northeast, but the storm limits did not Marked hi h pressure also prevailed over Iceland and extend niore than a few miles beyond the city. In tlie the British Bsles, while over western Europe there were South and far West moderate temperatures continued. alternations of moderate high and low areas. Precipitation during these last three days was in the form Low pressure prevailed over Russia, except over the of local thundershowers over limited areas, except in the extreme northern portion. Over Siberia and eastern South Atlantic and east Gulf States where,. as during the China high pressure durin tlie first half of the month was previous week, thundershowers were of dally occurrence. followed by moderately Bow pressure during the second There were no tropical disturbances noted during the half, the only exception having been a severe north coast month. depression on the 4th and 5th. Over the Philippines normal pressure prevailed during the fist ha& of the Average trmperahwu, and dcpartusur fnmr tirs nonnal. month and moderately low pressure thereafter. WEATHER IN THE UNITED STATES. The weather of the month was of a character that could ordinarily be expected durin July. There were tlie usual alternations of high and ow pressure areas, bring- I NewEland...... 12 69.8 +1.0 +16.1 +2.2 ing with them periods of warm and dry and cool and Middle%antic ...... 16 75.2 +0.8 +m.7 +8.0 showery weather, but perhaps on$ one of the pressure South Atlantic ...... 10 I 80.6 +1.6 +16.1 +2.3 FloridaPdnaula1 ...... 1 9 81.7 +0.5 + 9.9 +1.4 types is deservin of special mention. Abnormall low East Gull ...... 11 81.1 +0.8 + 6.4 +0.8 West Olllf...... 11 83.1 +1.1 - 4.7 -0.7 revaile d over the Northwest on the lotz and OhioVdey md Tenn- ...... 14 78.4 +l.6 + 9.8 +1.4 the lower end of the depression extending LOWWLakeS...... 11 71.4 -0.8 + 8.2 +1.2 rrz% Upper Lakes ...... 13 67.1 +LO + 2.8 +0.3 down over Kansas. However, this lower end was NorthDakota1 ...... 9 66.5 -2.6 - 2.8 -0.4 'U~~YISSiSSippiValle~...... 14 76.7 -1.3 + 3.3 +0.5 quickly filled up and the upper end first passed eastward urivalley ...... 12 77.9 +2.1 +7.6 +1.1 Northernslope...... 9 66.2 -1.9 - 9.6 -1.4 to Lake Superior and afterward northeastward. Middleslog-...... 8 79.0 +Z.2 -0.8 -0.1 While heavy local showers occurred over various see Southerns pel ...... 8 81.9 +1.5 - 6.4 -0.9 Boutha PhteeU1 ...... 9 80.3 -1.6 -18.9 -2.7 tions of the count there was a general deficiency as a MiddlePlateeul ...... 10 69.4 -1.7 - 8.7 -1.2 Northern Plateau1...... 11 67.4 -1.7 -14.2 -2.0 whole during the %t half of the month,. and very NorthpaCitlc...... 7 61.9 +0.7 -3.9 -0.6 conditions were re orted from Virginia northwar MiddlePaciflc ...... 7 66.2 +0.7 - 4.3 -0.6 South PWBO ...... 4 71.4 +1.6 - 2.9 +0.4 During the third weeR of the month there was plenty9 of rain in the Southeast, but none of consequence west of 1 Regular Weather Bureau and selected coopsrative stations.

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Accumu- Depprrr- Dbblct.8. current lated Dietricts. Aversge.1 Dew- Dlstrlcta. Average, ,urn from mmth. month. since 1 tbe Jan 1. normal. normal...... --I -- New England...... 11 2.06 sa -1.50 -3.80 New En land .__._.. 5.0 -0.1 I YiuriValley ...... 3.3 -0.9 Middle Atlantio...... 15 3.32 n -1.00 -2 00 Middle Rtlantic .... 4.6 -0. I Northern slope.. -.. - 4.1 +o. 4 South Atlantic...... 11 5.06 83 -1.00 -2 81) South Atlantic ...... 5.0 -0.2 Mlddledo e 3.8 -0.3 Flodda Pednsula 1...... 9 4.93 m -2.10 -3.00 Florida Peninsula.. . 4.3 -o., southern sP0z;h.'::: :: 3.0 -1.5 East Gulf...... 11 4.83 87 4.70 0.00 East au11...... 5.7 +o. 3 Southern Plateau. .. 3.3 0.0 West OUlf...... 10 2. 05 63 -1. a0 -3.70 Weat Gulf ...... 3.3 -0. R Mlddle Platesu...... I 3.9 +o. 8 Ohio Vallev~~~ and Tnnnmen..~ ~~ ...... i 14 3.83 96 -0. a0 +a. 10 Ohio Valley aud Northern Plateau. .. 3.8 +l. 1 Lower. Lak-es...... 10 2.48 73 4.90 +a. 50 Tennme...... North Pacmc ...... 4.9 +0.3 u =Laked ...... 14 3.73 119 +O. 60 -0.20 Lower Lakm...... Mlddle Pacllic...... 3.5 0.0 Porth Dakota 1...... 9 2. 25 82 -0.50 -4.40 Upper Lakm...... South Pacific...... 3.3 +0.6 U er Mississippi Valley...... 15 3.07 75 -1.00 -2. 00 North Dakota...... 4.0 Aurivalley...... 12 2.70 71 -1.10 -2.90 U er Miasippl I Nmthern slope...... 9 1.49 !I4 9.10 -0. a0 Riley...... Middle slope...... 6 2. 01 199 +1.W -2. 30 Southsrn alope 1...... 8 1.98 BB 4.90 -2.50 Southern Plateau 1...... 9 0.84 68 -0.40 .4.a0 Middle Plateau 1...... 11 1. M 141 +0.30 4.80 Maximum wind velocities. Northem Plateau 1...... 11 1.11 182 +o. 50 +O. 81) North PwWc...... 7 1.02 142 +o. 30 -4.50 - - Middle PacWc...... 7 0.08 800 +o. io -7.70 Souul P&a ...... 4 0.10 900 +a 10 -2 10 vs Diree- :E I/ Ststha. Date, :hi- tion. @. 1 Regular Weather Bureau and seleeted coopnrath-e stntim. - ...... sw. Mt T~ULI~~~IBcsl. ia 52 nw. Average relative humidity and departure .from fie nonnal...... nw. Mt'Wen nr da 14 58 W...... 50 nw. ' N&Yw! d.Y:::: 13 60 W. Do...... 88 8w. Norfolk V; ...... 2 Bo n. Do...... 13 62 aw. No+hhend, Wash. 0 54 6. Cleveland Ohio. ... 27 88 nw. Pomt Reyea Light, DlatrIot.8. Average. DePar- Dhtrlcts. Average. Dayton dhio ...... 14 55 UW. I31...... 1 75 nw. I I ""ErnI/ oreen day Wis.. _. 5 50 nw. DO ...... a 67 UW. I 1 normal. II I Hatteraa, k. C ..___.15 54 nw. Do ...... 9 66 nw. .... - Do ...... 19 53 nw. Do ...... 12 56 UW. Do...... rn 52 nw. Do ...... 13 64 IlW. New En land ...... 72 59 -7 Jacksonville. Fla ....I 20 50 BW. Do ...... 14 54 nw. Mlddle blan+. .... 69 50 +I KangvlClty hfo....~ 11 57 nw. I. Rorrwell N. Max.... 14 64 W. Bouth Atlantm ..... 78 52 -8 Lander Wio...... I 29 52 SW. ! 8t. Pad, Mlnn ...... 2 60 n. Florlds Peninsula .-. 76 49 - 10 ~e~pgion,KY....,.! 19 51 W. Do...... 31 68 W. Eaat Gulf ...... 77 42 +4 Loumille K I 10 51 nw. Syraeuaa N Y..... 23 54 rn'. Wwt Gulf ...... 71 45 + 13 Minneapotis kidd :1 31 50 w. Tatooah ' Iiland, Ohlo Valley and Northern,Plateau.. . 52 +11 bit. Tamalphe, Cal. 1 56 nw. wash...... 0 80 Bw. Tenncasee...... 68 - 1 North PWMC...... 76 +I1 Do...... 1 2 72 nw. Trenton N. J ...... 24 12 W. Lo- Lake#...... 07 - 2 Mddle PWMC...... 59 -7 Do...... 3 71 nw. Toledo bhio ...... 13 5s Ew. io - 2 south Paclflc...... 66 +1 Do...... 7 52 nw. Dd...... a8 50 ow. 88 +a Do...... 8 54 nw. Valentine Nebr ..... 15 52 UW. Do...... 9 ni nw. Washingh, n. C... 30 08 ne. Valley...... I -3 Do...... 10 64 UW. -

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