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Pdf 313.76 K Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 195–204 Available online at www.agricuta.edu.eg DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/aasj.2021.71996.1061 Ecological studies on some terrestrial snails and slugs at Sohag governorate, Egypt Mahmoud M. M. A.*, Omar M. M. A., Kurany H. S. Agricultural Zoology and Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt Abstract This study was carried out on certain districts at Sohag governorate, Egypt to survey and population density of some species of land snails and slugs infesting field crops, vegetable, fruit trees and ornamental plants. Results revealed that most crops highly infested with Monacha obstructa snail, while Eobania vermiculata, Oxyloma elegans, Deroceras laeve and Lehmannia valentiana had moderately to low infestation. As in the case of O. elegans, D. laeve, L. valentiana and L. flavus, they were recorded for the first time at Sohag governorate. Seasonal fluctuation of M. obstructa was obvious that the highest numbers of were recorded during Spring season (March, April and May) on fruit trees (mandarin, orange and mango), as compared to population density during the other seasons (Winter, Autumn and Summer). Keywords: survey, population density, land snails, slugs. Copyright © 2021 *Corresponding author: Mahmoud M. M. A., E-mail address: [email protected] 195 Mahmoud et al. / Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal 4(1) 195–204, 2021. 1. Introduction (land snails and slugs) attacking numerous host plants were carried out in some Terrestrial gastropods considered as a localities at Sohag governorate, Egypt group of serious pests attacking agricultural crops around the world. They (Tahta, Akhmim, El-Balyana and Dar El- attack plants causing great damage to the Salam districts) during two successive cultivated plants (Godan, 1983). Economic years (November 2018 till October 2020). damage caused by these molluscs is due to Three villages were randomly chosen as not only feeding but also to contamination representatives of each district. The with their bodies, feaces or slime leading villages were Arab Sabha, Naga Ahmed to a deterioration of the product quality Ali and Alkhiam (DarEl-Salam), Shatora, (Heiba et al., 2018). On the other hand, Sheikh Zaineddin and Jazirat many authers surveyed the terrestrial alkhuznadaria (Tahta), Alkulih, molluscs infesting different crops in Alahayuwh Bihary and Alahayuwh Kubly Egypt. In Sharkia governorate surveyed (Akhmim) and El-Sahel Kubly, El-Sahel the terrestrial molluscs at 14 localities Bahary and Nugoa Bardies (El-Balyana). representing 7 districts, 5 herbivorous land snails’ species were found on different Survey and population density were host plants, these species were Monacha undertaken on many host plant species cartusiana, Helicella vestalis, Eobania including filed crops i. e. egyptian clover, vermiculata, Cochlicella acuta and Trifolium alexandrinum; maize, Zae Succinea putris, (Shetaia, 2005). Also the mays; wheat, Triticum aestivum and broad land snails were recorded on several field bean, Vicia faba, vegetable crops i.e. crops i.e. wheat, egyptian clover, broad cabbage, Brassica oleracea; lettuce, bean, barley, maize and sugar beet and Lactuca sativa; garlic, Allium sativum; vegetable crops i.e. lettuce, cabbage, onion, A. cepa; okra, Abelmoschus cucumber, kidney bean, eggplant, onion, esculentus; eggplant, Solanum okra, tomato, garlic, dill and parsley in 12 melongena; tomato, S. lycopersicum; villages follow three districts in Sharkia pepper, Capsicum annuum and green governorate (Abed, 2017). Recently, some beans Phaseolus vulgaris, fruit trees i.e. different land snails and slugs have been recorded in Assiut governorate mandarin, Citrus reticulata; orange, C. (Abdelrheem, 2018; Abo-El-Naser, 2013; xsinensis and mango, Mangifera indica Ramzy, 2009). Also, in Sohag and ornamental plants i.e. yucca, Yucca governorate, Egypt (Desoky et al., 2015). aloifolia; basil, Ocimum basilicum; The present study was to throw light on kalanchoe, Kalanchoe marmorata; identity, survey and population density crassula, Crassula arborescens and some species of terrestrial snails and slugs cloves, Syzygium aromaticum. The field at Sohag governorate, Egypt. crops and vegetables samples were taken in early morning from each crop by using 2. Materials and methods the quadrate sample size 50×50 cm Survey study of terrestrial gastropods (Staikou et al., 1990). Five random 196 Mahmoud et al. / Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal 4(1) 195–204, 2021. samples of ornamental plants were taken 3. Results and Discussion from under shrubs and plant pots. Five fruit trees were randomly chosen from Data in the Table (1) indicated that, the each orchard. Snails and slugs were terrestrial snails and slugs’ species counted one time every month in the early recorded during the study period six morning in mean number of three areas of species of land snails and slugs were 50×50cm,under each of the examined found on different host plants, were as trees, on five branches of the different follow, order: Stylommatophora. Three direction of the tree 1m high of the tree snails species were classified according to trunk (Awad, 1994). Snails and slugs from their families as follow: (1) family each host plant in the different host plant Hygromiidae was represented by one were collected and transfer in a plastic box species was glassy clover, Monacha to laboratory for identification using keys obstructa, (2) family Succineidae was given by Godan (1983). Population represented by one species was the amber density for each snails or slugs was snail,Oxyloma elegans, (3) family calculated according to Norten (1978). Helicidae was represented by one species The population fluctuation of the was the brown garden snail, Eobania predominants species of land snails were vermiculata, (4) family Limacidae was recorded monthly and seasonal in Arab represented by two slugs species were the Sabha village(Dar El-Salam district) at tawny garden slug Limax flavus and the Sohag governorate during the period from three band garden slug, Lehmannia November 2018 till October 2020.The valentiana, (5) family Agriolimacidae predominant glassy clover land Snail of was represented by one species was the M. obstructa was recorded on mandarin march slug, Deroceras laeve. Data in the (C. reticulata), orange (C. xsinensis) and same Table showed that the infested mango, (M. indica). Ten fruit trees were localities and infested plants with randomly chosen to count snails one time terrestrial gastropods in four districts of every month during two seasons the snails Sohag governorate during the period from on both tree and on soil surface around the November 2018 till October 2020. It is tree (50×50 cm) were recorded (Eshra, clear that the glassy clover snail (M. 2013). Data concerning temperature and obstructa), recorded in all surveyed areas, relative humidity during the period of as well as it was found on all examined study were obtained from the central plants. On the other hand, the brown laboratory for Agricultural climates at garden snail E. vermiculata and L. Egypt. Obtained data were subjected to valentiana, were recorded on ornamental statistical analysis as correlation plants in Shatora village at Tahta district coefficient between population of snails only. The amber snail, O. elegans was and temperature and relative humidity observed, on Egyptian clover, mandarin according to SPSS statistics version 22. and orange in Arab Sabha village at Dar 197 Mahmoud et al. / Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal 4(1) 195–204, 2021. El-Salam district. March slug, D. leave ornamental plants in Shatora village at was recorded on Egyptian clover, Tahta district. The tawny garden slug L. mandarin, orange, lettuce and cabbage in flavus, was recorded on ornamental plant Arab Sabha village at Dar El-Salam (basil and cloves) in Alkhiam village at district, while it was recorded on Dar El-Salam district. Table (1): Survey of some species of terrestrial snails and slugs associated with field crops, vegetable crops, fruit trees, and ornamental plants in four districts at Sohag governorate, Egypt during 2018 till 2020. Field crops Vegetable crops Fruit trees Ornamental plants bean Districts Village ato plant sil Egyptian clover Broad Wheat Maize Pepper Onion Garlic Egg cabbage Bean Tom Okra Lettuce Orange Mango Mandarin Cloves Kalanchoe Crassula Ba Yucca Arab Sabha M,O,D M M M M - M M M, D M M M M,D M,O,D M M,O,D - - - - - Dar el-Salam Nag Ahmed Ali M M M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alkhiam M M M - - - - - - - - - - - - - L1, M - - L1, M - Shatora M M M - - M M - - - - - - M M M,L2,D,E M,L2,D,E M,L2,D,E M,L2,D,E M,L2,D,E Sheikh Zainuddin M M M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tahta Jazirat M M M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alkhuznadaria Alkulih M M M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Akhmim Alahayuwh Bihary M M M - - - M - - - - - - M - M - - - - - Alahayuwh Kubly M M M - - - M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Alssahil Kubly M M M - - - - - M - - - - - - - - - - - - El-Balyana Alssahil Bihary M M M - - - - - M - - - - - - - - - - - - Nugoa Bardies M M M - - - - - M - - - - - - - - - - - - L1= Limax flavus, L2=Lehmania valentiana, E=Eobania vermciulata, M= Monacha obstructa, O= Oxyloma elegans, D= Deroceras leave. The results revealed that four species of bean, eggplant, garlic, lettuce, okra, snails and slugs were recorded the first tomato, mango and ornamental plants in time in Sohag governorate, these snails other study areas.
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