DOCSLIB.ORG

Western Plant Diagnostic Network Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Western Plant Diagnostic Network Newsletter Western Plant Diagnostic Network Newsletter WPDN – First Detector Dear WPDN First Detectors, Two new pest problems Network News have been found in the WPDN region. The first, the fruit- piercing moth, has been found in Hawaii. It is a destructive moth with a broad host range. The second is a The newsletter for the disease called thousand cankers disease of walnut, which WPDN is caused by a fungus vectored by the walnut twig beetle. First Detector Community This disease has been found throughout the western U.S. Read more about these in the following articles. February 2010 Volume 3, Number 1 We now have over 3,750 First Detectors in the WPDN, achieved with several training sessions in Guam, Oregon, Contact us at the WPDN and California. Congratulations to all our WPDN First Regional Center: Detector Educators. Dr. Amanda Hodges, the NPDN Training and Education Chair, informs us that there is a Phone: 530 754 2255 new online Chilli Thrips module on the Online Training Fax: 530 754 7998 site. Chilli Thrips Email: [email protected] To access this new module, log on to the NPDN home page at: http://www.npdn.org/ Websites: https://www.wpdn.org https://www.npdn.org Published by the WPDN Regional Center Department of Plant Pathology University of California, Davis Click on this logo Editor: Richard W. Hoenisch ©Copyright Regents of the University of California All Rights Reserved And begin! A Fruit-Piercing Moth found in Hawaii Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Oraesia excavata Butler Personal Communication from Bernarr Kumashiro, entomologist with HDOA On December 28, 2009, William Haines, University of Hawaii, notified Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) of a new fruit-piercing moth in Hawaii. The moth was identified as Oraesia excavata by Michael Pogue, USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory. The biology of this moth is not well known. The moth (1" long) is orange colored and is very distinctive- like a dead leaf. The worldwide distribution includes Japan, Korea, China, Thailand, and Taiwan. The first known specimen was observed in a student's collection for an entomology class. It was collected at Kula, Maui, on November 24, 2009. Subsequently, 7 specimens were collected on Maui and Oahu. Young larvae may have been possible collected by F. Starr at Olinda, Maui on Cocculus orbiculatus A literature search indicated that C. orbiculatus (Family Menispermaceae ) may be a preferred host for the larva. This species is indigenous to Hawaii and is known as "huehue". It is found in open areas such as grasslands and in mesic to dry forests. Other possible hosts are Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Family Sapindaceae) and Stephania japonica. These are not common ornamentals, and are found in a few botanical gardens. Some of the botanical gardens operated by the City and County of Honolulu have been alerted of this potential pest. Fruits recorded in literature as hosts for the moths include prune, citrus, grape, peach, pear, apple, guava, papaya, mango, banana, and loquat. The sudden appearance of several moth specimens and the widespread distribution in a short period of time may indicate a potential seriousness of this pest. Larva on Huehue leaf Kawakita Insect Library Takagi Tentiki Starr Plants Adult Fruit-Piercing Moth (note leaf-like appearance) 2 Update on Thousand Cankers Disease of Walnut Richard Bostock – UC Davis Plant Pathology and WPDN Director, Ned Tisserat – Colorado State University, Whitney Cranshaw – Colorado State University, Janine Hasey – UC Cooperative Extension, and Steven Seybold – US Forest Service Thousand cankers of walnut of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) and related Juglans spp. has emerged as a disease of significant concern in the western U.S. The disease is caused by a newly described fungal pathogen, with a proposed name of Geosmithia morbida . Spores of the fungus are carried from tree to tree by tiny walnut twig beetles (Pityophthorus juglandis) that attack susceptible trees, creating numerous entry wounds and galleries for the pathogen to establish and colonize the bark. The fungus destroys the surrounding phloem tissue and the cankers that form eventually coalesce to girdle the stems and branches. Plant pathologist Ned Tisserat and entomologist Whitney Cranshaw from Colorado State University first identified the pathogen and characterized its association with the beetle in declining black walnut trees in central Colorado (Tisserat et al., 2009). In some areas of the state, eastern black walnut trees in landscapes and urban settings have been decimated by thousand cankers disease. In addition to Colorado, the disease is contributing to the decline and death of eastern black and native walnuts in California, Idaho, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. In the summer of 2008, thousand cankers disease was first confirmed in declining northern California black walnut trees ( J. hindsii) near Davis, CA by University of California and US Forest Service researchers (Graves et al., 2010). Since then and with collaboration from the Colorado team, researchers have found the disease throughout the state on native black walnuts ( J. hindsii and J. californica), as well as on English walnuts (J. regia ) in a number of commercial orchards. Research is underway to assess the relative susceptibility of various Juglans species and the host colonization preferences of the beetle. J. nigra appears to be the most susceptible to beetle attack and to the pathogen. Nonetheless, there is a growing concern of the potential susceptibility of black and hybrid walnut rootstocks and the possible impact of the disease on English walnut production. The walnut twig beetle, which is thought to be native to northern Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, was first collected in California over 50 years ago in Los Angeles County. As of this writing, the disease and its beetle vector have been confirmed in urban, native/riparian, or agricultural settings in nine counties in the state. There is 3 considerable concern that the beetle and the disease may spread to the eastern U.S. and into the native range of J. nigra. Jim LaBonte – Oregon Dept. of Agric. Symptoms of thousand cankers disease include staining of the outer bark tissue that extends into the cambium, yellowing and thinning of the upper crown, wilting of leaves, flagging branches, and die back and eventual death of the tree (Graves et al., 2009). The beetles are very small and may or may not be present in the cankered tissue. However, characteristic beetle entry/exit holes about 0.5 mm in diameter may be apparent in symptomatic branches. There are presently no effective controls for the disease. Rapid detection is a primary management option, but what to do after this depends on the host species and region. In Colorado, it is recommended that J. nigra trees be cut as soon as possible after symptoms are observed and the disease confirmed, then removed to a safe site (one where the disease is already present) and all wood material chipped. Chipping does not kill the beetles, 4 but will shorten the period that the wood can support breeding. In California, management strategies are being explored, but removal of infected branches to green wood or tree removal where the whole tree has declined are recommended. Infected wood should be burned in accordance with local air quality restrictions. What is unclear is why thousand cankers disease has emerged on such a wide scale to create a situation of concern. Surveys are underway to assess the distribution and extent of damage of the disease in walnut growing regions. see Colorado State thousand cankers Pest Alert For more detailed information see: Graves, A.D., Coleman, T.W., Flint, M.L., and Seybold, S.J. 2009. Walnut twig beetle and thousand cankers disease: Field identification guide, UC- IPM Website Publication, 2 pp., Nov. 21, 2009, http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/MISC/thousand_cankers_field_guide.pdf Graves, A.D., Flint, M.L., Coleman, T.W., and Seybold, S.J. 2010. Thousand cankers disease of walnuts: A new disease in California, UC-IPM Website Publication, 4 pp., http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/EXOTIC/thousandcankers.html Tisserat, N., Cranshaw, W., Leatherman, D., Utley, C., and Alexander, K. 2009. Black Walnut mortality in Colorado caused by the walnut twig beetle and thousand cankers disease. Online. Plant Health Progress doi: 10.1094/PHP-2009-0811-01-RS. 5 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Growing Chinese Chestnuts in Missouri by Ken Hunt, Ph.D., Research Scientist, Center for Agroforestry, Blight
    AGROFORESTRY IN ACTION University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry AF1007 - 2012 Growing Chinese Chestnuts in Missouri by Ken Hunt, Ph.D., Research Scientist, Center for Agroforestry, blight. In fact, the devastation caused by chestnut blight University of Missouri, Michael Gold, Ph.D., Associate Director, (Cryphonectria parasitica) stem cankers has reduced Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, William Reid, American chestnut from a major timber species to a rare Ph.D., Research and Extension Horticulturist, Kansas State Uni- understory tree often found cankered in sprout clumps. versity, & Michele Warmund, Ph.D., Professor of Horticulture, Major efforts are underway to restore the American Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri chestnut (see www.acf.org/). The Allegheny and Ozark chinkapins are multi-stem shrubs to small trees that hinese chestnut is an emerging new tree crop produce small tasty nuts and make interesting (but for Missouri and the Midwest. The Chinese blight susceptible) landscape trees that are also useful Cchestnut tree is a spreading, medium-sized tree for wildlife. with glossy dark leaves bearing large crops of nutri- tious nuts. Nuts are borne inside spiny burs that split open when nuts are ripe. Each bur contains one to three shiny, dark-brown nuts. Nuts are "scored" then micro- waved, roasted or boiled to help remove the leathery shell and papery seed coat, revealing a creamy or gold- en-colored meat. Chestnuts are a healthy, low-fat food ingredient that can be incorporated into a wide range of dishes – from soups to poultry stuffing, pancakes, muf- fins and pastries (using chestnut flour). Historically, demand for chestnuts in the United States has been highest in ethnic markets (European and Asian, for example) but as Americans search for novel and healthy food products, chestnuts are becoming more widely accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 07/22/2003
    /40-/US Page 1 of 32 Oevrinol 50-OF Booklet OEV1035 draft revisions 5/23/03 Devrinol® 50-OF Selective Herbicide Dry Flowable For use on certain citrus, nuts, pome fruits, small fruits, stone fruits, vegetables and tobacco Active Ingredient: Napropamide (CAS No. 15299-99-7) ...................................................................................... 50% Other Ingredients: 50% Total: 100% Contains 50 Ibs. of active Ingredient per 100 Ibs. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. CAUTION See additional precautionary statements and directions for use inside booklet. EPA Reg. No. 100-1035 EPA Est. ACCEPTED 0'- -n) ...... tiLiI; L In EPA Lettl."r Dated Made in U.S.A. JUL 22 2003 Ul)der the Federal Imectitide. fwadicide. IUtd Rtulcndcldle .4.ct WI lIDlendcd. [Dr th... .... U~lde SCP# t"ltW.erf'd und .. r 'ia'A, .•. rit~. ...lett>- 4 pounds Net Weight ( Page 2 of 32 Oevrinol 50-OF Booklet OEV1035 draft revisions 5/23/03 TABLE OF CONTENTS FIRST AID ....................................................................................................................................................... PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS ................................................................................................................ Hazards To Humans And Domestic Animals ........................................................................................ .. Personal Protective Equipment. .............................................................................................................. Environmental Hazards ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) Pellicle Tissues Reveals the Regulation of Nut Quality Attributes
    life Article Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Pellicle Tissues Reveals the Regulation of Nut Quality Attributes Paulo A. Zaini 1, Noah G. Feinberg 1, Filipa S. Grilo 2 , Houston J. Saxe 1 , Michelle R. Salemi 3, Brett S. Phinney 3 , Carlos H. Crisosto 1 and Abhaya M. Dandekar 1,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] (P.A.Z.); [email protected] (N.G.F.); [email protected] (H.J.S.); [email protected] (C.H.C.) 2 Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] 3 Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] (M.R.S.); [email protected] (B.S.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 November 2020; Accepted: 25 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) are a valuable dietary source of polyphenols and lipids, with increasing worldwide consumption. California is a major producer, with ‘Chandler’ and ‘Tulare’ among the cultivars more widely grown. ‘Chandler’ produces kernels with extra light color at a higher frequency than other cultivars, gaining preference by growers and consumers. Here we performed a deep comparative proteome analysis of kernel pellicle tissue from these two valued genotypes at three harvest maturities, detecting a total of 4937 J. regia proteins. Late and early maturity stages were compared for each cultivar, revealing many developmental responses common or specific for each cultivar. Top protein biomarkers for each developmental stage were also selected based on larger fold-change differences and lower variance among replicates, including proteins for biosynthesis of lipids and phenols, defense-related proteins and desiccation stress-related proteins.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Biinziger*
    NAT. HIST. BULL SIAM Soc. 35: 1-17, 1987 BIOLOGICAL AND TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON IMMATURE AND ADULT FRUIT-PIERCING MOTHS IN NEPAL, WITH REFERENCE TO THAILAND Hans Biinziger* ABSTRACT Twenty-four species of fruit-piercing moths not previously reported in Nepal were found near Kathmandu. Adults pierced peach, plum and wild fruit; the damage inflicted is discussed. Most common were Oraesia rectistria Guenee, Adris tyrdnnus (Guenee), and Ad. okurai Okano which is shown to be a senior synonym of Ad. suthep­ ensis Blinziger & Honey. Until recently considered a rare moth, the immatures of this species are described for the first time, as are. the adult's feeding habits. The larval host plant was Holboellia latijolia Wallich (Lardizabalaceae), a family not present in Thailand and Malaysia where the moth also occurs. Three species of Berberidaceae and 11 of Menispermaceae w_ere tested as foqd and rejected, although these seem to be the only possible alternative larval host plants in Thailand. Many of these were accepted by the related Ad. tyrannus and Othreis spp. Ot. fullonia (Clerck), a most noxious fruit-piercer in Thailand and other mainly tropical lowland areas, was scarce in Nepal; the inconsistency of larval food preference of this and· of Ad. okurai is discussed. INTRODUCTION No published report seems to exist about fruit-piercing by adult moths in Nepal. The nearest observations are from India (SUSAINATHAN, 1924; SONTAKAI, 1944; RAMAKRISHNA AYYAR, 1944) where at least 14 species have been reported to be asso­ ciated with fruit. RAMAKRISHNA AYYAR, however, pointed out that it is not clear if all these species are actually fruit-piercers, and what type of damage they cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae)
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida September 2008 World Checklist of Tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae) J. M. Zaspel University of Florida, Gainesville, FL M. A. Branham University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Zaspel, J. M. and Branham, M. A., "World Checklist of Tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae)" (2008). Insecta Mundi. 575. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/575 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0047 World Checklist of Tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae) J. M. Zaspel and M. A. Branham Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida P.O. Box 110620 Natural Area Drive Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Date of Issue: September 26, 2008 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC E NTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL J. M. Zaspel and M. A. Branham World Checklist of Tribe Calpini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Calpinae) Insecta Mundi 0047: 1-15 Published in 2008 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 U. S. A. http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod taxon. Manuscripts considered for publication include, but are not limited to, systematic or taxonomic studies, revisions, nomenclatural changes, faunal studies, book reviews, phylo- genetic analyses, biological or behavioral studies, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Bycatch Diversity of Organisms in Whole Genome Sequencing of Erebidae Moths (Lepidoptera)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Exploring bycatch diversity of organisms in whole genome sequencing of Erebidae moths (Lepidoptera) Hamid Reza Ghanavi1, Victoria Twort1,2 and Anne Duplouy1,3 1 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 2 The Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, Zoology Unit, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3 Insect Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Corresponding Author: Hamid Reza Ghanavi Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Skåne, 22362, Sweden Street Address, City, State/Province, Zip code, Country Email address: [email protected] ORCID: • Hamid Reza Ghanavi: 0000-0003-1029-4236 • Victoria Twort: 0000-0002-5581-4154 • Anne Duplouy: 0000-0002-7147-5199 Abstract Models estimate that up to 80% of all butterfly and moth species host vertically transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms, which can affect the host fitness, metabolism, reproduction, population dynamics, and genetic diversity, among others. The supporting empirical data are however currently highly biased towards the generally more colourful butterflies, and include less information about moths. Additionally, studies of symbiotic partners of Lepidoptera bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations on the Vampire Moth Genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer, Incorporating Taxonomy, Life History, and Bioinformatics (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae) Julia L
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations 12-2016 Investigations on the vampire moth genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer, incorporating taxonomy, life history, and bioinformatics (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae) Julia L. Snyder Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Snyder, Julia L., "Investigations on the vampire moth genus Calyptra Ochsenheimer, incorporating taxonomy, life history, and bioinformatics (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Calpinae)" (2016). Open Access Theses. 897. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/897 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 12/26/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Julia L Snyder Entitled INVESTIGATION ON THE VAMPIRE MOTH GENUS CALYPTRA OCHSENHEIMER, INCORPORATING TAXONOMY, LIFE HISTORY, AND BIOINFORMATICS (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE: CALPINAE) For the degree of Master of Science Is approved by the final examining committee: Jennifer M. Zaspel Chair Catherine A. Hill Stephen L. Cameron To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Jennifer M. Zaspel Approved by Major Professor(s): Stephen L. Cameron 12/01/2016 Approved by: Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date INVESTIGATIONS ON THE VAMPIRE MOTH GENUS CALYPTRA OCHSENHEIMER, INCORPORATING TAXONOMY, LIFE HISTORY, AND BIOINFORMATICS (LEPIDOPTERA: EREBIDAE: CALPINAE) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Julia L.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Walnuts Matt Ernst1 Introduction the Two Major Varieties of Walnuts Grown for Food in the U.S
    Center for Crop Diversification Crop Profile CCD-CP-128 Black Walnuts Matt Ernst1 Introduction The two major varieties of walnuts grown for food in the U.S. are black walnut (Eastern black walnut, Juglans nigra; and California black walnut, Juglans hindsii); and Persian walnut (Juglans regia), also called Carpathian walnut or English walnut. Eastern black walnut is native to North America and is a valuable timber tree, long harvested for veneer lumber. Black walnuts also have a long history as a food ingredient, and Eastern black walnuts are one of the few wild- harvested commercial food crops in the U.S. Persian walnut trees were introduced in California by Spanish missionaries in the 1700s, and California dominates U.S. commercial Persian walnut production. This profile focuses on Eastern black walnut for nut production. Persian walnuts are not recommended for surrounding states for wholesaling to hulling stations. commercial production in Kentucky, where Persian Black walnut nutmeats are used in baking, ice cream, walnut is limited by cold temperatures, winter injury candies and other food preparations. State and federal and late spring frost damage; walnut blight; and food safety, labeling and other food manufacturing squirrels, which eat the nuts when they are immature. regulations, including allergen concerns, may Detailed production information for both Eastern apply when shelling nuts and making food products black walnut and Persian walnut is available in the containing tree nuts. Hulled and cleaned in-shell black University of Kentucky Extension publication ID- walnuts have also been used in some arts and crafts 77, Nut Tree Growing in Kentucky.
    [Show full text]
  • Modularity of a Leaf Moth-Wing Pattern and a Versatile Characteristic of the Wing-Pattern Ground Plan Takao K Suzuki1,2
    Suzuki BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:158 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/158 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Modularity of a leaf moth-wing pattern and a versatile characteristic of the wing-pattern ground plan Takao K Suzuki1,2 Abstract Background: One of the most intriguing questions in evolutionary developmental biology is how an insect acquires a mimicry pattern within its body parts. A striking example of pattern mimicry is found in the pattern diversity of moth and butterfly wings, which is thought to evolve from preexisting elements illustrated by the nymphalid ground plan (NGP). Previous studies demonstrated that individuality of the NGP facilitates the decoupling of associated common elements, leading to divergence. In contrast, recent studies on the concept of modularity have argued the importance of a combination of coupling and decoupling of the constituent elements. Here, we examine the modularity of a mimicry wing pattern in a moth and explore an evolvable characteristic of the NGP. Results: This study examined the wings of the noctuid moth Oraesia excavata, which closely resemble leaves with a leaf venation pattern. Based on a comparative morphological procedure, we found that this leaf pattern was formed by the NGP common elements. Using geometric morphometrics combined with network analysis, we found that each of the modules in the leaf pattern integrates the constituent components of the leaf venation pattern (i.e., the main and lateral veins). Moreover, the detected modules were established by coupling different common elements and decoupling even a single element into different modules. The modules of the O. excavata wing pattern were associated with leaf mimicry, not with the individuality of the NGP common elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit-Feeding Moths in the Eastern Cape: Experiences and Control Options
    Fruit-feeding moths in the Eastern Cape: experiences and control options SEAN MOORE Citrus Research International, PO Box 20285, Humewood, 6013, South Africa e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In general the moths are large with a wing- There are two general categories of fruit-feeding moths: fruit-pierc- span that varies from 20 to 90 mm according ing and fruit-sucking moths. Only fruit-piercing moths have the to species (Hofmeyr, 2003). ability to damage healthy fruit, as they have a modified proboscis. Fruit-piercing moths tend to be migratory. Fruit-sucking moths can only feed on fruit which have already They have an acute sense of smell, being able been damaged, very often by fruit-piercing moths. The most com- to detect ripening fruit over a distance of 10 km mon species of fruit-piercing moth occurring in the Eastern Cape and possibly much further, especially down- is Serrodes partita. Epidemic outbreaks in the citrus producing re- wind from orchards (Johannsmeier, 1998). gions of the Cape, occur every 5-10 years after heavy summer rains Greatest moth activity occurs during the first in the Karoo. Usually around two months later moths can migrate three hours after dark, followed by a decrease hundreds of kilometres to attack early ripening mandarins, partic- in numbers around midnight. Whitehead & ularly Satsumas. Achaea lienardi is the most common fruit-sucking Rust (1971) found that less than 5% of marked moth in the Eastern Cape. The trigger for its outbreak is the same fruit-piercing moths (S. partita) returned to the as for S.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Project Number 613678
    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 7 - REPORT on Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Grousset F, Wistermann A, Steffen K, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Oranges and Mandarins – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/112o3f5b0c014 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on ORANGES AND MANDARINS – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background on oranges and mandarins ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Data on production and trade of orange and mandarin fruit ........................................................................ 5 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘orange and mandarin fruit’ .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Electroantennographic Responses and Field Attraction to Peach Fruit Odors
    Appl. Entomol. Zool. 43 (2): 265–269 (2008) http://odokon.org/ Electroantennographic responses and field attraction to peach fruit odors in the fruit-piercing moth, Oraesia excavata (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Ruilin TIAN,1 Yohei IZUMI,1 Shoji SONODA,1 Hideya YOSHIDA,1 Takuma TAKANASHI,2 Kiyoshi NAKAMUTA2 and Hisaaki TSUMUKI1,* 1 Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University; Kurashiki 710–0046, Japan 2 Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–8687, Japan (Received 23 August 2007; Accepted 25 December 2007) Abstract The olfactory responses of adult males and females of the fruit-piercing moth, Oraesia excavata, to lactones as spe- cific components among ripe peach fruit odors were recorded by electroantennogram (EAG) techniques and trap cap- tures in the field. Six lactones (g-hexalactone, g-octalactone, d-octalactone, g-decalactone, d-decalactone and g- dodecalactone) and a green leaf volatile compound (cis-3-hexen-1-ol) as the reference compound for normalization were used to measure EAG responses. The EAG response to g-hexalactone, shown to be the highest among the six lactones tested, did not reach as high as that to a mixture of five lactones when 10% concentrations (v/v) of the lac- tones were used. There was no significant difference between males and females in EAG responses to those com- pounds. In the field experiment, the number of moths captured by traps baited with a mixture of the five lactones (g- hexalactone, g-octalactone, g-decalactone, d-decalactone and g-dodecalactoneϭ142 : 7 : 145 : 70 : 28, v/v) was about half that captured with ripe peach fruit; however, the moths were not captured by traps with individual lactones.
    [Show full text]