Town Survey Report Forbesganj, Series-4, Bihar
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 SERIES-4 BIHAR Part-X B TOWN SURVEY REPORT FORBESGANJ Draft by: Edited by: Supervised by ~. P. N. SINHA S. C. SAXENA V.K.BHARGAVA Assistant Director Deputy Director Deputy Director of Census Operations, Bihar of Census Operations, Bihar of Census Operations, Bihar CONTENTS Page Foreword ... (v) Preface (vii) Chapter I Introduction 1-5 Chapter II History of growth of the town 7-8 Chapter III Amenities and services-History of growth and present position 9-17 Chapter IV Economic life of the town 19-42 Chapter V Ethnic and selected socio-demographic characteristics of the population 43-63 Chapter VI Migration and settlement of families 64-75 Chapter VII Neighbourhood pattern 76-86 Chapter VIII Family life in the town 87-93 Chapter IX Housing and materia I culture 95-102 Chapter X Organisation of power and prestige 103-106 Chapter XI Leisure and recreation, social participation, social awareness, religion and crime. 107-112 Chapter XII Linkage and Continua 113-126 Chapter XIII Conclusion 127-128 Map & Charts Showing Urban Land use Showing Pre-urban area Showing Public utility services FORBESGANJ TOWN URBAN LAND USE (NOT TO SCALE) N i BOUNDARY> TOWN WNlD ROAD Rs ,., RAILWAY .. BUSINESS A~EA re-.-el I!.!..!.!I ADMINISTAATIVE AREA ~ RESIDENTIAL AREA • EDUCATIONAL AREA ~ INDUSTRIAL AREA D AGRICULTURAL AREA D UNCLASSIFIED AREA I REGISTRY OFFICE VETERINARY 2 POST OfFICE POLICE STATION 1 HOSPITAL 6 INSPECTION BUNGALOW ~ GRAVE YARD FORBESGANJ TOWN PERI· URBAN AREA Furlongs 8 4 (0 1 Miles t:::t;:!:~~~=::::::l Km, I o 1 Kms. / \ \ ,.1 __ ._ ......... y.!. I / ~." PURNIA DISTRICT URBAN AREA ~ C' D' BLOCK BOUNDARY VILLAGE BOUNDARY _._. __ ._. It s. RAILWAY I'. I I Villapi with Population SlEe STATE HIGHWAY Below 200 0 ROADS 200 499 • POLICE STATION P.S. 500 999 • HOSPITAL HOS. 1000 4999 • INSPECTION BUNGALOW I.B. 5000 " above POST" TELEGRAPH OFFICE P.T.O. Uninhabited Village •x POST OffiCE PO FORBESGANJ TOWN PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICE· .,.' (NOT TO SCALE) .'" ,- N /" ." r-'-'-'-.'" i ~ \. \ \ \ W-I \ \, "" ""-'-'-'r'-'-.-.-') ; UL' MaLA .OAD , ! ! (.J. i HIMALAYA CHEMICAL , I. I . , I I • o , ) '-, W-s ! i \ ;. " ; i'" ·i... '~~~~~l'fit I)~~~=:iff~~~~~~~~~~ -._.- BOUNO"RY. TOWN _._._._ WARD ROAD , :j , RAILWAY II INSPECTION eUNC .. lOW PH POST "NO TELEG RAPH OffiCE PS POLICE STATION ® aANK @ CINEMA 0 SCHOOL EI1 HOSPITAL If TEMPLE () MOSQUE I. T.1. t CHURCH @ DHARAMSHA~ @ HOTEL' lie LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION ® puaLic JSEMI PUBLIC OFEIC! FOREWORD Apart from the decennial enumeration of population, the Indian Census is steeped in the tradition ·of undertaking a variety of studies of topical interest. In fact, the publications btought out in connection with the earlier censuses contained veritable mines of information on racial, 'cultural, linguistic and a number of other aspects of life of the people of this country. With the advent of . freedom, however, the scope and dimension of these special studies had to be re-structured in a manner that would provide the basic feedbacks on the processes of development taking place in different spheres of life of the people especially under planned development. Thus, in connection with the 1961. Census a massive programme was launched inter-alia to conduct socio-economic survey of about 500 villages selected from different parts of the country. The main objective of this study was to know the way of life of the people living in Indian villages which accounted for 82 per cent of the total population as per the 1961 Census. There was, however, an imperative need to extend the area of the study to urban centres as well, to provide a complete coverage of the people living in diverse socio-economic conditions. 1t was with this objective in view ancillary studies on towns were launched as part of the social studies programme in connection with the 1971 Census. Tbe programme of social studies taken up in connection with the 1971 Census, was continued without any major change at the 1981 Census as well. A study on traditional rural based handicrafts was, however, added as a new item under the social study projects of the 1981 Census. For the conduct of urban study, 64 small and medium towns were selected from different parts of the country following the criteria such as (a) size, (b) demographic features, (c) functional characteristics, (d) specific industry or occupation dominating the economy, (e) location, (f) concentration of different castes and communities, and (g) other social and cultural phenomenon like temple, town, health resOlt etc. The research design, tools for data collection and formats for data tabulation and report writing required for urban studies were originally formulated by Dr. B.K. Roy Burman: the then Deputy Registrar General, Social Studies Division. His successor, Dr. N.G. Nag took considerable pains to revise all the formats to make them more comprehensive. Dr. K.P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General heading Social Studies Division, coordinated these studies at different levels as well.as rendered necessa~ guidance to the Directorates of Census Operations for their successful consummation. Shri M.K. Jain, Senior Research Officer with the able assistance of Investigators, Shri R-K. Mehta and Shri V.K. Jain did a commendable job in scrutinising the reports and communicating the comments thereon to the Dire~orates. I am grateful to all of them. The present report is the out-come of a study on Forbesganj town undertaken by the Directorate of Census operations Bihar. I am indebted to Shri V. K- Bhargava Deputy Director and his colleagues in the Census Directorate for their painstaking efforts in bringing o'ut this report. New Delhi, the V. S. VERMA 1st June, 1988 REGISTRAR GENE~~J:,,_I~DIA (v) PREFACE Forbesganj is one of the three urban centres viz., Forbesganj, Lohardaga and -Dhanbad selected for town study ancillary to 1981 Census. This Volume deals with the growth history, economic and social life, ethnic and socio-demographic characteristics of the inhabitants of Forbesganj town. Besides, it also gives certain basic details regarding migration, settlement and neighbourhood pattern and related matters. The data used in this Volume was collected through field survey. The survey was conducted by Shri D. R. Khanna, Assistant Director with the help of 8 staff namely, S/Shri Vidya Prasad Sinha, Investi gator, Nizamuddin Sidque, S. K. Das 'Sudhakar', Madan Mohan Kanth, S. N. P. Verma-all Statistical Assistants, Rajeshwar Prasad, Jayendra Prasad and Birendra Prasad Singh-all Computors. The final tabulation of survey data was done under the guidance of Shri P. N. Sinha, Assistant Director, by the staff of Central Tabulation Unit, namely, S/Shri Sukhdeo Prasad, Investigator, D. P. Choudhary, R. P. Roy, P. N. Varma, K. N. P. Shrivastava-all Statistical Assistants and Kishori Sharan, Deepak Kumar Sinha and Amrendra Swaroop-all Computors and Ashok Kumar Sharma, Assistant Compiler. The report WaS drafted by Shri P. N. Sinha, Assistant Director and Shri S. C. Saxena, Dy. Director of Census Operations edited the report. The maps inc1udad in this report were prepared by Shri Indra Kant Mishra, Altist under the supervision of Shri R. P. Singh, Research Officer (Map). Shri Md. Hasan Azad, Stenographer has typed the manuscripts. I am grateful to all of them. Dr. N. G. Nag, Ex-Deputy Registrar General and Dr. K. P. Ittaman, the present Deputy Registrar General and Shri M.K. Jain, Senior Research Officer (Social Studies Division) of the office of the Registrar General, India provided technical guidance and suggestions for the study. The Division scrutinised the report and the report had to be recast in the light of comments and suggestions given by the Division. I am thankful to all these officers. I must record my deepest sense of gratitude to Shri P. Padmanabha, Ex':Registrar General, India and Shri V. S. Verma, the present Registrar General, India for their encouraging guidance and valuable suggestions. I am thankful to Shri B.P. Jain, Assistant Director (Printing), office of the Registrar General, India and Aravali Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi who have helped us in bringing out this publication. Patna v. K. Bhargava Dy. Directol' of Census Operations, Bihar 9th September, 1988 Patna (vii) CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION Forbesganj is a town situated 29 Kms. north-west Municipal wards, 3,907 residential houses and 4,551 of Araria Sub-division in Pumia District. The district households and covers and area of 498 Km2• The headquarters Pumia is about 74 Kms. south-east of population within municipal limits according to 1981 the town. The population of the town, according to Ct~nsus is 28,260 which include 15,214 males and 1981 Census is 28,260. Thus of the 220 towns of the 13,046 females of the total population. 15,378 per State and 9 towns of the district, Forbesganj ranks sons are literates 9,758 males, 5,620 females. There 75th and 4th places in population respectively. The are 7,651 main workers, of which 7,269 are males town is spread over north to south with an area of and 382 are females. Of the 1,974 persons belonging 4.98 Km2• It is the smallest urban centre of the to Scheduled Castes there are 1,034 males and 940 district in ar~as resulting in the highest density of females. Since this town lies in plains of the State a population e.g. 5,675 persons per square Km in very negligible percentage of persons belonging to comparison to the other urban centres of the district. Scheduled tribes could be seen in 1981 Census. They The reason of its being densely populated may be are 86 in total, of which 42 are males and 44 are attributed to its commercial importance.