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TFM Roberto Herrero García.Pdf Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Bellas Artes Master Universitario en Investigación en Arte y Creación TFM Trabajo Fin de Máster Título: LOS LABIOS DE DIANA, LOLITA Y SOFÍA RINCÓN Reflexiones en torno a la violencia Autor/a: Roberto Herrero García Tutor/a: Laura de la Colina Tejeda Área temática: Arte-CreaciónProducción Línea de Investigación en la que se encuadra el TFM: Estudios de género, Departamento de Pintura y Conservación Convocatoria: Junio Año: 2019 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Bellas Artes Master Universitario en Investigación en Arte y Creación TFM Trabajo Fin de Máster Título: LOS LABIOS DE DIANA, LOLITA Y SOFÍA RINCÓN Reflexiones en torno a la violencia Autor/a: Roberto Herrero García Tutor/a: Laura de la Colina Tejeda Área temática: Arte-CreaciónProducción Línea de Investigación en la que se encuadra el TFM: Estudios de género, Departamento de Pintura y Conservación Convocatoria: Junio Año: 2019 Índice de contenido Resumen....................................................................................................................3 Objeto de estudio........................................................................................................5 Introducción a "Apolo matando a los cíclopes": No prestéis atención al hombre que hay detrás de la cortina. ..............................5 El cuadro..........................................................................................................5 El tapiz..............................................................................................................9 Objetivos...................................................................................................................13 Un antecedente........................................................................................................15 Estructura.................................................................................................................19 Metodología..............................................................................................................20 Estado de la cuestión................................................................................................21 1. El mundo al derecho.............................................................................................25 1.1.¿Qué se esconde tras la muñeca?................................................................25 1.1.1. Un maniquí con peluca rubia................................................................25 1.1.2. Una niña perversa................................................................................30 1.2. A modo de debate: Un 'no' alguna vez puede ser un quizás. O incluso un 'sí'...................................35 2. El mundo al revés.................................................................................................41 2.1. El mundo al revés... performativizado...........................................................41 2.1.1. Sancho "Calzonazos"...........................................................................41 2.1.2. La fiesta de los aguafiestas..................................................................48 2.2. El mundo al revés...representado.................................................................53 2.2.1. Siempre ha habido, en todos los regímenes, el personaje del bufón...53 2.2.2. El Moreno marrano metiéndome mano.................................................56 2.3. A modo de debate: La polla de Abascal........................................................62 Conclusiones............................................................................................................69 Prospectiva...............................................................................................................71 Bibliografía................................................................................................................73 Lista de ilustraciones................................................................................................81 Anexo........................................................................................................................85 Curriculum................................................................................................................95 1 2 Resumen El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster trata de mostrar los resultados de investigación obtenidos a lo largo del curso académico 2018-19; no obstante el objeto de estudio, tal y como se detallará más adelante, tiene su origen en el Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Esta producción científica articula una reflexión en torno a la representación simbólica y material de la violencia tomando como elemento de análisis "modelos" que construyen un imaginario en la pedagogía artística-plástica y que tiene su reflejo en otros contextos como el literário o el cinematográfico. Frente a visiones marcadamente androcéntricas, proponemos estrategias prefigurativas y de carácter disruptivo. Nos referimos a una serie de tácticas de corte popular, simbolizado en la figura del pelele y la inversión carnavalesca. Si bien, somos conscientes de que en el contexto contemporáneo de la economía de la atención, gran parte de estos planteamientos han sido expropiados de su intención primaria para emplearse con fines de signo contrario, un aspecto que se ejemplifica en la transformación de la figura del bufón (plenamente performativa), pasando por el guiñol en su formato televisivo, hasta la actual producción del meme en masa. En base a lo expuesto, nuestro estudio se podría sintetizar como el análisis de las estrategias y tácticas en el ámbito de la representación con las que se visibilizan o camuflan relaciones de poder. Palabras clave: modelo; género; representación; violencia; camuflaje; estructura-social; juego-poder. Abstract This Final Masters project tries to show the results of the research which has been developed by us during the last school year 2018-19. However, our object of study, as will be explained later, has it origin in our Final Degree Project. This scientific production articulates a reflexion about the symbolic and material representations of violence, using as an element of analysis "models" which are widely accepted in the artistic education and which have their reflexion in other contexts, such as literature or cinema. Versus those markedly androcentric visions, we propose pre-figurative and disruptive strategies. We refer to a series of popular tactics, symbolized in the figure of the "pelele" (dummy) or the carnaval inversion. Even so, we are aware that in the contemporary context of the attention economy, a large part of these approaches have been expropriated from their primary intention to be used for purposes of the opposite political wing. This point is exemplified in the transformation of the traditional jester figure (absolutely performative) into de TV puppet and the modern mass meme production. Based on the above, our study could be synthesized as an analysis of the representational strategies with which it is possible to visualize or camouflage power relationships. Keywords: model; gender; representation; violence; camouflage; social-structure; power-game. 3 4 Objeto de estudio Nuestro objeto de estudio es el análisis de las estrategias y tácticas en el ámbito de la representación con las que se visibilizan o camuflan relaciones de poder. En este sentido, partimos del ámbito artístico y, más concretamente, de cómo estas cuestiones se ponen de manifiesto en lo relacionado con la figura de la modelo en el ámbito académico; para ir introduciendo, como elemento comparativo, prácticas cuyo origen son de carácter popular. Para ello, nuestra perspectiva de análisis será crítica, a saber: incidiremos continuamente sobre cómo se revelan los intereses privados o de sectores privilegiados, frente a los colectivos. El haber llegado a este planteamiento, mucho más amplio al que tuvimos en origen, se debe a la disertación sobre una pintura mural del artista Domenichino que nos hizo adentrarnos en una serie de planteamientos que, ayudados de un texto de Pierre Klossowski, fueron dibujando estrategias y características que articulan el presente trabajo. El hecho de interpelarnos en base a los planteamientos anteriormente expuestos, nos acercó a la producción de imágenes masivas generadas por usuarios sin pretensiones artísticas, un imaginario colectivo con el que se cerrará nuestro trabajo. La introducción que planteamos a continuación inicia dicha reflexión, al final de la cual, enumeramos nuestros objetivos para este Trabajo de Fin de Máster. Posteriormente, incluimos un breve prólogo redactado a partir de nuestro acceso a una colección de fotografías de carácter documental de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de Madrid, las cuales permitirán entender la motivación y el devenir de nuestra investigación, así como formular nuestra estructura, metodología y Estado de la Cuestión. Introducción a “Apolo matando a los cíclopes”: No prestéis atención al hombre que hay detrás de la cortina El cuadro "—Oh, oh, eh... ¡No prestéis atención al hombre que hay detrás de la cortina! ¡El grande y poderoso Oz ha hablado!1 Este fragmento de la película “El Mago de Oz” (1939) pertenece a la parte final de la historia, momento en el que Totó, el pequeño perro de la protagonista Dorothy — interpretada por Judy Garland—, desvela tras una cortina verde a un hombre “normal y corriente” —interpretado por Frank Morgan— que, mediante trucos de ilusionismo, fingía ser un mago colosal. Esta secuencia, en la que se produce
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