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Impact of Social Capital on Food Security in Southeast Uganda Haroon Sseguya Iowa State University

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Impact of Social Capital on Food Security in Southeast Uganda Haroon Sseguya Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2009 Impact of social capital on food security in southeast Uganda Haroon Sseguya Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Sseguya, Haroon, "Impact of social capital on food security in southeast Uganda" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 10747. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/10747 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Impact of social capital on food security in southeast Uganda by Haroon Sseguya A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Co-majors: Sustainable Agriculture; Sociology Program of Study Committee: Robert E. Mazur, Co-major Professor Betty L. Wells, Co-major Professor Cornelia B. Flora Francis Y. Owusu Eric A. Abbott Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2009 Copyright © Haroon Sseguya, 2009. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION To my wife Sharifah and children Aisha, Lukia, Mubarak and Salma iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ACRONYMS vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix ABSTRACT xiii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Decentralization, PEAP, PMA and food security efforts in Uganda. 3 Background information about Kamuli district 9 Overview of the food security concept 11 Social capital 12 Establishing the link between food security and social capital 16 Objectives, hypotheses and conceptual framework 18 Dissertation organization 22 References 22 CHAPTER 2: DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION IN FOOD SECURITY GROUPS IN KAMULI DISTRICT, UGANDA 29 Abstract 29 Introduction 30 Analytical framework 31 Data and methods 37 Results and discussion 45 Conclusion 57 References 59 CHAPTER 3: ASSESSMENT OF PARTICIPATION IN FOOD SECURITY GROUPS IN KAMULI DISTRICT, SOUTHEAST UGANDA. 63 Abstract 63 Introduction 63 Analytical framework 66 Data and Methods 69 Results and discussion 74 Conclusion 89 References 91 CHAPTER 4: STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION ACCESSIBILITY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF KAMULI DISTRICT 96 Abstract 96 Introduction 97 Analytical framework 99 Data and Methods 103 Results and discussion 107 Conclusion 122 References 124 iv CHAPTER 5: IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND FOOD SECURITY? A CASE STUDY OF KAMULI DISTRICT, UGANDA. 128 Abstract 128 Introduction 129 Conceptualization of social capital 131 Food security and its measurement 133 Data and methods 137 Results and discussion 143 Conclusion 152 References 153 CHAPTER 6: GENERAL CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 159 Summary and conclusion 159 Policy implications 163 Implications for theory and literature 166 Areas for further research 167 References 168 APPENDIX 1: SURVEY INSTRUMENT 171 APPENDIX 2: GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 183 APPENDIX 3: COMMUNITY DISCUSSION GUIDE 186 APPENDIX 4: TESTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY BETWEEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR REGRESSION OF PARTICIPATION IN GROUPS 190 APPENDIX 5: TESTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY BETWEEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR REGRESSION OF LEADERSHIP IN GROUPS 191 APPENDIX 6: TESTS OF MULTICOLLINEARITY BETWEEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR REGRESSION OF PARTICIPATION LEVEL IN GROUPS 192 APPENDIX 7: TEST OF MULTICOLLINEARITY BETWEEN INDEPENDENT VARIABLES FOR REGRESSION OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS 193 VITA 194 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1 Major functions of local councils in Uganda’s decentralized governance 4 Table 2.1 Selection procedures for the study sample in Kamuli district 40 Table 2.2. Summary of variables used in the study 42 Table 2.3. Characteristics of respondents 46 Table 2.4. Logistic regression of participation in groups with socio-demographic, economic and spatial factors in Kamuli district 49 Table 2.5 Logistic regression of group leadership with socio-demographic, economic and spatial factors in Kamuli district 52 Table 2.6. Logistic regression of participation levels with socio-demographic, economic and spatial factors in Kamuli district 54 Table 3.1. Groups involved in the group discussions in Kamuli district 71 Table 4.1 Thematic and axial categories of the study data 107 Table 4.2. Ethnic groups in the study parishes 108 Table 4.3. Ownership of at least one mobile phone at household level in Kamuli district 110 Table 4.4 Major sources of information in the study communities in Kamuli district 112 Table 5.1 Adapted household food security scale (HFSS) module 141 Table 5.2 Factor loadings for the rotated factors underlying social capital 143 Table 5.3 Food security status of households disaggregated by participation status in the CSRL/MU/VEDCO livelihood improvement program in Kamuli district 145 Table 5.4 Food items consumed during the months of plenty and scarcity 147 Table 5.5. Multinomial logistic regression of food security with social, human, physical and financial capital in Kamuli district 149 Table 5.6 Binary logistic regression of food security with social, human, physical and financial capital in Kamuli district 149 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Location of Uganda and Kamuli district 10 Figure 1.2 Conceptual framework of social capital impacts on food security 21 Figure 2.1 Map of Kamuli showing the study area 39 Figure 3.1 Objectives, themes and axial categories of the study 74 Figure 4.1 Map of Kamuli district showing the study area 104 Figure 4.2 An illustration of information flow mapping 114 Figure 5.1 Map of Kamuli district showing the study area 139 vii LIST OF ACRONYMS AKIS – Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ANOVA – Analysis of Variance ARKIS – Agricultural/Rural Knowledge and Information System CHNW – Community Nutrition and Health Worker CIAT – International Center for Tropical Agriculture CSRL – Center for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods DAEE – Department of Agricultural Extension/Education DENIVA – Development Network of Voluntary Indigenous Associations FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) FSR-E – Farming Systems Research and Extension GIS – Geographical Information Systems GPSA – Graduate Program in Sustainable Agriculture HFIS – Household Food Insecurity Scale HFSSI – Household Food Security Scale Index HIV/AIDS – Human Immuno-deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IFDI – Integrated Family Development Initiative IK – Indigenous Knowledge IRDI – Integrated Rural Development Initiative ISU – Iowa State University KCT – Kulika Charitable Trust KDA – Kamuli District Administration LC – Local Council LU – Livestock Unit MAAIF – Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries MDG – Millennium Development Goals MFPED – Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MoLG – Ministry of Local Government MTN – Mobile Telephone Network MU – Makerere University viii NAADS – (Uganda) National Agricultural Advisory Services NEMA – (Uganda) National Environment Management Authority NGO – Non-Governmental Organization OPM – Oxford Policy Management PCA – Principal Components Analysis PEAP – Poverty Eradication Action Plan PLWHA – People Living with HIV/AIDS PMA – Plan for Modernization of Agriculture PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal PRSPs – Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers RDE – Rural Development Extensionist RRA – Rapid Rural Appraisal SHI – Self-Help International SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPW – Student Partnerships Worldwide ToT – Transfer of Technologies UBOS – Uganda Bureau of Statistics UNDP – United Nations Development Program USAID – United States Agency for International Development USDA – United States Department of Agriculture VEDCO – Volunteer Efforts for Development Concerns WFP – (United Nations) World Food Program ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My journey to the Ph.D. program in sustainable agriculture and sociology at Iowa State University (ISU) began with a morning call I made in July 2004 to Prof. Lorna Butler, then Henry A. Wallace Endowed Chair for Sustainable Agriculture, during one of her visits to Uganda. Prof. Mateete Bekunda, then dean of the Faculty of Agriculture at Makerere University (MU), had earlier informed me that ISU would like to work with MU faculty on a new livelihoods program in Uganda. Lorna was then on her way back to ISU and promised to visit with me on her return the following month. The meeting took place in August 2004, with Lorna and Prof. Robert Mazur, my major Professor and then director of the Center for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (CSRL) at ISU. Bob and Lorna encouraged me to apply for the Ph.D. Program, to which I got admission beginning Fall 2005. The rest is history, but with a lot of lessons for a social capital scholar… Thank you Mateete, Bob and Lorna for believing in, encouraging and mentoring me in my quest for professional growth. I owe a lot of thanks to members of my doctoral committee – Robert Mazur, Betty Wells, Francis Owusu, Cornelia Flora and Eric Abbott – for guiding me through the program with interest, and for always challenging me to do the very best that I could. I am also grateful to the various professors at ISU especially in the Graduate Program for Sustainable Agriculture (GPSA) and sociology, who provided the wonderful training. I also appreciate the company of fellow graduate students in GPSA and sociology
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