LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 334202 4 2 0 2 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

APPENDIX D

CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY ASSESSMENT & PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Preprint DEIR\PDFS\Appendices\Appendices.doc «07/23/14» D R A F T ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET JJULY U L YYY 2 2014 0 1 4 CITY OF DANA POINT

This page intentionally left blank

D-2 P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Preprint DEIR\PDFS\Appendices\Appendices.doc «07/23/14»

CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY

34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA

July 2014

CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT SURVEY

34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA

Submitted to:

Kurth Nelson, III Senior Planner City of Dana Point 33282 Golden Lantern Dana Point, California 92629

Prepared by:

Ivan H. Strudwick, RPA LSA Associates, Inc. 20 Executive Park, Suite 200 Irvine, California 92614 (949) 553-0666

Project No. DPC1301

National Archaeological Data Base Information: Type of Study: Record Search, Survey Sites Recorded/Updated: None USGS Quadrangle: Dana Point, California 7.5 ′ (USGS 1968) Acreage: ~9 acres Key Words: Negative Survey

July 2014

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) conducted a cultural resource assessment of the Del Obispo Project located in the City of Dana Point, in Orange County (County), California. The assessment included a record search, field survey, and report. The record search was completed on December 10, 2013, and the field survey was completed on December 27, 2013. The purpose of the assessment was to determine the presence of cultural resources within the proposed project area.

The record search conducted at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) indicated that portions of the project area were previously surveyed but that no cultural resources have been documented within the project area. Although ground visibility was excellent, the field survey did not identify any cultural resources.

Soil on site developed primarily as a result of flooding of nearby San Juan Creek. Because of this flooding, deposits of prehistoric origin are unlikely to be of great age and would likely be greatly disturbed. Since the project area was used as a mobile home park for many years and likely contains Artificial Fill over part of it, the likelihood that intact subsurface cultural deposits will be present within the project area is very low. Therefore, LSA recommends that no further cultural resource management of the project area is necessary.

In the unlikely event that previously undocumented archaeological materials are encountered during construction, work in the vicinity of the find should be halted and a County-certified archaeologist consulted to determine the appropriate treatment of the discovery.

If human remains are encountered during construction activities, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY...... i INTRODUCTION ...... 1 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 PROJECT PERSONNEL ...... 3 SETTING ...... 4 CURRENT SETTING ...... 4 NATURAL RESOURCES ...... 4 CULTURAL...... 5 METHODS ...... 13 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ...... 13 FIELD SURVEY ...... 13 REPORT OF FINDINGS ...... 14 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH ...... 14 FIELD SURVEY ...... 15 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 17 REFERENCES ...... 18

FIGURE

Figure 1: Project Location ...... 2

APPENDIX

A: RECORD SEARCH RESULTS LETTER

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» ii LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

INTRODUCTION

The City of Dana Point (City) contracted LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) to conduct a cultural resources assessment for the 34202 Del Obispo Street Project (project) to determine whether cultural resources are present. This assessment addresses the requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act ([CEQA] as amended January 1, 2013): Public Resources Code, Division 13 (Environmental Quality), Chapter 2.6, Section 21083.2 (Archaeological Resources) and Section 21084.1 (Historical Resources); and the Guidelines for CEQA (as amended December 1, 2012), California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 14, Chapter 3, Article 5, Section 15064.5 (Determining the Significance of Impacts on Historical and Unique Archaeological Resources). It should be noted that the term “project area” is used to refer to the approximately 9-acre (ac) project site throughout this report rather than term “project site” in order to avoid confusion with the term “site” when referring to locations identified as potentially containing cultural resources.

PROJECT LOCATION The project area is an approximately 9 ac parcel located at 34202 Del Obispo Street in the City of Dana Point, California. The project area consists of two parcels (Assessor’s Parcel Numbers [APNs] 668-271-03 and 668-271-04) and is located near the northeast corner of Del Obispo Street and Pacific Coast Highway (PCH). In general, the project is located less than 0.25 mile (mi) inland (north) of the coast at Doheny State Beach, just 0.5 mi northeast of Dana Point Harbor, and approximately 1 mi east-northeast of Dana Cove.

Specifically, the project is located on the west bank of San Juan Creek. It is bordered on the north by the South Orange County Wastewater Authority (SOCWA), by an area of commercial businesses and PCH on the south, and by Del Obispo Street and a Denny’s restaurant on the west. A pedestrian overcrossing at PCH, leading from businesses along the south side of the project area to Doheny State Beach, has a sign that reads “Dana Point” and acts as a visual gateway to the Dana Point Harbor and downtown area. Located at an elevation of approximately 10 to 20 feet (ft) above mean sea level, the project area is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Dana Point, California 7.5- minute topographic quadrangle map (1968) in an unsectioned area of Township 8 South, Range 8 West, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian (Figure 1).

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed mixed-use project includes construction of a residential/mixed-use community of 168 condominium units, approximately 2,471 square feet (sf) of commercial space, and 0.5 ac of parkland fronting PCH. The residential condominiums, 10 percent (17) of which are proposed as affordable units in compliance with the Mellow Act, will be located in 34 separate buildings separated by driveways, parking areas, and private and common open-space areas. Although the majority of residential units will be two- or three-bedroom units, 30 of the residences will be one- bedroom units. Buildings will be constructed in a modern architectural style exhibiting some elements

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 1 Project Location

405 133 Project Vicinity 241 55 73 Orange County

74

1

5 San Diego Project Location County

LEGEND FIGURE 1 Project Location

0 1000 2000 34202 Del Obispo Street Project FEET Project Location SOURCE: USGS 7.5' QUAD - Dana Point, CA ('75) I:\DPC1301\GIS\ProjectLocation.mxd (12/30/2013) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

of Spanish Revival architecture used historically in Dana Point. All structures will be between 31 and 35 ft in height, complying with City regulations.

Commercial uses related to the proposed development will be located on the ground floor of two of the buildings adjacent to a portion of the proposed parkland area in the southwest portion of the project fronting PCH. The exact commercial uses within the development have not yet been identified; however, as mentioned above, they are proposed to occupy approximately 2,471 sf of floor area.

PROJECT PERSONNEL The survey was conducted by Deborah McLean and Ivan Strudwick. Ivan Strudwick prepared the report. Principal review was provided by Deborah McLean.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 3 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

SETTING

CURRENT SETTING The project area was formerly occupied by a 90-space mobile home park. Although the mobile homes were removed in 2003/2004, some remnant asphalt roadway segments and utility boxes remain on the project area. Several mature trees and shrubs also exist in the project area. Most of the existing project area is covered with a low growth of introduced grasses remaining since the razing of the mobile homes. Plant growth has remained low since it is dependent upon scant natural precipitation.

NATURAL RESOURCES The natural setting of the project vicinity is presented based on the underlying theoretical assumption that humans and human societies are in continual interaction with the physical environment. Being an integral and major part of the ecological system, humans respond to the limits imposed by the environment by technological and behavioral adaptation and by altering the environment to produce more favorable conditions. Locations of archaeological sites are based on the constraints of these interactions, whether it be proximity to a particular resource, topographical restrictions, or shelter and protection. Sites will also contain an assemblage of artifacts and ecofacts consistent with the particular interaction.

Geology and Geomorphology Regionally, the project area is located on the western flank of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province. This region is characterized by a series of northwesterly trending mountain ranges separated by northwesterly trending valleys and subparallel faults branching from the San Andreas Fault. These ranges are essentially a series of fault-bounded blocks that dip gently to the west and have a steep eastern escarpment. This province extends from the tip of Baja California to the Transverse Ranges north of the Los Angeles Basin. The width of the province varies from 30 to 225 mi, with a maximum landbound width of 65 mi (Sharp 1976). The Los Angeles Basin and the island group (Santa Catalina, Santa Barbara, and the distinctly terraced San Clemente and San Nicolas Islands), together with the surrounding continental shelf (cut by deep submarine fault troughs), are included in this province (California Geologic Survey 2002). The rocks of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province are typically composed of Jurassic-age metasedimentary and metavolcanic as well as Cretaceous-age igneous rocks of the Southern California batholith. These older rock units are, in turn, capped by limited exposures of Cretaceous to recent marine and terrestrial sedimentary deposits composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles. The primary sediment source for the geologic formations in this province is the uplifted Southern California batholith.

Specifically, the project is located in the San Juan Creek drainage immediately upslope of the Pacific Ocean. Geologic mapping by Tan (1999) and Kennedy and Tan (2007) depict the entire surface of the project area as Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago) Young Alluvial Flood- plain Deposits, a description of which is provided below. It is also possible, due to the level nature of the project area, that Artificial Fill exists within the project, although the location and depth of the fill

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 4 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

is unknown. Just west of the project area, Late to Middle Pleistocene (11,700–781,000 years ago) Old Alluvial Flood-plain Deposits are mapped along Del Obispo Street. Additionally, Early Pliocene to Late Miocene (3.6–11.62 million years ago) Capistrano Formation is mapped approximately 600 ft west of the project area. It is likely that one or both of these older geologic units (Old Alluvial Flood- plain and Capistrano Formation) exist at depth in the project area.

Young Alluvial Flood-plain Deposits are generally found adjacent to stream and river channels and represent deposition by streams and rivers during flood events. In the project area, these deposits represent flooding events of San Juan Creek. They consist of unconsolidated to poorly consolidated, poorly sorted, permeable deposits of sand, silt, and clay that accumulated during the Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago) (Tan 1999; Kennedy and Tan 2007). These deposits are mapped across the surface of the entire project area.

Most of the Capistrano Formation consists of poorly consolidated, fossiliferous, sandy-siltstone and mudstone sediments that would not have been utilized by the native inhabitants, although there are some cobble lenses. Local natives would have utilized cobbles from this limited supply, as well as the more abundant rock and cobble of other nearby formations such as the Middle Miocene San Onofre Breccia and the Late Miocene San Mateo Formation for the manufacture of ground stone and chipped stone tools. These cobbles can be found in the nearby cliffs along the coast at Dana Cove as well as in the alluvium of San Juan Creek.

Biology The project area climate is Mediterranean semiarid steppe moderated by its proximity to the coast (Jaeger and Smith 1966). The Mediterranean climate is characterized by mild winters, warm springs and autumns, and hot, dry summers. Rains primarily occur in the winter and early spring. Morning fog occurs along the coastal plain and occasionally reaches the inland valleys and mountains.

Vegetation in the project area is composed of ruderal non-native grasses and non-native ornamental vegetation. Ruderal vegetation is indicative of disturbed areas and is dominated by weedy introduced species. Vegetation on the majority of the site falls under this classification. During prehistoric times and into the historic period, the area contained vegetation from two biotic communities: coastal sage scrub and riparian (Jaeger and Smith 1966). Coastal strand, oak woodland, and chaparral biotic communities were found within a short distance of the project area. These communities provided the plant and animal resources utilized for food and tools by local native groups.

CULTURAL Prehistory The description of an overall regional chronology demarking the major stages of cultural evolution in the Southern California area has been attempted many times. Two principal chronologies, Wallace (1955; 1978) and Warren (1968), have been revised slightly (Koerper 1981; Koerper and Drover 1983). Southern California cultural developments occur gradually, and appear to have long-term stability; specifically applying a chronology is often difficult.

These researchers have divided regional prehistory into a four-stage chronology describing changing artifact assemblages and evolving ecological adaptations. The principal chronology proposed by

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 5 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Wallace (1955) divides the area prehistory by major cultural changes within general prehistoric time periods. Wallace defined four cultural horizons, or periods, for Southern California: the Early Period, the Milling Stone Period, the Intermediate Period, and the Late Prehistoric Period.

The Early Period covers a period between approximately 10,000 and approximately 5500 BC. Artifacts and cultural activities from this time period represent a predominantly hunting culture (Wallace 1955). Although Early Period sites in Southern California are rare, Moratto (1984:76) lists several traits characteristic of sites occupied during this period. This list includes locations on shorelines of ancient lakes and marshes. In coastal areas, such sites are located along stream channels or near estuaries. Although bow and arrow do not exist, atlatl and dart are known. An array of specialized cobble, core, flake, and blade implements are also known. In certain areas, the presence of extremely large, often fluted bifaces marks the Early Period (Moratto 1984:81).

Early Period artifacts have seldom been identified in Orange County. Relatively early radiocarbon dates show that two sites, CA-ORA-195 and CA-ORA-64 (the Irvine Site), contain Early Period components, although CA-ORA-64 was also occupied later in time (Erlandson 1994:219). Material from CA-ORA-64 includes shellfish from Newport Bay, leading Drover et al. (1983) to conclude that the Early Period component at CA-ORA-64 was similar to some early site components in the San Diego region.

Erlandson (1994:218–221) describes several radiocarbon dated Early Period sites, including CA-ORA-246, CA-ORA-339, and CA-ORA-386, that contain quantities of the rocky open coast inhabiting mussel Mytilus californianus . It is possible that Early Period occupation will be identified at those sites exhibiting Milling Stone Period and Intermediate Period occupation when excavation and analysis procedures have become more advanced.

Milling Stone Period (5500-3000 BC) sites typically contain ground stone artifacts such as manos, metates, and cogged stones (similar to discoidals 1 with respect to size and workmanship, but have grooves or indentations along their edges giving them a gear-like appearance). Wallace suggests that Milling Stone Period cultures were generally hunter-gatherers who spent much time collecting and processing plants. When bifaces are found on Milling Stone Period sites, they are commonly large and associated with the use of the atlatl.

Several Milling Stone Period sites have been identified in Orange County. The best known is CA-ORA-64, which dates to circa 6000 BC (Erlandson 1994:219–221). Drover et al. (1983) suggest that early Milling Stone Period sites represent refuse from mobile hunters and gatherers who utilized coastal resources during the winter and inland resources throughout the remainder of the year. By the late portion of the Milling Stone Period, faunal remains suggest relatively permanent settlements in the Newport Bay area. Subsistence strategies included intensive hunting of small and large land mammals, sea mammals, and birds, as well as near shore fishing and shellfish collecting. Elsewhere, small mammals were hunted and seeds were collected, as documented by the many milling stones found at Milling Stone Period sites throughout the Orange County area.

By 3000 BC, coastal populations began greater reliance on marine resources. The remains of near- shore and deep sea fish appear more often as refuse in middens. Much farther inland, populations

1 Discoidals are usually round to ovoid ground stones with flat to slightly convex faces and edges. Both discoidals and cogged stones appear to have been made between circa 4000 and 1000 BC (Moratto 1984:149).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 6 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

centered around pluvial lakes created by runoff from melting glaciers. In coastal areas, there was an increased use of the mortar and pestle, which marked a technological change in the manner seeds were processed. Instead of using just mano and metate, smaller seeds could be better contained in the basket-like mortar or hopper mortar (basket asphalted to a mortar base), and it is possible that the mortar and pestle indicate a diversification in seed collecting strategy. The use of the mortar and pestle marks Wallace’s Intermediate Period. Additional artifacts found predominantly within the Intermediate Period include discoidals and crescents (crescentically shaped flaked stone artifacts).

Orange County researchers have had difficulty identifying the Intermediate Period, since tool categories, even the mortar and pestle, occur in both earlier and later periods. As a result, few Orange County sites have been placed in this Period. The few known sites often are dated by radiocarbon or obsidian hydration methods, which have isolated the Intermediate Period materials. Intermediate Period sites identified near Newport Bay include CA-ORA-121 (Crownover et al. 1990), CA-ORA-196/H (Strudwick et al. 1996), and CA-ORA-287 (Clevenger 1986). Two temporary camps, CA-ORA-221/222 and CA-ORA-226, also appear to contain Intermediate Period components (Rosenthal and Padon 1986; Mason et al. 1987).

The Late Prehistoric Period begins approximately AD 500 (Bean and Smith 1978). During this period, artifact changes and new cultural practices occur. Smaller projectile points, representing bow and arrow hunting, appear on Late Period sites. This period is also marked by steatite effigies and by cremation as an interment practice. These artifacts and practices have been linked to a proposed immigration by the Shoshonean (Takic) from the Great Basin that ended at the coast. By AD 1000, smoking pipes and ceramic pottery occur, although ceramic smoking pipes may occur somewhat earlier, within the later portion of the Intermediate Period. Dating of sites to the Late Period also depends on the occurrence of other items such as Salton Sea (Obsidian Buttes) obsidian. Sites within the Orange County region occasionally contain the vitreous (glassy) lithic called Grimes Canyon fused shale, which originates from Ventura County (Demcak 1981; Hall 1988).

Ethnohistory The project area is within territory ethnohistorically occupied by the Juaneño. Along the coast, the Gabrielino were located to the north and the Luiseño to the south. The Juaneño are considered to be a linguistically related subgroup of the Luiseño that occupied the area near San Juan Capistrano. What is known about the Juaneño was recorded principally during the initial European land expeditions through the Southern California area. The reason for this is that the swift decline in native populations made it difficult even for early European explorers and inhabitants to observe endemic Southern California peoples in a natural state. This decline in native population was brought about by the inability of Native Americans to resist European diseases introduced through initial contact and the establishment of the mission system. This section describes previously published accounts of Juaneño territory.

Both Sparkman (1908:188–189) and Bean and Shipek (1978:550–551) state that the Luiseño occupied the area from a point just north of San Juan Capistrano southward to the mouth of Agua Hedionda in what is now Carlsbad. Sparkman (1908:189) states that due to language differences, the group near San Juan Capistrano was not considered Luiseño by some. The subsuming of Juaneño by Luiseño is illustrated by the inclusion of a discussion of Juaneño within a chapter on Luiseño (Bean and Shipek 1978). Rather than give an exact description of Luiseño territory, Kroeber (1925:648–

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 7 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

649) states that the northern and northwestern neighbors of the Luiseño are the Gabrielino and Juaneño.

Kroeber (1925:636) states that the Juaneño were wedged in between the Gabrielino and Luiseño, and Juaneño territory ran from Aliso Creek on the north to a point between San Onofre and Las Pulgas on the coast. Rather than having a distinct language, Juaneño speech was said to be a dialect of Luiseño (Kroeber 1925:636). White (1963:104) states that the dialectical differences between the Juaneño and Luiseño “did not prevent mutual understanding . . .” White (1963:104) continues that although local variations in culture between Juaneño and Luiseño may have existed, it was at the village level rather than the tribe level, suggesting only minor differences between the two groups. Sparkman (1908) and White (1963) argue that the Juaneño are really a subgroup of the greater Luiseño tribe. O’Neil (1988:107, 111) also makes reference to the Juaneño being a coastal branch of the Luiseño. Merriam (1968) extends Juaneño territory northward to the Santa Ana River and Newport Bay, although this is quite a distance north when compared with previous territory descriptions. These previous descriptions suggest major similarities between the Luiseño and Juaneño, perhaps as an initial stage of cultural evolution in the formation of a new language and tribal group. In any event, major similarities existed between the Luiseño and Juaneño groups, much less than the differences in language and custom between the Luiseño and Gabrielino.

The name “Gabrielino” describes those native groups living in what are now the Los Angeles and Orange County areas named due to their affiliation with Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. Linguistically, the Gabrielino language, as well as that of the Luiseño and Juaneño, is a Cupan language in the Takic family, which is part of the Uto-Aztecan (formerly Shoshonean) linguistic stock that once extended across the Great Basin region of Utah, Nevada, and California (Bean and Shipek 1978:550; Bean and Smith 1978:538; McCawley 1996:2–3). In California, the northernmost members of this stock are the Mono, while the Chemehuevi are the easternmost, the Cahuilla are the southernmost, and the Luiseño were the southwesternmost California members (Kroeber 1925). These languages have elsewhere been referred to as Southern California Shoshonean.

The name Luiseño has been applied to those native people living within the “ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Mission San Luis Rey . . . [who shared] an ancestral relationship which is evident in their cosmogony, and oral tradition, common language, and reciprocal relationship in ceremonies” (Oxendine 1983:8). The term Juaneño describes those native people who were missionized into Mission San Juan Capistrano and who inhabited the northernmost portion of Camp Pendleton. Much of the existing ethnohistoric information about the Juaneño is derived from accounts about the Luiseño (Kroeber 1925; White 1963).

The Gabrielino, Luiseño, and Juaneño were similar in that they were hunters and gatherers who used both inland and coastal food resources. They hunted and collected seasonally available food resources and led a semisedentary lifestyle, often living in permanent communities along watercourses and near coastal estuaries. Commonly chosen habitation sites included rivers, streams, sheltered coastal bays and estuaries, and the transition zone marking the interface between prairies and foothills (McCawley 1996). The presence of water, a stable food supply, and some measure of protection from flooding were the most important factors relating to the location of habitation sites. Gabrielino and Luiseño communities located in the interior regions maintained permanent geographical territories or use areas that averaged 30 square miles, although it is likely that coastal settlements, where food resources may have been more plentiful and more easily available throughout the entire year, occupied less acreage (White 1963:117, 119; Oxendine 1983:44).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 8 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

In addition to permanent settlements, native groups occupied temporary campsites used seasonally for hunting, fishing, and gathering plant foods and shellfish (White 1963:120–124; McCawley 1996:25). Rabbit and deer were the most commonly hunted animals, while acorns, buckwheat, chía, berries, and fruits were some of the more commonly collected plant foods. Acorns were the staple food of most indigenous Californians (Kroeber 1925:84) and were the most characteristic feature of the domestic economy of native California (Gifford 1936:87). Fully 25 to 50 percent of inland Luiseño food is thought to have been acorns (White 1963:116, 121). Among the inland Luiseño, land use was patterned with only a small quantity of total territory in disuse (White 1963:122). The Gabrielino established seasonal camps along the coast and near estuaries and bays, such as Newport Bay, in order to fish, gather shellfish, and hunt waterfowl (White 1963:122; Hudson 1971). The economy of coastal groups is thought to have focused on marine rather than land resources (White 1963:119).

Boscana (1978:65) describes the permanence of Juaneño villages in the following passage: “. . . in the winter they resided in one place and in summer another. This was general among them, excepting in the case of those tribes located on the sea-coast who seldom moved because their maintenance was derived from the sea.” This suggests that inland villages were seasonal, while coastal villages may have been occupied permanently, since their food source was more dependable.

Native culture in coastal Southern California was characterized by an active and elaborate system of rituals and ceremonies. Rituals included individual rites of passage, village rites, seasonal ceremonies, and participation in the widespread Chinigchinich cult (variant spellings, Kroeber 1925; McCawley 1996). The cult of the culture hero Chinigchinich was observed and recorded by Franciscan missionary Father Gerónimo Boscana during his residences at Missions San Luis Rey (1811–1814) and San Juan Capistrano (1814–1826) and describes the rich and complex cosmology and rituals practiced at the time (Boscana 1978; Harrington 1934).

History Spanish Mission Period (1769–1821). The Historic Period in Southern California is generally accepted to commence with the establishment of Mission San Diego De Alcalá, first and southernmost of the Alta California Missions, on July 16, 1769 (Lowman 1993:2, 5). The seventh mission founded in Alta California was Mission San Juan Capistrano, established on November 1, 1776, in Juaneño territory (Lowman 1993:9). In 1778, Mission San Juan Capistrano was moved to its present location in order to take advantage of a more dependable water supply. Engelhardt (1998) disputes that there ever was an old mission site, based on Pedro Font’s (Font 1913:43–45) description of the area during Anza’s trek to San Diego in 1776.

While the location of the old mission is unknown, its name is not. The lands occupied by the old mission have been anglicized as Mission Viejo (Sleeper 1988). The San Juan Capistrano mission land holding was extensive in order to support itself and its Indian converts. The mission lands stretched 13 to 14 leagues north to south and 3 to 4 leagues east to west. The mission ranchos included Rancho Santa Ana , Rancho San Joaquin , Rancho Mission Viejo , Rancho Trabuco , and Rancho San Mateo (Bancroft 1966; Englehardt 1998). The Rancho San Mateo is specifically named by the mission fathers due to encroachment on their lands by the Mission San Luis Rey to the south. Englehardt (1998:88) quotes a report from the mission father that mentions the San Mateo Rancho as being about 3 leagues southeast of San Juan Capistrano. However, the Mission San Luis Rey placed its own mission’s Rancho San Onófrio within 0.5 league of San Mateo, apparently on lands of San Juan

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 9 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Capistrano. The mission’s Rancho San Mateo should not be confused with a later Mexican grant in northern California with the same name. The mission used the land for crops and cattle. This land was to be turned over to the Indians as a pueblo and was thus held in trust by the Church for the benefit of the natives (Robinson 1979). The missions recruited neophytes, native converts, to settle on land close to the mission. Local native villages, rancherias , were thus incorporated into the mission system.

The Franciscans’ goal was to convert the Native Americans to Christianity and incorporate them into Spanish society. The local natives could learn smithing, plant and animal domestication, and European building construction methods. Europeans learned how and where indigenous people lived and gathered information about native life as well as ceremonial and ritual practices. Occasionally, this information was recorded, and from these early records comes much of what we now know concerning native life.

Ultimately, Spanish colonization resulted in the destruction of native culture and society. Two important factors that contributed to this decline included (1) the removal of the youngest, healthiest, and most productive natives from their traditional communities and their placement into the mission system, and (2) the introduction of highly infectious diseases, which eventually led to epidemics and reduced birth rates. As a result, traditional Native American communities were depopulated and the survivors integrated into local Mexican-American communities.

Mexican Rancho Period (1821–1848). In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain, and in 1848, the United States formally obtained California. The period from 1821 to 1848 is here referred to as the Mexican Rancho Period (see Robinson 1979:52). During this period, there was a change from the subsistence agriculture of the Spanish Mission Period to livestock husbandry of the large ranches, or ranchos , acquired by Mexican citizens through grants or by purchase from mission administrators. It was also during this period that large tracts of land termed ranchos were granted by the various Mexican Governors of alta California, usually to individuals who had worked in the service of the Mexican government.

Mexican Period land grants were numerous, and like previous Spanish Period grants, were initially grazing concessions (Robinson 1979:65). In 1824, the Mexican Congress established rules for the colonization of national lands, and in 1828, the Mexican government enacted specific rules and regulations for colonization of the republic’s territories (Robinson 1979:65–66). In 1833, barely more than a decade after gaining independence from Spain, the Mexican government’s Secularization Act changed missions into civil parishes. Those natives who had inhabited regions adjacent to a Spanish Period mission were to obtain half of all mission possessions, including land. However, in most instances this did not occur, and the Secularization Act resulted in the transfer of large mission tracts to politically prominent individuals.

Mexican Period governors of California granted approximately 700 ranchos, including regrantings, duplications, and splitting of older and larger grants now renamed by heirs of the original grantee (Cowan 1993:9; see also Robinson 1979:67). One notable petition for a land grant was made by Pio Pico, Mexican Governor from 1845 to 1846, who in order to secure Jamul Rancho, which was originally awarded him in 1831 “… made a new petition to himself, from himself; and then regranted it to himself, from himself…” (Cowan 1993:9).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 10 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

While Mission San Juan Capistrano owned mission lands just north of the current project area, the current project is located on land located along the western edge of the Mexican Period land grant of Rancho Boca de Playa . Boca is a Spanish word meaning mouth. The word is often applied to the mouth of a river, estuary, valley, or port, and is found attached to the names of three California land grants (Gudde 1998:40). In this instance, Boca de Playa means “mouth of the beach,” the grant being located on both sides of San Juan Canyon (Meadows 1966:28).

Rancho Boca de Playa was originally a 1.5-square-league grant (Grant No. 502) made in 1846 by Governor Pio Pico to Emigdio Véjar. In 1879, the American Period patent of 6,607.37 ac for this grant was also made to Emigdio Véjar (Shumway 1993:57), indicating that Véjar legally proved that the land was granted to him and ended up keeping the land when it became a part of the United States.

It was during the Mexican Period that American Richard Henry Dana first visited the area that was eventually named after him. During the 1830s through the 1850s, the sale of tallow (soap and candles) and cattle hides (for leather) became a booming business following the decline in the sale of Mission-harvested grain. Tallow and hides were cattle products, the cattle raised on the expansive Mexican Period land grants in California. These products were shipped to the east coast where they were sold, the hides being made into leather goods. In 1835, when Richard Henry Dana was an able seaman aboard the brig Pilgrim , he described tossing the dried hides off the cliffs to the beach below in the cove that now bears his name, Dana Cove (Hoover et al. 1962:30). Tossing the hides to the beach was the most convenient manner by which to transport them, as taking them in a cart along the trail to the beach would have been too time-consuming. After having been tossed to the sandy beach below, they were loaded aboard a small launch in which they were then transported through the breaking surf to the ship, anchored a safe distance offshore.

The 1840s saw increased tension between the United States and Mexico. Finally, in 1846, war was declared between these two countries. By 1847, the United States had established control of California. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 formally ended hostilities.

American Period (1848–Present). Following the end of hostilities between Mexico and the United States, the United States officially obtained California in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848 (Cleland 1962:xiii). In 1850, California was accepted into the Union of the United States, mainly due to the population increase created by the Gold Rush of 1849. In the years immediately following the United States’ acquisition of California, the cattle industry reached its greatest prosperity due to the massive influx of immigrants during the Gold Rush (Cleland 1952:102– 108; Liebeck 1990:2–3). Mexican Period land grants had created large pastoral estates in California, and a high demand for beef during the Gold Rush led to a cattle boom that lasted until 1855. In 1855, however, the demand for California beef began to decline as a result of sheep imports from New Mexico, cattle imports from the Mississippi and Missouri Valleys, and the development of stock breeding farms. When the beef market collapsed, California ranchers were unprepared. Many had borrowed heavily during the boom, mortgaging their land at interest rates as high as 10 percent per month. The collapse of the cattle market meant that many of these ranchos were lost through foreclosure, while others were sold to pay debts and taxes (Cleland 1952:108–114). Nature also conspired to force economic change. During the winter of 1861–1862, a disastrous series of floods occurred in California, followed by two years of drought (Cleland 1952:130–131).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 11 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

City of Dana Point 1 Named after Richard Henry Dana, Dana Point was one of the first coastal communities in the area where Mediterranean-style red tile roofs were a common architectural theme. Anna Walters Walker of Laguna Beach led a number of other real estate investors in forming the San Juan Point Corporation. They conceived the town as an exclusive residential and rest resort, and planned for numerous recreational amenities, including a 1,200 ft long pier and a yacht and country club open to both men and women. Residential streets were laid out and named for variously colored ships’ lanterns (Walker 1988:96). In 1924, the grand opening of Dana Point drew thousands who came to hear the band concert, partake in the barbecue, and pay $1,000 for a 60 x 100 ft lot. The first Dana Point development had a short life. Fewer than three months after the grand opening, and with only a few buildings having been constructed, the development fell into foreclosure due to lackluster sales from the poor highway access and limited water supply.

By 1927, the Dana Point development was reopened by Sidney H. Woodruff, successful founder of Hollywoodland (aka Hollywood) and builder of the original Hollywood sign, who acquired 1,400 ac of the settlement. Promoting Dana Point as “the only romantic spot on the coast,” Woodruff developed plans for a 200-room hotel to be called the Dana Point Inn, with polo fields, two golf courses, tennis courts, riding trails, and swimming pools. The town would surround and complement the inn. The natural harbor was to include pedestrian walkways, yacht moorings, and horse trails. Woodruff hired architect Charles A. Hunter of Laguna Beach to design the inn and initial residences. Spanish or Mediterranean Revival-style architecture dominated, although examples of other revival styles were included in the early development. Anna Walters Walker’s street names were retained by Woodruff. The foundation of the hotel was built and several houses completed when the Stock Market Crash of 1929 bankrupted the project, stopping all development. Construction of the hotel and bar was never completed, and most of the homes were not built until decades later (Walker 1988:95- 98).

At the beginning of the 19 th century, Dana Point was the only major mainland port between Santa Barbara and San Diego. Supplanted by later-developed ports, it remained a small coastal village into the 1970s.

Community leaders sought incorporation five times in order to maintain local control, but each time the County of Orange vetoed the plan. In 1989, once the area had been essentially built out, incorporation was allowed. Parts of several well-established communities, including Laguna Niguel, Monarch Beach, Monarch Bay, and Capistrano Beach, became part of the City of Dana Point.

1 Background for this section was taken from Strudwick (2012).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 12 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

METHODS

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH On December 17, 2013, an archaeological and historical resource record search was completed at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC), located at California State University, Fullerton. It included a review of all recorded historic and prehistoric archaeological sites within 0.5 mi of the project area, as well as a review of known cultural resource survey and excavation reports. In addition, the California State Historic Resources Inventory (HRI), the National Register of Historic Places (National Register), the California Register of Historical Resources (California Register), California Historical Landmarks (SHL), and the California Points of Historical Interest (SPHI), were reviewed.

FIELD SURVEY The cultural resource survey of the entire project area was conducted by LSA archaeologists Deborah McLean and Ivan Strudwick on December 27, 2013. The survey was conducted by walking parallel linear transects separated by 7 to 10 meters beginning in the northeast corner of the parcel. The central portion of the project area was surveyed in an east–west direction, while the east and west portions of the project area were surveyed in a north–south direction. The entire project area was surveyed.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 13 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

REPORT OF FINDINGS

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH Results of the record and literature search indicated that the project area has not been previously surveyed in its entirety and that no cultural resource sites have been recorded within the project area. The record search indicates that the eastern half (Demcak and Van Wormer 1987) and southern edge (Sinopoloi 2002) of the project area have been surveyed, and that the southern edge may have also been within an area where cultural resource monitoring occurred (Solis and Orsi 2009), although the majority of the approximately 9 ac project area has not been surveyed. The entire project area is on land covered within the City of Dana Point’s General Plan (Drover n.d.).

Directly adjacent to the project area, an additional 8 cultural resource studies have been conducted, including 6 surveys (Desautels 1976; Demcak 1991a, 1991b, 2009; Maxon 1995; Lichtenstein et al. 2009), 1 monitoring project (Arrington and Sikes 2006), and 1 archival and literature review (Price and Price 2007). An additional 22 cultural resource studies have been conducted outside, but within 0.5 mi, of the current project area. These additional studies include 17 surveys, 3 archival and literature reviews, 1 historic evaluation, and 1 notification of no adverse effects. These 22 studies are identified in the results of the record search appended to this report (Appendix A).

Previous studies recorded five cultural resources within 0.5 mi to the east of the current project area. These sites include two prehistoric sites and three historic sites. Site P-30-000021 (CA-ORA-21) was originally recorded (Romero 1949) as a burial ground located in Doheny Park. Site P-30-000188 (CA-ORA-188) was recorded (Bakker et al. 1966) as a “large, deep shell midden” containing artifacts such as ground stone, flaked stone tools, a ceremonial knife, a discoidal, and a plummet stone that may reflect an extensive habitation or village site. A notable characteristic of site CA-ORA-188 was that it contained little shell or lithic flaking debris. Site P-30-001337 (CA-ORA-1337H) was recorded (Van Wormer 1985; updated by Shinn 1993 and Maxon 1998) as the concrete foundations and piers of the Serra Railroad Depot located alongside the former Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad tracks. Site P-30-176663 is the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad (formerly the Athchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad) constructed from 1885–1889 (Ballester and Tang 2002). Site P-30- 176664 is the Metrolink Railroad (formerly the California Southern Railroad, a segment of the Southern Pacific Railway Company) originally constructed from 1882–1883 (Tang and Smallwood 2002).

The directory of properties in the Office of Historic Preservation’s Historic Property Data File lists four properties within 1 mi of the current project. The earliest of these is the Metrolink Railroad (P- 30-176664) dating to 1882, which was determined ineligible for listing on the National Register. The other three properties, all constructed in 1928, are located nearly 1 mi to the west. Two of these properties were determined to contribute to the eligibility of a district with local significance. The third property, the Ken Sampson Overview (State Historic Landmark 189), is an individual property with local significance.

The first building in the vicinity appears on a 1938 aerial photograph within what is now the commercial center, the small area along the north side of PCH surrounded by the current project area.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 14 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

The historic San Juan Capistrano 15-minute USGS (1942) map shows two buildings along the north side of PCH, one of which is the building on the 1938 aerial photograph. Although map scale is small, it is likely that the second building is also outside and adjacent to the project area, within what is now the commercial center. Online maps and aerial photographs substantiate this.

The first development in the current project area to appear on a historic (1946) aerial consists of several small buildings in the southeastern corner. These buildings may have been temporary, as they are absent from a 1952 aerial photo. No further development within the project area occurred until the asphalt roads of the mobile home park are depicted on a 1970 map and in aerial photographs taken after 1980. The mobile home park is the only other development to have occurred within the project area.

Online historic aerials also show that the northern and eastern portions of the project area were within the natural drainage of San Juan Creek. The entire project area is within the flood plain. However, only the northern and eastern areas are shown in aerial photographs to exhibit erosional cuts. Channelization of San Juan Creek sometime prior to 1980 eliminated the expansive erosion of this drainage.

FIELD SURVEY No cultural resources were identified during the field survey. The project area is level, except for an entrance road off of Del Obispo Street near the northwest corner of the property, and exhibits the remnants of the mobile home park that was previously located on the land. A paved road runs around the property. Asphalt and concrete driveways remain in some areas, marking individual driveways. Many electrical and natural gas utility boxes remain on the property. Several mature trees and shrubs also exist. The area is covered with a low growth of grass and weeds. Many of the driveways, as well as rock and brickwork for the mobile homes have been cleared into piles.

Two homeless “shelters” exist in the project area. Both are constructed of pieces of cardboard, wood, palm fronds, and other vegetation, each intended to protect one or two individuals from the elements. One shelter is located approximately midway along the block wall that forms the north boundary of the property. The second shelter is located against the wall in the northeast corner of the property. Both shelters are somewhat concealed under existing vegetation and contain a variety of discarded trash, as well as some useful items such as empty plastic water containers. Both shelters appear to have been occupied for some time and were occupied during the survey.

Project area sediment varies from sand and silt loam in the western part of the property to a clay loam in the eastern portion of the property. It is difficult to understand what is intact and what has been introduced by blading simply by looking at the ground surface; however, it appears that the entire area was bladed level prior to the mobile homes being placed on the property. Historic aerial photographs indicate that the area was inundated by San Juan Creek, which had carved erosional cuts, so bulldozing of the property occurred both before and after the mobile homes existed here.

The level western edge of the property abuts Del Obispo Street, which rises in elevation to the north. Since the western edge of the previous mobile home park is lower than Del Obispo Street in the northwest corner of the property, it appears that the property was bladed to create a level area on which to place the mobile homes. In this northwestern corner of the project area, the ground is now

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 15 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

covered with gravel, indicating that was used as a staging area for road construction material after removal of the mobile homes that existed here until 2007 .

Ground visibility in the northwest corner of the property is zero, due to the remaining gravel. Where vegetation exists, ground visibility is approximately 80 to 100 percent. Paved areas have no ground visibility. The paved road running the circumference of the property covers less than 10 percent of the surface area, therefore, overall ground visibility is excellent.

Six pieces of marine shell were observed during the survey. Five were found on the eastern side of the property, and one was found on the western side of the property. Three pieces, two fragments of common littleneck clam ( Protothaca staminea ) and one small fragment of Pismo clam ( Tivela stultorum ), were found approximately 200 ft south of the northeastern corner of the property, while two additional pieces of common littleneck clam, two valves comprising a nearly complete clam, were found near the southeastern edge of the property. The complete littleneck clam appeared to have been brought to the area recently. One complete venus clam ( Chione spp.) valve was also found in the southern portion of the western edge of the property. The shell appears to have been the result of collecting by local mobile home park residents. It is likely that the shell was placed in a resident’s yard and may have been scattered when the residences were razed. The two littleneck clam valves comprising a nearly complete clam are the most recent and are probably less than 10 years old. The area in which the shell was found was intensively surveyed for additional shell or other cultural material, but nothing was observed.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 16 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

RECOMMENDATIONS

A record search and survey of the approximately 9 ac 34202 Del Obispo Street project area in Dana Point resulted in no cultural resources being identified. The property is located in the alluvial floodplain of San Juan Creek and was completely bulldozed both before and after its use as a mobile home park. As such, it is unlikely that the property contains cultural resources. Therefore, LSA recommends that no further cultural resource management (e.g., monitoring) of the project area is necessary.

As specified by Mitigation Measure 4.4.1 in Section 4.4., Cultural and Paleontological Resources, of the Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR), the City shall retain an Orange County certified archaeologist to assess the nature and significance of the discovery in the event that cultural resources are encountered during construction. If cultural resources are encountered, work in the vicinity of the find should be halted until the cultural resources assessment is completed.

As specified in Mitigation Measure 4.4.3 in Section 4.4., Cultural and Paleontological Resources, of the Draft EIR, if human remains are encountered during construction activities, State Health and Safety Code Section 7050.5 states that no further disturbance shall occur until the County Coroner has made a determination of origin and disposition pursuant to PRC Section 5097.98. The County Coroner must be notified of the find immediately. If the remains are determined to be Native American, the County Coroner will notify the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), which will determine and notify a Most Likely Descendant (MLD). With the permission of the landowner or his/her authorized representative, the MLD may inspect the site of the discovery. The MLD shall complete the inspection within 48 hours of notification by the NAHC. The MLD may recommend scientific removal and nondestructive analysis of human remains and items associated with Native American burials.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 17 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

REFERENCES

Arrington, Cindy, and Nancy Sikes 2006 Cultural Resources Final Report of Monitoring and Findings for the Qwest Network Construction Project, State of California: Volumes I and II. SWCA Environmental Consultants, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR3373).

Bakker, Duane H. Hafner, and Aileen McKinney 1966 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Record Form for P-30- 000188 (CA-ORA-188). On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Ballester, Daniel, and Bai Tang 2002 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Record Form for P-30- 176663. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1966 History of California, Volume II. In The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume XIX . Originally published in 1886 by The History Company Publishers, San Francisco. Facsimile reprint by Wallace Hebberd, Santa Barbara, California.

Bean, Lowell John, and Charles R. Smith 1978 Gabrielino. In R. Heizer ed., Handbook of North American Indians , Vol. 8, California , pp. 538–549. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Bean, Lowell John, and Florence C. Shipek 1978 Luiseño. In R. Heizer ed., Handbook of North American Indians , Vol. 8, California , pp. 550–563. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

Boscana, Gerónimo 1978 Chinigchinich: A Revised and Annotated Version of Alfred Robinson’s Translation of Father Geronimo Boscana’s Historical Account of the Beliefs, Usages, Customs and Extravagancies of the Indians of this Mission San Juan Capistrano Called the Acagchemen Tribe (1846). Edited by P. T. Hanna. Reprinted Annotations by John P. Harrington. Foreword by Frederick Webb Hodge. Illustrations by Jean Goodwin. Malki Museum Press, Banning California. Originally published 1933, originally written by Father Boscana in the 1820s, and translated and first published by Alfred Robinson in 1846. Fine Arts Press, Santa Ana, California.

California Geologic Survey 2002 California Geomorphic Provinces . California Department of Conservation. Note 36.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 18 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Cleland, Robert Glass 1952 The Cattle on a Thousand Hills, Southern California, 1850–1880. Second Edition. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

1962 Introduction. In Historic Spots in California , by M.B. Hoover, H.E. Rensch, and E.G. Rensch, pp. xi–xiv. Fourth printing revised by R. Teiser. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, California.

Clevenger, Joyce M. 1986 Archaeological Investigations at CA-ORA-287: A Multicomponent Site on Newport Bay. Westec Services. Ms. on file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Cowan, Robert G. 1993 Preface – California Land Grants. In B. Shumway, California Ranchos: Patented Private Land Grants Listed by County , pp. 7–9. Edited by M. and M. Burgess. Stokvis Studies in Historical Chronology and Thought 11. San Bernardino, California: The Borgo Press, and Glendale, California: The Sidewinder Press.

Crownover, C. Scott, Beth Padon, and E. Jane Rosenthal 1990 Archaeological Investigations at CA-ORA-121, Orange County, California. LSA Associates, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Demcak, Carol R. 1981 Fused Shale As Time Marker in Southern California: Review and Hypothesis. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Department of Anthropology, California State University, Long Beach.

1991a City Boundaries of the ARI Survey in 1975. Archaeological Resource Management Corp. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR1178).

1991b Cultural Resources Assessment for the Serra Reclaimed Water Project Facilities, South Orange County, California. Archaeological Resource Management Corp. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR1172).

2001 Report of Records Search for Tract 14505, Dana Point. Archaeological Resource Management Corp. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR2878).

2009 Report of Cultural Resources Assessment for Two Proposed MNWD Pipelines, Component A (Mission Viejo) and Component B (Dana Point), South Orange County, California. Archaeological Resource Management Corp. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR3826).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 19 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Demcak, Carol R., and Stephen Van Wormer 1987 Archaeological Investigations at CA-ORA-27A, CA-ORA-882, CA-ORA-1042, and CA- ORA-870: Chiquita Canyon Water Reclamation Plant Project, South Orange County, California. Appendix A: Historic Resources Survey for the Chiquita Land Outfall Pipeline. Archaeological Resource Management Corp. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR1204).

Desautels, Roger J. 1976 Archaeological Survey Report on Parcel 2 of a portion of the Rancho PG’s 118 & 119 of Papents Records of Los Angeles County, in the Unincorporated Territory of the County of Orange, California. Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR76).

Drover, Christopher E. n.d. City of San Juan Capistrano, General Plan Program, Historic/Archaeological Element. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR536).

Drover, Christopher E., Henry C. Koerper, and Paul E. Langenwalter III 1983 Early Holocene Adaptation on the Southern California Coast: A Summary Report of Investigations at the Irvine Site (CA-ORA-64), Newport Bay, Orange County, California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 19(3&4):1–84.

Engelhardt, Zephyrin 1998 San Luis Rey, the King of the Missions . Originally published 1921, James H. Barry Company, San Francisco. Facsimile reproduction. McNally and Loftin, Santa Barbara.

Erlandson, Jon M. 1994 Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast . Plenum Press, New York.

Font, Pedro 1913 The Anza Expedition of 1775–1776, Diary of Pedro Font. Edited by Frederick J. Teggart. Academy of Pacific Coast History. University of California, Berkeley.

Gifford, Eugene W. 1936 Californian Balanophagy. Essays in Anthropology Presented to A. L. Kroeber , pp. 87–98. Reprinted in 1971. The California Indians, A Source Book, edited by R. Heizer and M. Whipple, pp. 301–305. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

Gudde, Erwin G. 1998 California Place Names, the Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names . Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged by W. Bright. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Hall, Matt C. 1988 For the Record: Notes and Comments on “Obsidian Exchange in Prehistoric Orange County.” Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 24(4):34–48.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 20 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Harrington, John P. 1934 A New Original Version of Boscana’s Historical Account of the San Juan Capistrano Indians of Southwest California. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 92(4):1–62. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Hoover, Mildred Brooke, Hero Eugene Rensch, and Ethel Grace Rensch 1962 Historic Spots in California . Fourth Edition, revised by R. Teiser. Stanford University Press.

Hudson, D. Travis 1971 Proto-Gabrielino Patterns of Territorial Organization in Southern Coastal California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 7(2):449-476.

Jaeger, Edmund C., and Arthur C. Smith 1966 Introduction to the Natural History of Southern California . University of California Press, Berkeley.

Kennedy, Michael P., and Siang S. Tan 2005 Geologic Map of the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California . Digital Preparation by K.R. Bovard, R.M. Alvarez, and M.J. Watson. Prepared by the California Geologic Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Areal Mapping Project. Regional Geologic Map Series, Map #2.

Koerper, Henry C. 1981 Prehistoric Subsistence and Settlement in the Newport Bay Area and Environs, Orange County, California . Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside.

Koerper, Henry C., and Christopher E. Drover 1983 Chronology Building for Coastal Orange County: The Case from CA-ORA-119-A. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 19(2):1–34.

Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California . Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution (Reprinted in 1976, by Dover Publications, New York).

Lichtenstein, Robert J., Barry A. Price, and David H. Price 2009 Cultural Resource Inventory and Site Assessment for the Proposed San Juan Capistrano Non-Domestic/Recycled Water Master Plan Upgrade, Orange County, California. Applied Earthworks, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR3765).

Liebeck, Judy 1990 Irvine: A History of Innovation and Growth . Pioneer Publications, Houston.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 21 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Lowman, Hubert A. 1993 The Old Spanish Missions of California . Edited by Martha H. Lowman. Lawson Mardon Group Publishers.

Mason, Roger D., Nancy A. Whitney-Desautels, and Mark L. Peterson 1987 Test Plan for National Register Evaluation of Archaeological Sites on the Coyote Canyon Sanitary Landfill Property, Orange County, California. Scientific Resource Surveys (SRS). Copies Available from Orange County Integrated Waste Management Department.

Maxon, Patrick O. 1993 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Update Form for P-30- 001337 (CA-ORA-1337H). On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

1995 Archaeological Survey and Impact Assessment of the Proposed Upgrade to the Capistrano Beach Water District Waste Water Treatment Facility. RMW Paleo Associates, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR1434).

McCawley, William 1996 The First Angelinos: The Gabrielino Indians of Los Angeles . Malki Museum Press and Ballena Press, Banning and Novato.

Meadows, Don 1966 Historic Place Names in Orange County . Balboa Island, California: Paisano Press, Inc.

Merriam, C. Hart 1968 Village Names in Twelve California Mission Records . University of California Archaeological Survey Report 74.

Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology . Academic Press, San Diego.

O’Neil, Stephen 1988 Their Mark upon the Land: Native American Place Names in Orange County and Adjacent Areas. In The Natural and Social Sciences of Orange County , edited by H. Koerper, pp. 106–122. Natural History Foundation of Orange County.

Oxendine, Joan 1983 The Luiseño Village During the Late Prehistoric Era. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Riverside.

Price, Barry A., and David H. Price 2007 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Proposed Non-Domestic/Recycled Water Master Plan Update, City of San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. Applied Earthworks, Inc. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR3390).

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 22 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Robinson, W.W. 1979 Land in California . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Romero 1949 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Record Form for P-30- 000021 (CA-ORA-21). On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Rosenthal, E. Jane, and Beth Padon 1986 Archaeological Research Proposal for CA-ORA-123 and ORA-221/222. Ms. on file, LSA Associates, Inc. Library and Caltrans District 7.

Sharp, Robert P. 1976 Geology: Field Guide to Southern California. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Second Edition.

Shinn, Juanita R. 1993 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Update Form for P-30- 001337 (CA-ORA-1337H). On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Shumway, Burgess McK. 1993 California Ranchos: Patented Private Land Grants Listed by County . M. and M. Burgess, eds. Stokvis Studies in Historical Chronology and Thought 11. San Bernardino, California: The Borgo Press and Glendale, California: The Sidewinder Press.

Sinopoli, Cheryl 2002 Historical Resources Compliance Report for the Relinquishment of a Segment of State Route 1 (PCH) to the City of Dana Point from the Northern City Limits to San Juan Creek, in the City of Dana Point, Orange County, California. California Department of Transportation, District 12. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR2872).

Sleeper, Jim 1988 Rancho Santa Margarita. In A Hundred Years of Yesterdays , edited by E. Cramer, K. Dixon, D. Marsh, P. Brigandi, and C. Blamer, pp. 159–163. Orange County Register, Santa Ana, California.

Solis, Laurie, and Nate Orsi 2009 Archaeological Monitoring of Doheny State Beach. URS Corporation. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton (Access. No. OR3832).

Sparkman, Philip S. 1908 The Culture of the Luiseño Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187–234.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 23 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Strudwick, Ivan H. 2012 Cultural Resource Assessment, South Shores Church, City of Dana Point, Orange County, California. LSA Associates, Inc. Ms. on file, LSA Associates, Inc., 20 Executive Park, Suite 200, Irvine, California 92614.

Strudwick, Ivan H., William McCawley, Bradley L. Sturm, and Steven Conkling 1996 Results of Archaeological Testing in the Northeast Portion of CA-ORA-196/H for the Michelson Drive Bridge Widening, San Diego Creek, California. LSA Associates, Inc. Ms. on file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Tan, Siang S. 1999 Geologic Map of the Dana Point 7.5’ Quadrangle, Orange County, California: A Digital Database Version 1.0 . Digital Database by G.W. Patt and K.R. Ruppert. Prepared by the California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology in Cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, Southern California Areal Mapping Project.

Tang, Bai, and Josh Smallwood 2002 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Record Form for P-30- 176664. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1942 San Juan Capistrano, California 15–minute quadrangle map. Grid Zone G. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, 80225.

1968 Dana Point, California 7.5-minute quadrangle map. Photorevised in 1975. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, 80225.

Van Wormer, Stephen R. 1985 State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Site Record Form for P-30- 001337 (CA-ORA-1337H). On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton.

Walker, Doris 1988 Dana Point and Capistrano Beach. In A Hundred Years of Yesterdays – A Centennial History of the People of Orange County and Their Communities , edited by E. Cramer, K. Dixon, D. Marsh, P. Brigandi, and C. Blamer, pp. 95-98. Orange County Centennial, Inc.

Wallace, William J. 1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11(3). Reprinted in The California Indians: A Source Book , edited by R. Heizer and M. Whipple, pp. 186–201. University of California Press, Berkeley. Second Edition, 1971.

1978 Post Pleistocene Archaeology 9000–2000 B.C. In California , edited by R. Heizer, pp. 25– 36. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8, W. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 24 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY J U L Y 2 2014 0 1 4 34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT

Warren, Claude N. 1968 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast . Eastern New Mexico University Contributions in Anthropology 1(3):1–4.

White, Raymond C. 1963 Luiseño Social Organization. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 48(2):91–194.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 25 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. CULTURAL RESOURCE ASASSESSMENTSESSMENT SURVEY JJULY U L YJU Y 2 0 1 420 4 33420234 4 2 0 2 DEL OBISPO SSTREET T R E E T CITY OF DANA POINT

APPENDIX A

RECORD SEARCH RESULTS LETTER

(CONFIDENTIAL-ATTACHMENT ON FILE AT THE CITY)

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Cultural\Final Cultural Report (Clean).docx «07/23/14»

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA

July 2014

PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

34202 DEL OBISPO STREET CITY OF DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for:

City of Dana Point 33282 Golden Lantern, Suite 209 Dana Point, California 92629

Prepared by:

Sarah Rieboldt, Ph.D. and Brooks Smith LSA Associates, Inc. 20 Executive Park, Suite 200 Irvine, California 92614

LSA Project No. DPC1301

Database Information: Type of Study: Locality Search and Survey Localities Recorded: None USGS 7.5 ′ Quadrangle: Dana Point, California Acreage: ~9 acres Key Words: Holocene-Late Pleistocene Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits, Late- Middle Pleistocene Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits, Capistrano Formation, Paleontologically Sensitive Sediments

July 2014 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

ABSTRACT

LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) conducted a paleontological resources assessment for the 34202 Del Obispo Street Project (project), located in the City of Dana Point (City), in Orange County, California. The proposed project consists of the development of a residential community of 168 condominium units, approximately 2,471 square feet (sf) of commercial space, and a small amount of parkland, all of which are within the approximately 9-acre (ac) project site. This assessment included a review of geologic maps and paleontological literature, a locality search at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), and a field survey. It was conducted pursuant to all applicable State and City regulations regarding paleontological resources, as well as guidelines established by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP).

It should be noted that the term “project area” is used to refer to the approximately 9 ac project site throughout this report rather than term “project site” in order to avoid confusion with the term “site” when referring to locations identified as potentially containing paleontological resources.

The project area is situated on surficial sediments of Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago) Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits. Because the project area has been used as a mobile home park, some portions of the project area also contain Artificial Fill, although these deposits are not mapped. In addition, Late to Middle Pleistocene (11,700–781,000 years ago) Old Alluvial Valley Deposits and the Early Pliocene to Late Miocene (3.6–11.62 million years ago) Capistrano Formation may be encountered in the subsurface of the project area as shallowly as 15 feet (ft) beneath the surface.

No paleontological resources were observed during the field survey conducted in December 2013, and the locality search conducted at the LACM for LSA in December 2013 indicated that there are no known paleontological resources within an approximate 1-mile radius around the project area. However, significant paleontological resources have been recovered approximately 2 miles south of the project area and elsewhere in Southern California from deposits similar to the older sediments of the Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits. As such, this geologic unit is assigned a Low paleontological sensitivity rating to a depth of 15 ft and a High sensitivity rating below that mark. The Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits and the Capistrano Formation also have yielded significant fossils in Orange County and elsewhere in Southern California. Therefore, these geologic units have High paleontological sensitivity. Artificial Fill does not have the potential to contain significant paleontological resources and, therefore, has No paleontological sensitivity.

LSA believes there is the potential to encounter paleontological resources during ground-disturbing activities in the project area if excavation extends below a depth of 15 ft. In order to mitigate potential adverse impacts to significant, nonrenewable paleontological resources, as required by the California Environmental Quality Act Appendix G, Public Resources Code Section 5097.5, and the General Plan and Municipal Code of the City, LSA recommends the following mitigation measure:

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» i LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

PALEO-1 If excavation activities are anticipated to extend deeper than 15 feet (ft) below the surface, the Applicant shall retain a qualified paleontologist, subject to the review and approval of the City of Dana Point (City) Community Development Director, or designee, to prepare a Paleontological Resources Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP) for the proposed project. The PRIMP should be consistent with the guidelines of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) and include, but not be limited to, the following:

1. The paleontologist, or his/her representative, shall attend a preconstruction meeting. 2. Excavation and grading activities in sediments with a High paleontological sensitivity rating (Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits below a depth of 15 ft, Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits, and the Capistrano Formation) shall be monitored by a qualified paleontological monitor on a full-time basis. 3. In the event that paleontological resources are encountered when a paleontological monitor is not present, work in the immediate area of the find shall be redirected and the paleontologist should be contacted to assess the find for scientific significance. If any fossil remains are discovered in sediments with a Low paleontological sensitivity rating (Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits to a depth of 15 ft beneath the surface), the paleontologist shall make recommendations as to whether monitoring shall be required in these sediments on a full-time basis beginning at a shallower depth. 4. Collected resources shall be prepared to the point of identification and permanent preservation. This includes washing and picking of mass samples to recover small vertebrate and invertebrate fossils and the removal of surplus sediment around larger specimens to reduce both the storage volume for the repository and the storage cost for the developer. 5. Any collected resources shall be cataloged and curated into the permanent collections of an accredited scientific institution. 6. At the conclusion of the monitoring program, a report of findings with an appended inventory of specimens shall be prepared. When submitted to the City, the report and inventory would signify completion of the program to mitigate impacts to paleontological resources.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ...... i INTRODUCTION ...... 1 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 REGULATORY SETTING ...... 3 STATE REGULATIONS ...... 3 CITY REGULATIONS ...... 3 SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE AND SENSITIVITY ...... 5 SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE ...... 5 Summary of Scientific Significance ...... 6 SENSITIVITY...... 7 Summary of Sensitivity ...... 8 METHODS ...... 9 LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 9 LOCALITY SEARCH ...... 9 FIELD SURVEY ...... 9 PROJECT PERSONNEL ...... 10 Sarah Rieboldt, Ph.D., Paleontologist ...... 10 Brooks R. Smith, Associate ...... 10 Ivan Strudwick, Associate ...... 10 RESULTS ...... 11 LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 11 Geology ...... 11 Paleontology ...... 14 LOCALITY SEARCH ...... 15 FIELD SURVEY ...... 15 SUMMARY ...... 16 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 17 REFERENCES ...... 19

APPENDIX

A: LOCALITY SEARCH RESULTS FROM THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» iii

FIGURES AND TABLES

FIGURES

Figure 1: Project Vicinity and Location Map ...... 2 Figure 2: Geologic Map...... 12

TABLE

Table A: Geologic Units Within the Project Area at the Surface and Potentially in the Subsurface ...... 13

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» iv LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

INTRODUCTION

LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) was retained by the City of Dana Point (City) to prepare a paleontological resources assessment for the 34202 Del Obispo Street Project (project). This assessment was conducted pursuant to all applicable State and City regulations regarding paleontological resources, as well as guidelines established by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP, 1995, 2010). According to these regulations and guidelines, if development of a project impacts significant, nonrenewable paleontological resources, a plan must be developed to mitigate those impacts. This assessment documents the potential for encountering paleontological resources during development of this project and makes recommendations on how to mitigate impacts to those resources.

PROJECT LOCATION The proposed project covers an approximately 9-acre (ac) U-shaped parcel of land located near the northeast corner of the intersection of Del Obispo Street and the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) within the City of Dana Point, in Orange County, California. The project area is depicted on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Dana Point, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle (USGS, 1968, photorevised 1975) in the Boca de la Playa Land Grant (Figure 1).

PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed mixed-use project involves the development of a residential community that would consist of 168 condominium units in 34 separate buildings, approximately 2,471 square feet (sf) of commercial space, and approximately 0.5 ac dedicated to park use. The project will include clearing and grading to prepare the project area, construction of new roads within the area, and installation of on-site storm drains, new water service, new sewer lines, new electric service, new natural gas lines, and new telecommunications infrastructure systems to serve the proposed residential and commercial uses.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 1 Project Location

405 133 Project Vicinity 241 55 73 Orange County

74

1

5 San Diego Project Location County

LEGEND FIGURE 1 Project Location

0 1000 2000 34202 Del Obispo Street Project FEET Project Location SOURCE: USGS 7.5' QUAD - Dana Point, CA ('75) I:\DPC1301\GIS\ProjectLocation.mxd (12/30/2013) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

REGULATORY SETTING

STATE REGULATIONS Under State law, paleontological resources are protected by the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and Public Resources Code (PRC) Section 5097.5.

The purpose of CEQA is to provide a statewide policy of environmental protection. As part of this protection, State and local agencies are required to analyze, disclose, and, when feasible, mitigate the environmental impacts of, or find alternatives to, proposed projects. The State CEQA Guidelines (California Code of Regulations [CCR] 15000 et seq.) provide regulations for the implementation of CEQA and include more specific direction on the process of documenting, analyzing, disclosing, and mitigating the environmental impacts of a project. To assist in this process, Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines provides a sample checklist form that may be used to identify and explain the degree of impact a project will have on a variety of environmental aspects, including paleontological resources (Section V[c]). As stated in Section 15002(b)(1-3) of the State CEQA Guidelines , CEQA applies to governmental action, including activities that are undertaken by, financed by, or require approval from a governmental agency. Because this project is undertaken by a governmental agency, CEQA regulations apply.

The California PRC Section 5097.5 protects historic, archaeological, and paleontological resources on public lands within California and establishes criminal and civil penalties for violations. Specifically, this law states:

“(a) No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, injure or deface any historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site, including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological, paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands, except with the express permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor. (b) As used in this section, “public lands” means lands owned by, or under the jurisdiction of, the state, or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof.”

Consequently, the City is required to comply with PRC Section 5097.5.

CITY REGULATIONS The Conservation and Open Space Element of the City’s General Plan (City of Dana Point, 1997) addresses the preservation and use of the City’s important natural resources and open space areas. Included in this element are the following goal and policies that provide for the protection and preservation of paleontological resources:

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 3 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

“Goal 8: Encourage the preservation of significant historical or culturally significant buildings, sites, or features within the community.

Policy 8.1: Require reasonable mitigation measures where development may affect historical, archaeological, or paleontological resources.

Policy 8.2: Retain and protect resources of significant historical, archaeological, or paleontological value for education, visitor-serving, and scientific purposes.”

In addition, the conservation measures outlined in this Element require that a survey be conducted on lands identified as potentially paleontologically sensitive and that mitigation measures be developed and implemented in order to mitigate any significant impacts to paleontological resources.

Two sections of the City’s Municipal Code also address paleontological resources and apply to this project. Section 9.05.160 states, “For those projects where the City’s environmental review process indicates the potential for significant impacts to cultural and natural resources (such as archaeological, paleontological, or historical resources and biological resources), site-specific studies shall be performed to identify the significance of such resources, and identified mitigation measures designed to reduce those impacts will be incorporated into project design.” (Added by Ordinance 93-16, November 23, 1993)

Because this project is within the Coastal Zone, it must also comply with Section 9.69.050, which requires that a project within the Coastal Zone obtain a Coastal Development Permit. This Section also describes the permitting process, as well as the information required on permit applications. According to Subsection (b)(7) of this Section, permit applications must include, “plans to mitigate adverse impacts, plans to monitor the mitigation, and an alternatives analysis shall be required where applicable.” In addition, “For sites adjacent to, containing or potentially containing cultural resources, an archaeological and/or paleontological survey prepared by a licensed archaeologist/paleontologist shall be required” [Subsection(b)(7)(B)]. (Added by Ordinance 93-16, November 23, 1993; Amended by Ordinance 97-05, November 9, 1997)

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 4 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE AND SENSITIVITY

Paleontological resources, or fossils, are the remains (such as bones, teeth, shells, leaves, or wood) and/or traces (such as tracks or burrows) of prehistoric animal and plant life. Fossils provide evidence of ancient organisms and can document the patterns of organic evolution and extinction. According to the SVP (2010), paleontological resources differ from archaeological resources in that archaeological resources are human remains and items, artifacts, and ecofacts associated with human cultures. If paleontological resources are determined to be in close stratigraphic association with human remains or humanmade items, or if fossils can be demonstrated to be intentionally modified by humans, they are also considered archaeological resources and will be treated as such. This will generally not be an issue except on very old sites that span the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary, approximately 11,700 years ago.

SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The SVP provides the following definitions of scientific significance.

• Significant Paleontological Resources are fossils and fossiliferous deposits, here defined as consisting of identifiable vertebrate fossils, large or small; uncommon invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils; and other data that provide taphonomic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, paleoecologic, stratigraphic, and/or biochronologic information. Paleontological resources are considered to be older than recorded human history and/or older than middle Holocene (i.e., older than approximately 5,000 radiocarbon years) (SVP, 2010). • A Significant Fossiliferous Deposit is a rock unit or formation that contains scientifically significant, nonrenewable paleontological resources, here defined as comprising one or more identifiable vertebrate fossils, large or small; and any associated invertebrate and plant fossils, traces, and other data that provide taphonomic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, ecologic, and stratigraphic information (ichnites and trace fossils generated by vertebrate animals; e.g., trackways or nests and middens, which provide datable material and climatic information). Paleontological resources are considered to be older than recorded history and/or older than 5,000 years ago (SVP, 1995).

Generally, significant paleontological resources are identified sites or geological deposits containing individual fossils or assemblages of fossils that are unique or unusual, diagnostically or stratigraphically important, and add to the existing body of knowledge in specific areas, stratigraphically, taxonomically, or regionally (SVP, 1995). Particularly important are fossils found in situ (undisturbed) in primary context (e.g., fossils that have not been subjected to disturbance subsequent to their burial and fossilization). As such, they aid in stratigraphic correlation, as well as the interpretation of tectonic events, geomorphologic evolution, paleoecology, paleoclimatology, the relationships between aquatic and terrestrial species, and evolution in general.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 5 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

Discovery of in situ fossil-bearing deposits is rare for many species, especially vertebrates. Terrestrial vertebrate fossils often are assigned greater scientific significance than other fossils because they are rarer than other types of fossils. Vertebrate fossils are less common primarily because the best conditions for fossil preservation include little or no disturbance after death and quick burial in oxygen-depleted, fine-grained sediments. While these conditions often exist in marine settings, they are relatively rare in terrestrial settings.

Eisentraut and Cooper (2002) developed a useful analysis for judging whether fossils are significant by applying the criteria within the following categories:

• Taxonomy: Assemblages that contain rare or unknown taxa, such as defining new (previously unknown to science) species or that represent a species that is the first or has very limited occurrence within the area or formation. • Evolution: Fossils that represent important stages or links in evolutionary relationships or that fill gaps or enhance underrepresented intervals in the stratigraphic record. • Biostratigraphy: Fossils that are important for determining or confining relative geologic (stratigraphic) ages or for use in defining regional to interregional stratigraphic associations. These fossils are often known as biostratigraphic markers and represent plants or animals that existed for only a short and restricted period in the geologic past. • Paleoecology: Fossils that are important for reconstructing ancient organism community structure and interpretation of ancient sedimentary environments. Depending on which fossils are found, much can be learned about the ancient environment from water depth, temperature, and salinity to what the substrate was like (muddy, sandy, or rocky) to even whether the area was in a high energy location like a beach or low-energy location like a bay. Even terrestrial animals can contain information about the ancient environment. For example, an abundance of grazing animals such as horses, bison, and mammoths suggest more of a grassland environment, while an abundance of browsing animals such as deer, mastodons, and camels suggest more of a brushy environment. Preserved parts of plants can also lend insight into what was growing in the area at a particular time. In addition, by studying the ratios of different species to each other’s population densities, relationships between predator and prey can be determined. There is a complex but vital interrelationship among evolution, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology: biostratigraphy (the record of fossil succession and progression) is the expression of evolution (change in populations of organisms through time), which in turn is driven by natural selection pressures exerted by changing environments (paleoecology). • Taphonomy: Fossils that are exceptionally well or unusually/uniquely preserved or are relatively rare in the fossil record. This could include preservation of soft tissues such as hair, skin, or feathers from animals or the leaves/stems of plants that are not commonly fossilized.

Summary of Scientific Significance All vertebrate fossils that are in stratigraphic context are significant and are considered a significant nonrenewable paleontological resource. Invertebrate and plant fossils, as well as other environmental indicators, associated with vertebrate fossils are considered significant. Certain invertebrate and plant

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 6 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

fossils that are regionally rare or uncommon, or help to define stratigraphy, age, or taxonomic relationships, are also considered significant.

SENSITIVITY Paleontological sensitivity refers to the potential to encounter significant paleontological resources in a given geologic unit. Decisions about how to manage paleontological resources must be based on the potential to encounter those resources, as the actual situation cannot be known until excavation for the project is underway. All sedimentary rocks, some volcanic rocks, and some metamorphic rocks have potential to contain significant, nonrenewable paleontological resources. The SVP (2010) has four categories for sensitivity: High, Low, No, and Undetermined. If a geographic area or geological unit has Undetermined Potential for paleontological resources, studies must be undertaken to determine whether that rock unit has a sensitivity of either High or Low. The field survey may extend outside the defined project to areas where rock units are better exposed. The categories of paleontological potential are defined below:

• High Potential: Rock units from which vertebrate or significant invertebrate, plant, or trace fossils have been recovered are considered to have a High Potential for containing additional scientifically significant paleontological resources. Rock units classified as having High Potential for producing paleontological resources include, but are not limited to, sedimentary formations and some volcaniclastic formations (e.g., ashes or tephras), some low-grade metamorphic rocks that contain scientifically significant paleontological resources anywhere within their geographical extent, and sedimentary rock units temporally or lithologically suitable for the preservation of fossils (e.g., middle Holocene and older, fine-grained fluvial sandstones, argillaceous and carbonate-rich paleosols, cross-bedded point bar sandstones, and fine-grained marine sandstones). Paleontological potential consists of both (1) the potential for yielding abundant or scientifically significant vertebrate fossils or for yielding a few scientifically significant fossils, large or small, vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, or trace fossils, and (2) the importance of recovered evidence for new and scientifically significant taxonomic, phylogenetic, paleoecologic, taphonomic, biochronologic, or stratigraphic data. Rock units that contain potentially datable organic remains older than late Holocene, including deposits associated with animal nests or middens, and rock units which may contain new vertebrate deposits, traces, or trackways, are also classified as having High Potential. • Low Potential: Reports in the paleontological literature or field surveys by a qualified professional paleontologist may allow determination that some rock units have a Low Potential for yielding significant fossils. Such rock units will be poorly represented by fossil specimens in institutional collections, or based on general scientific consensus, fossils are only preserved in rare circumstances; the presence of fossils is the exception, not the rule (e.g., basalt flows or Recent colluvium). Rock units with Low Potential typically will not require impact mitigation measures to protect fossils. • No Potential: Some rock units have No Potential to contain significant paleontological resources (e.g., high-grade metamorphic rocks [such as gneisses and schists] and plutonic igneous rocks [such as granites and diorites]). Rock units with No Potential require no protection or impact mitigation measures relative to paleontological resources.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 7 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

• Undetermined Potential: Rock units for which little information is available concerning their paleontological content, geologic age, and depositional environment are considered to have Undetermined Potential. Further study is necessary to determine whether these rock units have High, Low, or No Potential to contain significant paleontological resources. A field survey by a qualified professional to specifically determine the paleontological resource Potential of these rock units is required before a Paleontological Resource Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP) can be developed. In cases where no subsurface data are available, paleontological potential can sometimes be determined by strategically located excavations into subsurface stratigraphy.

If an area is determined to have a High Potential for containing paleontological resources, the SVP (2010) recommends that a program to mitigate impacts be developed. In areas of High Sensitivity, a survey prior to excavation is also recommended to locate surface concentrations of fossils that might need special salvage methods.

Mitigation can be initiated prior to and/or during construction. As a practical matter, no consideration is generally afforded paleontological sites for which scientific importance cannot be demonstrated. If a paleontological resource assessment determines an area is insignificant or of Low sensitivity, it is recommended that this conclusion be documented in the assessment report and in the project’s environmental document in order to demonstrate compliance with applicable statutory requirements.

Summary of Sensitivity A formation or rock unit has paleontological sensitivity or the potential for significant paleontological resources if it has previously produced, or has lithologies conducive to the preservation of, vertebrate fossils and associated or regionally uncommon invertebrate and plant fossils. All sedimentary rocks, except those younger than 11,700 years, certain extrusive volcanic rocks, and mildly metamorphosed rocks are considered to have potential for paleontological resources.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 8 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

METHODS

LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review included an examination of geologic maps of the project area and a review of relevant geological and paleontological literature to determine which geologic units are present within the project area and whether fossils have been recovered from those geologic units elsewhere in the region. As geologic units may extend over large geographic areas and contain similar lithologies and fossils, the literature review includes areas well beyond the project area. The results of this literature review include an overview of the geology of the project area and a discussion of the paleontological sensitivity (or potential) of the geologic units within the project area.

LOCALITY SEARCH The purpose of a locality search is to establish the status and extent of previously recorded paleontological resources within and adjacent to the study area for a given project. In December 2013, a locality search was completed through the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM). This search identified any vertebrate localities in the LACM records that exist within several miles of the project area in the same or similar deposits. When available, details of those localities, such as formation, rock type, depth, and species lists were also noted. The locality search results from Dr. Samuel McLeod, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the LACM, are summarized in the Results section of this report, and a copy of the letter from the LACM is provided in Appendix A.

FIELD SURVEY The purpose of a field survey is to confirm the accuracy of the geologic mapping, relocate any known paleontological localities, if present, and identify any unrecorded paleontological resources exposed on the surface of a project area. In this way, impacts to existing, unrecorded paleontological material may be mitigated prior to the beginning of ground-disturbing activities, and portions of the project area that are more likely to contain paleontological resources may be identified. On December 27, 2013, LSA Associate Ivan Strudwick conducted a pedestrian survey of the entire approximately 9 ac project area. All portions of the property were surveyed in parallel linear transects spaced 7 to 10 meters (approximately 23 to 33 feet [ft]) apart. The central portion of the project area was surveyed in an east-west direction, while the eastern and western portions were surveyed in a north-south direction.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 9 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

PROJECT PERSONNEL Sarah Rieboldt, Ph.D., Paleontologist Dr. Rieboldt received her Ph.D. in Paleontology from the University of California, Berkeley, and has extensive experience surveying for and collecting paleontological resources; salvaging large fossil specimens; collecting bulk sediment samples; identifying, preparing, and curating fossil material; and writing paleontological assessment reports and final mitigation monitoring reports at the conclusion of construction projects. She has conducted paleontological and geological fieldwork in California, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and Alabama and has 5 years of experience working with natural history collections in several museums (Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago], University of California Museum of Paleontology, and University of Colorado Museum of Natural History). As a geologist and paleontological consultant, Dr. Rieboldt has worked on many different projects, including carbon sequestration and astrobiology research programs funded by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), respectively, as well as on projects for the State of California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR), the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and various private developers in California, Nevada, and Utah.

Brooks R. Smith, Associate LSA Associate Brooks Smith assisted with the preparation of this paleontological assessment. Mr. Smith has a B.S. in Geology from the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has 21 years of experience with paleontological salvage programs and extensive experience collecting paleontological resources, as well as writing paleontological assessment reports; surveying for paleontological resources; salvaging large fossil specimens; identifying fossils for curation; and preparing final mitigation monitoring reports at the conclusion of construction projects.

Ivan Strudwick, Associate LSA Associate Ivan Strudwick conducted the paleontological survey for this project. Mr. Strudwick has 20 years of paleontological and archaeological experience on numerous projects in Southern and Central California. Mr. Strudwick is responsible for managing archaeological projects; conducting archaeological and paleontological surveys; monitoring for, recovering, and identifying archaeological and paleontological resources; and preparing reports. Surveys usually involve Global Positioning System (GPS) mapping, site and locality description and/or recordation, and occasionally require limited surface collections.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 10 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

RESULTS

LITERATURE REVIEW Geology The project area is located within the Coastal Plains Region of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province. This province is a 900-mile long northwest-southeast-trending structural block that extends from the tip of Baja California to the Transverse Ranges in Los Angeles County (Norris and Webb, 1976). The total width of the province is approximately 225 miles, extending from the Colorado Desert in the east to the Southern Channel Islands (Santa Catalina, San Clemente, Santa Barbara, and San Nicolas) in the west (Sharp, 1976). The province is characterized by a series of northwest- trending mountain ranges separated by northwest-trending valleys, subparallel to faults branching from the San Andreas Fault and contains extensive pre-Cretaceous (more than 145 million years ago[Ma]) igneous and metamorphic rocks covered by limited exposures of post-Cretaceous (less than 66 Ma) sedimentary deposits.

The Coastal Plains region lies between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the foothills of the Peninsular Ranges to the east. The Coastal Plains consist of layered sedimentary sequences deposited over Mesozoic volcanic and metamorphic rocks, as well as plutonic crystalline basement rocks of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith. The sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plains region range in age from late Cretaceous (approximately 100 Ma) to Recent; however, the dominant rocks consist of Eocene marine transgressive and regressive sequences deposited within the ancient San Diego Embayment.

According to geologic mapping by Kennedy and Tan (2007) and Tan (1999), the entire surface of the project area contains Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago) Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits. However, these authors also mapped Late to Middle Pleistocene (11,700– 781,000 years ago) Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits along Del Obispo Street on the western edge of the project area, and the Early Pliocene to Late Miocene (3.6–11.62 Ma) Capistrano Formation approximately 600 ft west of the project area. It is likely that one or both of these older geologic units are present below the surface in the project area. In addition, because the project area was previously developed for a mobile home park, some portions may contain Artificial Fill, which was not mapped by Kennedy and Tan (2007) or Tan (1999). The thickness of Artificial Fill in the project area is not known. Figure 2 depicts the geologic units mapped at the surface within and surrounding the project area. All of the geologic units that may be encountered are described in more detail below and summarized in Table A.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 11 Qoaga

￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

Qwsa

Qmba

￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿

￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿ ￿￿

￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿

￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ 34202 Del Obispo Street Project ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ ￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿￿ LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

Table A: Geologic Units Within the Project Area at the Surface and Potentially in the Subsurface

Map Symbol Geologic Unit Epoch Age (years) 1 N/A Artificial Fill Holocene Less than 100 Qyaas Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits Holocene to Late Pleistocene Less than 126,000 Qoa ga Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits Late to Middle Pleistocene 11,700–781,000 Tcs Capistrano Formation Early Pliocene to Late Miocene 3.6–11.62 million 1 Source: International Commission on Stratigraphy (2013). N/A = Not Applicable

Artificial Fill. Artificial Fill consists of sediments that have been removed from one location and transported to another location by human activity, rather than by natural means. The transportation distance can vary from a few feet to many miles. Composition is dependent on the source. When it is compacted and dense, it is known as “engineered fill,” but it can be loosely compacted. Artificial Fill will sometimes contain modern debris such as asphalt, wood, bricks, concrete, metal, glass, plastic, and even plant material. Although not mapped at the surface by Kennedy and Tan (2007) and Tan (1999), Artificial Fill is likely present at the surface in some portions of the project area due to previous development in this area.

Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits (Qya as ). Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits are generally found adjacent to stream and river channels and represent deposition by streams and rivers during flood events. In the project area, these deposits represent flooding events of San Juan Creek. They consist of unconsolidated to poorly consolidated, poorly sorted, permeable deposits of sand, silt, and clay that accumulated during the Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago) (Kennedy and Tan, 2007; Tan, 1999). These deposits are mapped on the surface of the entire project area.

Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits (Qoa ga ). Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits formed during the Late to Middle Pleistocene (11,700–781,000 years ago) (Kennedy and Tan, 2007; Tan, 1999) from sediments that were carried by the ancient San Juan Creek and deposited during flood events. They are composed of well consolidated, poorly sorted, permeable gravel, sand, silt, and clay. In some areas, they have been dissected by erosional gullies. Although not exposed at the surface within the project area, they are mapped along Del Obispo Street on the western edge of the subject property. As such, these deposits may exist below the Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits beginning as shallowly as 15 ft beneath the surface.

Capistrano Formation (Tcs). The marine Capistrano Formation was deposited during the Early Pliocene to Late Miocene (3.6–11.62 Ma) (Kennedy and Tan, 2007; Tan, 1999). It has two facies, which are distinguished by their depositional environments and corresponding compositions. The turbidite facies formed in marine channel and sub-sea fan environments; it is composed of coarse- grained, poorly bedded, weakly cemented sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone. In contrast, the siltstone facies accumulated in deep shelf and slope environments and consists of white to pale gray,

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 13 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

massive to poorly bedded, friable siltstone, mudstone, and diatomaceous shale. The siltstone facies is mapped at the surface less than 600 ft west of the project area and, like the Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits described above, may be encountered in the subsurface within the project area at depths as shallow as 15 ft.

Paleontology Artificial Fill. Artificial Fill may contain fossils, but these fossils have been removed from their original location and are thus out of stratigraphic context. Therefore, they are not considered important for scientific study. As such, Artificial Fill has No paleontological sensitivity. However, other deposits that may contain significant fossil resources may be encountered beneath the Artificial Fill, possibly as shallowly as 15 ft below the surface.

Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits. The Young Alluvial Valley Deposits within the project area were deposited during the Holocene to Late Pleistocene (less than 126,000 years ago). Although the younger, Holocene (less than 11,700 years ago) sediments within this geologic unit may contain remains of plants and animals, generally not enough time has passed for them to become fossilized. In addition, these remains would be conspecific with modern species, and therefore, usually are not considered significant. However, significant fossils are known from the older, Late Pleistocene (11,700–126,000 years ago) sediments within this geologic unit elsewhere in Southern California (Jefferson, 1991a, 1991b; Miller, 1971; Pajak et al., 1996; Reynolds and Reynolds, 1991; Springer et al., 2009).

These older deposits span the end of the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA), which was named for the Rancho La Brea fossil site in central Los Angeles and dates from 240,000 to 11,000 years ago. The index fossil for the Rancholabrean NALMA is Bison sp., but fossils from this time also include other large and small mammals, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and plants. There is a potential to encounter these types of fossils in the older sediments of this geologic unit within the project area below a depth of approximately 15 ft. Therefore, these deposits are assigned a low paleontological sensitivity above a depth of 15 ft and a High sensitivity below that mark.

Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits. The Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits accumulated during the Late to Middle Pleistocene (11,700–781,000 years ago) and may be encountered within the project area beneath the Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits, possibly as shallow as 15 ft below the surface. These deposits span the latest two NALMAs: the Irvingtonian (1.8 million to 240,000 years ago) and the Rancholabrean (240,000 to 11,000 years ago). Fossils are known in similar Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean deposits from excavations for roads, housing developments, and quarries, as well as scientific investigations within the Southern California area (Jefferson, 1991a, 1991b; Miller, 1971; Pajak et al., 1996; Reynolds and Reynolds, 1991; Springer et al., 2009). These fossils include mammoths, mastodons, horses, bison, camels, saber-toothed cats, coyotes, deer, and sloths, as well as smaller animals like rodents, rabbits, birds, reptiles, and fish. As such, these deposits are considered to have a High paleontological sensitivity.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 14 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

Capistrano Formation. The Capistrano Formation was deposited during the Early Pliocene to Late Miocene (3.6 – 11.62 Ma) and may be encountered at depth within the project area, possibly as shallow as 15 ft below the surface. This formation has produced abundant and diverse significant fossils, many of which come from the siltstone facies, which is mapped at the surface less than 600 ft west of the project area. These fossils include bony fish, sharks, whales, porpoises, sea lions, sea cows, and marine birds (Barnes and Raschke, 1991; Démeré and Berta, 2005; Ebeling, 1962; Eisentraut and Cooper, 2002; Smith, 2011). As such, these deposits are considered to have High paleontological sensitivity.

LOCALITY SEARCH In December 2013, a locality search was completed by Dr. Samuel McLeod, Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the LACM. The results of this locality search are summarized below, and a copy of the letter from the LACM is provided in Appendix A.

The LACM does not have any records of vertebrate fossil localities within the project area; however, the museum does have records of localities nearby in the same sedimentary deposits as those found within the project area. According to the LACM, the surface deposits in the project area consist of younger Quaternary Alluvium (i.e., Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits), which generally do not contain significant paleontological resources in the upper beds. However, the museum does have a general Doheny State Beach locality (LACM 2028) in Quaternary Alluvium, which produced a specimen of Bison . The LACM also has a locality (LACM 5507) from the Quaternary Terrace deposits just east of the proposed project area northeast of Calle del Sol, that yielded a specimen of the white croaker fish, Genyonemus . Although these deposits are found in the higher elevations to the west and east of the project area, they are unlikely to be found in the subsurface of the project area because the project is in the San Juan Creek flood plain.

The LACM suggests that excavations in the younger Quaternary Alluvium exposed at the surface of the project area are unlikely to encounter significant paleontological resources. However, deeper excavations into older sedimentary units may uncover significant fossils. As such, any substantial excavations in the proposed project area should be monitored closely to quickly and professionally recover any fossil remains discovered while not impeding development.

FIELD SURVEY The project area is level, except for an entrance road from Del Obispo Street near the northwest corner of the property, and exhibits remnants of the mobile home park that existed on the property until 2004. A paved road runs around the property, and asphalt and concrete driveways remain in some areas. In the northwestern corner of the project area, the ground is now covered with gravel, indicating that it was used as a staging area for road construction material after removal of the mobile homes. The remaining unpaved portions of the project area are covered with a low growth of grass and weeds and contain several mature trees and shrubs. Ground visibility was zero in the paved areas, as well as the gravel-covered northwest corner of the property. However, where vegetation was present, ground visibility was approximately 80 to 100 percent.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 15 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

With the exception of the paved areas and gravel in the northwestern corner of the property, most of the surficial sediments in the project area are consistent with Holocene to Late Pleistocene Alluvial Floodplain Deposits as mapped by Kennedy and Tan (2007) and Tan (1999). These surficial sediments vary from sand and silt loam in the western part of the property to a clay loam in the eastern portion. It is difficult to determine what is original and what has been modified by blading; however, it appears that the entire area was bladed level prior to the installation of mobile homes on the property.

No paleontological resources were observed during the field survey. Six pieces of Recent marine shell were observed, and this material was likely collected by mobile home park residents prior to 2004.

SUMMARY The results of the locality search and field survey indicate that there are no known paleontological resources within the project area. However, significant paleontological resources have been recovered near the project area and elsewhere in Southern California from deposits similar to the older sediments in the Holocene to Late Pleistocene Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits mapped at the surface of the entire project area. As such, this geologic unit is given a Low paleontological sensitivity rating to a depth of 15 ft and a High sensitivity rating below that mark. The Late to Middle Pleistocene Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits and the Capistrano Formation, which may be present in the subsurface of the project area, also have yielded significant fossils in Orange County and elsewhere in Southern California. Therefore, these geologic units are considered to have High paleontological sensitivity. Prior development of a mobile home park on the property suggests that Artificial Fill also may be present at the surface in some portions of the project area. Artificial Fill will not produce significant paleontological resources and, therefore, has No paleontological sensitivity.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 16 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

RECOMMENDATIONS

Although no significant paleontological resources were identified directly within the project area during the locality search or field survey, the results of the locality search and literature review indicate that the project area encompasses deposits of High paleontological sensitivity. These deposits are likely to be encountered below a depth of approximately 15 ft. They include the older sediments in the Holocene to Late Pleistocene Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits mapped at the surface throughout the project area, as well as the Late to Middle Pleistocene Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits and Capistrano Formation. Therefore, there is the potential to encounter significant paleontological resources during ground-disturbing activities in the project area if excavation extends below this 15 ft depth. In order to mitigate potential adverse impacts to significant, nonrenewable paleontological resources, as required by CEQA Appendix G, PRC Section 5097.5, and the General Plan and Municipal Code of the City, LSA recommends the following mitigation measure:

PALEO-1 If excavation activities are anticipated to extend deeper than 15 feet (ft) below the surface, the Applicant shall retain a qualified paleontologist, subject to the review and approval of the City of Dana Point (City) Community Development Director, or designee, to prepare a Paleontological Resources Impact Mitigation Program (PRIMP) for the proposed project. The PRIMP should be consistent with the guidelines of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP) and include, but not be limited to, the following:

1. The paleontologist, or his/her representative, shall attend a preconstruction meeting. 2. Excavation and grading activities in sediments with a High paleontological sensitivity rating (Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits below a depth of 15 ft, Old Alluvial Floodplain Deposits, and the Capistrano Formation) shall be monitored by a qualified paleontological monitor on a full-time basis. If paleontological resources are encountered during the course of ground disturbance, the paleontological monitor shall have the authority to temporarily redirect construction away from the area of the find in order to assess its scientific significance. 3. In the event that paleontological resources are encountered when a paleontological monitor is not present, work in the immediate area of the find shall be redirected and the paleontologist should be contacted to assess the find for scientific significance. If any fossil remains are discovered in sediments with a Low paleontological sensitivity rating (Young Alluvial Floodplain Deposits to a depth of 15 ft beneath the surface), the paleontologist shall make recommendations as to whether monitoring shall be required in these sediments on a full-time basis beginning at a shallower depth.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 17 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

4. Collected resources shall be prepared to the point of identification and permanent preservation. This includes washing and picking of mass samples to recover small vertebrate and invertebrate fossils and the removal of surplus sediment around larger specimens to reduce both the storage volume for the repository and the storage cost for the developer. 5. Any collected resources shall be cataloged and curated into the permanent collections of an accredited scientific institution. 6. At the conclusion of the monitoring program, a report of findings with an appended inventory of specimens shall be prepared. When submitted to the City, the report and inventory would signify completion of the program to mitigate impacts to paleontological resources.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 18 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

REFERENCES

Barnes, Lawrence G., and Rodney E. Raschke 1991 Gomphotaria pugnax, a New Genus and Species of Late Miocene Dusignathine Otariid Pinniped (Mammalia: Carnivora ) from California . Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 426:1-16.

California Geological Survey 2002 California Geomorphic Provinces . California Geologic Survey Note 36. California Department of Conservation.

Démeré, Thomas A., and Annalisa Berta 2005 New skeletal material of Thalassoleon (Otariidae: Pinnipedia ) from the Late Miocene- Early Pliocene (Hemphillian ) of California . Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 45(4):379-411.

Ebeling, Alfred W. 1962 Scopelogadus (?) capistranensis, a New Fossil Melamphaid (Pisces: Teleostei ) from Capistrano Beach, California. Postilla, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History 71:1–6.

Eisentraut, P., and J. Cooper 2002 Development of a Model Curation Program for Orange County’s Archaeological and Paleontological Collections . Prepared by California State University, Fullerton and submitted to the County of Orange Public Facilities Resources Department/Orange County Harbors, Beaches, and Parks (PFRD/HBP).

International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) 2013 International Stratigraphic Chart. Published by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. January 2013. Available online at http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics- chart-timescale.

Jefferson, George T. 1991a A Catalogue of Late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part One: Non-marine Lower Vertebrate and Avian Taxa . Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Technical Reports Number 5, Los Angeles.

1991b A Catalogue of Late Quaternary Vertebrates from California: Part Two: Mammals. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Technical Reports Number 7, Los Angeles.

Kennedy, Michael P., and Siang S. Tan 2005 Geologic Map of the Oceanside 30’ x 60’ Quadrangle, California . Digital Preparation by Kelly R. Bovard, Rachel M. Alvarez, and Michael J. Watson. Prepared by the California

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 19 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, Southern California Areal Mapping Project. Regional Geologic Map Series, Map #2. Map Scale 1:100,000.

Miller, W.E. 1971 Pleistocene Vertebrates of the Los Angeles Basin and Vicinity (Exclusive of Rancho La Brea ). Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Bulletin, Science: No. 10.

Norris, R.M., and R.W. Webb 1976 Geology of California , John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Santa Barbara.

Pajak, Alois F., Eric Scott, and Christopher J. Bell 1996 A Review of the Biostratigraphy of Pliocene and Pleistocene Sediments in the Elsinore Fault Zone, Riverside County, California . PaleoBios Volume 17, Numbers 2–4, pp. 28–49.

Reynolds, R.E., and R.L. Reynolds 1991 The Pleistocene Beneath our Feet: Near-surface Pleistocene Fossils in Inland Southern California Basins, in Inland Southern California: the last 70 million years, M.O. Woodburne, R.E. Reynolds, and D.P. Whistler, eds. Redlands, San Bernardino County Museum Special Publication 38(3 and 4): 41–43.

Sharp, R.P. 1976 Geology: Field Guide to Southern California , Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Second Edition: 181.

Smith, N. Adam 2011 Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan- Alcidae). ZooKeys 91:1–116.

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 1995 Assessment and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Nonrenewable Paleontologic Resources: Standard Guidelines. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology News Bulletin , No. 163, January 1995: 22–27.

2010 Standard Procedures for the Assessment and Mitigation of Adverse Impacts to Paleontological Resources Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Impact Mitigation Guidelines Revision Committee. pp. 1–11.

Springer, Kathleen, Eric Scott, J. Christopher Sagebiel, and Lyndon K. Murray 2009 The Diamond Valley Lake Local Fauna: Late Pleistocene Vertebrates from Inland Southern California . In L.B. Albright, III, ed. Papers in Geology, Vertebrate Paleontology, and Biostratigraphy in Honor of Michael O. Woodburne, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 65, pp. 217–236.

Tan, Siang S. 1999 Geologic Map of the Dana Point 7.5’ Quadrangle, Orange County, California: A Digital Database Version 1.0 . Digital Database by Gary W. Patt and Kelly R. Ruppert. Prepared

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 20 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

by the California Department of Conservation Division of Mines and Geology in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey, Southern California Areal Mapping Project. Map Scale 1:24,000.

United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1968 Dana Point, California 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. Photorevised 1975. Published by the United States Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» 21 LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESORESOURCESURCES ASSESSMENT JULY 2014 34202 DEL OBISPO STR EET CITY OF DANA POINT

APPENDIX A

LOCALITY SEARCH RESULTS FROM THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF LOS ANGELES COUNTY

P:\DPC1301 Del Obispo\Paleo\Final Paleo Assessment (Clean).docx «07/23/14» Vertebrate Paleontology Section Telephone: (213) 763-3325 Fax: (213) 746-7431 e-mail: [email protected]

31 December 2013

LSA Associates, Inc. 20 Executive Park, Suite 200 Irvine, California 92614

Attn: Sarah Rieboldt, PhD., Paleontologist re: Paleontological Resources Records Check for the proposed 34202 Del Obispo Street Project, LSA Project # DPC1301, in the City of Dana Point, Orange County, project area

Dear Sarah:

I have thoroughly searched our paleontology collection records for the locality and specimen data for the proposed 34202 Del Obispo Street Project, LSA Project # DPC1301, in the City of Dana Point, Orange County, project area as outlined on the portion of the Dana Point USGS topographic quadrangle map that you sent to me via e-mail on 16 December 2013. We do not have any vertebrate fossil localities that lie directly within the proposed project area, but we do have fossil vertebrate localities nearby from the same sedimentary deposits that occur in the proposed project area.

Surface deposits directly within the proposed project area consist of younger Quaternary Alluvium, derived primarily as fluvial deposits from the Sam Juan Creek that forms the eastern border of the proposed project area. These deposits typically do not contain significant vertebrate fossils, at least in the uppermost layers, but we have one general Doheny State Beach locality, LACM 2028, that produced a fossil specimen of bison, Bison. In the elevated terrain adjacent to the northwest there are exposures of terrestrial Quaternary Terrace deposits. Our closest vertebrate fossil locality from the Quaternary Terrace deposits is LACM 5507, just east of the proposed project area northeast of Calle del Sol, that produced a fossil specimen of the white croaker fish, Genyonemus. Shallow excavations in the younger Quaternary Alluvium exposed in the proposed project area are unlikely to uncover significant vertebrate fossils. Deeper excavations that extend down into older sedimentary deposits, however, may well encounter significant fossil vertebrate remains. Any substantial excavations in the proposed project area, therefore, should be monitored closely to quickly and professionally recover any fossil remains discovered while not impeding development. Any fossils collected should be placed in an accredited scientific institution for the benefit of current and future generations.

This records search covers only the vertebrate paleontology records of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. It is not intended to be a thorough paleontological survey of the proposed project area covering other institutional records, a literature survey, or any potential on-site survey.

Sincerely,

Samuel A. McLeod, Ph.D. Vertebrate Paleontology enclosure: invoice LEGEND Project Location 1-mile Buffer

0 1000 2000 34202 Del Obispo Street Project FEET Locality Search Map SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad - Dana Point (1975), CA I:\DPC1301\GIS\RecordSearch_1mile.mxd (12/16/2013)