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Floods of March 1938 in Southern California

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Floods of March 1938 in Southern California UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Water-Supply Paper 844 FLOODS OF MARCH 1938 IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BY ,- HAROLD C. TROXELL AND Prepared in cooperation with the «*, FEDERAL EMERGENCY ADMINISTRATION OF AND WORKS PROGRESS o »- r " : . ^.j ^*^» ^" - n>-* UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 For aate by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ------- Price $1.25 CONTENTS Page Abstract .............................. 1 Introduction ............................ 2 Administration and personnel .................... 2 Acknowledgments .......................... 3 General features of the storm and flood .............. 4 Collection of rainfall and runoff records ............. 14 Heteorologic and hydrologic conditions ............... 15 Precipitation records ..................... 15 Preparation of isohyetal maps ................. 46 Local rainfall characteristics ................. 49 San Dimas Experimental Forest ................. 54 Chronologic distribution .................... 58 Rainfall intensities ...................... 61 Comparison of rates of intensity with rates in previous storms . 91 Storm movement ......................... 93 Antecedent precipitation .................... 95 Snow .............................. 96 Basic discharge records ...................... 98 Santa Ana River Basin ..................... 105 Santiago Creek at Santiago Reservoir, near Villa Park . 105 San Gabriel River Basin .................... 106 San Gabriel River at flood-control reservoir No. 1, near Azusa .......................... 106 San Gabriel River at Morris Reservoir, near Azusa ..... 108 West Pork of San Gabriel River at flood-control reservoir No. 2, near Camp Rincon ....'............. 109 Sawpit Creek at flood-control reservoir near Monrovia . Ill San Dimas Creek at flood-control reservoir near San Dimas . 112 Fern Canyon Watershed No. 2, near San Dimas ........ 114 Fern Canyon Watershed No. 3, near San Dimas ........ 114 Wolfskill Creek near San Dimas ................ 115 West Fork of San Dimas Creek near San Dimas ........ 116 Dalton Creek at flood-control reservoir near Glendora . 117 Live Oak Creek at flood-control reservoir near La Verne 118 Thompson Creek at flood-control reservoir near Claremont 120 Los Angeles River Basil) 121 Pacoima Creek at flood-control reservoir near San Fernando 121 Tujunga Creek at flood-control reservoir near Sunland 123 Santa Anita Creek at flood-control reservoir near Sierra Madre .......................... 124 Little Santa Anita Creek at flood-control reservoir near Sierra Madre ....................... 126 Eaton Creek at flood-control reservoir near Pasadena .... 127 Calleguas Creek Basin ..................... 129 Honda Barranca at Berylwood Road, near Somis ........ 129 Honda Barranca at Perkins Road, near Somis ......... 129 Maximum inflow to reservoirs .................... 131 Studies of basic discharge records in relation to basin characteris­ tics and rainfall ........................ 136 Basin characteristics ..................... 137 Runoff .characteristics .........'............ 140 First phase, February 27 and 28 .............. 141 Second phase, Marth 1 ................... 148 Third phase, March 2 ..................... 148 Fourth phase, 6 p.m. Marjsh 2 to midnight March 10 ..... 148 Relation between rates of precipitation and rates of runoff . 149 Lag between precipitation and runoff ............ 162 Infiltration .......................... 166 Determination of flood discharge .................. 168 Computation of peak discharge ................. 168 Slope-area determinations ................. 169 Flow over weirs ...................... 170 Flow through contracted openings .............. 172 Extension of rating curves ................. 172 Discharge in unstable channels ................ 173 Computation of continuous records of discharge ......... 174 Derivation of discharge for periods of missing records .;. 176 Consistency of determinations of flood discharge ........ 182 . Ill IV CONTENTS Page Records of stage and discharge at stream-gaging stations ...... 183 Explanation of data ...................... 184 Tia Juana River Basin ..................... 186 Cottonwood Creek at Morena Dam ............... 186 Cottonwood Creek near Dulzura ............... 186 Cottonwood Creek above Tecate Creek, near Dulzura ...... 187 Tia Juana River near Dulzura ................ 188 Tia Juana River near Nestor ... M ............ 189 Campo Creek near Campo ................... 190 Otay River Basin ........................ 191 Otay River at Savage Dam .................. 191 Sweetwater River Basin ..................... 192 Sweetwater River at Sweetwater Dam ............. 192 San Diego River Basin ..................... 192 San Diego River at El Capltan Dam, near Lakeside ...... 192 San Diego River near Santee ................ 193 Boulder Creek at Cuyamaca Reservoir, near Julian ...... 194 San Vicente Creek at Foster ................ 195 San Dieguito River Basin .................... 196 Santa Ysabel Creek near Mesa Grande ............ 196 San Dieguito River at Lake Hodges ............. 197 San Luis Key River Basin .................... 197 San Luis Key River near Bonsall .............. 197 San Luis Key River at Oceanside .............. 198 Santa Margarita River Basin .................. 199 Temecula Creek at Nigger Canyon, near Temecula ....... 199 Temecula Creek at Railroad Canyon, near Temecula ...... 200 Santa Margarita River near Fall Brook ........... 200 Santa Margarita River at Ysidora .............. 201 Ifurrieta Creek at Temecula ................. 201 San Juan Creek Basin ...................... 202 San Juan Creek near San Juan Capistrano .......... 202 Trabuco Creek near San Juan Capistrano ........... 202 Aliso Creek Basin ....................... 203 Aliso Creek at El Toro ................... 203 Santa Ana River Basin ..................... 204 Santa Ana River near Ifentone ................ 204 Santa Ana River near Prado ........ .......... 205 Santa Ana River at Santa Ana ................ 206 Mill Creek near Craftonville ................ 207 Plunge Creek near East Highlands .............. 208 San Timoteo Creek near Redlands .............. 209 Warm Creek near Colton ................... 210 Strawberry Creek near Arrowhead Springs .......... 211 Waterman Canyon Creek near Arrowhead Springs ........ 212 City Creek near Highland .................. 213 Devil Canyon Creek near San Bernardino ........... 214 Lytle Creek near Fontana .................. 215 Lytle Creek (east channel) at San Bernardino ........ 215 Lytle Creek (weet channel) at Colton ............ 216 Cajon Creek near Keenbrook ................. 217 Lone Pine Creek near Keenbrook ............... 218 Day Creek near Etlwanda .................. 219 Cucamonga Creek near Upland ................ 219 San Jacinto River near San Jacinto ............. 220 San Jacinto River at Railroad Canyon Reservoir, near Elsinore ........................ 221 San Jacinto River ne&r Elsinore .............. 221 Elsinore Lake at Elsinore ................. 222 Temescal Creek near Corona .........*........ 223 Chino Creek near Prado ................... 223 San Antonio Creek near Claremont .............. 224 Santiago Creek near Villa Park ............... 225 Santiago Creek at Santa Ana ................ 226 Irvine Ranch drainage canal near Tustin .......... 227 San Gabriel River Basin .................... 228 East Fork of San Gabriel River near Canp Bonita ...... 228 San Gabriel River at Foothill Boulevard, near Azusa . ., 229 San Gabriel River at Pico ................. 230 San Gabriel River at Spring Street, near Los Alamitos . 231 Vest Fork of San Gabriel River at Caiq? Rincon ....... 232 Rogera Creek near Azusa .................. 232 Pish Creek near Duarte ................... 233 Sawpit Creek near Monrovia ................. 234 San Dimas Creek near San Dimas ............... 234 Dalton Creek near Glendora ................. 235 Little Dalton Creek near Glendora ............. 236 CONTENTS V Page Records of stage and discharge at stream-gaging stations' Continued San Gabriel River Basin Continued Walnut Creek near Baldwin Park ............... 237 San Jose Creek near Whittier ................ 238 Coyote Creek near Artesla ................. 239 Brea Creek at Fullerton ............ A ..... 240 Carbon Creek at Olinda ................... 241 Los Angeles River Basin .................... 242 Los Angeles River near Van Nuys .............. 242 Los Angeles River near Universal City ........... 243 Los Angeles River at Los Angeles .............. 244 Los Angeles River near Downey ............... 245 Los Angeles River at Long Beach .............. 246 Browns Creek at Chatsworth ................. 246 Pacoima Creek near San Fernando .............. 247 Pacoima Creek at Mission Acres ............... 247 Tujunga Creek near flolby Ranch ............... 248 Tujunga Creek near Sunland ................. 249 Tujunga Creek near San Fernando .............. 249 Little Tujunga Creek near San Fernando ........... 250 Haines Creek near Tujunga ................. 251 Verdugo Creek at Del Valle Avenue, Glendale ........ 252 Verdugo Creek at Glendale- ................. 253 Arroyo Seco near Pasadena ................. 254 Santa Anita Creek near Sierra Hadre ............ 255 Little Santa Anita Creek near Sierra Hadre ......... 255 Eaton Creek near Pasadena ................. 256 Eaton Creek near El Monte ................. 257 Rubio Canyon Wash at Rosemead ............... 258 Alhambra Wash at Alhambra ................
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