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Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
Systematics of the Podarcis Hispanicus-Complex (Sauria, Lacertidae) I: Redefinition, Morphology and Distribution of the Nominotypical Taxon
HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL 17: 69-80, 2007 Systematics of the Podarcis hispanicus-complex (Sauria, Lacertidae) I: Redefinition, morphology and distribution of the nominotypical taxon Philippe Geniez1, Alexandre Cluchier1, Paulo Sá-Sousa2, Claude P. Guillaume1 & Pierre-André Crochet3 1EPHE-UMR 5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France 2Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal 3CNRS-UMR 5175, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Montpellier, France Recent genetic works have suggested that the Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanicus (Steindachner, 1870) sensu lato may in fact be a species complex, yet many of its taxa have not been formally described. We redefine the nominotypical Podarcis [hispanicus] hispanicus sensu stricto using univariate and multivariate morphological analyses and pinpoint its geographical distribution. Podarcis [hispanicus] hispanicus is a small wall lizard characterized by a flattened head and body, the general lack of a masseteric shield, a striped dorsal pattern, the frequent bifurcation of the anterior part of the vertebral strip, the belly almost always white and the tail intense blue in young specimens. Its distribution is restricted to the Spanish Levant (provinces of Alicante, Murcia and Almeria). Key words: morphological analysis, geographical distribution, Reptilia, Spain, wall lizard INTRODUCTION rank. Formal changes have until now been proposed for two lineages only: the North African and Southern Iberian ur understanding of the biological diversity of West taxon vaucheri Boulenger, 1905 was given species rank OEuropean amphibians and reptiles is currently by Oliverio et al. (2000) and Busack et al. (2005), and the changing rapidly, both at the species level and at infra- north-eastern Spanish form (= “P. -
Diet and Helminth Parasites in the Gran Canaria Giant Lizard, Gallotia Stehlini
Rev. Esp. Herp. (2006) 20:105-117 Diet and helminth parasites in the Gran Canaria giant lizard, Gallotia stehlini MIGUEL A. CARRETERO,1 VICENTE ROCA,2 JUAN E. MARTIN,2 GUSTAVO A. LLORENTE,3 ALBERT MONTORI,3 XAVIER SANTOS 3 & JUDIT MATEOS 3 1 CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 2 Departament de Zoologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, c/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]) 3 Departament de Biologia Animal (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Abstract: Diet and helminth fauna were analysed in Gallotia stehlini (Schenkel, 1901), a giant lacertid lizard endemic to Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) in order to explore eventual relationships between both traits. This species is mainly herbivorous, eating a large proportion of plant matter (occurrence 97.1%) including not only seeds but also leaves and other vegetative parts. Helminth fauna included many helminth species typical of herbivorous reptiles, and intestinal helminth diversity was high. A comparison with other lacertids suggests that both traits, diet and helminth fauna, result from an adaptation to insular conditions. Canarian Gallotia, a separate lineage evolving for a long time in insularity, constitutes the most modified lacertid group in this sense. Key words: Canary Islands, diet, lizards, parasites. Resumen: Dieta y helmintos parásitos en el lagarto gigante de Gran Canaria, Gallotia stehlini. –Se analizó la dieta y la helmintofauna de Gallotia stehlini (Schenkel, 1901), un lagarto gigante endémico de Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias, España), para explorar una eventual relación entre ambos parámetros. -
Squamata: Lacertidae)
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF CENOZOIC CLIMATE CHANGE ON AFRICAN LACERTID LIZARDS (SQUAMATA: LACERTIDAE) A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Christy A. Hipsley September 2012 The Dissertation of Christy Hipsley is approved: _________________________________ Professor Barry Sinervo, Chair _________________________________ Professor Giacomo Bernardi _________________________________ Professor Johannes Müller _________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Christy A. Hipsley 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES …………………………………………………………. v ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………… vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………… ix INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………..……. 1 CHAPTER 1. INTEGRATION OF BAYESIAN MOLECULAR CLOCK METHODS AND FOSSIL-BASED SOFT BOUNDS REVEALS EARLY CENOZOIC ORIGIN OF AFRICAN LACERTIDS LIZARDS…………………………………………………………………… 9 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… 9 Background …………………………………………………………………….. 10 Methods ………………………………………………………………………… 11 Results ……………………………………………………….…………………. 13 Discussion………………………………………………………….………………16 CHAPTER 2. MORPHOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE IN ARID-DWELLING AFRICAN LACERTID LIZARDS DRIVEN BY ECOLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS………………. 22 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………... 22 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 23 Materials and Methods ………………………………………………………… 26 Results ……………………………………………………………………..…… -
Age Determination in Some Ophisops Elegans Mènètriès 1832 (Sauria: Lacertidae) Populations Living in the Vicinity of Çanakkale and Akşehir-Eber
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA 2013, Vol. 5, Issue 2 December 2013 pp. 23-30 Age Determination in Some Ophisops elegans Mènètriès 1832 (Sauria: Lacertidae) Populations Living in the Vicinity of Çanakkale and Akşehir-Eber C. Varol Tok *, Mert Gürkan, Batuhan Y. Yakin, Sibel Hayretdağ Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 17100 Çanakkale, TURKEY * Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. In this study, age determination was performed with the method of skeletochronology in 23 (13 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀) Ophisops elegans specimens collected from Çanakkale in the west of Turkey and 20 (10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀) Ophisops elegans specimens collected from the vicinity of AkĢehir-Eber in the Central Anatolia Region. The mean ages of the specimens whose femur cross sections had been examined were determined to be 2.9±0.99 (1-4) in females and 2.85±0.68 (2-4) in males of the Çanakkale population and 3.9±1.19 (3-6) in females and 4.6±1.17 (3-6) in males of the AkĢehir-Eber population. The oldest age among the specimens was found to be six in two female and three male individuals of the AkĢehir-Eber population. When all specimens were evaluated altogether, the correlation between snoutvent length and age was computed as (r=0.572, p=0.008) in females and as (r=0.642, p=0.001) in males. Key words: Ophisops elegans, skeletochronology, Çanakkale, AkĢehir, Eber. Introduction studies, the need to make evaluations by The Snake-eyed lizard, Ophisops elegans, dividing the animals into age groups was one of the most commonly encountered highlighted (CASTANET & SMIRINA, 1990). -
Twenty-One New Sequence Markers for Population Genetics, Species
Pereira et al. BMC Research Notes 2013, 6:299 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/6/299 SHORT REPORT Open Access Twenty-one new sequence markers for population genetics, species delimitation and phylogenetics in wall lizards (Podarcis spp.) Carolina Pereira1, Alvarina Couto1,2, Carla Luís1, Diogo Costa1,2, Sofia Mourão1 and Catarina Pinho1* Abstract Background: Wall lizards of genus Podarcis are abundant and conspicuous reptiles inhabiting Europe and North Africa. In recent years, they have become a popular lizard model for phylogeographical and evolutionary ecology studies. However a lack of suitable nuclear markers currently presents a limitation on analyses of molecular evolution within this genus. We address this limitation by developing twenty-one new primer pairs for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of anonymous sequence markers in Podarcis vaucheri and performed an assay of their cross-amplification and polymorphism levels in two closely- (P. bocagei and P. liolepis) and two distantly-related (P. muralis and P. tiliguerta) congeners. Findings: Cross-amplification and sequencing was straightforward among members of the Iberian and North-African group within genus Podarcis (which includes P. vaucheri), and somewhat less successful in species belonging to other groups (one and four loci out of 21 failed to amplify in P. muralis and P. tiliguerta, respectively, and overall success rates were lower). Nucleotide diversity for the five species examined ranged from 0.35% to 3.5%, with an average of 1.5% across all loci. Insertion and deletion polymorphisms were found in all but three loci. Conclusions: Given the high cross-amplification rates, these markers constitute a valuable addition to set of genomic resources available for Podarcis, especially in studies dealing with phylogenetics, species delimitation, population genetics and phylogeography. -
Solenodon Genome Reveals Convergent Evolution of Venom in Eulipotyphlan Mammals
Solenodon genome reveals convergent evolution of venom in eulipotyphlan mammals Nicholas R. Casewella,1, Daniel Petrasb,c, Daren C. Cardd,e,f, Vivek Suranseg, Alexis M. Mychajliwh,i,j, David Richardsk,l, Ivan Koludarovm, Laura-Oana Albulescua, Julien Slagboomn, Benjamin-Florian Hempelb, Neville M. Ngumk, Rosalind J. Kennerleyo, Jorge L. Broccap, Gareth Whiteleya, Robert A. Harrisona, Fiona M. S. Boltona, Jordan Debonoq, Freek J. Vonkr, Jessica Alföldis, Jeremy Johnsons, Elinor K. Karlssons,t, Kerstin Lindblad-Tohs,u, Ian R. Mellork, Roderich D. Süssmuthb, Bryan G. Fryq, Sanjaya Kuruppuv,w, Wayne C. Hodgsonv, Jeroen Kooln, Todd A. Castoed, Ian Barnesx, Kartik Sunagarg, Eivind A. B. Undheimy,z,aa, and Samuel T. Turveybb aCentre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; bInstitut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; cCollaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; dDepartment of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010; eDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; fMuseum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; gEvolutionary Venomics Lab, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, 560012 Bangalore, India; hDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; iDepartment of Rancho La Brea, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, -
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores -
Research Article Climate-Related Variation in Body Dimensions Within Four Lacertid Species
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Zoology Volume 2014, Article ID 795387, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/795387 Research Article Climate-Related Variation in Body Dimensions within Four Lacertid Species Stanislav Volynchik The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel Correspondence should be addressed to Stanislav Volynchik; stanislav [email protected] Received 17 December 2013; Revised 9 April 2014; Accepted 15 April 2014; Published 19 May 2014 Academic Editor: Michel Laurin Copyright © 2014 Stanislav Volynchik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. A close relationship between habitat and external morphology is widespread among many animals, including reptiles. Here, I studied the relationship between abiotic environmental conditions and body size of four lacertid species (Phoenicolacerta laevis, Ophisops elegans, Acanthodactylus boskianus, and Mesalina guttulata) occurring in Israel. I examined the effect of average annual temperature and average annual precipitation on body and limb dimensions, using linear statistical models. Temperature- and precipitation-related geographic clines in body size showed the same trend among all species. Females displayed stronger phenotypic response to temperature gradient than conspecific males, suggesting a sex-specific effect of natural selection. Snout- vent length (SVL) was negatively correlated with temperature, supporting Bergmann’s rule in O. elegans and in female P. l ae v i s and A. boskianus,butnotinM. guttulata. Precipitation was positively related to SVL in O. -
Isolated Population of the Middle Eastern Phoenicolacerta Laevis from the Georgian Black Sea Coast, and Its Genetic Closeness to Populations from Southern Turkey
Zoology in the Middle East ISSN: 0939-7140 (Print) 2326-2680 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tzme20 Isolated population of the Middle Eastern Phoenicolacerta laevis from the Georgian Black Sea Coast, and its genetic closeness to populations from southern Turkey David Tarkhnishvili, Mariam Gabelaia, Andrei Kandaurov, Alexander Bukhnikashvili & Giorgi Iankoshvili To cite this article: David Tarkhnishvili, Mariam Gabelaia, Andrei Kandaurov, Alexander Bukhnikashvili & Giorgi Iankoshvili (2017): Isolated population of the Middle Eastern Phoenicolacerta laevis from the Georgian Black Sea Coast, and its genetic closeness to populations from southern Turkey, Zoology in the Middle East, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1361191 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2017.1361191 Published online: 07 Aug 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tzme20 Download by: [Ilia State University] Date: 07 August 2017, At: 02:33 Zoology in the Middle East, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2017.1361191 Isolated population of the Middle Eastern Phoenicolacerta laevis from the Georgian Black Sea Coast, and its genetic closeness to populations from southern Turkey David Tarkhnishvilia*, Mariam Gabelaiaa, Andrei Kandaurovb, Alexander Bukhnikashvilib and Giorgi Iankoshvilia aInstitute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia; bInstitute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia (Received 1 June 2017; accepted 23 July 2017) The Lebanon Lizard (Phoenicolacerta laevis) occurs on the Levantine coast and scat- tered populations are found in isolated coastal habitats along the southern and south- western coast of Turkey. -
Georgia & Armenia
OVERSEAS TOURS 2021 Georgia & Armenia Caucasian specialies! May 22 - June 2, 2021 Iinerary Day 1 / May 22: Madrid - Istambul (conecing flight to Tbilisi - Georgia) Meet and welcome at Madrid airport to travel to Istambul where we will land before midnight to take our con- necing flight to Tblisi. Day 2 / May 23: Istambul - Tbilisi (Georgia) - Stepanstminda (Kazbegi) Arriving in Tbilisi, capital of Georgia, then quick transfer to the Hotel Betsy where we will just stop for a while, just enough for freshening up and our breakfast*. We will head northwards to the Greater Caucasus and Stepantsminda (1,740 m.a.s.l), an alpine townlet at the botom of Kazbegi Mountain. A drive straight would normally take us about 3 hours, although we plan a few exciing birding tops en route such as Kojori and Ananuri Forest, with chan- ces for Krüper’s Nuthatch, Green Warbler, Semicollared and Red-breasted Flycatcher along with other forest spe- cies. Apart of birding we may also want to visit local burg, the Ananuri Castle. This fortress composes mulifuncional architectural complex built between 16th and 17th cc. In 2007, the complex has been on the ten- taive list for inclusion into the UNESCO World Heritage Site program. Upon arrival to our comfortable hotel we will check-in and then off again for some opional birding around the beauiful Elia Gorge surrounded by alpine meadows and rocky slopes, with large Rhododendron patches and a substanial populaion of Caucasian Black Grouse... At this ime we should be able to see them displaying in the nearby slopes. -
Amphibians and Reptiles of the Mediterranean Basin
Chapter 9 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Mediterranean Basin Kerim Çiçek and Oğzukan Cumhuriyet Kerim Çiçek and Oğzukan Cumhuriyet Additional information is available at the end of the chapter Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70357 Abstract The Mediterranean basin is one of the most geologically, biologically, and culturally complex region and the only case of a large sea surrounded by three continents. The chapter is focused on a diversity of Mediterranean amphibians and reptiles, discussing major threats to the species and its conservation status. There are 117 amphibians, of which 80 (68%) are endemic and 398 reptiles, of which 216 (54%) are endemic distributed throughout the Basin. While the species diversity increases in the north and west for amphibians, the reptile diversity increases from north to south and from west to east direction. Amphibians are almost twice as threatened (29%) as reptiles (14%). Habitat loss and degradation, pollution, invasive/alien species, unsustainable use, and persecution are major threats to the species. The important conservation actions should be directed to sustainable management measures and legal protection of endangered species and their habitats, all for the future of Mediterranean biodiversity. Keywords: amphibians, conservation, Mediterranean basin, reptiles, threatened species 1. Introduction The Mediterranean basin is one of the most geologically, biologically, and culturally complex region and the only case of a large sea surrounded by Europe, Asia and Africa. The Basin was shaped by the collision of the northward-moving African-Arabian continental plate with the Eurasian continental plate which occurred on a wide range of scales and time in the course of the past 250 mya [1].