DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrology and Diagenesis of the of the Boone Formation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrology and Diagenesis of the of the Boone Formation PETROLOGY AND DIAGENESIS OF THE Sl-IOHT CREEK OOLITE MEMBER OF THE BOONE FORMATION, NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA By DAVID W. VADEN I\ Bachelor of Science in Arts and Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1984 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahome State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December, 1987 PETROLOGY AND DIAGENESIS OF THE SHORT CREEK OOLITE MEMBER OF THE BOONE FORMATION, NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA Thesis Approved: ~-~:~::: ____________ _ ~ ______ 1!11/::km~_11 __j)_4&4~-- Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to sincerely thank Dr. Zuhair Al-Shaieb for his friendship, support, and ever-patient guidance. I feel very fortunate to have had the opportunity to know and work with him and shall always value his friendship. I also wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Doug Kent for his friendship and assistance over the past four years. In addition, thanks go to Ors. Kent and Scott Ritter for their participation as members of my committee. Special thanks go to Curt McCormick and to Peter Bayley for their assistance in the field and laboratory. Many thanks to the University Center for Water Research for their funding of a geochemical and hydrogeological study of acidic mine drainage in the Tri-State area; work I con- ducted on this topic was largely responsible for the interest generated concerning the geology of the area. Sincere thanks go to members of my family for their sup- port and encouragement during this long process. E}:plicitly, thanks go to my parents, Gene and Beverly; and to Jan and Robin, my sisters; and to Robert Landrum. Members of my wife's family to whom I extend my gratitude include her par- ents, Thomas and Elma Ray; and to Beverly, David, Janet, and Julie Ray; and to Perry and Carol Ray. iii Finally, my greatest thanks go to my wife for her un- wavering encouragement and support, even in the midst of her own graduate study and thesis. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS. • 1 Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Location of Study Area • • • • • • 2 Physiography •••••• • • • 2 Methodology. • • • • • • • • • . • . • • . 5 Previous Investigations. 9 Purpose of Investigation • • • • • . • . 13 II. OUTCROP GEOLOGY • • 15 Exposures of the Short Creek Oolite. 15 Outcrop 1. • • • • • • •••••• 18 General • • • • • • • • • • • • • 18 The Joplin Member • • • • • • • • 18 The Short Creek Oolite Member • • 21 The Baxter Springs Member • • • • • • 24 The Moccasin Bend Member ••••••• 26 Outcrop 2. • • • • • • • • 27 General . 27 The .Joplin Member •••••••••• 27 The Short Creek Oolite Member •••• 32 The Baxter Springs Member • • 33 Outcrop 3. • . • • . • • 34 General • . • . • . • . • . 34 The Short Creek Oolite Member • . 34 The Baxter Springs Member • • • • • • 42 The Moccasin Bend Member. • • • • 43 I I I. STRATIGRAPHY OF THE BOONE FORMATION • • 45 General Stratigraphic Features • • • • 45 The Boone Formation. • • • • • • • 47 The Osage Series • • • • • • • ••••• • 49 The St • .Joe Limestone Member. • • 49 The Reeds Spring Member • • • • • • • 57 The Grand Falls Member ••••• • 59 The .Joplin Member •••••••. • • 63 The Short Creek Oolite Member • • 64 The Baxter Springs Member • 72 The Meramec Series • • • • • • • • • • 76 v J Bed Subunit ••••••• • • • 76 The Moccasin Bend Member •• • • • 77 IV. STRUCTURE OF THE TRI-STATE AREA • • 79 Regional Structural Setting. • . 79 Local Structural Setting • 84 Miami Trough. • • • • • • . • . • • • 89 Seneca Graben • • • • • • 92 Bendelari Monocline •• 93 Geology of the Ore Bodies. • • 94 v. DEPOSITION OF UPPER OSAGE STRATA. • • 98 General Features • • • • • • . 98 Development and Recognition of Facies ••• 104 Oolitic Shoal Facies. • .107 Inner Shelf Facies. • • • •• 109 Outer Shelf Faci es. • • • 112 Environmental Summary . 113 VI. PETROGRAPHY OF THE SHORT CREEK OOLITE .117 General Petrographic Features and Classification • • • • • • • • • 117 Allochemical Constituents •• • . • 118 Oaids . .118 Superficial Grains. • • 121 Aggregate Grains. • • • • • • 124 Peloids • • • • • • • .124 Skeletal Debris •• .125 Terrigenous Clastic Constituents • .134 Detrital Quartz •• .134 Detrital Clays •••• .134 Diagenetic Constituents. .137 Calcite Cements ••• • 137 Si 1 ica. • • .143 Glauconi te. • • • • • • • • • • 147 Pyrite. • • • • • • • 150 Dolomite •• • .150 VII. DIAGENESIS OF THE SHORT CREEK OOLITE. .155 Ooid Genesis • • • • • • • • • • • • • 155 Cortical Fabric as a Function of Original Mineralogy. • . • 155 Cortical Fabric as a Function of Hydrodynamic Conditions •• .156 Short Creek Ooids • • • • • • • .158 Diagenesis of the Short Creek Oolite Discussion and Paragenesis •• .159 Early Diagenesis. • • ••• .162 Shallow Burial ••••• .163 Deeper Burial • • .•• • • • 171 Late Diagenesis <Telogenesis> • .174 Paragenetic Summary ••••••••• .178 vi VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS • • • • • . .183 Short Creek Stratigraphy • • .183 Structure of the Study Area. • .184 Deposition of the Short Creek •• • •• 184 Petrography of the Short Creek • .185 Diagenesis of the Short Creek. • •• .187 Future Research. • ••• .188 BIBLIOGRAPHY •.••.• •• 190 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of northeastern Oklahoma study area • 4 2. Physiographic divisions of the Ozark region. 7 3. Geologic map-Short Creek exposures • 17 4. Exposures at Outcrop 1 • • 20 5. Idealized measured section-Outcrop 1 • 23 6. Exposures at Outcrop 2 • . 29 7. Idealized measured section-Outcrop 2 • . 31 8. Exposures at Outcrop 3 • . 36 9. Idealized measured section-Outcrop 3 . • 38 10. Stylolitization at Short Creek-Baxter Springs contact. • 41 11. Boone members vs. informal letter designati?n· • 51 12. Stratigraphic comparison by author • • 53 13. Cross-section of regional facies development • • 61 14. Map of well locations-Kansas • • 69 15. Cross-section along line E-F'. 71 16. Regional structure of Ozark Anticline. • 81 17. Cross-section illustrating tilting in pre-Chattanooga time • • 83 18. Cross-section illustrating tilting in Early Pennsylvanian. • 86 19. Detail map of local structures . • 88 viii Figure Page 20. Map of local structures. • • 91 21. Mined areas of the Oklahoma-Kansas field • • 96 22. Paleogeographic and lithofacies map. • .101 23. Paleoceanographic and paleobathymetric map • .103 24. Idealized diagram of sedimentary environment •• 106 25. Local facies depicted in cross-section • • • 116 26. Ooid nucleation on pelmatozoan skeletal debris .120 27. Concentric cortical fabric • • .123 28. Composite cortical fabric. .123 29. Syntaxial calcite overgrowths on pelmatozoan skeletal debris. • • • • • .127 30. Neomorphosed gastropod fragment. .130 31. Bryozoan fragment. • • • • • p • •• 133 32. Detrital quartz with syntaxial quartz overgrowth • • • • • • • • •• 136 33. Stylolites and clayey residuum • .136 34. Early calcite cements •• • .139 35. Equant calcite cements • .142 36. Ooid silicification. • .146 37. Fibrous chalcedony • .149 38. Replacement of ooid by glauconite •• .152 39. Replacement of ooid by glauconite and silica •• 152 40. Typical x-ray diffraction curve. • .154 41. Diaganetic zones •• • • 161 42. Late, fracture-filling calcite cements • • .173 43. Development of oomoldic porosity •• • .177 ix F igure Page 44. Schematic paragenetic sequence . .180 >: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS Introduction Northern Ottawa County, Oklahoma, is important as the site of extensive commercial exploitation of zinc and lead ores from the Tri-State District. These ore deposits are largely confined to the Mississippian Boone Formation. As a result, the literature contains many studies on mining geology, local structures, a~d Boone Formation stratigraphy. Comparatively little has been published, however, concerning the sedimentation, petrography, and diagenesis of the Boone Formation, or its various members. The Short Creek Oolite Member of the Boone Formation was chosen for such a study because of its unique lithologic character, and because it has been mapped on the surface. The Short Creek Oolite is a thin, but persistent bed of oolitic limestone which outcrops widely along the Neosho and Spring Rivers, and their tributaries, in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The unit is also exposed to the south in Delaware County, Oklahoma and in southwest Missouri; it is also known in the subsurface of southeast Kansas. 1 2 Location of Study Area The area under investigation is located in eastern and southeastern Ottawa County, Oklahoma <Figure 1). Adjacent areas in Delaware County, Oklahoma, and in Kansas and Missouri have been visited during the course of this investigation, but exposures of the Short Creek Oolite are mainly limited to the indicated area. After investigating many different exposures, three out- crops were selected for detailed study. Their locations are presented as follows: Outcrop 1 is located at NEl/4, Sec.29, T27N, R24E, and occurs along the east bank of the Neosho River a few hundred feet upstream of its confluence with the Spring River; Outcrop 2 is located at NEl/4, NWl/4, Sec.13, T26N, R23E, and occurs along a nameless tributary to the \ head-waters of Grand Lake; Outcrop 3 is located at SW1/4, NWl/4, Sec.35, T27N, R24E, and occurs along State Highway 10 about 2 miles southeast of Wyandotte, Oklahoma. Physiography The northeastern Oklahoma study area occurs on the southwestern flank of the Ozark uplift. The Ozark uplift is a broad asymmetric dome occupying an area of approximately 40,000 square miles in Missouri, Arkansas, and Oklahoma <Huffman, 1958,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Two New Crinoids from Lower Mississippian Rocks in Southeastern Kentucky
    TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM LOWER MISSISSIPPIAN ROCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN KENTUCKY BY GEORGE M. EHLERS AND ROBERT V. KESLING Reprinted from JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY Val. 37, No. 5, September, 1963 JOURNALOF PALEONTOLOGY,V. 37, NO. 5, P. 1028-1041, PLS. 133,134, 3 TEXT-FIGS., SEPTEMBER,1963 TWO NEW CRINOIDS FROM L20\'C7ERMISSISSIPPIAN ROCKS IN SOUTHEASTERN KENTUCKY GEORGE M. EHLERS AKD ROBERT V. ICESLING Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan .~BsTR.~~T-AII~~~~specimens collected many years ago bl- the senior author and his students near Mill Springs, Kentucky, are a new species of Agaricocrinzis and a new speries of Actino- crinites. Although only one specimen of each is known, it is well preserved. The new Agnrico- crinus bears a resemblance to A. ponderoszts Wood, and the new Actinocriniles to four species described by Miller & Gurley: A. spergenensis, A. botuztosz~s,A. gibsoni, and A. shnronensis. A preliminary survey of species assigned to Agaricocrinz~ssuggests that revision of the genus is overdue. Although the occurrence of the specimens leaves some doubt as to their stratigraphic posi- tion, we conclude that they both probably weathered from the Fort Payne formation and rolled down the slope onto the New Providence, where they were found. The sites where the crinoids were picked up are now deeply inundated by water impounded by the Wolf Creek dam on the Cumberland River. INTRODUCTION onto the New Providence, \$here they were OTH of the new crinoids described here are found. rZt present, both the New Providence B from Lower Mississippian rocks in the valley formation and the I~asalbeds of the Fort Payne of the Cumberland River in Wayne and Russell are underwater at the type locality of the new Counties, Kentucky.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology of Altenburg Quadrangle, Jackson County
    BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF ALTENBURG QUADRANGLE Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability William W. Shilts, Executive Director JACKSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS AND PERRY COUNTY, MISSOURI STATEMAP Altenburg-BG ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director Mary J. Seid, Joseph A. Devera, Allen L. Weedman, and Dewey H. Amos 2009 360 GEOLOGIC UNITS ) ) ) 14 Qal Alluvial deposits ) 13 18 Quaternary Pleistocene and Holocene 17 360 ) 15 360 16 14 0 36 ) 13 Qf Fan deposits ) Unconformity Qal ) & 350 tl Lower Tradewater Formation Atokan ) ) Pennsylvanian 360 ) &cv Caseyville Formation Morrowan 24 360 ) Unconformity ) 17 Upper Elviran undivided, Meu ) Waltersburg to top of Degonia 19 20 Qal 21 22 23 ) 24 ) Mv Vienna Limestone 360 o ) 3 Mts ) 350 Mts Tar Springs Sandstone ) 20 360 ) Mgd 360 30 ) Mgd Glen Dean Limestone ) 21 350 360 Mts 29 ) Qal Hardinsburg Sandstone and J N Mhg Chesterian ) Golconda Formations h Æ Qal Mav anc 28 27 Br ) N oJ 26 25 JN 85 N ) Cypress Sandstone through J Mcpc Dsl 500 Paint Creek Formation JN N ) J o Mts N 5 J s ) Dgt 600 J N 70 J N Mgd Yankeetown Formation s ) Myr Db 80 28 Æ and Renault Sandstone N J 29 N J N ) Sb J Mgd Mississippian o Dgt Ssc 25 Clines o N 25 Msg 27 ) Qal J 80 s 3 Mav Aux Vases Sandstone N J N Mts o MILL J MISSISSIPPI 34 ) Qal J N ) N J Dsl 35 N 26 J o N 25 J Mgd Mgd ) Msg Ste. Genevieve Limestone 500 o Db DITCH J 20 Mgd N N N ) J J o RIVER o N 600 J 80 N ) 10 o J Mav Æ Msl St.
    [Show full text]
  • Columnals (PDF)
    2248 22482 2 4 V. INDEX OF COLUMNALS 8 Remarks: In this section the stratigraphic range given under the genus is the compiled range of all named species based solely on columnals assigned to the genus. It should be noted that this range may and often differs considerably from the range given under the same genus in Section I, because that range is based on species identified on cups or crowns. All other abbreviations and format follow that of Section I. Generic names followed by the type species are based on columnals. Genera, not followed by the type species, are based on cups and crowns as given in Section I. There are a number of unlisted columnal taxa from the literature that are indexed as genera recognized on cups and crowns. Bassler and Moodey (1943) did not index columnal taxa that were not new names or identified genera with the species unnamed. I have included some of the omissions of Bassler and Moodey, but have not made a search of the extensive literature specifically for the omitted citations because of time constraints. Many of these unlisted taxa are illustrated in the early state surveys of the eastern and central United States. Many of the columnal species assigned to genera based on cups or crowns are incorrect assignments. An uncertain, but significant, number of the columnal genera are synonyms of other columnal genera as they are based on different parts of the stem of a single taxon. Also a number of the columnal genera are synonyms of genera based on cups and crowns as they come from more distal parts of the stem not currently known to be associated with the cup or crown.
    [Show full text]
  • Geohydrology of the Weldon Spring Ordnance Works, St. Charles County, Missouri
    Geohydrology of the Weldon Spring Ordnance Works, St. Charles County, Missouri By DOUGLAS N. MUGEL U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4171 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Rolla, Missouri 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For addtional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services 1400 Independence Road Box 25286 Mail Stop 100 Federal Center Rolla, MO 65401 Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Abstract...........................................................................................~^ 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................^ 2 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Physical Setting of the Weldon Spring Ordnance Works ............................................................................................ 4 Previous Studies.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Approach ..................................................................................................................................................................^
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Oil Production in the Tuscola Area, Illinois
    124 KUItOfS GEOLOGICAL S SURVEY LIBRARY 14.GS: 4^ ^ CIR 424 :. 1 STATE OF ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION Geology and Oil Production in the Tuscola Area, Illinois H. M. Bristol Ronald Prescott ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY John C. Frye, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR 424 1968 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://archive.org/details/geologyoilproduc424bris GEOLOGY AND OIL PRODUCTION IN THE TUSCOLA AREA, ILLINOIS H. M. Bristol and Ronald Prescott ABSTRACT The Tuscola Anticline, in east-central Illinois, lies astride the complex LaSalle Anticlinal Belt and dips steeply westward into the Fairfield Basin and gradually eastward into the Murdock Syncline. The anticline is broken into two structural highs, the Hayes Dome and the Shaw Dome. Pleistocene sediments, 50 to 250 feet thick, cover the area. Pennsylvanian sediments cover much of the area, thinning to expose an inlier of Mississippian, Devonian, and Silurian rock north of Tuscola. The basal Cambrian for- mation, the Mt. Simon Sandstone, is penetrated by only two wells. Oil production from the Kimmswick (Trenton) com- menced in 1962 from the R. D. Ernest No. 1 Schweighart well, near Hayes, and as of January 1, 1968, approximately 30 wells were producing oil. Cumulative oil production as of January 1, 1968, is approximately 94,000 barrels. The potential pay zone is confined to the upper 5 to 100 feet of structure and to the upper 125 feet of the Kimmswick, whose permeability ranges from 0.1 to 2. millidarcys, av- eraging 0.6, and whose porosity ranges from 2 to 12 per- cent.
    [Show full text]
  • A.A.S.P. Newsletter
    A.A.S.P. NEWSLETTER Published Quarterly by the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Inc. December 2000 Volume 33, Number 4 Presidential address - 2000 AASP Meeting, Reno -3- Secretary -Treasurer report -6- Report of activities, 2000 AASP Annual Meeting -6- News from the UK -8- A new working group: Tropical Dinocysts -9- New members and address updates -9- Recieve your AASP newsletter electronically -11- AASP member missing in action -11- Book reviews -12- Announcements -19- Agenda -20- 1 A.A.S.P. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Inc. The American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists, Inc. - AASP - was established in 1967 by a group of 31 founding members to promote the science of palynology. Today AASP has a world-wide membership of about 800 and is run by an executive comprising an elected Board of Directors and subsidiary boards and committees. AASP welcomes new members. The AASP Foundation publishes the journal Palynology (annually), the AASP Newsletter (quarterly), and the AASP Contributions Series (mostly monographs, issued irregularly), as well as several books and miscellaneous items. AASP organises an Annual Meeting which usually includes a field trip, a business luncheon, social events, and technical sessions where research results are presented on all aspects of palynology. AASP Scientific Medal recipients Professor William R. Evitt (awarded 1982) AASP Board of Directors Award recipient Professor William G. Chaloner (awarded 1984) Dr. Robert T. Clarke (awarded 1994) Dr. Lewis E. Stover (awarded 1988) Dr. Graham Lee Williams (awarded 1996) Teaching medal recipients Dr. Hans Gocht (awarded 1996) Professor Aureal T. Cross (awarded 1999) AASP Honorary Members AASP Distinguished Service Award recipients Professor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • B2150-B FRONT Final
    Bedrock Geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri By W. John Nelson THE PADUCAH CUSMAP QUADRANGLE: RESOURCE AND TOPICAL INVESTIGATIONS Martin B. Goldhaber, Project Coordinator T OF EN TH TM E U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2150–B R I A N P T E E R D . I O S . R A joint study conducted in collaboration with the Illinois State Geological U Survey, the Indiana Geological Survey, the Kentucky Geological Survey, and the Missouri M 9 Division of Geology and Land Survey A 8 4 R C H 3, 1 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Mark Schaefer, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nelson, W. John Bedrock geology of the Paducah 1°×2° CUSMAP Quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Ken- tucky, and Missouri / by W. John Nelson. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 2150–B) (The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.3:2150–B 1. Geology—Middle West. I. Title. II. Series. III. Series: The Paducah CUSMAP Quadrangle, resource and topical investigations ; B QE75.B9 no. 2150–B [QE78.7] [557.3 s—dc21 97–7724 [557.7] CIP CONTENTS Abstract ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Faunas of the Boone Limestone
    . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR 598 FAUNAS OF THE BOONE LIMESTONE ST. JOE, ARKANSAS BY GEORGE H. GIRTY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 CONTENTS. Page. Lower part of the Boone limestone......................................... 5 Introduction.......................................................... 5 Coelenterata........................................................... 7 Bryozoa............................................................... 8 Brachiopoda.........,................................................. H Pelecypoda .......................................................... 20 Gastropoda............................................................ 21 Cephalopoda.......................................................... 22 Trilobita............................................................. 22 The St. Joe limestone member ............................................ 24 Introduction.......................................................... 24 Coelenterata........................................................... 28 Echinoderrnata....................................................... 30 Bryozoa............................................................... 30 Brachiopoda.......................................................... 33 Gastropoda............................................................ 42 Index................................................................... 49 ILLUSTRATIONS. Fagc. PLATES I-11.T. Fossils from the Boone limestone ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Des Moines County
    GEOLOGY OF DES MOINES COUNTY. CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES. 280. Rep. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY OF DES MOINES COUNTY. BY CHARLES ROLLIN KEYES. CONTENTS. Introduction... ..................... 413 Situation and Extent. .. .. 413 Previous 'Vork. ......................... 413 Physiography.. .. .. .. .. .. .. _. _. ........ 4 T4 Surface Relief.. ..... ..... ........ 4'4 Table of Altitudes ... .. - ........ 4[8 Drainage ... ........... 418 Stratigraphy .. • •••.•.•.. 420 General Geological Relations ... .• 420 Classification of Formations .. .. ·421 General Section ...... _.. _......... _............. _............ 421 Standard Sections..... ........... 422 I. Prospect Hill...... .......... 423 n. Augusta.. ..... _.......... _.. 423 III. Southwest Corner of County. ............ _.. 4?!4 IV. Southwest of Danville. ... _..... 424 Mississippi RiverSections .. .. 424 V. Huron Section ... ...••.......... 4Z5 VI. Dolbee Creek Section .. .426 vn. Oak Creek Section ....................... .. 4 26 VIII. Patterson Sections. ... 427 Skunk River Sections... 427 Flint River Sections... .. 428 X. KnoUy Creek . 429 XI. Big Hollow..... ............................ 429 XII. Pleasant Grove. .. .. 430 Geological Fonnations ... • .•..... 430 Mississippian Series .. 431 Kinderhook ....... 431 Correlation of Kinderhook ... ,6 4I1 412 GEOLOGY OF DES MOINES COUNTY, Userul Deposits ........................................... 438 Augusta ...................................................... 439 Lower Burlington.... .. ..... 440 Upper.Burlington................ ........•.......•......
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Resources of Fluorine in the United States
    Geology and Resources of Fluorine in the United States GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 933 COVER PHOTOGRAPHS 1. Asbestos ore 8. Aluminum ore, bauxite, Georgia 1 2 3 4 2. Lead ore, Balmat mine, N . Y. 9. Native copper ore, Keweenawan 5 6 3. Chromite-chromium ore, Washington Peninsula, Mich. 4. Zinc ore, Friedensville, Pa. 10. Porphyry molybdenum ore, Colorado 7 8 5. Banded iron-formation, Palmer, 11. Zinc ore, Edwards, N. Y. Mich. 12. Manganese nodules, ocean floor 9 10 6. Ribbon asbestos ore, Quebec, Canada 13. Botryoidal fluorite ore, Poncha Springs, Colo. 11 12 13 14 7. Manganese ore, banded rhodochrosite 14. Tungsten ore, North Carolina Geology and Resources of Fluorine in the United States Edited by DANIEL R. SHAWE With sections by D. R. SHAWE, R. E. VAN ALSTINE, R. G. WORL, A. V. HEYL, R. D. TRACE, R. L. PARKER, W. R. GRIFFITTS, C. L. SAINSBURY, and J. B. CATHCART GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 933 An evaluation of the geochemistry, geographic distribution, and geologic environments of fluorine, and descriptions of major United States fluorine mineral deposits UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 76-600061 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02901-4 APPRAISAL OF MINERAL RESOURCES Continuing appraisal of the mineral resources of the United States is conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in accordance with the provisions of the Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-631, Dec.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Interstate Highway 244 and 44 Exchange, Kirkwood, Missouri
    Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations 1965 The geology of the interstate highway 244 and 44 exchange, Kirkwood, Missouri John Neil Thomas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Department: Recommended Citation Thomas, John Neil, "The geology of the interstate highway 244 and 44 exchange, Kirkwood, Missouri" (1965). Masters Theses. 5338. https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses/5338 This thesis is brought to you by Scholars' Mine, a service of the Missouri S&T Library and Learning Resources. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE GEOLOGY OF THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 244 AND 44 INTERCHANGE, KIRKWOOD MISSOURI BY JOHN NEIL THOMAS A THESIS submitted to the faculty of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT ROLLA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE, GEOLOGY MAJOR Rolla, Missouri 1965 Approved by ~~ (advisor) ~.Ad~ ii ABSTRACT During the summer of 1964, construction was completed on the intersection of Interstate Highways 244, 44 and u.s. Highway 66, one mile southwest of Kirkwood, Missouri. Dur­ ing the construction of the interchange, numerous artificial exposures of rocks of the middle Mississippian Meramecian Series were exposed. This provided an excellent opportunity for examining fresh exposures near the type Meramecian Ser­ ies. The formations of the area were studied, and starti­ graphic sections were prepared from three of the more com­ plete sections that were measured and described. The high­ way cuts expose complete sections of the Warsaw and Salem formations, and the lower part of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock and Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems
    Frank O'Bannon, Governor Department of Natural Resources Resource Assessment 2002-6 Division of Water John Goss, Director Plate 5 Bedrock Aquifer Systems Unconsolidated Aquifer Systems The susceptibility of bedrock aquifer systems to surface contamination is dependant on the nature of the overlying sediments, because Regional estimates of aquifer susceptibility can differ considerably from local reality. Variations within geologic environments can cause the bedrock throughout the basin is overlain by unconsolidated deposits. Just as recharge for bedrock aquifers cannot exceed that of variation in susceptibility to surface contamination. Also, man-made structures such as poorly-constructed water wells, unplugged or overlying unconsolidated deposits, susceptibility to surface contamination will not exceed that of overlying deposits. However, because improperly-abandoned wells, and open excavations, can provide contaminant pathways which bypass the naturally-protective clays. the bedrock aquifer systems have complex fracturing systems, once a contaminant has been introduced into a basin bedrock aquifer system, it will be difficult to track. Ordovician -- Maquoketa group Mississippian -- Buffalo Wallow, Stephensport, and West Baden Groups Tipton Till Plain Aquifer System White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer System The Ordovician/Maquoketa Group Aquifer system consists of interbedded shales and limestones. Limestone, which constitutes This aquifer system is laterally discontinuous and has been truncated northward as a result of pre-Pennsylvanian erosion. It is composed The Tipton Till Plain Aquifer system contains intratill sand and gravel lenses that are highly variable in depth and lateral extent and The White River and Tributaries Outwash Aquifer system is comprised primarily of surficial valley train sand and gravel and occupies about 20 percent of the group, is most abundant in the upper part.
    [Show full text]