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(4)Frozen Dreams.Pdf Nonfiction MARCEL JANCOVIC/SHUTTERSTOCK.COM (DOGS) 4 STORYWORKS SEE OUR BEHIND- THE-SCENES VIDEO AT STORYWORKS DIGITAL Matthew Henson helped discover the North Pole. It would take many years for the world to discover him. By Lauren Tarshis | ARt by randy pollak UP CLOSE Author’s Purpose As you read, think about LOOK FOR WORD NERD’S why the author wrote this article and what she 7 WORDS IN BOLD wants you to know about Matthew Henson. t was April 3, 1909. An American Kingdom of Ice explorer named Matthew Henson Matthew Henson was born in 1866. In was trudging across the Arctic those times, people rarely traveled more Ocean. This was an ice-covered land than a few miles from where they were born. of brutal cold and blinding blizzards. There were no airplanes zooming across INo person could survive here for long. Even oceans. There were no cars or Google Maps. polar bears stayed away. Parts of the world were still unknown. But Henson was excited. In a few days, One place in particular remained he hoped to achieve his dream of being unreachable: the North Pole. It sits in the one of the first people to set foot on the middle of the Arctic Ocean, which is mostly North Pole. covered in floating ice. The closest land is Henson put his head down and pushed Greenland, an island more than 500 miles against the fierce wind. Suddenly, he lost away. his balance. The ice beneath him wobbled, The native people of Greenland, called and he tumbled into the ocean. The the Inuit, did not dare go near the North frigid water hit his skin like millions Pole. They believed the area was cursed by of needles. a demon that lived under the ice. And the The water seemed to grab him and Arctic is indeed cursed—by weather that is pull him down. Henson had spent nearly colder and stormier than almost anywhere 20 years trying to get to the North Pole. on Earth. And now it seemed it would all end here, In the 1500s, European explorers began in the icy blackness of the Arctic Ocean. sailing into the “kingdom of ice.” They STORYWORKS.SCHOLASTIC.COM • FEBRUARY 2020 5 If you’d been an Arctic explorer . You would’ve slept in igloos, round shelters made from blocks of packed snow that the Inuit taught explorers how to build. They’re not very You would’ve eaten warm, but they protect you You would’ve been very meals of hard biscuits from the harsh weather. thirsty. Although the and pemmican, a Arctic is covered in snow survival food invented and ice, melting it in your by Native people. It’s mouth would’ve made you made of dried and dangerously cold. For the mashed meat, berries, whole trip, you would’ve and slow-cooked fat. drunk warm tea. searched for ocean routes from Europe and became a skilled sailor and carpenter. to Asia—the Northwest and Northeast At age 18, Henson returned to Passages. Washington, D.C., and looked for a good More than 100 men died trying to find job. But most white business owners them. Their ships were crushed by thick slabs wouldn’t hire African Americans. The best of ice that drift across the Arctic. Sailors job Henson could find was who escaped soon died in temperatures that stocking shelves in a hat dropped to 60 degrees below zero. Even with store. these dangers, adventurers still wanted to One day, a tall man came explore the Arctic. into the store. His name was Robert Peary, and he was an A chance Meeting engineer in the U.S. Navy. Robert Peary Matthew Henson probably didn’t hear Peary was going on a Navy much about the Arctic when he was growing expedition to a jungle in Central America. up in Washington, D.C. By the age of 13, He was looking for a cabin boy. Henson was an orphan. As an African American, he faced cruel racism that was Fierce Ambitions common throughout America at the time. Peary was impressed by Henson’s At 13, he walked 40 miles to Baltimore, experience at sea. He offered Henson the hoping to get a job as a sailor. There, he job. Of course, Henson was capable of convinced a ship captain to hire him far more. But he accepted Peary’s as a cabin boy—the lowliest job offer. Little did he know how this on a ship. Henson sailed around decision would change his life— the world. He learned to read and history. ILLUSTRATIONS BY STEVE.STANKIEWICZ; PHOTOCELL/SHUTTERSTOCK.COM (PAPER); ANA-MARIA TEGZES/ SHUTTERSTOCK.COM (PEMMICAN); ISTOCKPHOTO/GETTY IMAGES (IGLOO, TEA); AP (ROBERT PEARY) 6 STORYWORKS If you’d been an Arctic explorer . You would’ve You would’ve You might’ve gotten traveled using worn clothes frostbite, which is sledges (extra- hand sewn by when your skin and sturdy sled) loaded Inuit women. A the tissue underneath with hundreds of fur jacket with a freeze. Severe frostbite pounds of supplies. thick hood, polar can make the affected Each sledge was bearskin pants, area go numb, harden, pulled by several and sealskin turn black, and die. strong dogs. boots stuffed with grass kept you warm. Peary had great ambitions. As a white Blubber and Blood man, he had many chances to make his Henson and Peary set sail for Greenland dreams come true. And Peary had big in June 1891 with four other men and Peary’s dreams. More explorers were racing to be wife, Josephine. One month later, they the first to reach the North Pole. The came ashore and set up camp near winner of this race would become a bay. As planned, the ship sailed famous. Peary decided that man away. It would return in one year should be him. to pick them up. When he and Henson returned They had made it to the from Central America, Peary began Arctic. But they were still 700 planning for a yearlong trip to northern miles from the North Pole. Getting Greenland, the land closest to the North there would mean weeks of trekking through Pole. He wanted Henson to come along as killing cold and harsh blizzards. his “manservant.” To survive, they would need help from Peary knew how much more Henson Arctic experts: Inuit people. The Inuit were could do. On the Central American trip, skilled ice fishermen and hunters of arctic Henson had taken on difficult jobs, working animals like seals, walruses, and polar bears. alongside Navy engineers. But Peary would They did not waste a single scrap of an never see past the color of Henson’s skin. animal. They ate the meat and blubber and No matter what Henson did, he was never often drank the blood. They made clothes treated as an equal. from skins and furs and carved bones into Henson must have been embittered by tools. this unfairness. But he couldn’t say no to a The team spent the first months in ESPEN SOLVIK KRISTIANSEN/SHUTTERSTOCK.COM (BACKGROUND); BERKSHIRE MUSEUM/ART EVANS (SLEDGE, FUR OUTFIT); IMAGES & STORIES/ALAMY STOCK PHOTO (FROSTBITE) chance to see more of the world. Greenland, where they prepared food and STORYWORKS.SCHOLASTIC.COM • FEBRUARY 2020 7 Henson and Peary’s Final Polar l e i r c c C t i Expedition r c (1908-1909) A Arctic Ocean North Pole Henson and Peary’s final sled trail Cape Columbia GREENLAND H enson a n d P e ar y’ s B oa t R ou te CANADA Pacific Atlantic Ocean Ocean UNITED STATES New York other supplies. Peary hired Inuit women to disasters. They got lost in blizzards and sew them fur clothing and sealskin moccasins, nearly starved. which didn’t freeze and split open in the cold On one trip, Peary’s feet became so like leather boots did. frostbitten that eight of his toes snapped During this time, Henson began to make off. Peary would have lost both his feet, friends with the Inuit people they met. Unlike but Henson pushed him back to camp on a Peary, Henson learned their language and sled—a journey that took 11 days. joined their celebrations. Henson’s Inuit Even with all these troubles, Peary friends taught him how to hunt and ice fish. became famous. Newspapers ran stories They taught Henson to drive a dogsled pulled about his daring adventures. Henson by a team of eight dogs. No other American was rarely mentioned, except as Peary’s or European explorers had these kinds of “manservant.” skills. Yet Henson was determined to get to the Pole. And in 1909, on their blizzards and Frostbite sixth trip to the Arctic, it seemed In the coming years, Peary and their dream was about to come Henson would make five more trips true. to the Arctic. They faced many near On April 3, they were ILLUSTRATIONS BY STEVE.STANKIEWICZ; SHUTTERSTOCK.COM (PAPER) 8 STORYWORKS pushing across the ice. Henson was From the leading the way along with four Inuit Shadows men. They were about 150 miles from In the l e i r c c C the North Pole. following years, t i r c A Henson was Minutes from Death admired by many Arctic Ocean But then came the moment when African Americans. But North Pole Henson and Peary’s final sled trail Henson slipped and tumbled into the frigid history books mostly ignored Henson’s Cape Columbia Arctic waters. Death comes within minutes achievements and those of most nonwhite in water that cold.
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