Study on the Negative Effects of Morphodynamic Activities of Wind on the Khezer Abad Area of Yazd Province, Iran

International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Special Issue3-April, 2016, pp329-334 http://www.bipublication.com Research Article Study on the Negative Effects of Morphodynamic Activities of Wind on the Khezer Abad Area of Yazd Province, Iran Mohammad Taher Nezami Department of Soil Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj,iran. [email protected] ABSTRACT Any study on the climate abnormalities and anomalies defined as distancing from normal conditions in terms of time and space, is regarded as a significant and prominent action, if we consider desertification as the damages to land at arid, semi-arid and wet areas as a result of climate changes and human activities. The short term abnormalities and variations in any region cannot have an intense impact on the desert conditions and as the short terms conditions are being quenched, like drought, the climate conditions will be improved. So, all the involved ecosystems of other areas will be recovered gradually to their initial state. The reoccurrence of these anomalies and climate changes can be risk and dangerous in the long terms period. Hence, the perception of these changes and variations are regarded so important in order to prepare an appropriate plan for dealing with consequences and regulating the human activities, especially in the sensitive and vulnerable areas. In doing so, climate processes which play a role in intensifying the desert conditions of the region, were analyzed and studied based on the parameters including temperature, rainfalls and long terms data at synoptic station of Yazd and field studies. The finding indicate that changes in the afore-mentioned components contribute to desert conditions and intensify these conditions due to the human activities via excessive use of water resources and vegetation. Keywords: Drought, Sand Storms, Khezerabad, Wet and Dry Periods INTRODUCTION So far, more than one hundred countries are human activities rank the highest impact on the being steeped with desertification problem formation of desertification and they increase including developing countries, like Iran. This the pace of desertification in various areas. The phenomena is not merely confined to the arid or human agent not only damages the semi-arid areas, we can observe its occurrence environment, but also he stimulates and in the semi-wet regions of the earth. amplifies the natural agents such weather This phenomena includes a series of processes abnormalities in the desertification owing to the which are originated from natural factors and climate. These variations and abnormalities harmful human activities in the nature. The originating from distancing of climate abnormalities are defined as the land conditions within time and location from a long potentiality decline due to a single or multiple term normal conditions, may have an impact on various processes, such as wind and water the creation of difficult ecological conditions erosion, destruction of plant community, water and underline the intensification of human resources and soil salinization, which are also activities impact on the desertification. Human intensified as a result of human and being endangers the natural resources via environmental activities. It is worth noting that implementation of inappropriate agricultural Study on the Negative Effects of Morphodynamic Activities of Wind on the Khezer Abad Area of Yazd Province, Iran techniques, deforestation, polluting the water cultivation of different plants, like Haloxylon, and soil resources and changes in the land use. Atriplex and Mulch. So far, about more than 13 percent of world Review of Literature forests and vegetation have become deserts and The first and pioneer commission of watershed over 30 percent of earth plant's resources are and soil conservation of Iran was established in exposed to the risk of desertification. While, 1962. They launched and conducted their about 20 percent of world population inhabit in studies on the Albaji Hills of Khuzestan with these areas. During every year, the mentioned scale of 40 hectares, since October of 1960. phenomena converts about 21 million hectares The serious researches were initiated since of the fertile lands to non-fertile ones and the 1962, and it was in 1971 that the study remains (about 6 million hectares) become coverage encompassed 10 provinces. In 1962, useless. Desertification becomes more intense, the desert greening research were carried out in especially in areas with high potentiality, hence 10 provinces of Iran. Over the recent years, a it is will be so helpful to cope and deal with it comprehensive studies and researches have in the areas suffering from desertification. We been launched by Forest and Vegetation can presents a series of solution and appropriate Organization, Cattle Breeding Research Center management methods in order to decline the and Research Center for Desert Areas (Nateghi, intensity of the phenomena and hinder its 2001). The first activity and operation focused propagation. on evaluation and mapping of desertification For achieving the purpose, first we should be was conducted by UNESCO. cognizant of the desertification processes, This study endeavored to gain a better intensifying factors, its intensity and poor rate, perception of the complex problems of so we can offer and present an appropriate desertification of the regions which were model for desertification control. The exposed to desertification during 1977. The desertification phenomena as a decline of method of susceptibility analysis of the various natural ecosystems and decrease in the potential world regions to the desertification was based capabilities of rid and semi-wet areas has led to on the Modalus project presented by European its realization in different forms within various commission in 1999. Unfortunately, the regions of the world. The intensity of national scholars has paid less heed to this desertification within developing countries is so method, while it seems important to provide an high, compared to other world zones. The overview on the method pros and cons, and its factors which have an impact on the decline of high accuracy, compared to other methods. The capabilities of the mentioned regions are as main mechanism of this model is based on the follows: environmental climate factors, criteria, including quality of climate, soil, geomorphology factors, water and soil vegetation and management. It assigns a weight resources, overgrazing, excessive use of to layers effective in desertification and sources by inhabitants, use of salty water in employs geometric average instead of agricultural activities, urban and rural sprawl. numerical averages for index calculation. This Yazd province with 50 percent desert area and method surpasses other ones, not only due its desert and sandy land of 649110 hectares, is accuracy and low evaluation and mapping time, among ten provinces of Iran which has but also due to the minimization of experts' undergone desert greening operations by faults. Natural Resources Office of Yazd province, since 1971.This operation was initially MATERIALS AND METHODS commenced in the Rastag village of the 7% of the total area of the country of this / 131 province mainly for coping with sand invasion. km and have 98 / Yazd vast country with an About 3000 hectares of desert fields and sand area of 551 third province after Sistan and dunes were restored and stabilized via Baluchestan and Kerman. The province is Mohammad Taher Nezami 330 Study on the Negative Effects of Morphodynamic Activities of Wind on the Khezer Abad Area of Yazd Province, Iran located in central Iran, and between 56. This Increase in weather dryness, decrease in soil 52 to 32 33 North and longitude 45 29 to resistance and destruction of plant cover in 35 latitudes 48 is associated with provinces natural form and originating from human of the North West province of Semnan, from activities, reduction of groundwater table and the West, the South West, the South and East of soil dryness. the province and from East to South Khorasan Changes in Climate Index as an alarm of province and the north and northeast Khorasan. Desertification in Yazd-Ardakan Desert North and latitudes 49 42 32 31 487 to Ekhtesasi et al. (2008) opted Yazd-Ardakan Khezer Abad region located between latitudes Desert as their case study and investigated the 54 East with over Totaling area of 12930 long term climate variation during 50 years hectares, in West Yazd is located in the period. They divided this period into two 25 southeastern region of Meybod city 53. The years periods and scrutinized the conditions in watershed division of the province, this small the form of moving average from 1954 till part of the catchment area large Yazd - is 2004. Ardekan and the political subdivisions of a They focused on the changes in precipitation section of the city is Saduq. and temperature. The obtained results of data Climate Criteria used for Iran Desert analysis refer to the fact that the amount of The main criteria used for gaining a perception precipitation during the first 25 years was 62 of Iran deserts are as follows: sparse and erratic mm, which was declined to below 61 mm rainfall with intensity variations during a year, during the second half of 50 years. Moreover, absolute temperature over 40 ° C, evaporation the temperature is raised from 18 degrees to 19 rate 15 to 20 times the annual rainfall, the ratio degrees, during the second half of the period of of annual precipitation to potential 50 years. These variations were analyzed in evapotranspiration of less than 3% based on the terms of Domarten Moisture index and it was formula suggested by UNESCO, relative deduced that the climate conditions of the humidity greater than 80% for coastal region should be considered as a harbinger of wilderness and 15 to 20% for internal deserts, desertification phenomena. Yazd province with severe wind erosion and formation of sandy centers of wind erosion and due to the climate hills, water erosion and flooding.

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