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Avicennia : Revista De Ecología, Oceanología Y Biodiversidad Tropical

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Avicennia : Revista De Ecología, Oceanología Y Biodiversidad Tropical Revista de Ecología, Oceanología y Biodiversidad Ttopical Avicennia Revista de Biodiversidad Tropical COMITÉ EDITORIAL Universidad de Oviedo Dr. Jesús Ortea Dr. Germán Flor Instituto de Oceanología Dr. Roberto Pérez Dr. José Espinosa Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Dr. Pedro Pérez Avicennia se puede obtenerpor intercambio con otras publicaciones de contenido simi- lar o por suscripción. COMITE DE REVISION Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Precio de la suscripción anual: Dr. Luis F. de Armas Chaviano 27 € (España) Dr. Hiram González. 35 € (otros países) Instituto de Oceanología Dr. Pedro M. Alcolado Menéndez Precio de cada suplemento: Dr. Rodolfo Claro Madruga 27€ (España) Dr. Arsenio José Areces Mallea Dr. José Espinosa Sáez. 35 € (otros países) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Gastos de envío incluidos. Dr. Giraldo Alayón Dr. Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo La correspondencia debe ser enviada a: Centro de Investigaciones Marinas U. H. Dr. Jesús Ortea Dra. Ana María Suárez Dep. de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas Dr. Gaspar González Sansón Laboratorio de Zoología Dr. Manuel Ortiz Touzet Universidad de Oviedo 33075 Oviedo. Asturias. España. Publicación realizada dentro del Convenio de Colaboración entre la Universidad de Oviedo y el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Me- dio Ambiente de Cuba Copyright © The Editors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electric or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Resúmenes de los artículos editados en AVICENNIA se publican en Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) y en Zoological Records, BIOSIS. Premio Marqués de Valdecilla 2003 a la Cooperación Medioambiental con Iberoamérica Dep. Leg. AS - 199/94 ISNN 1134- 1785 Secretaría de edición [email protected] Manuel Caballer Diseño y Maquetación: Jesús Ortea y Manuel Caballer Impreso en Loredo S. L. — Gijón 3 ÍNDICE Avicennia, 16, Diciembre de 2003 El Mar: fuente de nuevos fármacos Anoland Garateix y Abel Aneiros 1 Compuestos de origen marino como instrumentos para el estudio del sistema nervioso Anoland Garateix, Teidy García, Emilio Salceda y Enrique Soto 6 Bunodosoma granulifera: fuente de péptidos con acción sobre canales iónicos Anoland Garateix, Emilio Salceda, Abel Aneiros y Enrique Soto 1 Compuestos de origen marino con actividad antiinflamatoria Mirtha Llamo y Miguel D. Fernandez 22 Búsqueda de actividades antiinflamatoria, analgésica y antioxidante en algunas algas de las costas cubanas Mirtha Llanio, Miguel D. Fernandez, Olga Valdés-Iglesias, Carla Delporte, Nadine Backhouse, Ignacio Hernández, Betty Cabrera, Cecilia Díaz y Yoania Cabranes 26 Propiedades anti-inflamatoria-analgésica y antioxidante de una planta marina Miguel D. Fernandez, Mirtha Llanio, Félix Arteaga, Federico Dajas, Carolina Echeverry, Margot Ferreira, Ignacio Hernández, Betty Cabrera, María Rodríguez y Abel Aneiros 31 Macroalgas de la plataforma insular cubana como fuente de extractos bioactivos Olga Valdés-Iglesias, Nereida Díaz, Yoania Cabranes, Martha E. Acevedo, Arsenio J. Are- ces, Lourdes Grana, Cecilia Díaz 36 Selección de una bacteria marina productora de tensioactivos e identificación de su naturaleza química Eudalys Ortiz, Mario Villaverde, Roberto Nuñez, Vivían Almazan, Yoania Cabranes, Tá- mara García y Roberto Rodríguez Roque 46 El género Mellita (Echinodermata: Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) de las costas de México Francisco Alonso Solis-Marin, Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras, Alicia de La Luz Duran-Gon- zalez y Blanca Estela Buitrón Sánchez 55 Una especie nueva de anfípodo anquialino del género Socarnopsis (Amphipoda, Lysianassidae) del sistema cavernario de Playa Girón, Cuba Manuel Ortiz, Alfredo Garcia-Debras y Rogelio Lalana 71 Nuevos copépodos e isópodos (Crustácea), parásitos de peces del Archipiélago Cubano, con la descripción de una nueva especie de copépodo Manuel Ortiz, Rogelio Lalana y Eggy Suarez 78 Nuevos registros de polillas (Lepidoptera) para Cuba Rayner Nuñez Águila '. 83 La superfamilia Limacoidea (Mollusca: Pulmonata) en Cuba David Maceira F. y Teresa Rodríguez L 91 A new species of terrestrial isopod (Oniscidea: Delatorreidae) from Cuba Augusto Juarrero de Varona y Luis F. de Armas 97 Una nueva especie de Eubranchus Forbes, 1838 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) de las Islas Galápagos Jesús Ortea, Manuel Caballer y Juan José Bacallado 103 Nuevos caracteres anatómicos de Doto cabecar Ortea, 2001 (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) Jesús Ortea y Manuel Caballer 107 Adiciones al Catálogo de Moluscos del Mar Caribe de Costa Rica: desde Cahuita hasta Gandoca José Espinosa 1 y Jesús Ortea 113 Descripción de dos nuevas especies del género Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Margine- llidae) del Caribe y el Pacífico de Costa Rica Julio Magaña, José Espinosa y Jesús Ortea 121 Nuevos Aeolidaceos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de Costa Rica Jesús Ortea, Manuel Caballer y José Espinosa 129 Nuevas especies de moluscos marinos (Mollusca: Gastropoda) del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes, Pinar del Rio, Cuba José Espinosa 1 y Jesús Ortea 143 Notas breves: Cuatro nuevos registros de homópteros (Homoptera: Auchencha) for Cuba Marta M. Hidalgo-Gato y R. Rodriguez-Leon 157 Correcciones al Catálogo de Moluscos del Mar Caribe de Costa Rica: desde Cahuita hasta Gandoca José Espinosa, Jesús Ortea y Frank González 159 Avicennia, 2003, 16: 1-5 EL MAR: FUENTE DE NUEVOS FÁRMACOS THE SEA SOURCE OF NEW DRUGS Anoland Garateix y Abel Aneiros Departamento de Bioactivos y Productos Naturales Marinos, Instituto de Oceanología, CITMA,. Loma y 37. Alturas del Vedado. La Habana, Cuba Resumen: El ecosistema marino constituye una fuente poco explotada y de enormes perspectivas para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. La biodiversidad de las especies marinas junto a la variabilidad química encontrada en cada especie, constituye un recurso prácticamente ilimi- tado que puede ser utilizado con el propósito de desarrollar y diseñar nuevos fármacos de aplicación en la terapéutica médica. Abstract: Marine ecosystem represents an unexploited and very promising source for the deve- lopment of new medicines. The biodiversity of marine species and its chemical diversity constitutes a practically unlimited resource that could be used with the purpose to develop and design new drugs in the medical therapy. Palabras claves: bioactivos marinos, biodiversidad química. Key words: marine bioactives, chemical biodiversity. INTRODUCCIÓN Los organismos marinos se encuentran sometidos al enorme desafío que significa la lu- cha por imponerse y sobrevivir en un medio de grandes enfrentamientos y condiciones ad- versas. Como plantea Darías (1998), la necesidad de estos organismos de desarrollarse y sobrevivir en un medio muy competitivo por los recursos y los nutrientes ha propiciado el desarrollo de mecanismos bioquímicos y fisiológicos que les permita producir compues- tos bioactivos para múltiples propósitos, tales como protegerse a sí mismos de enferme- dades virales, hongos patógenos y depredadores o para otras funciones como la comuni- cación y la reproducción. La biodiversidad de las especies marinas junto a la diversidad química encontrada en cada especie, constituye un recurso prácticamente ilimitado que puede ser empleado para el desarrollo de nuevos compuestos de interés para investigaciones biomédicas, industria médico-farmacéutica, de los cosméticos etc. Uno de los mecanismos más sofisticados y específicos que han desarrollado los or- ganismos marinos para dar respuesta a sus necesidades vitales lo constituyen las toxinas. Debido a que estos compuestos existen en la naturaleza para propósitos específicos (ofensivos, defensivos, delimitación de territorios) no es sorprendente que exhiban pro- piedades biológicas de interés. 1 Garateix, A. y Aneiros, A. En la búsqueda de tales propiedades las encuestas a grupos étnicos y los escritos his- tóricos o etnológicos pueden ofrecer datos de gran valor acerca de las potencialidades de los diversos organismos marinos; no obstante, este proceder excluye aquellas especies de posible interés inaccesibles a los grupos nativos. Otra forma de enfrentar esta problemática es usando la biotoxicidad como un indica- dor de actividad biológica que, como tal, aporta evidencias útiles sobre algunas propiedades farmacológicas. Las biotoxinas proporcionan una gran variedad de compuestos con es- tructuras moleculares novedosas o poco conocidas, susceptibles de ser sintetizadas o ma- nipuladas para la obtención de productos útiles. El uso de las biotoxinas capaces de ejer- cer efectos específicos ofrece múltiples posibilidades como instrumentos moleculares en diferentes investigaciones fisiológicas así como en la búsqueda de nuevas sustancias po- tencialmente utilizables como fármacos. Nos encontramos ante un campo de grandes perspectivas: los océanos cubren tres cuartas partes del planeta y en ellos viven la gran mayoría de especies animales y vegetales. Además, la potencialidad del mar como fuente de nuevos compuestos aún está por ex- plorar (Carté, 1996). La condiciones a las que están sometidos los organismos marinos unido al hecho de que han seguido una trayectoria evolutiva diferente a los terrestres provoca que sinteticen moléculas que no tienen equivalencia con las anteriores. La composición química de cada especie depende de las características externas e in- ternas a las que está sometido el organismo en cuestión. Factores ambientales tales como la temperatura del agua, salinidad, turbidez,
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