DOCSLIB.ORG

Custodial Ergonomics to Modify Training Procedures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Custodial Ergonomics to Modify Training Procedures 1 A SIMPLIFIED, QUALITATIVE STRATEGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS AND SELECTION OF SOLUTIONS: CONTROL BANDING EEN VEREENVOUDIGDE KWALITATIEVE METHODE OM BEROEPSGEBONDEN RISICO’S TE BEPALEN EN OPLOSSINGEN TE SELECTEREN: CONTROL BANDING Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof.ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 22 december om 10.00 uur door David Mark ZALK Masters of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley geboren te Boston, Massachusetts, Verenigde Staten 2 Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: Prof.dr. A. R. Hale Copromotor Dr. P.H.J.J. Swuste Samenstelling promotiecommissie: Rector Magnificus, voorzitter Prof.dr. A.R. Hale, Delft University of Technology, promoter Dr. P.H.J.J. Swuste, Delft University of Technology, copromotor Prof.dr P.Vink, Delft University of Technology Prof.dr. F.J,H, van Dijk, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center Prof.dr.ir. A. Burdorf, Erasmus University, Rotterdam Prof. M.P. Guillemin, Lausanne University, Switzerland Dr. P.W. Johnson, University of Washington, USA ISBN 978-1-4507-4664-6 This work performed, in part, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-BOOK-461828 3 A simplified, qualitative strategy for the assessment of occupational risks and selection of solutions: Control Banding by David M. Zalk 4 Het volmaakte is de vijand van het goede. The perfect is the enemy of the good. 2010, D.M. Zalk Cover photograph by D.M. Zalk Cover photo: Shipbreaking in South Africa All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission of the rightful claimant(s). This restriction concerns the entire publication or any part of it. 5 FOREWORD L‘chayim! In Hebrew it is a toast that means ―to life‖ and is said when drinking to a person‘s health or well-being. As the completion of this thesis is indeed a celebration, it is important to give thanks to all those who have given assistance to get me to this milestone. Of course, I am grateful to Andrew Hale my promoter and Paul Swuste, my good friend and instigator, for his guidance. I would especially like to thank my parents and brother. To my mother, Sophia, for paving the way for this opportunity by being an example of excellence and having full faith in my potential. To my father, Bertram, for his inspiring me to make a difference in the world. To my brother, Reuven, for his bringing smiles to those around him as well as his religious inspiration to the family. I would also like to thank my father-in-law, Dr. Marvin Kirsh, for his strong and continual support and my late mother-in-law, Helen Kirsh, for her eternal optimism for my potential to succeed. This effort could not have been accomplished without my friends and colleagues, both at LLNL and around the world, who have helped throughout this journey and whom I always feel blessed to have in my life. I would especially like to thank Paul Oldershaw for his groundbreaking Control Banding vision and Berenice Goelzer for her longstanding support and encouragement for keeping things simple on behalf of the world‘s workers. Thanks to the International Occupational Hygiene Association for their support of Control Banding globally. Much of the US Control Banding work could not have been done without the help of the Control Bandits, with a special thanks to my longstanding partner in crime Deborah Imel Nelson. Then there‘s my best work ever, my three boys. To Joshua, whose strength to overcome obstacles is an inspiration; Jacob, whose humor and compassion are endless; and Jesse, my loving baby bear and dancing machine. Of course, no great work can be built without a solid foundation. My wife Janice is indeed that foundation, the love of my life. She has given me undying support, through highs and lows, and encompassing all things important to me. She is the laugh that breeds smiles and an amazing mother to my boys. However, the real inspiration for this thesis is all the workers who have taught me how to be a better professional and human being. This is especially true for all the workers I have not met, and will not meet, whose daily efforts put them at unnecessary risk. They do this so they can go home to their families and put bread on their table. In the Talmud it is said ―saving one life is like saving the entire world‖; this is the essence of preventing worker exposures to unnecessary risks and the cornerstone of my dedication to completing this thesis. To the over 2.5 billion workers who have never seen a health and safety professional, I offer the efforts of my work and a heartfelt L‘chayim! 6 CONTENTS LIST CHAPTERS Chapter 1 Introduction 8 Chapter 2 History and evolution of control banding: a review. Published: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16 Chapter 3 Examination and evaluation of custodial ergonomics to modify training procedures. Published: Professional Safety 39 Chapter 4 Evaluating the control banding nanotool: a qualitative risk assessment method for controlling nanoparticle exposures. Published: Journal of Nanoparticle Research 49 Chapter 5 Review of qualitative approaches for the construction industry; designing a risk management toolbox. Submitted: Annals of Occupational Hygiene 69 Chapter 6 Risk level based management system: a control banding model for occupational health and safety risk management in a highly regulated environment. Published: Industrial Health 88 Chapter 7 Barrier Banding: a concept for safety solutions utilizing control banding principles. Submitted: Safety Science 102 Chapter 8 Discussion and Concluding Remarks 117 APPENDICES Appendix A Application of a pilot control banding tool for risk level assessment and control of nanoparticle exposures. Published: Annals of Occupational Hygiene 123 Appendix B Grassroots ergonomics: initiating an ergonomics program utilizing participatory techniques. Published: Annals of Occupational Hygiene 137 Appendix C Participatory Occupational Hygiene; a path to practical solutions. Published: Asian-Pacific Newsletter 145 Appendix D IOHA/ICOH Declaration on Occupational Hygiene. Published: Asian-Pacific Newsletter 147 Appendix E – Carpenter shop wood dust control - practical experience to reduce hardwood dust exposures below the ACGIH TLV. Published: Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 151 ACRONYM GLOSSARY 168 REFERENCES 170 SUMMARY 183 CURRICULUM VITAE 184 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Control Banding and Solutions Around the world there are 2.8 billion workers. Due to occupational risk annually there are 2.3 million deaths, 270 million non-fatal injuries, and 160 million work-related diseases for the global workforce (Takala 2010; ILO 2005a; Fingerhut et al., 2005). These injuries and illnesses cost more then 5% of the worldwide Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (ILO 2005b). To assist in identifying solutions toward preventing these injuries and illnesses for the 2.8 billion workers globally, World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, at best, 10 – 15% of these workers have access to a basic standard of occupational health services (WHO 2003). Therefore, approximately 2.5 billion of the world‘s workers do not have access to occupational safety, health, and hygiene (OSHH) professionals and their ability to address and reduce occupational risks that lead to the occurrence of work-related illnesses, diseases, and safety-related accidents and injuries is very limited. The multidisciplinary risks that workers face, as well as the adverse outcomes that often result, are well understood in the OSHH scientific literature. What has been lacking in this literature is a simplified strategy for delivering solutions to the 2.5 billion workers facing unnecessary occupational risks on a daily basis. In the not too distant past international experts were in agreement that the scarcity of solutions within the OSHH scientific literature was an issue requiring improvement (Swuste 1996, Roelofs et al. 2003). In recent years a strategy for qualitative occupational risk management (ORM) has gained international attention and has provided a robust framework for improvement (Nelson and Zalk 2010). This strategy, known as Control Banding, offers a simplified approach for reducing work-related risks. The objective of Control Banding is to develop a qualitative risk assessment that stratifies a given workplace hazard across -usually- four levels or ‗bands‘ of risk that are placed in a risk matrix, using four risk levels of severity on one axis and the probability of outcome on the other axis, with the outcome (intersecting point from the two axes) leading directly to control solutions. This means that there is an opportunity to deliver preventive methods to reduce occupational risks for workers lacking access to OSHH experts. This success with Control Banding and its solutions-based focus has also presented a quandary in the world of the occupational hygiene sciences, where quantification is historically king. Control Banding uses a less rigid, qualitative approach, since even some of the long considered state-of-the-art, literature-based scientific findings OSHH professionals rely on change on a regular basis. In this respect the European Union (EU) is learning cutting edge Control Banding lessons from India and the United States (US) is being educated by recent Control Banding developments in Chile (Fingerhut 2008). It is Control Banding‘s simplification in reducing work-related exposures, and changing the science of quantitative risk assessment to the art and science of qualitative risk assessment, that is redefining ORM. However, within this simplification is the fundamental question of whether Control Banding can achieve risk reduction comparable to quantitative methods. The success of Control Banding did not occur in isolation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Control Banding in the Pharmaceutical Industry
    CONTROL BANDING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY BRUCE D. NAUMANN, Ph.D., DABT Merck & Co., Inc. Summary The pharmaceutical industry embraced the concept of control banding many years ago. Control banding is a process of assigning a compound to a hazard category that corresponds to a range of airborne concentrations – and the engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment – needed to ensure safe handling. While the terminology used was different, the high potency of some pharmaceutical compounds required the use of alternatives to setting numerical occupational exposure limits (OELs), e.g., performance-based exposure control limits (PB-ECLs) or occupational exposure bands (OEBs), especially for early development compounds with limited information. The long experience in setting OELs for active pharmaceutical ingredients, and the myriad of engineering solutions required to achieve these internal exposure standards, paved the way for a more performance-based approach. Enrolment criteria were developed that were more descriptive than the prescriptive risk phrases used in the UK’s COSHH Essentials. The latter do not adequately address the types of effects potentially produced by pharmaceuticals, especially highly potent compounds. Internal experts are available in pharmaceutical companies to interpret the preclinical and clinical data for new drug products, including those with novel therapeutic mechanisms, against technical enrolment criteria that require more professional judgment. The range of concentrations covered by control bands used in the industry is fairly consistent and generally reflects full log intervals. The boundaries differ slightly in some cases because verification studies have identified different break points for various new control technologies employed. There are also “semantic” differences in how control bands are named – most use numbers but these may point to different ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualitative Risk Characterization and Management of Occupational Hazards: Control Banding (CB) a Literature Review and Critical Analysis
    Qualitative Risk Characterization and Management of Occupational Hazards: Control Banding (CB) A Literature Review and Critical Analysis DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition, citations to Web sites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these Web sites. Ordering Information To receive documents or other information about occupational safety and health topics, contact NIOSH at Telephone: 1–800–CDC–INFO (1–800–232–4636) TTY: 1–888–232–6348 E-mail: [email protected] or visit the NIOSH Web site at www.cdc.gov/niosh. For a monthly update on news at NIOSH, subscribe to NIOSH eNews by visiting www.cdc.gov/niosh/eNews. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2009–152 August 2009 SAFER • HEALTHIER • PEOPLE™ ii FOREWORD When the U.S. Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–596), it established the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Through the Act, Congress charged NIOSH with recommending occupational safety and health standards and describing exposure levels that are safe for various periods of employment, including but not limited to the exposures at which no worker will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her work experience. NIOSH communicates recommended standards to regulatory agencies (including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]), health professionals in academic institutions, industry, organized labor, public interest groups, and others in the occupational safety and health community through criteria documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Nanomaterials Risk Assessment in the Process Industries: Evaluation and Application of Current Control Banding Methods
    949 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS The Italian Association VOL. 31, 2013 of Chemical Engineering Online at: www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Eddy De Rademaeker, Bruno Fabiano, Simberto Senni Buratti Copyright © 2013, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l., ISBN 978-88-95608-22-8; ISSN 1974-9791 Nanomaterials Risk Assessment in the Process Industries: Evaluation and Application of Current Control Banding Methods Dominique Fleurya, Guillaume Fayeta, Alexis Vignesa, François Henrya,b, Emeric a Frejafon a INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France b LRGP – CNRS – UPR 3349, ENSIC 1 Rue Grandville, 54000, Nancy, France [email protected] Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field and industrial developments are more and more challenged by potential health and safety risks pertaining to manufactured nanomaterials. This matter is far from being solved due to the current lack of reliable data addressing occupational safety as well as environmental field. In this context, the Control Banding (CB) approach appears particularly interesting to assess ESH risks associated to nanomaterials. Our study focuses more specifically on four CB methods which have been analysed in order to highlight their a priori limits and evaluate their effectiveness for perform risk assessment in the industry. Our study concludes that too conservative frameworks, multiplicity of factors and complex algorithm are critical elements that can limit the effectiveness of the tools for risk assessment in the industry. 1. Introduction Despite the numerous technological innovations brought by nanomaterials (NMs), the size reduction that is so expected to enhance product performances may also be associated to new hazards that have to be managed to ensure a safe and sustainable development.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyped About Hazard Banding I FEATURE
    Hyped about Hazard Banding I FEATURE Hyped about Hazard Banding New Hope for an Established Practice BY SUSAN D. RIPPLE Occupational exposure limits (OELs) are an important part of managing chemical health and safety programs. But constant changes in the work environment have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of chemicals for which adequate toxicity or exposure data-the information needed to set traditional OELs­ are not available. The majority of chemical substances in global commerce do not have formal OELs. Furthermore, employers and workers often have difficulty determining how to control exposures with OELs. In fact, the International Labor Organization has estimated that over 90 percent (about 2.7 billion) of the world's workers do not have the assistance of a professional to even assess the haz­ ards in the workplace, much less provide guidance on proper risk management techniques. I Control banding arose in response to this lack of guidance. Based on a process similar to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control Hazard banding, the subject of this article, is simply the first (CDC) Biosafety Levels for control of pathogenic microbials, con­ step in the control banding process. Hazard banding groups trol banding is a qualitative strategy that allows industrial hy­ agents of similar toxicity or similar toxic mechanisms into "haz­ gienists to manage risk in situations characterized by many ard groups" or "hazard bands." For chemicals, hazard banding uncertainties, particularly a lack of OELs. Control banding aug­ provides a range of acceptable exposure levels based on expert ments the traditional industrial hygiene approach-anticipation, evaluation of the dose-response relationships determined recognition, evaluation and control of stressors-by grouping through animal testing.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Specific Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials Report
    Development of a specific Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials Report December 2010 Scientific Edition Development of a specific Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials Report December 2010 Scientific Edition Development of a specific Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials Request N°2008-SA-0407 relating to Control Banding REPORT Expert Committee (CES) on Physical Agents December 2010 Request no. 2008-SA-0407 Control banding Key words Hazard band, emission potential, continuous improvement, iterative process, uncertainty, exposure band, control banding, nanomaterials Final version – December 2010 Page 2 / 47 Request no. 2008-SA-0407 Control banding Presentation of participants PANEL OF EXPERTS Mr Claude OSTIGUY – Director of the Research and Expertise Support Department at the Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail (IRSST), Montreal, Canada; chemistry, industrial hygiene, nanomaterials. Mr Michael RIEDIKER – Research Group Leader at the Institute for Work and Health (IST), Lausanne, Switzerland; health risk assessment, nanomaterials. Mr Jérôme TRIOLET – Head of the Technical Expertise and Consulting Department of the French National Research and Safety Institute (INRS), Paris, France; chemical risk assessment and prevention. Mr Paul TROISFONTAINES – Toxicologist, Head of a Nanotoxicology Research Programme at the Scientific Institute of Public Health (ISP-WIV), Brussels, Belgium; toxicology, nanomaterials. Mr David VERNEZ – Head of the Evaluation Strategy Unit within the Work Environment Department at
    [Show full text]
  • COSHH Essentials: Controlling Exposure to Chemicals – a Simple Control Banding Approach
    Health and Safety Executive COSHH essentials: Controlling exposure to chemicals – a simple control banding approach What’s new? 1 This guide has been updated to reflect changes under the classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) regulation.1 Who is this guide for? 2 It is aimed at occupational hygienists and others who want to use the COSHH essentials control banding approach to identify suitable options for mitigating risks from substances hazardous to health. 3 Paragraphs 34–61 are aimed at more specialist users, with a summary of the rules, conversion factors and default values used in COSHH essentials. What is the purpose of this guide? 4 This guidance describes how the COSHH essentials control banding was derived from a generic risk assessment scheme. A table in Appendix 1 lists the control guidance sheets that fall within each control approach (CA). These ‘generic’ sheets contain basic descriptions of control equipment and good practice for a range of activities and also for some common operations (eg mixing, filling, weighing). 5 Please note that the generic risk assessment applies to liquids and solids only; it does not apply to gases or to liquids used above their boiling point. 6 This guide also explains the parameters, defaults and assumptions used in the COSHH essentials e-tool2 and its application to some common situations. 7 It does not cover the validation or development of COSHH essentials – this can be found in other sources.3, 4, 5 The generic risk assessment scheme 8 The generic risk assessment scheme was developed by a subgroup of HSE’s former Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances (ACTS).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Control Banding Method—Comparison with Measurement-Based Comprehensive Risk Assessment
    Journal of J Occup Health 2007; 49: 482–492 Occupational Health Evaluation of the Control Banding Method—Comparison with Measurement-based Comprehensive Risk Assessment Haruo HASHIMOTO1, Toshiaki GOTO1, Nobutoyo NAKACHI1, Hidetaka SUZUKI1, Toru TAKEBAYASHI2, Shigeyuki KAJIKI3 and Koji MORI3 1Medicine and Occupational Health, ExxonMobil Yugen Kaisha, 2Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University and 3Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Abstract: Evaluation of the Control Banding workplace safety by compensating for its insufficient Method—Comparison with Measurement-based exposure information with safe-sided judgment criteria Comprehensive Risk Assessment: Haruo and by requiring experts’ intervention in high-risk cases. HASHIMOTO, et al. Medicine and Occupational Health, Control banding could be widely and effectively utilized ExxonMobil Yugen Kaisha—The control banding in Japan, especially by employers in small enterprises, method, or “control banding”, is a simplified risk provided that the above characteristics are pre- assessment system for chemical handling tasks. This acknowledged and health experts are made available. system is supposed to provide assessment results of To this aim, it is essential to develop new local health reasonable quality without expert involvement. The experts and establish institutional mechanisms for objective of this study was to evaluate the facilitating employers’ access to expert advice. It should appropriateness of control banding judgment on the however be noted that the number of workplaces basis of workplace safety. A common approach for evaluated in this study was small. assessing workplace risk, which is called (J Occup Health 2007; 49: 482–492) “comprehensive risk assessment” in this study, is to measure workers’ exposure and compare it with Key words: Control banding, COSHH Essentials, Risk relevant occupational exposure limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Control Banding Tools: Advanced Regulated Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Tool and Agreement with Professional Judgment
    Control Banding Tools: Advanced Regulated Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals Tool and Agreement with Professional Judgment Katherine J. Skordal A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science University of Washington 2012 Michael Yost, Chair Janice Camp Noah Seixas Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Public Health—Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures 3 List of Tables 4 Chapter I: Background and Significance 5 History of Exposure Limits 5 Limitations of Conventional Chemical Exposure Assessments 5 Origins of Control Banding Strategy 6 Early Models of Control Banding Strategy 8 Advanced REACH Tool (ART) 13 General Limitations of Control Banding Tools 19 Research Proposal 20 Chapter II: Study Design and Data Analysis Methods 21 Overview of Data Collection Methods 21 Exposure Scenario Development 21 Subject Recruitment 21 Survey Development and Details 22 Survey Implementation 23 Data Analysis 24 Hypothesis 1 25 Hypothesis 2 25 Hypothesis 3 26 Chapter III: Results 28 Agreement between ART and Subjects (Hypothesis 1 & 2) 31 Variables Affecting Agreement (Hypothesis 2) 31 Information used to Assess Exposure (Hypothesis 3) 32 Chapter IV: Discussion 34 Summary of Research and Conclusions 34 Discussion of Results 34 Comparison to Literature on Professional Decision-Making 35 Direction of Future Research 36 Limitations of Study 36 Conclusions and Contributions of Research 37 References 38 Appendix A: Questionnaire Scenario 1 41 Appendix B: Questionnaire
    [Show full text]
  • The NIOSH Occupational Exposure Banding Process for Chemical Risk Management
    TECHNICAL REPORT The NIOSH Occupational Exposure Banding Process for Chemical Risk Management Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health This page intentionally blank. Technical Report The NIOSH Occupational Exposure Banding Process for Chemical Risk Management DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. Disclaimer Mention of any company or product does not constitute endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition, citations to websites external to NIOSH do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the sponsor- ing organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore, NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these websites. All web addresses referenced in this document were accessible as of the publication date. Get More Information Find NIOSH products and get answers to workplace safety and health questions: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) | TTY: 1-888-232-6348 CDC/NIOSH INFO: cdc.gov/info | cdc.gov/niosh Monthly NIOSH eNews: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/ Suggested Citation NIOSH [2019]. Technical report: The NIOSH occupational exposure banding process for chemical risk management. By Lentz TJ, Seaton M, Rane P, Gilbert SJ, McKernan LT, Whit- taker C. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Dis- ease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2019-132, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2019132.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Occupational Health Network ISSUE No
    The Global Occupational Health Network ISSUE No. 7SUMMERWINTER 2003 GOHNETGOHNET GOHNET NEWSLETTER Dear GOHNET members and future members, Reducing worker exposure by using the This special edition 7th GOHNET Newsletter will inform you about Occupational Risk Management Toolbox new practical tools to assess and manage risks at workplace level based Elaine M. Papp ([email protected]), OSHA on the concept of “Control Banding”. GOHNET Issue 5 introduced Gerry Eijkemans ([email protected]), WHO, Occupational Health Team readers to one of these control banding tools, the International Chemical Carolyn Vickers ([email protected]), WHO, IPCS Control Toolkit. This Toolkit responds to the need for practical risk Introduction assessment and management approaches that can be applied across the People worldwide face occupational health and safety hazards daily. Over board for all the chemicals used in a workplace, rather than a chemical- the years, the global occupational hygiene community has worked by-chemical approach based on occupational hygiene measurements diligently to develop ways to protect workers in both developed and for the fraction of chemicals where occupational exposure limits have developing nations, in workplaces of all types and sizes. The greatest been set. challenge has been to develop occupational health programs that are feasible in developing nations, as well as in small and medium enterprises Scarcity or resources, both human and financial, are an issue in the (SMEs) where resources and technical expertise may be scarce. occupational health and occupational hygiene practice globally. The The Occupational Risk Management Toolbox (Toolbox), has been Toolkit is being developed for use particularly in small and medium- developed internationally and provides a creative solution to this difficult sized enterprises in developed countries, and in developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Evolution of Control Banding: a Review David M
    This article was downloaded by: [Institutional Subscription Access] On: 19 July 2011, At: 12:59 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/uoeh20 History and Evolution of Control Banding: A Review David M. Zalk a & Deborah Imel Nelson b a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California b Industrial Hygienist, Boulder, Colorado Available online: 25 Mar 2008 To cite this article: David M. Zalk & Deborah Imel Nelson (2008): History and Evolution of Control Banding: A Review, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5:5, 330-346 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620801997916 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
    [Show full text]
  • Barrier Banding: a Concept for Safety Solutions Utilizing Control Banding Principles David M
    This article is made available for a limited time sponsored by ACS under the ACS Free to Read License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article for non-commercial scholarly purposes. pubs.acs.org/acschas Review Barrier Banding: A Concept for Safety Solutions Utilizing Control Banding Principles David M. Zalk* and Paul Swuste Cite This: ACS Chem. Health Saf. 2020, 27, 219−228 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations ABSTRACT: Control banding (CB) strategies offer simplified solutions for controlling worker exposures to constituents found in the workplace. CB is a risk assessment and control process developed by industrial hygienists that is utilized primarily for reducing work-related chemical exposures and has become an important component for identifying and evaluating hazards in laboratories. This process qualitatively generates exposure scenarios according to a “banding” principle. Due to the inherent simplicity of the modern CB approaches, toolkits that address chemical use and exposure reduction with these principles have gained international support. Our question is whether the CB principles might also apply to occupational safety as an accident prevention approach. For safety, probably “barrier banding” (BB) is a better title. Although the development of injury prevention toolkits is a proper goal for BB, some research is necessary before a similar success can be achieved as CB. The excellent efforts of the Workgroup Occupational Risk Model (WORM) research team have generated a number of considerations for BB research. Among these are developing safety exposure limits and time-weighted exposure principles that can be derived for a more aggregated level industry like construction. Optimizing a singular approach for both work-related injury and illness prevention in industry requires a simplified and multidisciplinary strategy utilizing a common risk communication language that CB and BB might provide.
    [Show full text]