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The Global Occupational Health Network ISSUE No The Global Occupational Health Network ISSUE No. 7SUMMERWINTER 2003 GOHNETGOHNET GOHNET NEWSLETTER Dear GOHNET members and future members, Reducing worker exposure by using the This special edition 7th GOHNET Newsletter will inform you about Occupational Risk Management Toolbox new practical tools to assess and manage risks at workplace level based Elaine M. Papp ([email protected]), OSHA on the concept of “Control Banding”. GOHNET Issue 5 introduced Gerry Eijkemans ([email protected]), WHO, Occupational Health Team readers to one of these control banding tools, the International Chemical Carolyn Vickers ([email protected]), WHO, IPCS Control Toolkit. This Toolkit responds to the need for practical risk Introduction assessment and management approaches that can be applied across the People worldwide face occupational health and safety hazards daily. Over board for all the chemicals used in a workplace, rather than a chemical- the years, the global occupational hygiene community has worked by-chemical approach based on occupational hygiene measurements diligently to develop ways to protect workers in both developed and for the fraction of chemicals where occupational exposure limits have developing nations, in workplaces of all types and sizes. The greatest been set. challenge has been to develop occupational health programs that are feasible in developing nations, as well as in small and medium enterprises Scarcity or resources, both human and financial, are an issue in the (SMEs) where resources and technical expertise may be scarce. occupational health and occupational hygiene practice globally. The The Occupational Risk Management Toolbox (Toolbox), has been Toolkit is being developed for use particularly in small and medium- developed internationally and provides a creative solution to this difficult sized enterprises in developed countries, and in developing countries. problem. The Toolbox is envisioned to contain a variety of Toolkits, The benefits of this approach have been demonstrated in the UK, where which are semi-quantitative risk management tools; each designed to the concept has been successfully implemented as the “COSHH address a specific occupational hazard. The first toolkit is the International Essentials”. Chemical Control Toolkit (Chemical Toolkit), which was developed for the International Labour Organization (ILO) by the International Recognizing that chemicals represent only one of a number of hazards Occupational Hygiene Association (IOHA) as a contribution to the in a workplace, this GOHNET issue describes how the control banding International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (comprising the concept can be used to build additional tools for inclusion in an ILO, the WHO and the United Nations Environment Programme). “Occupational Risk Management Toolbox”. An obvious addition would The underlying concept for the Toolkits is commonly called “control be an ergonomic toolkit to target musculoskeletal disorders, which are banding.” It is an occupational risk assessment and management a major problem world wide. instrument for use without on-site technical experts and expensive exposure measurements. The control banding concept has been used to The Occupational Risk Management Toolbox is an exciting development address chemical hazards by many organizations: governmental, corporate with great potential for managing workplace risks. However there is and non-governmental. much work to be done by a range of stakeholders, including those in Due to the success of control banding of chemicals, particularly COSHH industry, government, employers, unions, research institutions, etc. A Essentials, a tool designed by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) of recently agreed Global Strategy for the Implementation of the Toolbox the United Kingdom (UK), the Chemical Toolkit was developed. As it is included in full in this issue of GOHNET as a charge to the was underway, the global occupational health and safety community occupational community to work collectively to bring this to fruition. Enjoy your reading. Evelyn Kortum ([email protected]), Editor IN THIS ISSUE: World Health Organization Occupational & Environmental Health Programme Department of Protection of the Human Environment Reducing worker exposure by using the Occupational 20 Avenue Appia; CH - 1211 Geneva 27 Risk Management Toolbox 1 Fax: +41.22.791 13 83 Occupational Risk Management Toolbox - Global www.who.int/oeh Implementation Strategy 3 Abbreviations: COSHH essentials - easy steps to control chemicals 5 Globally Harmonized System 7 CB Control Banding nd GHS Globally Harmonized System Report from the 2 International Control Banding Workshop 7 ITG International Technical Group The practical application in developing countries 9 IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety Websites for further information 10 MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets OELs Occupational Exposure Limits Contributors’ information 11 SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises WHO Contacts 11 Toolbox Occupational Risk Management Toolbox GOHNET Member Application Form 12 T h e G l o b a l O c c u p a t i o n a l H e a l t h N e t w o r k 1 recognized that the control banding concept could revolutionize Why are chemicals the first ones to be addressed? workplace health and safety worldwide. This concept could be applied The use of chemicals in manufacturing, the service industry, cleaning, to a range of hazards – physical, biological, and ergonomic. agriculture and other industries, is increasing in both developed and Control Banding toolkits are user-friendly, simple matrices that provide developing nations worldwide. Although these chemicals enhance our the user with guidance for controlling exposures to hazards. If adequately lives, they also have the potential for causing serious harm, especially to trained, people who have little or no occupational hygiene experience, people whose jobs require them to work with the chemicals on a daily like a small employer, can implement the hazard assessment process and basis. understand the sound occupational hygiene advice in the form of Workers deserve protection from the harmful effects of the chemicals guidance sheets. The simplicity of the toolkits is the outcome of extensive, with which they work. Yet, thousands of chemicals remain unregulated complex work done by experts behind the scenes who analyze the hazard, without specific occupational exposure limits. Only about 1000 of the develop a predictive model for exposure, determine the best methods chemicals in use today have Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)1. for exposure control and develop guidance documents. Experts rely The process of setting OELs is resource-intensive. It is infeasible to do heavily on good quality data to state with some confidence that a specific all the studies necessary to derive and assign accurate OELs, and it is technique will reduce the exposure by a predictable amount and, thus impossible to regulate all of the chemicals in use today. Even when reduce a hazardous risk to an acceptable level. regulated, enforcement often lags behind. Toolkits provide guidance for the more routine occupational hygiene SMEs often lack financial and technical resources to assess and ensure problems. Since they do not use on-site experts to conduct exposure appropriate protection for their workers. Economies in transition and monitoring, the focus for risk management shifts from measurement to developing nations also lack adequate access to appropriately experienced on-site exposure control. Yet, Toolkits do not replace the need for experts. people to provide assessment and control of occupational hazards. An In fact, the method itself recommends that some situations be dealt alternative, user-friendly system to protect workers from adverse health with only by experts on the subject. Moreover, when experts are scarce, effects of hazardous chemicals was needed. then this approach allows them to have more time to concentrate on the The Chemical Toolkit was developed by a team of occupational hygienists more complicated risk assessment and management processes. assembled by IOHA with representatives from Great Britain, USA, Toolkits offer opportunities to overcome the scarcity of technical expertise Southern Africa and Asia. It was modelled after the COSHH Essentials, in developing nations and help leverage resources in developed nations. the Chemical Toolkit developed by the Health and Safety Executive Employers can save money on hazard assessment and, therefore, have (HSE) in the United Kingdom. Additional articles in this issue of more to spend on worker protection. The international occupational GOHNET discuss the COSSH Essentials and the Chemical Toolkit. health and safety community anticipates that this easy-to-use system Advantages will result in higher levels of worker protection around the world and The Toolbox is: will reduce the number of occupational accidents and illnesses. ■ complementary to traditional hazard control systems Development of the Toolbox ■ simple and easy to use The process used to develop the Toolbox has been called control banding ■ cost-effective because hazards, risks and controls are grouped into bands. Experts form ■ beneficial for SMEs risk bands by combining hazard bands and exposure bands into a “level ■ beneficial for emerging economies and developing nations of concern.” They then group controls into bands, too, since risk can be ■ reduced to acceptable levels by employing adequate, sometimes simple applicable in most settings exposure
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