DOCSLIB.ORG

Role of Syntrophic Microbial Communities in High-Rate Methanogenic Bioreactors Alfons J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Role of Syntrophic Microbial Communities in High-Rate Methanogenic Bioreactors Alfons J View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM 352 © IWA Publishing 2012 Water Science & Technology | 66.2 | 2012 Role of syntrophic microbial communities in high-rate methanogenic bioreactors Alfons J. M. Stams, Diana Z. Sousa, Robbert Kleerebezem and Caroline M. Plugge ABSTRACT Anaerobic purification is a cost-effective way to treat high strength industrial wastewater. Alfons J. M. Stams (corresponding author) Caroline M. Plugge Through anaerobic treatment of wastewaters energy is conserved as methane, and less Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, sludge is produced. For high-rate methanogenesis compact syntrophic communities of fatty Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands acid-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea are essential. Here, we describe the E-mail: [email protected] microbiology of syntrophic communities in methanogenic reactor sludges and provide information Alfons J. M. Stams on which microbiological factors are essential to obtain high volumetric methane production rates. Diana Z. Sousa IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Fatty-acid degrading bacteria have been isolated from bioreactor sludges, but also from other Centre for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, sources such as freshwater sediments. Despite the important role that fatty acid-degrading Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal bacteria play in high-rate methanogenic bioreactors, their relative numbers are generally low. fi Robbert Kleerebezem This nding indicates that the microbial community composition can be further optimized to achieve Department of Biotechnology, even higher rates. Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC, Delft, Key words | anaerobic treatment, granulation, methanogenesis, syntrophic communities, UASB The Netherlands reactor ANAEROBIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT Anaerobic treatment is one of the most cost-effective ways to transfer limitations around the biofilm. Anaerobic treatment treat industrial wastewater with high organic matter content systems can operate at different temperatures and are suited (Kosaric & Blaszczyk ; Lettinga ; van Lier et al. for different types of wastewater. Currently, anaerobic treat- ). In particular, the introduction of the Upflow Anaero- ment technologies are widely applied to treat wastewaters bic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor, over three decades ago, from food processing industries, pulp and paper industries has resulted in improved treatment of industrial waste- and chemical and petrochemical industries (Lettinga ; waters. In a UASB reactor the wastewater is pumped from Macarie ). the bottom into the reactor, and is purified while passing a bed of compact biomass (granular sludge), which is formed by self-immobilization of anaerobic bacteria and METHANOGENESIS methanogenic archaea (Lettinga et al. ; van Lier et al. ). The high density of these granules prevents microor- Physiologically and phylogenetically different microbial ganisms from being washed out, while the short groups are involved in the mineralization of complex intermicrobial distances are favourable for the transfer of organic matter to methane and carbon dioxide (Gujer & metabolites from the bacteria to the methanogens. A variety Zehnder ; de Bok et al. ; Stams et al. ). In gen- of additional anaerobic bioreactor designs has been devel- eral, biopolymers including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic oped. Expanded Granular Sludge Blanket (EGSB) and acids and fats are first hydrolyzed to mono- and oligomers, Internal Circulation (IC) reactors have replaced the more and these are then fermented to products that can be used conventional UASB systems (Franklin ). EGSB systems by methanogens directly (acetate, hydrogen, formate) and have a comparable design to UASB reactors, but contain an to other fatty acids such as propionate, butyrate, branched- expanded granular sludge bed minimizing external mass chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids (Gujer & doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.192 353 A. J. M. Stams et al. | Syntrophic communities in bioreactors Water Science & Technology | 66.2 | 2012 Zehnder ). Acetogenic bacteria oxidize these fatty acids Table 1 | Standard Gibbs free energy changes of reactions involved in syntrophic propio- nate and butyrate degradation. Data from Thauer et al. (1977) anaerobically to acetate, CO2,H2 and formate (Gujer & Zehnder ; Stams & Plugge ). Generally, about 70% of the methane is formed from acetate, while the Fatty-acid oxidation by acetogens À À 00 Propionate þ3H2O acetate ΔG ¼þ76 kJ remainder is formed from H2/CO2 and formate (Gujer & À þ þHCO þH þ3H Zehnder ; Conrad ). However, acetate can also be 3 2 Àþ À Àþ þþ Δ 00¼þ degraded by syntrophic communities of bacteria and Propionate 2HCO3 acetate H 3 formate G 72 kJ À À þ 0 Butyrate þ2H O 2acetate þH þ2H ΔG0 ¼þ48 kJ archaea, resulting in a more prominent role of H2/CO2 2 2 Àþ À Àþ þ Δ 00¼þ and formate as methanogenic substrates (Hattori ). In Butyrate 2HCO3 2 acetate H G 46 kJ þ Àþ mesophilic digesters, high ammonia levels can cause syn- 2 formate 3H2O trophic acetate oxidation (Westerholm et al. ). The Hydrogen and formate utilization by methanogens þ Àþ þ þ Δ 00¼ ammonia tolerance of these syntrophic acetate oxidizers 4H2 HCO3 H CH4 3H2O G 136 kJ Àþ þ Àþ þ Δ 00¼ gives them a competitive advantage in ammonia-stressed 4 Formate H 3HCO3 2H2O CH4 G 130 kJ systems. These bacteria, in association with ammonia-toler- Acetate utilization by methanogens À À 00 ant hydrogenotrophic methanogens, may consequently Acetate þH2O HCO3 þCH4 ΔG ¼31 kJ adopt the role of dominant acetate consumers in environ- ments in which ammonia restrains aceticlastic methanogenic activity (Westerholm et al. ). energy for growth from these conversions when the con- Propionate and butyrate are key intermediates in the centration of the products (especially hydrogen and mineralization of complex organic matter. The complete formate) is kept low. This results in an obligate dependence oxidation of propionate and butyrate can account for 20– of acetogenic bacteria on methanogenic archaea. Obli- 43% of the total methane formation, depending on the gately syntrophic communities of propionate- and type of digester and the nature of the organic compounds butyrate-degrading acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic (Mackie & Bryant ). archaea have several unique features: they degrade fatty acids coupled to growth, while neither the bacterium nor the methanogen alone is able to degrade these compounds; SYNTROPHIC FATTY ACID DEGRADATION intermicrobial distances influence biodegradation rates and specific growth rates, which in methanogenic bioreactors Easily degradable compounds (soluble polysaccharides, pro- results in the formation of aggregates of bacteria and teins, sugars and amino acids) in industrial wastewater are archaea (granular sludge); the syntrophic communities rapidly degraded by primary fermenters during storage and grow in conditions that are close to thermodynamical equi- the passage to the anaerobic bioreactor. Therefore, the librium, and the communities have evolved biochemical main substrates that enter the anaerobic bioreactor are mix- mechanisms that allow sharing of chemical energy (Stams tures of fatty acids, mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate. & Plugge ). There is still discussion on whether hydro- Propionate and butyrate are important intermediates in gen and formate are the primary compounds for methanogenesis. They are formed in the anaerobic fermen- interspecies electron transfer, and it is still unclear what tation of polysaccharides and proteins (Stams ; Schink their relative importance is (Stams & Plugge ; Müller & Stams ). Typically these fatty acids are further et al. ; Worm et al. ). degraded by syntrophic associations of anaerobic bacteria The reported maximum specific growth rates of propio- and methanogenic archaea, which are dependent on each nate- and butyrate-degrading acetogenic bacteria in other for energy conservation and growth (McInerney suspended co-culture with methanogens were 0.10 and À et al. ; Sousa et al. ; Stams & Plugge ). For 0.19 day 1, respectively (McInerney et al. ; Boone & complete and high-rate methanogenesis such syntrophic Bryant ; Mountfort & Bryant ). It is evident that communities are indispensable. fatty acid-degrading bacteria grow slowly, but it is not Bacteria that degrade and grow on fatty acids have to clear fully how fast they can grow in tight physical aggrega- cope with the unfavourable energetics of the conversion tion with methanogens. In fact, specific growth rates of processes. Table 1 illustrates the conversion of propionate syntrophic communities are difficult to determine as the and butyrate to the methanogenic substrates acetate, hydro- conversion rate per cell is not constant, but is dependent gen and formate. It is evident that bacteria can only derive on cell density of the partner microorganism. 354 A. J. M. Stams et al. | Syntrophic communities in bioreactors Water Science & Technology | 66.2 | 2012 Syntrophic propionate-degrading bacteria HS-CoA-dependent decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA and finally to acetate. Boone & Bryant () described Syntrophobacter wolinii,a propionate-degrading bacterium that grows in syntrophic Syntrophic butyrate- and LCFA-degrading bacteria association with methanogens or sulfate-reducing bacteria (Table 2). Several other mesophilic and thermophilic bac- McInerney et al.() enriched and characterized Syntro- teria that grow in syntrophy with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens
    microorganisms Article Core Sulphate-Reducing Microorganisms in Metal-Removing Semi-Passive Biochemical Reactors and the Co-Occurrence of Methanogens Maryam Rezadehbashi and Susan A. Baldwin * Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-604-822-1973 Received: 2 January 2018; Accepted: 17 February 2018; Published: 23 February 2018 Abstract: Biochemical reactors (BCRs) based on the stimulation of sulphate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) are emerging semi-passive remediation technologies for treatment of mine-influenced water. Their successful removal of metals and sulphate has been proven at the pilot-scale, but little is known about the types of SRM that grow in these systems and whether they are diverse or restricted to particular phylogenetic or taxonomic groups. A phylogenetic study of four established pilot-scale BCRs on three different mine sites compared the diversity of SRM growing in them. The mine sites were geographically distant from each other, nevertheless the BCRs selected for similar SRM types. Clostridia SRM related to Desulfosporosinus spp. known to be tolerant to high concentrations of copper were members of the core microbial community. Members of the SRM family Desulfobacteraceae were dominant, particularly those related to Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans. Methanogens were dominant archaea and possibly were present at higher relative abundances than SRM in some BCRs. Both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic types were present. There were no strong negative or positive co-occurrence correlations of methanogen and SRM taxa. Knowing which SRM inhabit successfully operating BCRs allows practitioners to target these phylogenetic groups when selecting inoculum for future operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis David Johane Machate 1, Priscila Silva Figueiredo 2 , Gabriela Marcelino 2 , Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães 2,*, Priscila Aiko Hiane 2 , Danielle Bogo 2, Verônica Assalin Zorgetto Pinheiro 2, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira 3 and Arnildo Pott 1 1 Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] (D.J.M.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; pri.fi[email protected] (P.S.F.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (P.A.H.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (V.A.Z.P.) 3 Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416 Received: 9 March 2020; Accepted: 27 March 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • From Sporulation to Intracellular Offspring Production: Evolution
    FROM SPORULATION TO INTRACELLULAR OFFSPRING PRODUCTION: EVOLUTION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM OF EPULOPISCIUM A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by David Alan Miller January 2012 © 2012 David Alan Miller FROM SPORULATION TO INTRACELLULAR OFFSPRING PRODUCTION: EVOLUTION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAM OF EPULOPISCIUM David Alan Miller, Ph. D. Cornell University 2012 Epulopiscium sp. type B is an unusually large intestinal symbiont of the surgeonfish Naso tonganus. Unlike most other bacteria, Epulopiscium sp. type B has never been observed to undergo binary fission. Instead, to reproduce, it forms multiple intracellular offspring. We believe this process is related to endospore formation, an ancient and complex developmental process performed by certain members of the Firmicutes. Endospore formation has been studied for over 50 years and is best characterized in Bacillus subtilis. To study the evolution of endospore formation in the Firmicutes and the relatedness of this process to intracellular offspring formation in Epulopiscium, we have searched for sporulation genes from the B. subtilis model in all of the completed genomes of members of the Firmicutes, in addition to Epulopiscium sp. type B and its closest relative, the spore-forming Cellulosilyticum lentocellum. By determining the presence or absence of spore genes, we see the evolution of endospore formation in closely related bacteria within the Firmicutes and begin to predict if 19 previously characterized non-spore-formers have the genetic capacity to form a spore. We can also map out sporulation-specific mechanisms likely being used by Epulopiscium for offspring formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystalline Iron Oxides Stimulate Methanogenic Benzoate Degradation in Marine Sediment-Derived Enrichment Cultures
    The ISME Journal https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-020-00824-7 ARTICLE Crystalline iron oxides stimulate methanogenic benzoate degradation in marine sediment-derived enrichment cultures 1,2 1 3 1,2 1 David A. Aromokeye ● Oluwatobi E. Oni ● Jan Tebben ● Xiuran Yin ● Tim Richter-Heitmann ● 2,4 1 5 5 1 2,3 Jenny Wendt ● Rolf Nimzyk ● Sten Littmann ● Daniela Tienken ● Ajinkya C. Kulkarni ● Susann Henkel ● 2,4 2,4 1,3 2,3,4 1,2 Kai-Uwe Hinrichs ● Marcus Elvert ● Tilmann Harder ● Sabine Kasten ● Michael W. Friedrich Received: 19 May 2020 / Revised: 9 October 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Elevated dissolved iron concentrations in the methanic zone are typical geochemical signatures of rapidly accumulating marine sediments. These sediments are often characterized by co-burial of iron oxides with recalcitrant aromatic organic matter of terrigenous origin. Thus far, iron oxides are predicted to either impede organic matter degradation, aiding its preservation, or identified to enhance organic carbon oxidation via direct electron transfer. Here, we investigated the effect of various iron oxide phases with differing crystallinity (magnetite, hematite, and lepidocrocite) during microbial 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: degradation of the aromatic model compound benzoate in methanic sediments. In slurry incubations with magnetite or hematite, concurrent iron reduction, and methanogenesis were stimulated during accelerated benzoate degradation with methanogenesis as the dominant electron sink. In contrast, with lepidocrocite, benzoate degradation, and methanogenesis were inhibited. These observations were reproducible in sediment-free enrichments, even after five successive transfers. Genes involved in the complete degradation of benzoate were identified in multiple metagenome assembled genomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1: List of Samples Included in the Analysis
    Table S1: list of samples included in the analysis Study Sample name Inhibitory status Number of days at sampling number DNA.0P2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.0P2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.10P2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.10P2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.75P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.75P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.100P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.100P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P1T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P1T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.125P3T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.125P3T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.150P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.150P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.200P2T4 Phenol inhibition 29 DNA.200P2T6 Phenol inhibition 57 DNA.0N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.0N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.0N2T6 No inhibition 57 Study 1 DNA.5N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.5N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.5N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.10N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.10N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.10N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.15N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.15N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.15N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.25N2T4 No inhibition 29 DNA.25N2T5 No inhibition 42 DNA.25N2T6 No inhibition 57 DNA.75N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.75N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.75N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 DNA.100N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.100N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.100N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 DNA.250N2T4 Ammonia inhibition 29 DNA.250N2T5 Ammonia inhibition 42 DNA.250N2T6 Ammonia inhibition 57 nono2T3 No inhibition 16 noN2T4 Ammonia inhibition 23 noN2T8 Ammonia inhibition 60 noN2T9 Ammonia inhibition 85 noPhi2T4 Phenol inhibition 23 noPhi2T5
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES on FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES from ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, and THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON FERMENTATIVE FIRMICUTES FROM ANOXIC ENVIRONMENTS: ISOLATION, EVOLUTION, AND THEIR GEOCHEMICAL IMPACTS By JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI A dissertation submitted to the School of Graduate Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Microbial Biology Written under the direction of Nathan Yee And approved by _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey October 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Experimental studies on fermentative Firmicutes from anoxic environments: isolation, evolution and their geochemical impacts by JESSICA KEE EUN CHOI Dissertation director: Nathan Yee Fermentative microorganisms from the bacterial phylum Firmicutes are quite ubiquitous in subsurface environments and play an important biogeochemical role. For instance, fermenters have the ability to take complex molecules and break them into simpler compounds that serve as growth substrates for other organisms. The research presented here focuses on two groups of fermentative Firmicutes, one from the genus Clostridium and the other from the class Negativicutes. Clostridium species are well-known fermenters. Laboratory studies done so far have also displayed the capability to reduce Fe(III), yet the mechanism of this activity has not been investigated
    [Show full text]
  • Syntrophic Butyrate and Propionate Oxidation Processes 491
    Environmental Microbiology Reports (2010) 2(4), 489–499 doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2010.00147.x Minireview Syntrophic butyrate and propionate oxidation processes: from genomes to reaction mechanismsemi4_147 489..499 Nicolai Müller,1† Petra Worm,2† Bernhard Schink,1* a cytoplasmic fumarate reductase to drive energy- Alfons J. M. Stams2 and Caroline M. Plugge2 dependent succinate oxidation. Furthermore, we 1Faculty for Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 propose that homologues of the Thermotoga mar- Konstanz, Germany. itima bifurcating [FeFe]-hydrogenase are involved 2Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, in NADH oxidation by S. wolfei and S. fumaroxidans Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands. to form hydrogen. Summary Introduction In anoxic environments such as swamps, rice fields In anoxic environments such as swamps, rice paddy fields and sludge digestors, syntrophic microbial communi- and intestines of higher animals, methanogenic commu- ties are important for decomposition of organic nities are important for decomposition of organic matter to matter to CO2 and CH4. The most difficult step is the CO2 and CH4 (Schink and Stams, 2006; Mcinerney et al., fermentative degradation of short-chain fatty acids 2008; Stams and Plugge, 2009). Moreover, they are the such as propionate and butyrate. Conversion of these key biocatalysts in anaerobic bioreactors that are used metabolites to acetate, CO2, formate and hydrogen is worldwide to treat industrial wastewaters and solid endergonic under standard conditions and occurs wastes. Different types of anaerobes have specified only if methanogens keep the concentrations of these metabolic functions in the degradation pathway and intermediate products low. Butyrate and propionate depend on metabolite transfer which is called syntrophy degradation pathways include oxidation steps of (Schink and Stams, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Desulfovirga Adipica Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., an Adipate-Degrading, Gram-Negative, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2000), 50, 639–644 Printed in Great Britain Desulfovirga adipica gen. nov., sp. nov., an adipate-degrading, Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacterium Kazuhiro Tanaka,1 Erko Stackebrandt,2 Shigehiro Tohyama3 and Tadashi Eguchi3 Author for correspondence: Kazuhiro Tanaka. Tel\Fax: j81 298 61 6083. e-mail: ktanaka!nibh.go.jp 1 Applied Microbiology A novel, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium was isolated from an anaerobic Department, National digestor for municipal wastewater. The bacterium degraded adipate in the Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, presence of sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. (E)-2- Higashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Hexenedioate accumulated transiently in the degradation of adipate. (E)-2- Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan Hexenedioate, (E)-3-hexenedioate, pyruvate, lactate, C1–C12 straight-chain fatty 2 Deutsche Sammlung von acids and C2–C10 straight-chain primary alcohols were also utilized as electron Mikroorganismen und donors. 3-Phenylpropionate was oxidized to benzoate. The GMC content of the Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, DNA was 60 mol%. 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the new isolate D-38124 Braunschweig, clustered with species of the genus Syntrophobacter and Desulforhabdus Germany amnigenus. Strain TsuAS1T resembles Desulforhabdus amnigenus DSM 10338T 3 Department of Chemistry with respect to the ability to utilize acetate as an electron donor and the and Materials Science, inability to utilize propionate without sulfate in co-culture with Tokyo Institute of T T Technology, O-okayama, Methanospirillum hungatei DSM 864. Strains TsuAS1 and DSM 10338 form a Meguro-ku, Tokyo ‘non-syntrophic subcluster’ within the genus Syntrophobacter. Desulfovirga 152-8551, Japan adipica gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Sp. Nov., New Syntrophically Propionate-Oxidizing Anaerobe Growing in Pure Culture with Propionate and Sulfate
    Arch Microbiol (1995) 164:346-352 Springer-Verlag 1995 Christina Wallrabenstein Elisabeth Hauschild Bernhard Schink Syntrophobacter pfennigii sp. nov., new syntrophically propionate-oxidizing anaerobe growing in pure culture with propionate and sulfate Received: 3 July 1995 / Accepted: 16 August 1995 Abstract A new strain of syntrophically propionate-oxi- teria (Zehnder 1978). Fermentation of propionate to ac- dizing fermenting bacteria, strain KoPropl, was isolated etate, CO2, and hydrogen is a highly endergonic process from anoxic sludge of a municipal sewage plant. It oxi- (calculations of free energies after Thauer et al. 1977): dized propionate or lactate in cooperation with the hydro- CH3CH2COO + 2 H20----)CH3COO -t-CO2 + 3 H 2 (1) gen- and formate-utilizing Methanospirillum hungatei AG 0" = +76.0 kJ/mol propionate and grew as well in pure culture without a syntrophic part- ner with propionate or lactate plus sulfate as energy The hydrogen partial pressure has to be kept low by the source. In all cases, the substrates were oxidized stoichio- partner organism to make the reaction energetically feasi- metrically to acetate and CO2, with concomitant forma- ble, e.g., in syntrophic methanogenic propionate degrada- tion of methane or sulfide. Cells formed gas vesicles in tion: the late growth phase and contained cytochromes b and c, 4 CH3CH2COO- + 2 H20--M CH3COO- + CO2+3 CH 4 (2) a menaquinone-7, and desulforubidin, but no desul- AG 0" = -26.5 kJ/mol propionate foviridin. Enzyme measurements in cell-free extracts indi- cated that propionate was oxidized through the methyl- However, the amount of free energy liberated during syn- malonyl CoA pathway.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus Propionicus': a First Haloalkaliphilic
    Delft University of Technology ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’ a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes Sorokin, D. Y.; Chernyh, N. A. DOI 10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 Publication date 2016 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Published in Extremophiles: life under extreme conditions Citation (APA) Sorokin, D. Y., & Chernyh, N. A. (2016). ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’: a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes. Extremophiles: life under extreme conditions, 20(6), 895-901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. Extremophiles DOI 10.1007/s00792-016-0881-3 ORIGINAL PAPER ‘Candidatus Desulfonatronobulbus propionicus’: a first haloalkaliphilic member of the order Syntrophobacterales from soda lakes D. Y. Sorokin1,2 · N. A. Chernyh1 Received: 23 August 2016 / Accepted: 4 October 2016 © Springer Japan 2016 Abstract Propionate can be directly oxidized anaerobi- from its members at the genus level.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Communities Mediating Algal Detritus Turnover Under Anaerobic Conditions
    Microbial communities mediating algal detritus turnover under anaerobic conditions Jessica M. Morrison1,*, Chelsea L. Murphy1,*, Kristina Baker1, Richard M. Zamor2, Steve J. Nikolai2, Shawn Wilder3, Mostafa S. Elshahed1 and Noha H. Youssef1 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA 2 Grand River Dam Authority, Vinita, OK, USA 3 Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Algae encompass a wide array of photosynthetic organisms that are ubiquitously distributed in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Algal species often bloom in aquatic ecosystems, providing a significant autochthonous carbon input to the deeper anoxic layers in stratified water bodies. In addition, various algal species have been touted as promising candidates for anaerobic biogas production from biomass. Surprisingly, in spite of its ecological and economic relevance, the microbial community involved in algal detritus turnover under anaerobic conditions remains largely unexplored. Results. Here, we characterized the microbial communities mediating the degradation of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta), Chara sp. strain IWP1 (Charophyceae), and kelp Ascophyllum nodosum (phylum Phaeophyceae), using sediments from an anaerobic spring (Zodlteone spring, OK; ZDT), sludge from a secondary digester in a local wastewater treatment plant (Stillwater, OK; WWT), and deeper anoxic layers from a seasonally stratified lake
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Microbial Community Structure of Pit Mud for Chinese Strong-Flavor Liquor Fermentation Using Next Generation DNA Sequencing of Full-Length 16S Rrna
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/380949; this version posted July 31, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Analysis of microbial community structure of pit mud for Chinese strong-flavor liquor fermentation using next generation DNA sequencing of full-length 16S rRNA Zuolin Liu1†, Ying Han1†, Junwei Li1,2, Runjie Cao2, Hongkui He2*, Anjun Li2 and Zhizhou Zhang1* 1School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China 150006 2The Center for Solid-state Fermentation Engineering of Anhui Province, The Anhui GujingTribute Liquor Ltd, Bozhou, Anhui, China, 236800 † *The corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] Equal contribution Contact: Zhizhou Zhang, PhD Prof [email protected] 86-631-5683176 Abstract. The pit is the necessary bioreactor for brewing process of Chinese strong-flavor liquor. Pit mud in pits contains a large number of microorganisms and is a complex ecosystem. The analysis of bacterial flora in pit mud is of great significance to understand liquor fermentation mechanisms. To overcome taxonomic limitations of short reads in 16S rRNA variable region sequencing, we used high-throughput DNA sequencing of near full-length 16S rRNA gene to analyze microbial compositions of different types of pit mud that produce different qualities of strong-flavor liquor. The results showed that the main species in pit mud were Pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3, Pseudomonas veronii, Serratia marcescens WW4, and Clostridium leptum in Ruminiclostridium.
    [Show full text]