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Inwent Cases.Qxp InWEnt - Capacity Building International, Germany >>> InWEnt Cases > Preliminary development of an animal-drawn sowing machine for Ethiopia Vocational training organiser in Germany_ InWEnt – Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH (Capacity Building International, Germany) is an organisation for international human resources devel- opment, advanced training and dialogue. It was estab- lished through the merger of Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft (CDG) and the Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (German Foundation for International Development, DSE) and can draw on decades of experience in development cooperation.The vocational training projects are characterised by a clear emphasis on a sustainable development approach. Main ecodesign consideration_ Ethiopia is a developing country. More than 80% of the population live in rural areas and rely on agriculture to survive. Motorised agricultural machinery is expensive to buy and maintain.An animal-drawn sowing machine is Preliminary development inexpensive to produce, simple and reliable to use and and product design_ affordable for the majority of the poor rural population. Engineer Geta Kidan Mariam Gelaw (Ethiopia) Ploughing and harvesting machines are also animal- Designer Gustavo Meza Leon (Mexico) drawn. In these circumstances, eco-farming is the most suitable form of land use. The sowing machine was developed within the context of a one-year training programme for product develop- Main environmental benefits_ ers from Africa,Asia and Latin America. Motor-driven agricultural machinery requires large areas of cultivable land. In order to justify the invest- Preliminary ment costs, chemicals are also used. Heavy tractors and development of a motorised agricultural machinery compact the soil and freight bicycle for Peru affect the aeration of the soil.Animal-drawn agricultur- and Indonesia al machines can be used on small areas of cultivable land, are environmentally friendly and therefore create the basis for natural, healthy crops. Other benefits_ Many jobs are safeguarded in agriculture, in machine construction, in spare part manufacture and agricultural machinery repair. In the rural regions of Ethiopia agri- culture is the largest employer. In contrast motorised agricultural machinery is purchased abroad. Motorisation would enable higher yields but also increase unemployment. Main drivers / incentives_ Simple, animal-drawn machines are developed in Ethiopia and can be manufactured by many small work- shops. Local jobs in the country are therefore safe- guarded. The sowing machine shown here was devel- oped by an Ethiopian engineer in cooperation with a Mexican product designer within the context of a train- ing programme carried out in Germany. Preliminary development and product design_ Engineer Lulus Ketriyanto (Indonesia) Designer Ricardo Geldres Piumatti (Peru) The freight bicycle was developed within the context of a one-year training programme for product developers from Africa,Asia and Latin America. Main ecodesign consideration_ Indonesia has a strong bicycle industry that manufac- tures various cargo bicycles for the country. In Peru this form of cargo transport is also popular and there is a market for it.The origin of the cargo bicycle is in Asia, above all for rickshaws usually used for transporting people. Cargo bicycles require smooth, flat terrain and streets. Recently there have been attempts to use rick- shaws for tourism in Europe. The rickshaws used for this are imported from Asia. Main environmental benefits_ Preliminary Personal bicycles, rickshaws and cargo bicycles are mus- development of a rice cle powered. Cities with active personal bicycle and thresher for Cambodia cargo bicycle traffic have less pollution than those with and Bangladesh the usual traffic of cars, taxis, buses and lorries. The emission and noise pollution in cities caused by motor traffic decreases with the introduction of muscle-pow- ered modes of transport. Other benefits_ The development, manufacturing and use of cargo bicy- cles can create jobs in Peru.A simple design was chosen deliberately for the cargo bicycle. The cargo is posi- tioned in front of the handlebars although this can affect the vision of the driver.With this design the rear part of a normal bicycle can be used. Cargo bicycle hire, spare parts provision and repair services can create addition- al jobs in Peru. Main drivers / incentives_ The cargo bicycle was developed by an Indonesian engi- neer in cooperation with a Peruvian product designer within the context of a training programme carried out in Germany. Preliminary development_ Engineer Angkeara Ouk (Cambodia) Engineer Monjur Quader (Bangladesh) The rice thresher was developed within the context of a one-year training programme for product developers from Africa,Asia and Latin America. Main ecodesign consideration_ Cambodia and Bangladesh are developing countries. More than 90% of the population live in rural areas and rely on agriculture to survive. Rice is the main foodstuff. At harvest time the rice is threshed in the simplest way. The bundles of rice are beaten against wood, stone or old oil drums to loosen the rice grains from the stems. This is long-winded and physically demanding work.The planned rice thresher is simple and inexpensive to man- ufacture and will help the rice farmers with their diffi- cult work. Main environmental benefits_ Preliminary develop- The planned rice thresher will help the rice farmers in ment of a motor-driven the rural regions of Cambodia to tackle the job of sep- rotary hoe for rice arating the rice grains from the stems, which is still terrace cultivation in commonplace today, in a less physically demanding way. Indonesia Traditionally rice cultivation in Cambodia is mainly car- ried out by people and animals.The planned rice thresh- er can do the difficult threshing work mechanically by means of a manually operated or motorised machine. Other benefits_ New jobs can be created in Cambodia and Bangladesh in machine construction, spare part manufacture and in repairing the planned rice thresher. The planned rice thresher can be supplied as a mechanical version with- out an engine. It can however also be fitted with a diesel or electric engine.The well thought out construction of the planned machine enables cost effective manufactur- ing. Spare parts can be manufactured without much technical input and repairs can be carried out easily. Main drivers / incentives_ The rice thresher shown here was developed by engi- neers from Cambodia and Bangladesh within the con- text of a training programme carried out in Germany Preliminary development for product developers from Asia, Africa and Latin and product design: America. Engineer Sutopo (Indonesia) Designer Saktioso Onang (Indonesia) The rotary hoe was developed within the context of a one-year training programme for product developers from Africa,Asia and Latin America. Main ecodesign consideration_ Rice is a main foodstuff in Indonesia. Rice cultivation is mostly carried out by machine. Machines for this pur- pose are developed and manufactured in Indonesia. In the high up regions of the country rice is also cultivat- ed in terraces. Up to now this type of cultivation has been carried out with the hardest work done by people and animals. The planned, motor-driven rotary hoe, which will be produced in Indonesia, will facilitate the field work and create greater harvest yields. Main environmental benefits_ Preliminary develop- The traditional people and animal rice cultivation meth- ment of office furni- ods used today in the mountainous regions are very ture for Indonesia and physically demanding for the rice farmers and the har- Mexico vest yields are disproportionate. The planned motor- driven rotary hoe will ease the work of the rice farm- ers and create greater harvest yields.Transportation of rice purchased from other regions of the country would no longer be necessary. Other benefits_ The planned motor-driven rotary hoe will be manufac- tured in Indonesia itself. New jobs could be created through manufacturing, repairs and spare part provision. The rotary hoe could also be exported to neighbouring countries. Main drivers / incentives_ Motor-driven rotary hoes were until recently not man- ufactured in Indonesia. Through local manufacturing hard currency could be saved and through exporting the machinery hard currency would come into the country. The rotary hoe was developed by an Indonesian engi- neer in cooperation with an Indonesian product design- Preliminary development er within the context of a training programme carried and product design_ out in Germany. Engineer Rajiman Haryanta (Indonesia) Designer Gustavo Meza Leon (Mexico) The office furniture was developed within the frame- work of a one-year training programme for product developers from Africa,Asia and Latin America. Main ecodesign consideration_ Indonesia and Mexico are countries with developed industrial cultures. In most instances consumer goods and investment goods are produced in the countries. Several market segments exist in the office furniture sector.The top market segment is predominantly served by imports from Europe and the USA. In both these countries the middle and lower market segments for office furniture are catered for with their own products. The office furniture of the middle and lower market segments is also exported. Main environmental benefits_ The preliminary development of the office furniture shown here is based on the current European form and is adapted
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