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Citizenship and Political Representation (3).Pdf Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal 1820 1926 Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal 1820 1926 Edited by Fernando Catroga Pedro Tavares de Almeida Exhibition TITLE Res Publica: Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal, 1820-1926 ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA president – Jaime Gama secretary-general – Adelina Sá Carvalho BIBLIOteca NaciONAL DE PORTUGAL general-director – Jorge Couto SCIENTIFIC COmmissiONers Fernando Catroga Pedro Tavares de Almeida DOcumeNT researcH Joana Duarte Bernardes Marta Carvalho dos Santos Paulo Jorge Fernandes Assembleia da República Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal 6 October 2010 to 31 January 2011 7 October 2010 to 15 January 2011 GENeral COORDINatiON GENeral COORDINatiON Rui Costa (Director of Documentation, Manuela Rêgo (Cultural Activities Information and Communication Services) Service Coordinator) and Teresa Fonseca (Head of Publications Division) EXecutiVE COMMITTEE EXecutiVE COMMITTEE Carlos Abreu, Luís Sá, Manuela Rêgo Susana Oliveira, Teresa Fonseca COLLABOratOrs COLLABOratOrs Preservation and Restoration Division Parliamentary History Archive Digital Content Management Service Library of the Assembleia da República Public Relations Service Museum of the Assembleia da República Technical Support Service PUBLICITY AND EDucatiONAL SERVices EXHIBITION DesigN Citizens Information Centre – Assembleia José Maria Saldanha da Gama da República Public Relations Division (Cultural Activities Service) EXHIBITION DesigN INstallatiON TVM Designers and Sofia Henriques Cultural Activities Service CONstructiON AND INstallatiON Eurostand TraNSPOrt Urbanos Catalogue ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA NatiONAL LibrarY OF POrtugal – president – Jaime Gama CatalOguiNG-IN-PublicatiON Data secretary-general – Adelina Sá Carvalho RES PUBLICA Res publica: citizenship and political representation in Portugal, BIBLIOteca NaciONAL DE PORTUGAL 1820-1926 / eds. Fernando Catroga, Pedro Tavares de Almeida, general-director – Jorge Couto Lisbon : Assembly of the Republic : National Library of Portugal, 2010. – 335 p. ISBN 978-972-556-548-3 (Assembly of the Republic) EDITOrs ISBN 978-972-565-464-4 (National Library of Portugal) I – CATROGA, Fernando, 1945- Fernando Catroga II – ALMEIDA, Pedro Tavares de, 1956- Pedro Tavares de Almeida CDU 94(469)”1820/1926”(042) 32(469)”1820/1926”(042) TEXts António Manuel Hespanha, Carlos Dardé Morales, Cristina Nogueira da Silva, Fátima Moura Ferreira, Fernando Catroga, Fernando Farelo Lopes, J. J. Gomes Canotilho, Keila Grinberg, Luís Salgado de Matos, Maria Rita Lino Garnel, Paulo Jorge Fernandes, Pedro Tavares de Almeida, ACKNOWLEDGEMENts Raffaele Romanelli The Assembleia da República and the Biblioteca REVIEWers Nacional de Portugal would like to thank the Carlos Abreu, Susana Oliveira individuals and institutions who loaned or gave items for the exhibition and catalogue for their PUBLISHED BY commitment and generosity. Assembleia da República – Publications Division Alexandre Ramires Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal – Cultural Activities Service, Editorial Management Department Fernando Farelo Lopes João Alves Dias DesigN Jorge Silva Melo and Artistas Unidos TVM Designers Arquivo Histórico Militar [Military History PHOTOgrapHY Archive] Carlos Pombo, João Silveira Ramos, Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa – Núcleo Fotográfico [Lisbon Municipal Archive – Editorial Management Department (BNP), Photographic Centre] Digital Content Management Service (BNP) Câmara dos Deputados [Chamber of Deputies] (Brazil) PRINTED BY Cinemateca Portuguesa Tagus Gráfica Congresso dos Deputados [Congress of Deputies] (spain) PRINT ruN Fundação Mário Soares [Mário Soares Foundation] 500 copies Hemeroteca Municipal de Lisboa [Lisbon ISBN Municipal Serial Publication Archive] 978-972-556-552-0 Hemeroteca Municipal de Madrid [Madrid Municipal Serial Publication Archive] legal DEPOSIT Museu Militar [Military Museum] (lisbon) 316 776/10 Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga [National Museum of Ancient Art] Lisbon, January 2011 Sociedade Martins Sarmento [Martins Sarmento Society] (Guimarães) abbreviations AML/NF Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa/Núcleo Fotográfico [Lisbon Municipal Archive/Photography Centre] AHP Arquivo Histórico Parlamentar [Parliamentary History Archive] AR Assembleia da República BNP Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal CPF/ANTT Centro Português de Fotografia/Direcção-Geral de Arquivos [Portuguese Centre for Photography/General Directorate of Archives] FCRB Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa [Casa de Rui Barbosa Foundation] FMS Fundação Mário Soares [Mário Soares Foundation] MNAA Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga [National Museum of Ancient Art] SMS Sociedade Martins Sarmento [Martins Sarmento Society] (Guimarães) Forewords Jaime Gama 11 President of the Assembleia da República Jorge Couto 12 Director of the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Introduction 14 Fernando Catroga and Pedro Tavares de Almeida I In the name of the Nation 20 Fernando Catroga Electors, voting and representatives 60 Pedro Tavares de Almeida Political representation and citizenship under the Empire 90 Cristina Nogueira da Silva Organic representation 112 António Manuel Hespanha Representation: between the representative form of government and representation of nothing in Portuguese constitutional law 142 J. J. Gomes Canotilho II The Parliament: setting and iconography 156 Paulo Jorge Fernandes The Military brought liberal political representation to Portugal 178 Luís Salgado de Matos The legal profession and political representation 216 Fátima Moura Ferreira Doctors and public health in the republican Parliament 230 Maria Rita Lino Garnel Parties and political representation during the liberal period in Portugal 258 Fernando Farelo Lopes III Citizenship and political representation in liberal Europe 290 Raffaele Romanelli Citizenship and political representation in Spain, 1812-1923 304 Carlos Dardé Morales Citizenship and political representation in Brazil, 1822-1930 322 Keila Grinberg First Centenary of the Republic To mark the First Centenary of the Republic, the Portuguese parliament – given the title of Assembleia da República by the Constituent Assembly of 1975 – hopes that the exhibition Res Publica: Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal, 1820-1926, illustrated in this catalogue, will be an event that makes a valuable contribution to the Commemorations. Organised jointly by the Assembleia da República and the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, the exhibition has been curated by two distinguished coordinators, the historians Fernando Catroga and Pedro Tavares de Almeida, with the support of the Documentation, Information and Communication Services Directorate of the Assembleia da República. Thanks to them and their colleagues, it has been possible to organise and select the exhibition material and produce this catalogue to which various scholars and academics have contributed. We hope that visitors and readers will find their work useful and will reflect at leisure and in an informed way about the period of institutional and political life in our country which is now being celebrated. Setting the proclamation of the Republic (1910) in the preceding context of liberalism and constitutional monarchy which began in 1820, and continuing until the extinction of parliamentary democracy in 1926, the exhibited documents also shine light on the issues of citizenship and political representation over time, in which the centrality of the institution of Parliament is always present. Jaime Gama President of the Assembleia da República 11 Portuguese Constitutionalism: from the 1820 Liberal Revolution to Republicanism In 2006, the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal began to make plans for its contribution to mark the centenary of the Republic, which were set in motion the following year. The programme for 2010 includes a diverse array of initiatives, with the support of the Assembleia da República following the signing of a cooperation protocol on 29 July 2009. The exhibition Res Publica: Citizenship and Political Representation in Portugal, 1820-1926, curated by Fernando Catroga and Pedro Tavares de Almeida, constitutes one of the most important commemorative initiatives and will take place simulta- neously in two different locations, São Bento Palace, the seat of legislative power, and the Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal. The exhibition, which is complemented by a companion book, intends to contextualise the republican regime in the history of Portuguese constitutionalism from which it arose. The rich and tumultuous history of national politics from 1820 to 1926, which saw three Constitutions (1822, 1838 and 1911) in the wake of a similar number of revolutions and, most significantly, the protracted duration of the 1826 Constitutional Charter, ratified by D. Pedro, and its successive later amendments provide ample material for the wide and diverse collection of works by historians and jurists published in this volume. These works make a significant contribution towards a deeper understanding of republican constitutional genesis, highlighting the continuities and breaks in monarchic constitutionalism and, even, the differences between the proposals of the Portuguese Republican Party prior to 5 October and the options later approved by the majority of the republican Constituent Assembly members, such as the paradigmatic case of the failure to fulfil the promise to widen the electoral base through the enfranchisement of women. One of the most 12 striking examples of breaking with Portuguese constitutional tradition follows from
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