Framed Newspaper Article (M300-19E): This July 1931 article from the _Gloucester Times_, "Historic Site of Babson Family Opens July 17," describes the grand Interior Facing East: Welcome to opening of the James Babson the James Babson Cooperage and Cooperage and Historical Historical Tool Museum. Each Museum. Please note that further Early 20th Century Views of overview photo of a section of the research has updated some of the Cooperage: These framed museum will be followed by photos historical details described in the photographs are further described in of individual inventory items. Enjoy! article. the following slides.

Closer View of Caption for Cooperage Exterior Image: Roger Babson wrote, "This Cooperage Shop was built in 1658 by James Babson, the first male Babson to Framed Photograph of Beaver Dam Framed Photograph of Cooperage come to America. James was Farm with Nugent Family Exterior (M301-19E): This Frederick Whittemore's grandfather (M302-19E): Note that the photograph of the cooperage nine generations back." Note that cooperage building is sandwiched building, with Roger Babson in the James Babson was given land in between the main house and an foreground and (presumably) Mrs. 1658; however, it is not confirmed attached outbuilding. The farmhouse Roger Babson in the doorway, was that the current building was had burned down by the early taken ca. 1930. constructed at the same time. 1920s. Image ca. 1900.

Closer View of Caption for Farmhouse Image (M302-19E): The caption reads as follows: "The Foster-Manning Beaver Dam Farm on the road to Gloucester, ca. 1900, Slanted Front Desk (W126-19E): with the Nugent family (its last This low-framed desk, with a occupants) posed in the foreground. slanted front, likely dates from the [The farm's] summer kitchen is now early years of the 20th century. It Alternate View of Slanted Front the Babson Cooperage Shop also shows signs of having had Desk: Desk shows some evidence Museum." some parts replaced. of repairs (W126-19E). Framed Photograph of Local View of Southeast Corner: Several Landscape (M149-19SE): This items in this view of the interior are matted and framed photograph likely Framed Print of Cooperage Shop further described in the following dates to the late 1800s and depicts Painting (M303-19SE): Signed by photographs. the Shore Line Road. artist, E. W. Thomas, 1989.

Framed Essay by Roger Babson (M304-19SE): Framed essay by Roger Babson, "The James Babson Barrel Hoops (C86-19SEC): These Place," dated September 1930, Block (C80a-19SEC): One of hoops, split from or describing historical details of the the many planes on display in the saplings, would have secured the American Babsons. Note that museum, this could barrel staves, top and bottom, on updated research has indicated that have been used for rough work, like barrels dating from the 17th and some of these details are a Jack Plane. Before 1820. 18th centuries. inaccurate.

Earthenware Jug (H157-19SER) and Other Storage Containers: Before the invention of plastic, Firkin Storage Bucket (H93-19SER): storage containers were made of Replica Barrel (C100-19SER): This Stained blue, with a curved wood or clay. The glazed and fired colonial-style replica barrel was "buttonhole hoop" wood handle, this ceramic earthen jug depicted here constructed in the early 20th century kind of storage bucket, called a could store up to two gallons of to illustrate 17th and 18th century "firkin," would have been used to liquid. The other items (barrel and barrel-making customs. The binding store a variety of food products, firkin) are described in the following hoops were cut from several including sugar, syrup, and photographs. varieties of sapling . butter. Firkin Buckets Large and Small (H93-19SW): More examples of View of Northeast Corner: Starting Barrel Tubs of Various Periods blue-stained firkin storage buckets. with an overview photo of each (C109-19NER): These barrel tubs Note the handle on the small firkin is section of the museum helps you can be distinguished primarily by the made of metal rather than wood (as (we hope) to imagine your way material used for the binding hoops-- in the previous image). through the collection. either saplings or metal.

Hay Forks (F72-19NEC) (F73-19NEC): These three-tined long-handled forks were used for moving hay and represent how Barrel Tub (C109-19NER): A third styles and materials of farming barrel tub style--the binding hoops equipment changed over the years. on this barrel are reflective of the The forged iron (F72-19NEC) is on Wooden Hay Fork (F73-19NEC): hoops on the small firkin storage the left; the wood (F73-19NEC) on Alternate view of this pre-18th buckets. the right. century hay fork.

View of Northeast Wall: These Wooden Hay Fork (F73-19NEC): and items of farming equipment will Close-up view. Note the Forged Iron Hay Fork (F72-NEC): be described in the following between the tines, for reinforcement. Close-up view of iron hay fork. photographs. Cowpoke (F70-19NE): This device would have been used to prevent a cow from either jumping over or sticking its head through a . The curved part would rest on the cow's neck, and something other than a whippletree would have hung Whippletree (F68-19NE): This wood Oxen Yoke (F66-19NE): This wood from the hook. Another example of a and iron leader-bar was used with and iron yoke is displayed upside cowpoke is in the northwest corner the oxen yoke to distribute weight down. Yokes were used with oxen to of the museum: See if you can spot and enable an evenly balanced help them work together. Likely it! "pull." Likely 1700s. 1700s.

Carpenter (W23-19NE): This adze tool was used by a Closer View of Ox Shoes or to scrape wood smooth. Ox Shoes (F71-19NE): Ox shoes (F71-19NE): The museum has The blade, beveled on the inside, is come in two pieces for each hoof, several pairs of ox shoes on display: set at right angles to the handle. due to the ox's cloven hooves. Can you spy the rest? 1800s.

Various Early Augers (C84-19NEC): Snowshoes (T63-19NE): It is Though superficially similar, each of interesting that the design and even these wrought iron augers has a the materials of the snowshoe have particular shape and a specific Closer View of Adze (W23-19NE): really not changed much at all. This purpose for coopering (barrel- Made of forged iron, by a pair seems to date from the late 19th making). The narrow auger on the blacksmith. The handle would have century, of wood and rawhide. A fair top left is called a "Pod Auger." been replaced as it wore out. amount of damage and wear. 1700s. Grain Shovel (F67-19NEC): Grain was always transferred with a wooden shovel. The iron strips and Closer View of Augers nails in the righthand quarter of the (C84-19NEC): The specific size and shovel indicate that this handmade shape of each auger determined its Augers Alternate View grain shovel has weathered at least purpose. Wooden handles would (C84-19NEC): Another view one major repair. The initials "DG" have likely been added for easier showing the variations among these are carved into the back of the grasping. 1700s. historic augers. handle. 1700s.

Wooden Clothes Wringer (P90-19NEC): This portable clothing wringer would be set on top Late 19th Century Equipment : Most View of Northeast Floor: A view of of a tub and an item of clothing of the items in this view would have several items displayed on the floor would be fed through as the handle been partially or wholly factory- in the northeast corner. These are was turned, squeezing out both manufactured: Each piece is described individually in the water and suds. Late 19th century in described more fully in following following photos. construction. slides.

Cased Foghorn by Lothrop (T102-19NE): Brass foghorn with Wooden Separator (P148-19NEC): working pump, in wooden case with This box-shaped wooden separator leather handle. Manufactured by L. Label for Lothrop Fog Horn with a bunghole, set on an elevated D. Lothrop & Sons. #1519. Late (T102-19NE): Follow-on from platform, dates from the late 1800s. 1800s. previous photo. Alternate View of Lothrop Fog Horn Alternate View of Fog Horn and British Iron Cannon (M173-19NEC): (T102-19NE): Case opened for Pump (T102-19NE): Foghorn and Iron cannon from a British frigate, closer view of foghorn. pump within wooden case. circa 1812.

Stock Knife (P62-19NEC): Also called a Block Knife. Made of wrought iron and used in carpenter's shop to cut rough wood shapes. Alternative View of Stock Knife Butter Churn (P99-19NE): Tapered Would have been secured to a (P62-19NEC): The curved end from bottom to top and made with stump or block with a forged hook would be hooked into a block for staves of cedar, a butter churn might for leverage. Late 1700s. leverage. be made by a .

Round Bent Wood Boxes (H6-19NEC): Two round bent wood Fork Cultivator (F136-19NE) plus boxes are in the collection, both Boxes and Bench: The five-tined Cheesemaker Bench (P107-19NE): stained blue. One of the covers curved iron fork would have been This small wooden table, used for (shown here, damaged, on top of fitted with a long pole handle. Late making cheese, has carry handles complete one) displays a sundial 1800s. See following images for on each end and a deep circle design carved into the surface. details about other pieces depicted carved in the center (for the cheese Boxes like these would have been here. wheel). 1800s. made by a cooper. Early 1800s. Sadlery Harness Vice (F88-19NE): Sadlery Bench (F117-19N): This This wooden harness vice was used wooden bench would have been to secure a saddle or harness for Alternative View of Wood Harness used with the previously described repairing (especially stitching). Early Vice (F88-19NE): Another view of Harness Vice, for sadlery work. 1800s. the wooden sadlery harness vice. Early 1800s.

Forged Iron Harness Vice Seafarer Trunk (T103-19NEC): This (F101-19NA): Like the wooden wooden trunk, stained blue and Umbrella Yarn Swift (M305-19NE): harness vice shown earlier, this iron showing some damage, is thought to Collapsible wooden yarn winder, model would have been used to have belonged to John Babson, the called an umbrella swift. Would be secure sadlery objects for repair. son of James and grandson of attached to a table edge with an Late 1800s. Isabela. Late 1600s. adjustable . 1800s.

Flax Carding Hatchel with Cover (P58-19N): This is a handmade carding tool for preparing flax linen Flax Hatchel (P58-19N) and Farm fibers for spinning. iron nails Farm Sledge (T61-19N): Wooden Sledge (T61-19N): See following have been positioned on a wooden sledges were tools for pulling heavy slides for descriptions of these panel and fitted with a wooden loads across grass, a precursor of items: (P58-19N) and (T61-19N). cover. Late 1700s. the wheelbarrow. 1700s. North Alcove of Museum with Pack Saddle (M306-19N): Wood Cresset and Corn Mill: See Cresset (L119-19N): This long- platform positioned on the back of a following slides for descriptions of poled cresset provided a cradle or horse or mule for carrying heavy Cresset (L119-19N) and Hand Corn rib cage container to hold resinous loads. Mill (P118-19N). wood for burning. 1800s.

Hand Corn Mill (P118-19N): Manufactured by the Ames Plow Company, this hand corn mill was used for grinding grain, coffee, spices, etc. Created in three sizes, Alternate View of Hand Corn Mill this mill could grind up to two (P118-19N): Close-up view of View of West Wall: The following bushels per hour. Depicted in 1893 handle on hand corn mill by Ames photographs highlight individual Ames Plow Co. catalog. Plow Company. Late 1800s. artifacts depicted in this overview.

Steelyard Scales (F69-19NW) Grain Flail (P120-19NW): Two Flax Spinning Wheel (P130-19SW): (F94-19NW): Two sets of balance attached wooden poles, one with a The distaff (the taller doweled piece scales with hooks, balance arms, bored hole and the other topped with at the back), though missing parts, and counterweights. Used for iron fitted with leather bands. Used distinguishes this as a flax linen weighing heavy items. Mid 1800s. for threshing corn or wheat. 1800s. spinning wheel. Early 1800s. Clock-Style Yarn Skeiner (P32-19SW): Four-legged yarn skeiner with decorative dowels and Cross-Framed Yarn Swift four arms. In the center of the stand (P106-19S): This swift would hold a is a -toothed circular gear lining skein of yarn while it is wound into a up with a horizontal rod ending in a ball or onto a spool. The holes in hub into which the skeiner arms are each of the four horizontal rods Closer View of Flax Spinning Wheel set. The saw teeth in the circle line allow for adjusting the (P130-19SW): Close-up view of up with the spiral cuts in the rod, circumference. Two of the four bobbin and other parts of flax turning the gear to keep track of the dowels are missing and a third is spinning wheel. wheel's revolutions. 1800s. broken. 1800s.

The Philadelphia Butter Worker (P203-19CSW): This butter-making tray, a large rectangular wood pan Yarn Reels (P130-19S): This with high sloping sides and a ribbed wooden stand with two horizontal roller, has a patent design date of Closer View of Philadelphia Butter doweled reels would have held spun March 13, 1875 and was advertised Worker (P203-19CSW): The ribbed yarn for storage or drying (after in the 1893 catalog of the Ames roller was manuvered along the dyeing). 1800s. Plow Company. gears by a hand crank.

Ropemaking Tool (F89-19CBW): This compact ropemaker would have had the wheel and the scored dowels connected by a narrow belt, and the strands of the rope would Alternate View of Farm Cheese have been attached to the metal Farm Cheese Press Press (M113-19SWC): Farm hooks on the dowels. Ropemaking (M113-19SWC): Wooden farm cheese press from a different required a large space to "walk" the cheese press with rope-driven pulley direction. Original red still strands into rope lengths. 1800s. system. Late 1800s. visible. Shaker Ladderback Chair with Rush Shaker Ladderback Chair with Seat (W97a-19EC): Six such chairs Rattan Seat (W97b-19EC): Six such are in the collection, all with similar chairs are in the collection, all with View of Center East Section: Chairs styling. Several have woven rush similar styling. Several have woven and tabletop items are described in seats as displayed in this image. rattan seats as displayed in this the following photographs. Mid-1800s. image. Mid-1800s.

Tin Lamp Filler Can (M154-19CTN): Maplewood Scoop (H15-19CTE): With a squat base to prevent Boston Rocker (F98-19NC): Dark- Carved from maple, this scoop, with spilling, and a long thin spout, this stained, with decorative dowels. its handle rest (or hook) was used tin object was designed to optimize Constructed with both wood pegs for scooping flour and other dry its purpose. Lamplighting and iron nails. 1800s. goods. Early 1800s. equipment. Early 1800s.

Wheelwright (C12-19SW): Forged Hand Tool (M307-19SW): Hammering tool made from a Forged iron tool with wood handle, Apple Parer (P156-19NC): Hand- burl with a hickory handle. Late possibly used as a screwdriver. turned apple parer; constructed of 1700s. 1800s. wood and metal. 1800s. Horizontal Keg (C208-19NWR): View of Northwest Corner : Wooden keg for storing liquids, with Alternate View of Apple Parer Individual items seen in this image metal and wood handles, metal (P156-19NC): View of handle and are described in following hoops, and cork bung hole. Late wheel of apple parer. photographs. 1800s.

Large Barrel Tub and Barrel Hoops (C205-19NWC)(C86-19NWC): Large wooden barrel tub with wood Barrel Staves (W195-19NWC): Miniature Wooden Keg (C9-19CTE): hoops (damaged). Displayed with Barrel staves were often split (rived) Bound wood keg, open on one end, several sizes of wooden barrel from by local farmers during the with sectagonal interior. Could have hoops (typically split from hickory or winter, for bartering with the local been used as a model. Early 1900s. chestnut saplings). Various periods. cooper.

Straw Bee Skep (P122-19NW): Unidentified Cast Iron Object Honeybees were imported to the (M308-19NW): This cast iron, wall- colonies from England in the early Wall Mount Coffee Grinder mounted, object was originally 17th century. Skeps made of straw (P123-19NW): Wall-mounted cast labeled as a carriage step (#36). and reed, in a domed shape, were iron grinder for coffee beans or This identification cannot yet be used until the middle of the 19th spices. Late 1800s. confirmed. Late 1800s. century. Damaged. Netted Glass Ball (M121-19NW): Glass floats such as Wood Screw Clamps (2) this pale green ball were attached to Wood Bar Clamps (2) (W310-19NW): Wood screw clamps netting and used by fishermen from (W309-19NW): Two adjustable such as these adjustable tools were the mid-1800s. Also called a Witch wooden bar clamps, used for used for woodworking projects. Late Ball. woodworking. Late 1800s. 1800s.

Large Walking Spinning Wheel (P131-19NWC): Early American Cobbler Bench (P116-19N): spinning wheel which would be used and storage for making Close View of Cobbler Bench while standing or walking. Lacks one or repairing shoes and boots. Storage (P116-19N): Close-up view leg and wheel has some damage Includes shoe lasts and other of built-in storage cabinet for but overall in good condition. 1700s. equipment. Late 1800s. cobbler's tools.

Lasting Pincer (P316-19NEC): Shoemaker's pincer tool with dual Alternate View of Cobbler Bench Cobbler Forms (P198-19NW): purpose: It pulls leather upper over (P116-19N): Close-up of work area Collection of shoe forms or lasts in sole and pounds in tacks to hold on cobbler's bench, including shoe cobbler's bench work area. Late uppers and soles in place. Early lasts. 1800s. 1800s. Handmade Cobbler Form Cobbler Boot Vice (P116a-19N): Cobbler Hammers (2) (P311-19NW): (P19-19NW): Wooden patterns for Made to fit into "chair" of Cobbler's Forged iron cobbler's hammers for shoe soles, both adult and child Bench, to hold boot for repair work. pounding leather. 1800s. size. Late 1800s. Late 1800s.

Farrier Nippers (3)(F199-19NEC): Forged iron blacksmith's tools for shoeing horses (and oxen?). Three Farrier Toolbox (B114-19NW): Low- nippers (also called pincers) are sided wooden box with central carry shown in this photograph (2 large Farrier File (P196-19NEC): handle (including storage areas. and 1 small). Depending on size, Cast iron file used for blacksmithing Likely used by a blacksmith for these removed nails or old shoe (farriery) as well as for woodworking performing farrier work. 1700s. from horse hooves. Mid-1800s. (joinery). 1800s.

Tooled Leather Chest (W115-19N): Hand-tooled cowhide-covered Cricket Stool (W175-19N): Wooden Gout Stool (W96-19N): Unique foot wooden box with decorative footstool with bench end design. and calf rest with two boards fitted in metalwork, including copper Early 1800s. X-design. Early 1900s. nailheads. Lock (no key). 1800s. Trunnels and Beam Fragment (W14-19CBW): Four wooden pegs ("tree nails" or "trunnels") with beam Carpenter Beetle (C96-19N): Closer view of Tooled Leather Chest remnant, taken from Nugent's Barn Striking head is iron-banded on both (W115-19N): Close-up of cowhide- (cellar hole by Beaver Dam rock ends. Useful mallet for covered wooden box. next to museum). 1700s. projects. 1800s.

American Broad (W7-19NE): Forged iron with poll, straight wood Closer View of Carpenter Beetle handle. Has manufacturer's stamp. (C96-19N): Sturdy wooden mallet Axe style used for squaring timber Closer View of American Broad Axe with iron banding for reinforcement. logs. Early 1800s. (W7-19NE): Early 1800s.

Green Glass Demijohn (H110-19WR) and Small Wooden Platform (M185-19WR): The large oval green demijohn (4 gallons) is Single Sheave Pulley (M209-19WR): blown glass and was used for Large wooden pulley with iron storage. The platform is curved on View of West Wall: Artifacts visible sheave. Measurements are 30" x one edge and reinforced with in this view are described in the 10" x 4"; has an unusual trapezoid on underside: its use is following photographs. shape. 1800s. unclear. Tin Candle Wall Sconces (2) (L7677-19WH) and Strap Hinge (B55-19WH): Tin sconces such as Shot Snake Powder Belt this, with a round crimped top and (M172-19WH): Called a "shot the sides folded in slightly (shown snake" because of its shape, this flattened), would have reflected Bootjack (P57-19WH): Wooden powder belt is believed to have been candlelight from the backplate. The bootjack used for removing heavy worn at Concord in April 1775 strap hinge, made of forged iron, is a boots. Initials carved into wood: (beginning of the Revolutionary standard design with a tulip end originally "DP," changed to "DB." War). (1700s). Standard design circa 1800.

Early American Flintlock Musket Flintlock Musket Lockplate (M176-19WH): Connecticut variant Alternate View of Flintlock Musket (M176-19WH): This flintlock musket of the Eli Whitney Contract Musket, (M176-19WH): Musket from (M176-19WH) was created around ca. 1812-1816 (when "N. Haven" Connecticut, (M176-19WH), ca. 1812-1816. Note the "N. Haven" was scrolled forward of cock). 1812-16. marking forward of the cock.

Replica Barrel (C100-19WH) and Three-Legged Iron Skillets (4) Large Brass Kettle (H183-19WH) (H48128129133-19WH): The Medium Copper Kettle unfinished barrel serves as a (H312-19WH) Iron Crane demonstration of barrel-making. In (H193-19WH): The brass kettle reality, the staves would have been (center foreground) is 18" diameter made from separate pieces, not and flat-bottomed with a handle. carved from a single piece as Hanging from the 30" iron crane is a depicted here. Four cast iron Cast Iron Cauldron (H190-19WH): medium-sized copper kettle, flat- skillets, with legs, are visible in the Large cast iron cooking pot, with bottomed and with handle. background (late 1700s). handles and three legs. Forged Iron Andirons (L200-19WH): These andirons would have been Cast Iron Kettle with Ring forged by a blacksmith, perhaps as (H202a-19WH): The cast iron kettle a bespoke (commissioned) job. The hangs by its handle from the hook Well Hook on Chain (M207-19WH): decorative curves and curls on the and has a "pouring ring" on the This four-pronged iron hook would front surfaces might have served a lower half as well as a large lip along likely have been hung in a well practical purpose, as well. the brim. originally (1800s).

Gum-Style Barrels (2) (C104-19NWC) (C105-19NWC): These hollowed-out tree trunks, one Portable Foot Warmer large and one small, were the most (L159-19WH): Made of punched tin primitive kind of storage barrel. with doweled wood accents, this foot Time-consuming to create, the base warmer contains a small tin box to and cover would have been made carry hot coals and would have been Tin Pitcher (H313-19WH): Pitcher from wood boards cut to fit and used for long carriage rides or made from tinplate, rolled and nailed to the trunks. during church service. late 1800s. soldered. Early 1800s.

Cast Iron Pots with Legs and Handles (2) (H47-19WH) (H127-19WH): Of similar size and Grub Hoe (F134-19WH): Cast iron shape, one of the pots has a long View of West Wall Hearth: In the farming tool fitted with long wood handle; the other retains only a nub following photographs, items on pole handle. Used for digging and of the original handle. 1800s. view here are described. tilling soil. 1800s. Double Crusie Lamp (L18-19WH): Also called a Phoebe lamp, this double lamp was made of iron. The smaller base would rest in the larger one, and the bowl would be filled with fat or oil. A piece of reed or other material would be used as a wick, and, as the lamp burned, oil would drip into the lower bowl for later re-use. This lamp could be Cast Iron Flat Iron (P29-19WH): Fire Tongs (L135-19WH): Cast iron hung or set on a flat surface. Used for pressing clothing and with decorative finial. 3' long. Early Popular from the 16th to the 18th household fabrics. 1800s. 1800s. centuries. Late 1700s.

Cast Iron Dipper Pots (2) (H153-19WH): Two pots Powder Horn (M210-19WH): manufactured by Cresson & Co. Possibly made from a cow horn, this (stamped on bases). One is 1 quart; Cast Iron Ice Tongs (H124-19WH): powder holder has a wooden cap the other is 3 pints (and is cracked). Tongs used for moving blocks of ice. and a rope sling. Late 1700s. Ca. 1850. 1800s.

Cooper Divider (T3-19WH): Made Soapstone Warmer (L56-19WH): of forged iron, this cooper's divider/ Soapstone (talc-schist) holds heat scribe would have been very well and so was popularly used View of Southwest Corner: Items useful for measuring circles for the as a bedwarmer or footwarmer (for visible in this photograph are base and cover of barrels. 1700s. long carriage rides) in the 1800s. described in the following slides. Mast (2) (W211-19SCD) and Planes Set (15) (W87-19SCD): These two-handled large and small mast Mounted Half Hull Boat Model were used as barrel- tools, Blacksmith Shop Sign (M144-19S): Mounted on display flattened versions of the open (B194-19SW): Large yellow and boards, half hull boat models scorper. The 15 molding planes are blue painted forged iron shop sign. enabled shipwrights to finalize ship displayed in an easy-access wooden The words "Shoeing Repairs" are designs before initiating case. These planes were used to still visible. 1800s. construction. 1800s. create decorative moldings.

Tap Auger (C83-19SCD) and Spiral Hoop Cutter (C85-19SCD) and Augers (2) (C313-19SCD): The tap Cooper (2) auger cut a tapered hole in a barrel (C139140-19SCD) : The cooper's (to be plugged with cork); the spiral vises are positioned on either side of augers enabled the wood chips and the hoop cutter. All three are made Mast Drawknife (W211-19SCD): dust to pass through the bored hole of wood and iron, with foot pedals; One of several examples of this (useful when boring wood pipes or however, the vices have slightly forged, two-handled, bevelled, creating holes for pinning and joining curved tops, and the cutter is barrelmaking tool. Used for finishing beams with trunnels (tree nails). identified with the manufacturer rough-hewn boards. 1700s. 1800s. name, "D. Lamson's." 1800s.

Half Round Iron Barrel Hoops (2) Leather Fire Bucket (M188-19SW): (C201-19SW) and Wood Barrel Leather bucket used for fire-fighting: Open Scorper (W22-19SW): Two- Hoops (C86-19SW): Various Every household had one. One handled curved drawknife used in periods and styles of barrel hoops, brass ring remains, as do some blue barrelmaking for hollowing out wood both forged iron and sapling bands. paint/stain fragments. Early 1800s. and smoothing surfaces. 1800s. Alternate View of Windlass: Coopers would use a windlass to Fireplace Bellows (L132-19SW): Windlass (C137-19SW): Four- tighten rope around the top of the For fanning coals into flame: These armed wooden windlass used for barrel staves, holding them in place household bellows are made of cinching or hauling. 1700s. for hooping (C137-19SW). wood and leather.

Dogtown Boulders Informational Poster (M315-19SW): This flyer Strap Hinges (5) (B55-19SW): Glass Double Inkwell (M27-19SW) provides a headshot of Roger Along with the hinge displayed and Leather Covered Inkwell Babson, along with a quotation from above the hearth, these strap hinges (M28-19SW): The glass double his 1935 biography, _Actions and are smithed from wrought iron with inkwell includes a quill rest and was Reactions_, in which he describes either "tulip" or "lima bean" manufactured by Frank A. Weeks. his reason for creating the Dogtown terminals, forged with closed hinge The leather-covered inkwell has no boulders. Several boulders are also sockets. 1700s. identifying marks. Late 1800s. depicted.

Assorted Barrel Planes Closer View of V Croze (C80-19SW): Depicted here are V Groove Croze Plane Plane (C80e-19SW): Carved into various styles and periods of barrel (C80e-19SW): This croze plane is the side of this plane are the planes, including Block, , used to cut a v-groove in wood. numbers Sun, and Smoothing Planes. 1800s. 1800s. "04-2347130" (unidentified). Kerfing Saw Plane (C80c-19SW): Kerfing makes tiny evenly spaced Drop Leaf Table (W182-19WC): cuts in the wood, to enable bending Closer View of Kerfing Saw Plane: Painted table with leaves extended. it into a curved shape. 1800s. (C80c-19SW) Early 1900s.

Wheelwright Combination Tool (C16-19CTN): A cast and wrought tool which combines a spiral auger and a reamer. Enables boring and widening a wheel hub at the same Assorted Artifacts on Display: Items Hooked Rug Needle (P17-19CTN): time. Originally painted bright red, on view in this photograph are Sliding wood and metal tool for with a maple wood bar handle. Late described in the following slides. making hooked loop rugs. 1800s.

Bed Wrench (W5-19CTN): Also Wrought Iron Claw Hammer known as a Bed Key, this tool was Rustic Canow Trough (M8-19CTN): (F317-19CTN): Short claw and used for tightening rope beds. A small hollowed out log with blue- large head; used for iron nails. Long Carved from wood, with wooden bar green residue inside. Used as soap wood handle. 1800s. handle. 1800s. dish. 1800s. Neck Yokes (2) (F91-19CTN): Also known as Burden Carriers, these are Hand Carved Mortar and Pestle wooden shoulder yokes designed to Shop Made Mortar and Pestle (H13-19CTN): Rustic mortar made help humans balance heavy items (H10147-19CTN): Wooden mortar from a hollowed out tree limb; pestle (water buckets, etc.). Such yokes and pestle for grinding herbs, etc. carved from branch (different woods were often carved to size for 1800s. used). 1700s. individuals. 1700s.

Top View of Split Log Workbench Large Hand Hewn Log Bench (W181-19CW): Embedded iron (W184-19WC): Created from log Split Log Workbench (W181-19CW): nails, chopping, and staining split and planed on both top and Rustic bench made from hand-hewn indicate that this bench was used bottom. Legs mortised through split log. Late 1700s. heavily. bench top. Early 1800s.

Unidentified Wooden Object (M318-19C): Can you figure out what this object is? Could it be a buoy? Or what? Let us know!