Dancing with the Elephant by K.L

Dancing with the Elephant By K.L. Billingsley I ate last October, In what would become perhaps the ^ ^bost significant moment in t||' female aviation history since Amelia Earhart dropped from radio contact into the Pacific, Navy L.. Lt. Kara Hultgreen took off from San Diego's Miramar Naval Air Station in a Grumman F-14A Tomcat. The 29-year-old Hull- ^• green was the first of only two 'yfj women to qualifyas pilotsof the Navy's premier fighter since na- ...... val policy was changed on the is- j sue of women in combat early in |pHuK|j||^ 1993. EverythingHultgreen did, B therefore, had the feel of symbol- ^ ism. She was not only a fighter f pilotbut also someone whocar- ried thebanner of gender equity, whether she wanted to or not— an airborne white female equiva- lent of Jackie Robinson whom fate had appointed to shoulder others' hopes and fears as she climbed into the cockpit. iMplffiiii On this dear fall afternoon, Hultgreen chmbcd to cniising altitude and then flew southwest toward the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln, which awaited her some 50 miles off shore. Setting up her approach, she Navy Lt. Kara llullgreen swung herplane to the"abeam" posi tion l.I to 1.2 miles from the ship, at caused promoters ofwomen incombat todeclare victory "vicious" misogyny. approximately 600 feet inelevation and with 180 degrees The communications from Navy personnel that fol of turn remaining before her landing. Herair speed was and to attack critics of the new policy such as Linda approximately 155 mph asshe prepared to"call the ball." Chavez, who had written aboutHultgreen's death weeks lowed the accident were anonymous not because those who sent them were cowardly or chauvinistic, or be areference tothevisual glidescope provided byascries of earlier in her USA Today column: "It's been almost two cause their authors hated Hultgreen. They were anon Fresnellenseson the carrier's deck. Justafter threeo'clock. years since the Department of Defense started its Brave ymous because, in today's Navy, any public expres Lt. MatUiew Klemish, the Radar Intercept Officer riding New World campaign to put woman in combat roles, sion critical of gender neutrality, or any complaint about behind the pilot, said, "One oh three. Tomcat ball. and the casualties are starting to mount....Morale and Hultgreen," asLt. Hultgreen swung into her final approach. military readiness are clearly strained by the Penta double standards favoring women, can terminate the gon's attempt to ignore human biology and psycho speaker's career. "Roger ball," replied the Landing Signal Officer (LSO) Anyone doubtful that this is .so shouldconsider the from the deck as Hultgreen made her final turn. logy. [Under such conditions) it's doubtful that any hon Thestarboard engine wasspewing exhaust butnoth est investigation into Hultgreen's tragic death is even case of Lt. Cmdr. Kenneth Carkhuff, an officer with a ing came from theport engine. Wliether because ofthat or possible." superb record—"unlimited potential" and "destined for some other problem, Hultgreen swung wide of the Tlie.se views infuriated California Sen. Barbara command and beyond," said his fitness rcport.s—who is ccntcrline, critical for an accurate landing. Her F-14 then Boxer, who said, after the Navy released its report, "I being drummed outof theNavy forexpressing hisbelief began to yaw tothepilot's left. "Wave off," the Landing urge Chavez to withdraw the scurrilous and irrespon that women should not be subjected to the violence of combat. At the .same time, he told his commanding offic Service Office said with relative calm. But then he shouted sible charges made about women in the military." In a ers of that belief, he also said he was willing to go into "Wave off!" twice more with escalating urgency as the similar vein, liberal columnist Ellen Goodman wrote; plane's air speed dropped dangerously. At that moment, "So it was the engine after all. Not the pilot. Lt. Kara combat with women if so ordered. On January 29, tlie Navy moved to dismiss him for "substandard perfor theLSOalso usedhiselectronic"pickle"to flash warning Hultgreen did not die on the altar of 'political correct lights ondeck. "Power! Raise your gear!" heyelled into ness' or 'preferential treatment' or 'reverse discrimina mance" in the "failure to demonstrate acceptable qualities themicrophone from hisplatform beside thedeck, anarea tion.' She died because the F-14 Tomcat stalled as it of leadership required of an officer in your grade as surrounded bya netintowhich theLSOs candiveindan approached the aircraft carrier." Boxer and Goodman evidenced by your refusal to support and execute the gerous situations. But now Hultgreen's fighter was bank may have thought that they had trumped Chavez in the policies of the Department of Defense and United Slates ing steeply to the left and wasi/i extremis, beyond the point intramural waramong feminists overthemeaning of the Navyregarding women in combat." Giventhis reality.I will guard the identities of two of no return. Only one option remained. accident, but the basic issues still remained unresolved "Eject! Eject!" screamed the LSO. Radar Officer aftertheNavy report's attempt toaffirm theidea ofwomen of my sources for this stoiy. both F-14 pilots who arc former TopGun insuuctors at Miramar. each with thou Klemish initiated theejectionprocedure. Hischuteopened, in combat. and he got one swing in the air before splashing to the It was not accurate to simply say that the Tomcat sands of hours in the plane. One of them is a Landing surface with only minor injuries. But by the time Lt. had "stalled," Even the Navy report said that only one ServiceOfficerqualified to landany aircraft in the fleet. Hultgreen had ejected a fraction ofasecond later, the F-14 engine malfunctioned. The F-14A can fly, and land, The other is a former safely officcr as well. These two of had rolled so far that it catapulted the pilot directly into quite well with one engine, and Lt.Hultgreen knew allthe ficers reviewed with me the official materials, the com munications sent by anonymous aviators,and the Navy's the water. It was not until November 13 that a salvage team procedures forboth ofthese functions before she evergot discovered her body in 4,000 feetof water, still strapped in thecockpit. "Single engine emergencies arcdiscussed video of the crash. intotheejectionseat thatrestedsome90 yardsawayfrom and trained to daily in flight briefs and simulators," The worldof Navy aviation is a small one with few the sunken aircraft. The first female combat pilot to fly the the Navy reporton the accident says. Whether she was secrets, and both men know key players in the incident, tliough neitherhad spoken out before this article. They F-14 had become the first to die. sufficiently good at handling those emergencies is another question. agree with each other in the conclusions they draw about i 6A completeunderstanding of allof the facts lead- Tlie fevered statements of Boxer, Goodman, and otli- this mishap: Pilot error was indeed involved, and Lt. .Zi.ingtothismostunfortunate accidentwillnever ers worried that the accident would set back women's par Kara Hultgreen was given special treatment in training. | be known,"saidAdmiral R.J.Spanein theNavy'sofficial ticipation incombat confirmed tliat they knew little about These two men believe that the record also shows that 3 report on the accident, released on February 28. Yet de Naval aviation and had not read carefully the Navy report the Navy has been less than truthful in this incident as well | spite thisapparent agnosticism, the Navy tried towave off or theanonymous letters ofotherNavyflyers whosaw the as on questions involving women in combat in general. | the whole incident by blamingit on engine failure. That accident as avoidable, letters they simply dismissed as Instead of candidly facing the conclusions that might ^ PAGE 13 HETERODOXY

of seven. One of the naval fiyers who called in to a San be drawn from this incident, these pilots believe, the Navy "Any landing isacontrolled crash," says one of the formerTop Guninstructors whom Iinterviewed.The mas Diego radio station in tlie aftermatli ofthe crash said that, continues to move forward blindly with policies that as a trainer, he had votedto lakeaway thewingsof pilots could mean the needless deatli of our uoops or of civil sive F-14A NATOPS manual (Naval Aviation Tactical Operating Procedures Standardization) is replete with with grades of3.4to3.6. Athird F-14 pilot I interviewed iansand the loss of expensive equipment, not to mention agreed thatsucha ruling would notbe unusual. the loss of a combat engagement to our foes. EXTREME CAUTION warnings. "Everytimeyouseethat, it'swritten inblood," says theother F-14 pilot who agreed TheNavy considered Hultgreen a fully qualified and As the first exhibit in this case, these pilots point to the tospeak for this article. "It means that someone has been above-average pilot. Butboth Top Gun pilots, one ofwhom plane itself. As Saddam Hussein and others have injured or killed during thatprocedure." has landed on carriers out of fuel and with his plane shot up,say thereis moreto thestory. learned bydirectexperience, when anF-14Tomcat iscom Kara Hultgreen would have been familiar with ing after you, you've definitely got a problem. The all- all those danger warnings and the procedures for landing with one engine; she would have memorized a All combat pilots must be able to land on carriers, day weather F-I4A can hit speedsexceeding Mach2 andsoar ornight. Butthatsituation, as tricky asitcanbe,does to altitudes above 50,000 feet. It can track 24 different number of steps to take in emergency situations. She had flown the EA6B for years, logging what the Navy not approach the physical demands of actual combat, a targets sinuiltaneously and shoot down sixofthem atonce supersonic slugfest that can easily stretch the human with its Phoenix AIM-54A missiles. said was"considerable flight time"before movingon to the F-14, a plane tlmt is far trickier to land. "The F-14 frame and mind beyond the breaking point. Pilots must Few pilots get to fly this $38-million weapon, contend with g-forces that can black them out, hot which also packs several tons ofsophisticated air-to-ground is the most difficult airplane to land aboard," she told the Navy Times. "Tlie lineup to land is very difficult.... conditions in the cockpit, and, of course, a well-armed ordinance and a Mk-6IA1 Vulcan 20mm cannon. But foe trying to kill them. Based on the clear strength the Grumman engineerswhodesignedthe F-14A, opera It was the challenge they made it out to be." She made that statement just days before crashing as she attemp differences, it remains dubious if women could compete tional since 1973, did so without any consideration with men on an equal basis in a shooting situation. And, that any woman would everfly it.According totheNaty ted that very maneuver. At the same time, she also told the Times that tliere had been "incrcdible pressure to per asGeorge Will has pointed out, sending the second-best in Times, there are nine concerns for women with the a military situation is like having the second-best poker F-14A and other aircraft: helmets; urine collection devices form"andthatwaswhysheand CareyLohrenz, tlieother female combatpilot,hadasked theNavyto keepthe me hand. You have two choices: Bluff or fold. (there are none for women on most aircraft); torso har One of the Miramar Top-Gun trainers has heard nesses; survival vests; anti-exposure coveralls; flyer's dia away during their training. covcralls; anti-gsuits;andcold-weather andsummer jack Muchof that "incredible pressure" came as a result reports from other aviators that Hultgreen failed to of the Tailhook scandal of September 1991 in Las Vegas. even getherwheels down ondeck during a night-landing ets and boots. exercise. (Pilots need six of these to qualify.) According Of these, helmets are particularly important. That wild affair launched a witch hunt and gave anti-mili Standard helmets are generally too big for women, be tary types inCongress such asPat Schroeder a powerful to this pilot and others, a mistake of that magnitude at that stage of training would be enough to get most cause their faces are narrower than men's. A shifting pretext touse ininfiicting a PC agenda regarding women helmet is dangerous, and hair worn outside of a helmet on the armed forces. "Tlierewassocial engineering well pilots cashiered. The Navy Times noted that Hultgreen "had disqualified during her first trip to the carrier is a fire hazard. Navy officials told the Navy Times beforeTailhook," saysoneof theTopGun trainers. "That that"politically it isn't accepiable to tel! female aviators justbrought itintotheforefront andgave Schrocder some during F-14 training this April (1994]," adding how ever that such a development was "not unconunon among to have short hair," a confession that politics trump thing to hook on." practice and a possible reference to an incident in which student pilots." Tlie Navysays that about25 percentof pilotsdis Sen. Barbara Boxer chastised a commander who sent a After Clinton's election, the restrictions on women fiy- female pilot home for refusing to keep her hair under ingin combat were soon lifted. The Navy, knowing qualify their first time. But both of theflyers who spoke to me say that, following a "down," the normal proce her helmet. thata Democratic Congress would be eyeing themilitary Custom-designing equipment for women, which budget, was desperate toshake theTailhook stigma byfind dure is some sort of formal review, such as a Fleet Naval the Navy is doing, is a complicated and expensive ing and showcasing qualified women pilots, who lobbied Aviators Review Board followed by remedial training. process.In addition to equipment, there is the plane Congress in uniform and appeared for thepress in flight Apparently Hultgreen had not been subjected to such a itself. From the beginning of its career, the F-14 has suits, both breaches of the rules. Hence the pressure to board hearing, something thatwould havebeen standard proved adifficult and,particularly with theTF-30 engine, perform for their two prime candidates. And with it the forany male fiyer. "Maybe she would not have survived dangerous aircraft. A relatively small percentage temptation to cut them some slack. the Fleet Naval Aviators Review Board decision," said one of male Navy aviators has the ability to fly the F-14 Hultgreen came toSanDiego's Fighter Squadron VF- naval aviator in a fax to a local radio station, "but she would successfully. 213 known as the Black Lions in May 1993.She worked be alive." Amongthe female ranks the Navy had found only out of Miramar, home of the Replacement Air Group or InApril 1994, about thetime Hultgreen wasfailing twocandidates, Kara Hultgreenand Lt. JO CareyLohrenz. RAG. The RAG commander, interestingly enough, was to qualify, Lt. Ellen B. Hamblet, a Navy reservist and According to Lt.Cmdr. Tom Pokorski, a Navy investiga Tom Sobieck, who had caught considerable flak over formerintelligence officerforanearly-warning squadron, tor and authorof a study on musclestrengthrequired for Tailhook even though, as withmanyotherofficers, it was wrotean articlein the Navy journal Proceedings entitled aviators, pilot strength isn'tanissue "untilsomething goes far from clear whether he had actually done anything "Who's to Blame When Women Don't Measure Up?" wrong. Ifthey losehydraulics oranengine or twoengines, wrong. Butofficers under Sobieck's command saythathe Hamblet cited the case of a female pilot who blew a tire itgetsreallytoughtoflytheplane."Having saidthis.Com felt he was"underthe gun" and that pushing women in andranofftherunway. Thispilotwas"praisedbytoplead mander Pokorski is quick to add, "The thing is we don't combat waspartof hisatonement. "Theman wascapable ershipfor keeping her wits abouther but thegeneralcon want to discriminate against anyone." of putting pressure on his junior ofiicers," says one of sensus among thejuniorofficers was thatif a male pilot The Miramar Top Gun trainer and Landing Service F-14 veterans who spoke to me. had done the same thing, he would have been severely Officer who gave background for this article boasts an Combat pilot training usually takes six to seven disciplined." impressive physique but saysthathe often required two months, andtherearefewrightsto privacy. Everylanding Hamblet also notes the case of "a woman near hands on the stick. Kara Hultgreen herself told the Navy is filmed and graded, with the grades posted in orderof the bottom of her class being allowed to continue at the Times that flying the F-14 was like "dancing with an el achievement in the "ready room." These grades follow training command...because the commanding officer ephant—you have to be very careful and stay one step pilots wherever theygo.Oneterm used intheNavy's Tac needed to keep a female instructor." Hamblet funher ahead of the airplane." tical Shipboard Training Assessment (TSTA) isa "down," charged that women were "being allowed to carrier qual Despite charges thatthose critical oftheNavy's waf which indicates an unsatisfactory performance in a criti ify, although they didn't meet the required standards." fling on theaccident wereanti-woman, most of thenaval cal area.Asthetermcleariy denotes, sucha mistake could And while stories of mishaps involving male aviators flyers who spoke out about thecrash were respectful of mean a plane and pilot going down. seem to end with the words "so he lost his wings," stories Hultgreen andfeltthatherdeath wasa lossto theservice. On February 28, 1995, when theNavy released its about women often end in "and can you believe she is "There is no dishonor or disgrace in making a mistake in reporton the Hultgreen accident, I attended a presscon still flying?" the most difficult task in aviation—landing on a carrier ference at the North Island Naval Air Station in Coronado Many female Navy personnel, including some pi deck," editorialized the Navy Times on March 13. at whichI askedAdmiral Jay B. Yakeley, commander of lots, share Hamblet's views, which correspond to those of "[Hultgreen], like her malecolleagues, dead or alive,are CarrierGroupThree,ifLt. Hultgreen hadany"downs"on theanonymous Navyfaxerwho wrotea San Diegoradio heroes forrisking tlieirlivesevery time thcycatapuU."The her record. Momentarily startled,Yakeley responded that station after the accident that Hultgreen "was an accident twopilotswhospoketo meagreewiththatsentiment, and she did indeed have one but did not elaborate and quickly waiting to happen, every one of her squadron mates knew it pained them to watch the video of the crash. added that manyother pilots also have them. The Navy it. but they could not speak up for fear of reprisal." "Hie reportreleasedthatdaydoesnotusetheterm"down,"but Top Gun F-14 trainers I spoke to agree and note that spe Kara Hultgreen, who aspired to be an astronaut, held a it docsrefer to a "mishap"by Hultgreen that was"being cial treatment continued after the accidcnt.lt is a view cor degree in aerospace engineering from the Univer counted as a wave-off," adding that the pass "should not- roborated by the Navy Times, which wrote: "TWo Navy sity of Texas. As tlie Navy Times observed, "Hultgreen be included on [Hultgreen's] landing gradecalculations," internalmessagessent in the daysafter the mishap—-which had been one of a group of female pilots outspoken whichthe Navy calculated as3.083(outof a possible4),a outline that Hultgreen had gone too wide on her approach and active in pushing the Navy and Congress toward performance "slightlybelow average compared with the and caused her engine to stall as she tried to correct it- dropping combat exclusion for women." And when the rest of the Air Wing." were quietly recalled." exclusion was lifted she said "it was sort of like wom Was this "mishap" the "down" to which Admiral The Navy gave Hultgreen an elaborate funeral at en being able to vote for the first time. It was historic. 1 Yakeley referred? I have asked the Navy, in writing, to Arlington, with many dignitaries in attendance. It is felt super." provide thecircumstances ofLt.Hultgreen's down,whether not normal practice to retrieve downed planes from "hie analogy was a stretch. Anybody can vote, but there were any injuries, what sort of boards reviewed her depths of 4,000 feet (downed male pilots, says one F-14 not anybody can land a fighter on the heaving deck of an action,and whatkindof remedialtrainingshe was required veteran, are regularly abandoned "to become part of aircraft carrier in a space of several hundred feet. TTiat's to undertake.The Navy has yet to respond. the foodchain" and their planes left in the drink), but the what they do in the Navy, all over the world, day and Tlie Navy also told ihe San Diego Union-Tribune Navy did so without hesitation in Hultgreen's case. night, 24 hours a day. The pilot who can't put the aircraft that last July Hultgreen scored 3.24 on field carrier land The Navy estimates this cost at $100,000. In another un down "on the boat," however smooth his or her landings ing practice, placing third in a class of seven. On her day usual move, the Navy gave a copy of Hultgreen's flight on dry land, is out of his or her league here. It's dangerous landings on the carrier she scored 3.22, with a boarding grades to her mother, Sally Spears of San Antonio—but business, as the six Navy aviator fatalities during Desert rate of 89 percent, first in class of seven. Her night grade not to the press.And two days before the Navy released its Storm indicate. 2.82 with a 71 percent boarding ranked her sixth in class February 28 report to the press, Mark Galpin, a commander Navy leaders whoallowsubordinates tocontinuedoing in HuUgrcen's unit,flewtoSanAntonio to briefSpears stall warning system." In addition, "the Landing Ser on the results of the investigation and to presenther with vice Officer call for wave-off was extremely timely, but jobs for which they are not qualified....Thc true fault a complete copy of the 6-inch thick official reportand subsequent pilot technique permitted Angle of Attack lies with senior officers who refuse, for whatever rea sons. to offer honest feedback and criticism and to en the Navy video of the accident. to increase to a pointwhere rudder effectiveness began It might be noted that when the Navy released to be reducedto nil and departurefromcontrolledflight force tough, unpopular decisions. They are perpetuat its first report on theTailhook scandal virtually nobody was imminent." ing a terrible disservice to the poorerperformers, who are allowed to continue in an atmosphere where they believed it. The document only confirmed press suspi The report further says that in Hultgreen's trendanalysis, "her tendency was to make largepower cannot compete safely. At the sametime, they alsoare cions that there was more to the story than the Navy cheating mostof theoutstanding personnel—both men waslettingon. Butthe Hultgreen report, since it had a additions on the start due to a lineup or perceived politically correct message, elicited the opposite glidescope deviation which caused her to go high in and women—who crave and deserve a challenge to per response.When some reporters asked forthe fullreport, the middle to in close and make adequate corrections formto theirutmostcapacity, operatinginan atmosphere the Navy told them they would haveto file a Freedom on the ramp tocatch middle wires." Soshehad appar of excellence." These lough words from a female officer are of Information Act request. Yet what was released for ently made similar lineup errors before—and the Navy public consumption isenough toraise doubts, ifreport knew it. (The San Diego Union-Tribune, citing Navy backed up by the tough editorial of the Navy Times, which said thai "the Navy,still sensitiveover Tailhook ers had taken the lime to study it. sources, saidinearlyApril thattheNavy hadrigged the The report blames the crash on a mid-compres- tests.) andgender, has goneoutof its wayto reacha predeter sion bypass valve, butitalsostates that"Noindications And if, as the report said, the exact cause of the mined conclusion about the cause of Hultgreen's fata! of pre-impact failure was found in the Flight Control accident will never be known, then attempts by the Navy crash" and that "the apparent Navy dishonesty—the Systems, theAirInletControl System, Hydraulic Power to duplicate thesituation in flight simulators can never shading of truth for fear of admittinga mistakeor say Systems. Electrical Power Systems, Fuel Supply Feed be more than speculative.Further, in mid-March ing something politically incorrect—undermines Navy System or CockpitThrottleCommand." Newsweek magazine picked upleaks of theNavy's Mis credibility." Thereport concedes thatHultgreen was "relatively hapInvestigation Report (MIR). This report, written to The overall record suggests that it is not conser inexperienced in the F-14."She had logged 217 hours exacting standards and for Navy consumption only, is vative critics such as Linda Chavez—who was, after all. rightabouttheNavy investigation—who needtoapolo in theaircraft, compared to 460 hoursfor her radarof sharply critical ofLt.Hultgreen and even notes that the faultybypassvalvedoesn't fullyexplaintheoneormore gize. Rather, it is the liberal Schroeders. Boxers, and ficer Matthew Klemish. (Klemish did not appear at the Goodmans who promoted the double standards that North Island press conference, and word around left-engine stallsHultgreen's plane suffered. needlessly took a young woman's life and have made Miramar is that the Navy is keeping him from report today's Navy a perilous place indeed. ers.) "There existed a very small window of opportu Both pilots contacted by Heterodoxy, and many other Navy personnel, say the Navy can salvage some They might pay heed to another prophecy of the nity through which to recognize a deteriorating situa anonymous Navyfaxer whowrotetheSan Diego radio tion and to make critical flight control inputs," says the thingfrom this tragic accident by using it as an oppor report. "If these critical flight control inputs are not tunity to review its policy on women in combat. But station two days after the accident. "This death of Lt. performed quickly and correctly, then the aircraft will that does not seem to be what they have in mind.At the Hultgreen was tragic, absolutely could have been be placed inexiremis. In this accident, the window of February 28pressconference, a reporter asked Admiral avoided, and is waiting to happen again." opportunity for a successful recovery was missed. Fi Yakeley if thisaccident would cause theNavy to make Theymighteven payattention to the testimony of nally, inexperience prevented the crew from recogniz any change in the policy of training female pilots. "Ab Lt. KaraHultgreen herself."Guys likeyouhave to make ingthepointat which recovery wasimpossible andejec solutely not," Yakeley responded. And in a March 19 sure there's only one standard,"Hultgreen told RearAd tiontheonlyalternative." (Note thereport's evasive pas- interviewwith the 5fln Diego Union-Tribune, secretary miral Robert Hickey last year. "If people let me slide sive-voicc construction in this passage: "the window of of the Navy JohnDalton said he was pleased withcur through on a lowerstandard, it's my life on the line. I opportunitywas missed.") rent gender policies and argued that all but a few die- could get killed." Further, there was "a delay in recognition of the hards in the Navy were too. extremis condition, either due to preoccupation with Butsome point thefinger elsewhere. "The fault is K.L. Billingsley writes regularly for Hetero- correcting the overshooting start, or the timing of the not with women," writes Lt. Ellen Hamblet. "but with doxy. Just OfF the Press! 81 orTwoiHE BooksHottestonTopicsone ||||| In Congress Today

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