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The Liability of the Travel Organizer in the European

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The Liability of the Travel Organizer in the European Scuola Dottorale Internazionale in Diritto ed Economia “Tullio Ascarelli” Sezione di Dottorato in Consumatori e Mercato Dipartimento di Scienze aziendali ed economico-giuridiche Tesi di Dottorato in Consumatori e Mercato (XXII Ciclo) THE LIABILITY OF THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER IN THE EUROPEAN DICIPLINES AND IN THE ASIAN DICIPLINE Tutor: Dottoranda: Prof.Vincenzo CUFFARO Chaoqun SONG INDEX Introduction CHAPTER I THE DICIPLINES ON THE LIABILITY OF THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER IN EUROPE 1.The evolution of the travel contract in Europe in the field of the consumers’ protection and the liability of the travel organizers 2. The liability of the travel organizers European 2.1. The liability of the travel organizers 2.2.The difference on the liability between the travel organizer and the travel seller (the intermediaries) 3. The stages of the process of harmonization on the liability of the travel organizers in Europe 4 The international convention about the travel contract (CCV) and its acceptance in Europe 5.The system of the liability of the travel organizer in Directive N.90/314/CEE of Council of 13 June 1990 and its implementation in Europe 6.The associations of consumers and the protection of the rights of the entire tourist in relation to the liability of the travel organizer 7. The comparison between the CCV and the CEE 7. 1.The comparison of the content between the CCV and the CEE 7.2 The comparison on the aspect of the protection of the travel consumers 7.3. The comparison on the liability of the travel organizer and its limitation 8. The juridical practice on the obligation and the liability of the travel organizer 8.1 The obligation and liability of the travel organizer in the package tour contract 8.2 The implied liability of the travel organizer: the liability of the warranted safety 8.3. The liability of the time damage of the travel organizer in the package tour contract 2 CHAPTER II THE DICIPLINES ON THE LIABILITY OF THE TRAVEL ORGANIZER IN ASIA 1. The liability of the travel business people in Japan 1.1. Travel agency law 1.2. The Japanese standard term of travel industry 1.21. The definition of tourism contract. 1.22. The liability of the tourism business people 1.23. The guarantees fee system of the tourism business people 2. The disciplines of the Taiwan region 2.1. The definition of tourism contract and the definition of tourism business people 2.2. The guarantee liability against defects of the tourism business people and the Limitation of the liability 2.3. Tourism business people’s liability of assistance 2.4. The liability of tourism business people for perform-assist people and their limitations 2.5. The travel contract in fixed formed 2.6. Tourism General Insurance system 2.7. The liability for mental damage compensation of tourism business people 3. The disciplines of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 3.1. The liability of compensation for mental damages 3.2 The liability of the travel assistance people 3.3 The compensation fund of travel industr , the quality security fund in Hong Kong region. 4. The disciplines of the Macao Special Administrative Region 4.1 The provision of civil law and the related laws 4.2 Decree No. 25/93/M of the Macao Government 4.21 The definition of Travel Agency 4.22 The liability of the travel agency and the system of guarantee and insurance 3 CHAPTER III THE DICIPLINE ON LIABILITY OF THE TRAVEL ORGANIAERS IN CINA 1. The package-tour contract and its organizer 1.1. The definition of the package-tour contract 1.2. The nature of the package tour contract 1.3. The definition of the travel organizer in the package tour contract 1.4. The judicial practice in China 2. The warranty liability against defects of the package tour organizer 2.1 The definition and its imputation principle of the warranty liability against defects 2.2 The warranty liability against defects of the travel organizer in package tour contract 2.21. The application of the warranty liability against defects in package tour contract 2.22 Imputation principles of warranty liability against defects 2.23. The content of warranty liability against defects 2.24. Excuses free from the warranty responsibilities against defects 2.3. The Judicial practice in china 3. The liability of the travel organizer for the travel assistant 3.1.The liability of the travel organizer for the travel assistants in the package-tour contract 3.2. The relevant legislation and the doctrine in China 3.3.The judicial practice in China 4. The liability of the compensation for moral damage 4.1. The breach of contract and compensation for moral damage 4.2.The breakthrough in the compensation for mental damages of the package tour contract 4.3.The relevant legislation and the doctrine in china on the compensation of the spiritual damages 4.31.The relevant provisions of the existing legislation 4.32.The relevant legal doctrines 4.4. The judicial practice in China 4 5. The standard terms in the package tour contract and the protection of the consumers 5.1. The definition of the standard terms 5.2. Exemption terms in the package tour contract 5.3. The protection of the rights and interests of the tourists in the standard terms of the travel contract 5.31. The interpretation of the standard terms 5.32. The determination of the travel standard terms 5.33. The judicial practice in China 5.4. The model contracts and regulation for the travel standard contract 5.41. The provisions of the model documents about the responsibilities of the travel organizer 5.42. The control of the travel standard contract 6. The margin and the insurance liability of the travel organizer 6.1. The relative experience of other countries and regions 6. 2.the travelling insurance of China 6. 21. The quality margin system of the travel agency 6.22. The insurance system of travel organizer 6.3. The judicial practice in China 7. The relative legislations and their shortcomings on the liability of the travel organizer 7.1. On the aspects of the laws 7.2. The administration and department regulations 7.3. The suggestion for the named travel contract. 5 INTRODUCTION Europe has for a long time paid the great attention on the protection of the rights and interests of consumers which is shown in the field of tourism through the development of a series of decrees and laws to strict regulations on the liability of travel business operator in order to achieve the protection on the interests and the rights of the travel consumers. No matter The International Convention about the Travel Contract in Brussels or the European uniform directive on the tourism, all of them have focused on making the liability of travel business operator specific and strict, and its prominent feature is that the package travel organizers of the package travel contract need not only to be responsible for the whole package travel product but also need to be charge of various single tourism services composed of the package tourism products no matter whether it is provided by the package travel organizers. The package travel organizers can no longer free themselves from the liability like before with the reason that he is not the providers of the tourism service. So this can be seen as to conduct a comprehensive basis for the protection the rights and interests of tourism consumers and this spirit has been accepted by the EU member states in the following procession to adjust their national laws in accordance with EU directive. With this starting point it gradually forms a relatively complete system of the liability of the package travel organizers through the ways such as the enactment of tourism law and accordingly added to a large number of legal norms to adjust the liability of the package travel organizers in the travel law and civil law. Although the individual EU member States develop their national travel laws in different patterns, but their starting point is the same - to provide a legal basis for the protection of the rights and interests of the travel consumer and constantly improve it. With regards to the level of protection has not been limited to the provided package tourism product itself; it also includes the ultimate goal of the package tour - the spiritual enjoyment. Originally it was supported only in the judicial practice and later was incorporated into the formal legal provisions by some EU countries; today it has been accepted by more EU member states which expresses the advancement of the entire European region in the protection of the rights and interests of travel consumers and makes its liability system of the package travel organizers in the forefront of the world. Therefore, tracing the source of the European region in the first part is for the purpose to find the reasons and methods for China to learn from it well. Many countries and regions in Asia have inserted the Europe's successful experience and theoretical learning into their own construction of the liability regime of package travel organizers. They are engaged in the practice of the different legislative mode and content of the EU countries according to the characteristics themselves. Japan learning the model of French to develop their own independent 6 travel Basic Law to adjust the liability of the package travel organizers, China's Taiwan region in accordance with the German model set up a chapter about the travel contract in the civil law to regulate the liability of the package travel organizers, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China has also kept the case law model of British.
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