2018 Amsterdam Marathon Statistical Information
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Honolulu Marathon Media Guide 2017
HONOLULU MARATHON MEDIA GUIDE 2017 © HONOLULU MARATHON 3435 Waialae Avenue, Suite 200 • Honolulu, HI 96816 USA • Phone: (808) 734-7200 • Fax: (808) 732-7057 E-mail: [email protected] • URL: www.honolulumarathon.org 2017 Honolulu Marathon Media Guide MEDIA INFORMATION 3 MEDIA TEAM 3 MEDIA CENTER ONLINE 3 MEDIA OFFICE 3 ATHLETE PHOTO CALL 3 LIVE RACE DAY COVERAGE 3 POST RACE PRESS CONFERENCE 4 CHAMPIONS AUTOGRAPH SESSION 4 ACCREDITATION 4 SOCIAL MEDIA 4 RESULTS 4 IMAGE LIBRARY 5 2017 HONOLULU MARATHON GENERAL INFORMATION 7 ELITE FIELD 10 HTTP://WWW.HONOLULUMARATHON.ORG/MEDIA-CENTER/ELITE-RUNNERS/ 13 PRIZE MONEY 13 TIME BONUS 14 COURSE RECORDS 14 CHAMPIONS 1973-2016 14 2016 HONOLULU MARATHON IN NUMBERS 15 MARATHON HISTORY: 1973-2016 16 ENTRANTS AND FINISHERS 16 MARATHON ENTRANTS FROM JAPAN 1973 – 2016 18 ECONOMIC IMPACT (2005-2011) 19 TRIVIA IN NUMBERS 21 WHAT IT TAKES TO CONDUCT A WORLD-CLASS MARATHON 21 HONOLULU MARATHON page 2 of 21 2017 Honolulu Marathon Media Guide Media Information Media team Fredrik Bjurenvall 808 - 225 7599 [email protected] Denise van Ryzin 808 – 258 2209 David Monti 917 - 385 2666 [email protected] Taylor Dutch [email protected] Media Center Online https://www.honolulumarathon.org/media-center Media office We are located in the Hawaii Convention Center, room 306 during race week (December 07-09). On race day, Sunday December 10, we will be in the Press Tent next to the finish line in Kapiolani Park. Athlete Photo Call All elite athletes will convene for interviews and a photo call: Time: 1pm Friday December 8. -
2019 Tokyo Marathon Statistical Information
2019 Tokyo Marathon Statistical Information Tokyo Marathon All Time list Performance Time Performers Name Nat Place Date 1 2:03:58 1 Wilson Kipsang KEN 1 26 Feb 2017 2 2:05:30 2 Dickson Chumba KEN 1 25 Feb 2018 3 2:05:42 Dickson Chumba 1 23 Feb 2014 4 2:05:51 3 Gideon Kipketer KEN 2 26 Feb 2017 5 2:05:57 4 Tadese Tola ETH 2 23 Feb 2014 6 2:06:00 5 Endeshaw Negesse ETH 1 22 Feb 2015 7 2:06:11 6 Yuta Shitara JPN 2 25 Feb 2018 8 2:06:25 Dickson Chumba 3 26 Feb 2017 9 2:06:30 7 Sammy Kitwara KEN 3 23 Feb 2014 10 2:06:33 8 Stephen Kiprotich UGA 2 22 Feb 2015 11 2:06:33 9 Amos Kipruto KEN 3 25 Feb 2018 12 2:06:34 Dickson Chumba 3 22 Feb 2015 13 2:06:42 10 Evans Chebet KEN 4 26 Feb 2017 14 2:06:47 Gideon Kipketer 4 25 Feb 2018 15 2:06:50 11 Dennis Kimetto KEN 1 24 Feb 2013 16 2:06:54 12 Hiroto Inoue JPN 5 25 Feb 2018 17 2:06:56 13 Feyisa Lilesa ETH 1 28 Feb 2016 18 2:06:58 14 Michael Kipyego KEN 2 24 Feb 2013 19 2:06:58 Michael Kipyego 4 23 Feb 2014 20 2:07:05 15 Peter Some KEN 5 23 Feb 2014 21 2:07:20 16 Shumi Dechasa BRN 4 22 Feb 2015 22 2:07:22 Peter Some 5 22 Feb 2015 23 2:07:23 17 Viktor Röthlin SUI 1 17 Feb 2008 24 2:07:25 18 Markos Geneti ETH 6 22 Feb 2015 25 2:07:30 Feyisa Lilesa 6 25 Feb 2018 26 2:07:33 19 Bernard Kipyego KEN 2 28 Feb 2016 27 2:07:34 Dickson Chumba 3 28 Feb 2016 28 2:07:35 20 Hailu Mekonnen ETH 1 27 Feb 2011 29 2:07:37 Michael Kipyego 1 26 Feb 2012 30 2:07:37 21 Geoffrey Kamworor Kipsang KEN 6 23 Feb 2014 31 2:07:39 22 Masato Imai JPN 7 22 Feb 2015 32 2:07:39 23 Alfers Lagat KEN 5 26 Feb 2017 33 2:07:40 24 Deresa Chimsa -
Chicago Marathon, 1.312.992.6618 [email protected] Diane Wagner, Bank of America, 1.312.992.2370 [email protected]
September 20, 2017 Reporters May Contact: Alex Sawyer, Bank of America Chicago Marathon, 1.312.992.6618 [email protected] Diane Wagner, Bank of America, 1.312.992.2370 [email protected] Olympians, NYC Champions Among Added Athletes to 2017 Bank of America Chicago Marathon Elite Field CHICAGO - Today, the Bank of America Chicago Marathon announced changes to the elite field for the Oct. 8, 2017 race. Men’s field Stanley Biwott (KEN) will make his Bank of America Chicago Marathon debut as the seventh- fastest man in history over the marathon distance (2:03:51) and the 11th-fastest in history over the half marathon on a record-eligible course (58:56). Biwott made his mark in the Abbott World Marathon Majors with a victory at the 2015 TCS New York City Marathon, and with a standout performance at the 2016 London Marathon, finishing second to Eliud Kipchoge (KEN) in a career best, 2:03:51 (Biwott and Kipchoge share the 30K world record, 1:27:13, set during the London Marathon). Biwott has finished in the top five of 10 marathons. Feyisa Lilesa (ETH) gained international attention at the 2016 Rio Olympics when he finished the marathon with a silver medal. However, he initially made a name for himself in 2010 when, just two months after his 20th birthday, he became the youngest athlete to break 2:06 in the marathon with a 2:05:23 performance in Rotterdam. He has run well in Chicago, finishing third in 2010 and coming back in 2012 to chase Tsegaye Kebede (ETH) to the line for second place and a new personal best, 2:04:52. -
Course Records Course Records
Course records Course records ....................................................................................................................................................................................202 Course record split times .............................................................................................................................................................203 Course record progressions ........................................................................................................................................................204 Margins of victory .............................................................................................................................................................................206 Fastest finishers by place .............................................................................................................................................................208 Closest finishes ..................................................................................................................................................................................209 Fastest cumulative races ..............................................................................................................................................................210 World, national and American records set in Chicago ................................................................................................211 Top 10 American performances in Chicago .....................................................................................................................213 -
Procedural Rules
SR/Adhocsport/95/2019 IN THE MATTER OF PROCEEDINGS BROUGHT UNDER THE ANTI-DOPING RULES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ATHLETICS FEDERATIONS Before: Michael J Beloff QC (Chair) Paul Ciucur Dennis Koolaard BETWEEN: INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ATHLETICS FEDERATIONS (“IAAF”) Anti-Doping Organisation - and - ABRAHAM KIPTUM Respondent Decision of the Disciplinary Tribunal A. INTRODUCTION 1. The International Association of Athletics Federations (“IAAF”), the international federation which governs the sport of athletics worldwide, on 3rd April 2019 through the Athletics Integrity Unit (“AIU”) charged Mr. Abraham Kiptum (“the Athlete”), a 30-year-old distance runner from Kenya, and the former half-marathon world-record holder with an anti-doping rule violation (“ADRV”) under the IAAF Anti-Doping Rules 2018 (“ADR”) in connection with abnormalities in the haematological module of his Athlete Biological Passport (“ABP”) that are alleged to indicate blood manipulation. The Athlete denies having used any Prohibited Substances or Methods that could have caused the abnormalities detected in his ABP and advances alternative explanations. 2. It is not in issue that: (i) the ADR are applicable to the Athlete; (ii) for the purposes of the ADR the Athlete is an International-Level Athlete, as defined in the ADR; (iii) the AIU had jurisdiction for result management of the Athlete’s Samples; and (iv) the Tribunal has jurisdiction to determine the ADRV alleged against the Athlete.1 B. Anti-Doping Rule Violations 3. Article 2.2 of the ADR specifies: “2.2 Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method 1 The submission made at the directions hearing that the Chairman was obliged to recuse himself was dismissed in an interlocutory ruling SR/Adhocsport/132/2019 dated 5 July 2019. -
2009 Rotterdam Marathon Statistical Information (Men Only)
2009 Rotterdam Marathon Statistical Information (Men Only) Rotterdam Marathon All Time list Performances Time Performers Name Nat Place Date 1 2:05:49 1 William Kipsang KEN 1 13 Apr 2008 2 2:06:14 2 Felix Limo KEN 1 4 Apr 2004 3 2:06:38 3 Sammy Korir KEN 1 9 Apr 2006 4 2:06:44 4 Paul Kirui KEN 2 9 Apr 2006 5 2:06:50 5 Belayneh Dinsamo ETH 1 17 Apr 1988 6 2:06:50 6 Josephat Kiprono KEN 1 22 Apr 2001 7 2:06:52 7 Charles Kibiwott KEN 3 9 Apr 2006 8 2:06:58 8 Daniel Rono KEN 2 13 Apr 2008 9 2:07:07 9 Ahmed Salah DJI 2 17 Apr 1988 10 2:07:09 10 Japhet Kosgei KEN 1 18 Apr 1999 11 2:07:12 11 Carlos Lopes POR 1 20 Apr 1985 12 2:07:18 12 Kenneth Cheruiyot KEN 2 22 Apr 2001 13 2:07:23 13 Fabian Roncero ESP 2 18 Apr 1999 14 2:07:26 Fabian Roncero 1 19 Apr 1998 15 2:07:33 14 Charles Kamathi KEN 3 13 Apr 2008 16 2:07:41 15 Simon Biwott KEN 3 18 Apr 1999 17 2:07:42 16 William Kiplagat KEN 1 13 Apr 2003 18 2:07:44 17 Lee Bong-Ju KOR 2 19 Apr 1998 19 2:07:49 18 Kim Yi-Yong KOR 4 18 Apr 1999 20 2:07:50 19 Jimmy Muindi KEN 1 10 Apr 2005 21 2:07:51 20 Vincent Rousseau BEL 1 17 Apr 1994 22 2:07:51 21 Domingos Castro POR 1 20 Apr 1997 23 2:07:53 Josephat Kiprono 2 13 Apr 2003 24 2:07:54 22 Alejandro Gomez ESP 2 20 Apr 1997 25 2:08:02 Sammy Korir 3 20 Apr 1997 26 2:08:02 23 Jackson Koech KEN 2 10 Apr 2005 27 2:08:09 24 Jose Manuel Martinez ESP 3 13 Apr 2003 28 2:08:14 Samy Korir 3 22 Apr 2001 29 2:08:19 25 Simon Loywapet KEN 4 20 Apr 1997 30 2:08:21 26 Joshua Chelanga KEN 1 15 Apr 2007 31 2:08:22 27 Kenneth Cheruiyot KEN 1 16 Apr 2000 32 2:08:30 28 Francisco -
SUMMARY 800 Metres Men - Semi-Final First 2 in Each Heat (Q) and the Next 2 Fastest (Q) Advance to the Final
Bydgoszcz (POL) World U20 Championships 19-24 July 2016 SUMMARY 800 Metres Men - Semi-Final First 2 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advance to the Final RECORDS RESULT NAME COUNTRY AGE VENUE DATE World U20 Record WU20R 1:41.73 Nijel AMOS BOT 18 London (Olympic Stadium) 9 Aug 2012 Championships Record CR 1:43.79 Nijel AMOS BOT 18 Barcelona (Estadio Olímpico) 15 Jul 2012 World U20 Leading WU20L 1:43.55 Donovan BRAZIER USA 19 Eugene (HF), OR 10 Jun 2016 23 July 2016 RANKPLACE HEAT LANE BIB NAME COUNTRY DATE of BIRTH RESULT 1 1 3 4 586Kipyegon BETT KEN 01 Feb 98 1:46.37 Q 2 1 1 4 643 Mostafa SMAILI MAR 09 Jan 97 1:46.51 Q 3 2 1 8 833Riadh CHNINNI TUN 15 Mar 97 1:47.11 Q NU20R 4 3 1 6 195 Robert HEPPENSTALL CAN 28 Feb 97 1:47.13 q 5 2 3 6 653 Jesús Tonatiu LÓPEZ MEX 02 Aug 97 1:47.25 Q 6 4 1 7 879 Brian BELL USA 06 Feb 97 1:47.49 q 7 3 3 7 760George KUSCHE RSA 06 Aug 98 1:47.53 (.525) 8 4 3 8 325Teddese LEMI ETH 20 Jan 99 1:47.53 (.528) PB 9 5 1 5 801Andreas KRAMER SWE 13 Apr 97 1:47.65 PB 10 6 1 2 397 Dennis BIEDERBICK GER 09 Aug 97 1:47.70 PB 11 7 1 3 692James PRESTON NZL 08 May 97 1:48.06 NU20R 12 1 2 6 598 Willy Kiplimo TARBEI KEN 30 May 98 1:48.27 Q 13 2 2 2 172 Gorata GABANKITSE BOT 07 Sep 97 1:48.31 Q PB 14 3 2 7 120Joseph DENG AUS 07 Jul 98 1:48.49 15 4 2 5 886Vincent CRISP USA 17 Aug 97 1:48.63 16 5 2 9 286Ignacio FONTES ESP 22 Jun 98 1:48.88 17 5 3 2 118Lachlan BARBER AUS 06 Feb 97 1:48.91 18 6 2 4 744Ryan SÁNCHEZ PUR 22 Jun 98 1:49.43 19 6 3 3 635Benediktas MICKUS LTU 26 Mar 97 1:49.44 20 7 3 9 380Daniel ROWDEN GBR 09 -
Updated 2019 Completemedia
April 15, 2019 Dear Members of the Media, On behalf of the Boston Athletic Association, principal sponsor John Hancock, and all of our sponsors and supporters, we welcome you to the City of Boston and the 123rd running of the Boston Marathon. As the oldest annually contested marathon in the world, the Boston Marathon represents more than a 26.2-mile footrace. The roads from Hopkinton to Boston have served as a beacon for well over a century, bringing those from all backgrounds together to celebrate the pursuit of athletic excellence. From our early beginnings in 1897 through this year’s 123rd running, the Boston Marathon has been an annual tradition that is on full display every April near and far. We hope that all will be able to savor the spirit of the Boston Marathon, regardless whether you are an athlete or volunteer, spectator or member of the media. Race week will surely not disappoint. The race towards Boylston Street will continue to showcase some of the world’s best athletes. Fronting the charge on Marathon Monday will be a quartet of defending champions who persevered through some of the harshest weather conditions in race history twelve months ago. Desiree Linden, the determined and resilient American who snapped a 33-year USA winless streak in the women’s open division, returns with hopes of keeping her crown. Linden has said that last year’s race was the culmination of more than a decade of trying to tame the beast of Boston – a race course that rewards those who are both patient and daring. -
2013 World Championships Statistics - Men’S Marathon by K Ken Nakamura
2013 World Championships Statistics - Men’s Marathon by K Ken Nakamura The records to look for in Moskva: 1) No nation ever swept the medal in the Worlds. Can ETH or KEN change that? 2) 2007 was the last time African born runner did NOT sweep the medal? Will Africans continue to dominate? All time Performance List at the World Championships Performance Performer Time Name Nat Pos Venue Year 1 1 2:06:54 Abel Kirui KEN 1 Berlin 2009 2 2:07:38 Abel Kirui 1 Daegu 2011 3 2 2:07:48 Emmanuel Mutai KEN 2 Berlin 2009 4 3 2:08:31 Jaouad Gharib MAR 1 Paris 2003 5 4 2:08:35 Tsegaye Kebede ETH 3 Berlin 2009 6 5 2:08:38 Julio Rey ESP 2 Paris 2003 7 6 2:08:42 Adhane Yemane Tsegay ETH 4 Berlin 2009 8 7 2:09:14 Stefano Baldini ITA 3 Paris 2003 9 8 2:09:25 Alberto Chaiça POR 4 Paris 2003 10 9 2:09:26 Shigeru Aburaya JPN 5 Paris 2003 11 10 2:09:29 Daniele Caimmi ITA 6 Paris 2003 12 11 2:10:03 Rob de Castella AUS 1 Helsinki 1983 13 12 2:10:06 Vincent Kipruto KEN 2 Daegu 2011 14 2:10:10 Jaouad Gharib 1 Helsinki 2005 15 13 2:10:17 Ian Syster RSA 7 Paris 2003 15 14 2:10:21 Christopher Isegwe TAN 2 Helsinki 2005 16 15 2:10:27 Kebede Balcha ETH 2 Helsinki 1983 18 16 2:10:32 Feyisa Lilesa ETH 3 Daegu 2011 19 17 2:10:35 Michael Kosgei Rotich KEN 8 Paris 2003 20 18 2:10:37 Waldemar Cierpinski GDR 3 Helsinki 1983 21 19 2:10:37 Hendrick Ramaala RSA 9 Paris 2003 22 20 2:10:38 Kjell-Erik Ståhl SWE 4 Helsinki 1983 22 21 2:10:38 Atsushi Sato JPN 10 Paris 2003 22 22 2:10:38 Lee Bong-Ju KOR 11 Paris 2003 25 23 2:10:39 Tsuyoshi Ogata JPN 12 Paris 2003 26 24 2:10:42 Agapius -
2018 Chicago Marathon Statistical Information
2018 Chicago Marathon Statistical Information by K Ken Nakamura Men Chicago Marathon All Time list Performances Time Performer Name Nat Place Date 1 2:03:45 1 Dennis Kimetto KEN 1 13 Oct 2013 2 2:03:52 2 Emmanuel Mut ai KEN 2 13 Oct 2013 3 2:04:11 3 Eliud Kipchoge KEN 1 12 Oct 2014 4 2:04:28 4 Sammy Kitwara KEN 2 12 Oct 2014 5 2:04:32 5 Dickson Chumba KEN 3 12 Oct 2014 6 2:04:38 6 Tsegaye Kebede ETH 1 7 Oct 2012 7 2:04:52 7 Feyisa Lilesa ETH 2 7 Oct 2012 8 2:05:16 Sammy Kitwara 3 13 Oct 2013 9 2:05:27 8 Tilahun Regassa ETH 3 7 Oct 2012 10 2:05:37 9 Moses Mosop KEN 1 9 Oct 2011 11 2:05:41 10 Samuel Wanjiru KEN 1 11 Oct 2009 12 2:05:42 11 Khalid Khannouchi MAR 1 24 Oct 1999 13 2:05:50 12 Evans R utto KEN 1 12 Oct 2003 14 2:05:51 13 Kenenisa Bekele ETH 4 12 Oct 2014 15 2:05:54 Sammy Kitwara 4 7 Oct 2012 16 2:05:56 Khalid Khannouchi 1 13 Oct 2002 17 2:06:04 14 Abderrahim Goumri MAR 2 11 Oct 2009 18 2:06:08 15 Vincent Kipruto KEN 3 11 O ct 2009 19 2:06:13 16 Wesley Korir KEN 5 7 Oct 2012 20 2:06:15 Wesley Korir 2 9 Oct 2011 21 2:06:16 17 Moses Tanui KEN 2 24 Oct 1999 21 2:06:16 17 Daniel Njenga KEN 2 13 Oct 2002 21 2:06:16 17 Toshinari Takaoka JPN 3 13 Oct 2002 21 2:06:16 Evans Rutto 1 10 Oct 2004 25 2:06:18 20 Paul Tergat KEN 4 13 Oct 2002 26 2:06:24 Samuel Wanjiru 1 10 Oct 2010 27 2:06:25 21 Evans Cheruiyot KEN 1 12 Oct 2008 28 2:06:29 22 Bernard Kipyego KEN 3 9 Oct 2011 29 2:06:40 Bernard Kipyego 6 7 Oct 2012 30 2:06:43 23 Tsegaye Kebede ETH 2 10 Oct 2010 31 2:06:46 24 Abdelkader El Mouaziz MAR 5 13 Oct 2002 32 2:06:54 25 Ondoro Osoro KEN -
RESULTS 3000 Metres Boys - Round 1 First 5 in Each Heat (Q) and the Next 5 Fastest (Q) Advance to the Final
Cali (COL) World Youth Championships 15-19 July 2015 RESULTS 3000 Metres Boys - Round 1 First 5 in each heat (Q) and the next 5 fastest (q) advance to the Final RECORDS RESULT NAME COUNTRY AGE VENUE DATE World Youth Best WYB 7:32.37 Abreham CHERKOS ETH 17 Lausanne 11 Jul 2006 Championship Record CR 7:40.10 William Malel SITONIK KEN 17 Lille 10 Jul 2011 World Youth Leading WYL 7:51.7 Edward Kipngetich RONO KEN 17 Nairobi (Nyayo Stadium) 16 Jun 2015 16 July 2015 10:04 START TIME 24° C 74 % Heat 1 2 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY PLACE BIB NAME COUNTRY DATE of BIRTH ORDER RESULT 1 384 Davis KIPLANGAT KEN 10 Jul 98 4 8:19.27 Q 2 219 Abayneh DEGU ETH 01 Dec 98 10 8:20.08 Q 3 364 Yuta KAMBAYASHI JPN 08 May 98 11 8:25.58 Q 4 321 Kisan Narshi TADVI IND 10 Jan 98 14 8:25.98 Q 5 258 Alexander YEE GBR 18 Feb 98 6 8:28.18 Q 6 199 Tariku NOVALES ESP 08 Mar 98 15 8:30.77 q PB 7 169 Andreas Holst LINDGREEN DEN 18 Feb 98 5 8:33.42 q 8 620 Mason COPPI USA 09 Apr 98 2 8:38.71 PB 9 463 Henrik Irgens GRAVDAL NOR 07 Jan 98 3 8:45.12 10 90 Scott Riley TELL CAN 24 Feb 98 8 8:49.16 11 266 Markus GÖRGER GER 12 Jan 98 12 8:54.28 12 614 Mariano MOREIRA URU 06 Jan 98 9 8:56.15 13 122 Francisco Javier ALBARRACÍN COL 26 Jul 98 13 8:57.36 14 6 Ali DJOUDAR ALG 25 Sep 98 1 9:05.39 646 Yaser BA-GHARAB YEM 01 Jan 98 7 DNS INTERMEDIATE TIMES 1000m 384 Davis KIPLANGAT 2:50.95 2000m 384 Davis KIPLANGAT 5:43.53 16 July 2015 10:19 START TIME 27° C 62 % Heat 2 2 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY PLACE BIB NAME COUNTRY DATE of BIRTH ORDER RESULT 1 396 Richard Yator KIMUNYAN KEN 04 Jun 98 2 8:04.75 -
“Breasts Are Getting Bigger”. Where Is the Evidence?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Mary's University Open Research Archive doi 10.4436/jass.94020 JASs Correspondence & Notes e-pub ahead of print Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 94 (2016), pp. 1-8 “Breasts are getting bigger”. Where is the evidence? Nicola Brown1 & Joanna Scurr2 1) School of Sport, Health & Applied Science, St. Mary’s University, Waldegrave Rd, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, UK e-mail: [email protected] 2) Research Group in Breast Health, University of Portsmouth, Cambridge Rd, Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK Background they may be a different size in another which may impact bra sale statistics. It is also recog- Concerns over breast size have gained promi- nised that up to 100% of women are wearing the nence as progressively more research points to wrong-sized bra (Greenbaum et al., 2003). There an association between increased breast size is currently no objective, empirical evidence of and negative health implications. Larger breast secular increases in breast size. sizes are associated with a higher incidence of breast pain (Brown et al., 2014), postural issues (Findikcioglu et al., 2007) and body image dis- Review of available data satisfaction (Sarwer et al., 1998). It has been widely reported in the popular press that female In an attempt to investigate the evidence of breast size is increasing, however, empirical evi- a secular increase in breast size, we conducted a dence for this assertion is limited, with support comprehensive literature search to identify all for this notion stemming primarily from bra published bust circumference data, defined as sales.