Scorpion Venoms in Gastric Cancer (Review)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. -
Emperor Scorpion Class: Arachnida
Pandinus imperator Emperor Scorpion Class: Arachnida. Order: Scorpiones. Family: Scorpionidae. Other names: Imperial Scorpion Physical Description: One of the largest of scorpions in the world, the emperor scorpion has a dark body ranging from dark blue/green through brown to black and reaches lengths up to 8”. The large pincers are blackish-red and have a granular texture. The front part of the body is made up of four sections, each with a pair of legs. Behind the fourth pair of legs are comb-like structures known as pectines, which are sensory appendages that brush the substrate as the scorpion walks. The pectines are paired and can are used to distinguish sexes, as the ventral appendages are longer in males than females. The tail is long and curves back over the body ending with a large receptacle containing the venom glands and tipped with the sharp, curved stinger. Sensory hairs cover the pincers and tail, enabling the scorpion to detect prey through air and ground vibrations. Diet in the Wild: Insects, arachnids, mice and small lizards Diet at the Zoo: Crickets Habitat & Range: The emperor scorpion is found in western Africa and Congo areas, typically in hot and humid forests. They reside in burrows and prefer to live under leaf litter, forest debris, rocks, stream banks, and also in termite mounds Life Span: 5 to 8 years in captivity. Lifespan is likely shorter in the wild. Perils in the wild: Bats, birds, small mammals, large spiders, centipedes, large lizards and other scorpions Physical Adaptations: Eyesight of emperor scorpions is very poor. -
Redalyc.Tityus Zulianus and Tityus Discrepans Venoms Induced
Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica ISSN: 0798-0264 [email protected] Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica Venezuela Trejo, E.; Borges, A.; González de Alfonzo, R.; Lippo de Becemberg, I.; Alfonzo, M. J. Tityus zulianus and Tityus discrepans venoms induced massive autonomic stimulation in mice Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica, vol. 31, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2012, pp. 1-5 Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica Caracas, Venezuela Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55923411003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tityus zulianus and Tityus discrepans venoms induced massive autonomic stimulation in mice E. Trejo, A. Borges, R. González de Alfonzo, I. Lippo de Becemberg and M. J. Alfonzo*. Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología and Sección de Biomembranas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas. Venezuela. E.Trejo, Magister Scientiarum en Farmacología y Doctor en Bioquímica. R. González de Alfonzo, Doctora en Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular. I. Lippo de Becemberg, Doctora en Medicina M. J. Alfonzo, Doctor en Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular *Corresponding Author: Dr. Marcelo J. Alfonzo. Sección de Biomembranas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Facultad de Medicina Universidad Central de Venezuela. Ciudad Universitaria. Caracas. Venezuela. Teléfono: 0212-605-3654. fax: 058-212-6628877. Email: [email protected] Running title: Massive autonomic stimulation by Venezuelan scorpion venoms. Título corto: Estimulación autonómica masiva producida por los venenos de escorpiones venezolanos. -
AC07942458.Pdf
From the Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (Department head: O. Univ. Prof. Dr. rer. net. Walter Arnold) THE HEMOLYMPH COMPOSITION OF THE'AFRICAN EMPEROR SCORPION {PANDINUSIMPERATOR) & SUGGESTIONS FOR THE USE OF PARENTERAL FLUIDS IN DEHYDRATED AFRICAN EMPEROR SCORPIONS MASTER THESIS by Melinda de Mul Vienna, August 2009 1st Reviewer: Univ.Prof. Dr.med.vet. Tzt. Christian Walzer 2"d Reviewer: Ao.Univ.Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Thomas Ruf 3^^ Reviewer: Ao.Univ.Prof. Dr.med.vet. Tzt. Franz Schwarzenberger Contents 1 Introduction -11 Anatomy and Physiology -12 Morphology -12 Integumentum -12 Alimentary tract -13 Respiratory system -14 Cardiovascular system -14 Hemolymph and hemocytes -15 Fluid ba\aLX\(^ oi Pandinus impemtor -15 Water-conserving mechanisms -16 Water-regaining mechanisms -16 Fluid deficit In scorpions -17 Causes -17 Symptoms -17 Diagnostics -17 Treatment -18 2 Materials & Methods -19 Animals -19 Housing -19 Feeding - 20 Scorpion Immobilisation - 20 Hemolymph withdrawal - 21 Hemolymph analysis - 21 Electrolytes and Osmolality - 21 Metallic elements - 22 Statistics -22 3 Results -23 Differences between sampling times - 23 Correlations - 25 Distribution of the data - 25 Contents Potassium - 25 Magnesium -26 4 Discussion & Conclusion - 27 Hemolymph composition and osmolallty - 27 Interspecific differences - 28 PQTf\is\ox\f{y]MiS for Pandinus Imperator - 31 Conclusion - 34 5 Summary - 37 6 Zusammenfassung - 39 7 Samenvatting - 41 8 Acknowledgements - 43 9 References - 45 Index of figures Figure 1.1. Body structure of an adult Pandinus Imperator, dorsal view. * paired median eyes -12- Figure 1.2. Body structure of an adult Pandinus Imperator, vetral view: p, pectines; s, spiracles -13- Figure 1.3. -
Clarification of the Type Locality of Pandinus Ulderigoi with Notes on the Scorpions Protected by CITES (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Arachnologische Mitteilungen 49: 47-54 Karlsruhe, Juni 2015 Clarification of the type locality of Pandinus ulderigoi with notes on the scorpions protected by CITES (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) Andrea Rossi doi: 10.5431/aramit4905 Abstract. Discoveries of new species of giant scorpion (more than 14 cm in total length) are considered extremely rare. Among the largest scorpions in the world there are some species from West Africa, very popular in the pet trade and, for this reason, protected by the Washington Convention (CITES). Besides the three well-known protected species – Pandinus imperator (C. L. Koch, 1841), Pandinopsis dictator (Pocock, 1888) and Pandinus gambiensis Pocock, 1900 – a fourth giant species, Pandinus ulderigoi Rossi, 2014, was recently described from a supposedly unknown lo- cality in the Central African Republic. Unpublished notes, just discovered, allow clarification of the exact type locality of this species. Besides newly examined material from the type locality, representative of both sexes, allows better definition of the characters of this species including its unusual trichobothrial pattern. A fifth giant species,Pandinus roeseli (Simon, 1872), recently revalidated from Pandinus imperator, is automatically included among the protected species. In light of the vulnerable status, the similar general appearance, the possibly restricted and continuous distribution with regards to the four protected species as well as the recent import suspension of P. imperator from Ghana, P. ulderigoi should be added to the Pandinus species protected by the Washington Convention. Keywords: Pandinopsis dictator, Pandinus gambiensis, Pandinus imperator, Pandinus roeseli Since the 19th century scientists have reported the including the descriptions of several new subgenera existence of giant scorpions from West Africa (Koch and species – Rossi (2015) elevated the subgenera 1841, Simon 1872, Thorell 1876, Becker 1880, Po of Pandinus defined by Vachon (1974) to genera. -
Clarification of the Type Locality of Pandinus Ulderigoi with Notes on the Scorpions Protected by CITES (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Arachnologische Mitteilungen 49: 47-54 Karlsruhe, Juni 2015 Clarification of the type locality of Pandinus ulderigoi with notes on the scorpions protected by CITES (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) Andrea Rossi doi: 10.5431/aramit4905 Abstract. Discoveries of new species of giant scorpion (more than 14 cm in total length) are considered extremely rare. Among the largest scorpions in the world there are some species from West Africa, very popular in the pet trade and, for this reason, protected by the Washington Convention (CITES). Besides the three well-known protected species – Pandinus imperator (C. L. Koch, 1841), Pandinopsis dictator (Pocock, 1888) and Pandinus gambiensis Pocock, 1900 – a fourth giant species, Pandinus ulderigoi Rossi, 2014, was recently described from a supposedly unknown lo- cality in the Central African Republic. Unpublished notes, just discovered, allow clarification of the exact type locality of this species. Besides newly examined material from the type locality, representative of both sexes, allows better definition of the characters of this species including its unusual trichobothrial pattern. A fifth giant species,Pandinus roeseli (Simon, 1872), recently revalidated from Pandinus imperator, is automatically included among the protected species. In light of the vulnerable status, the similar general appearance, the possibly restricted and continuous distribution with regards to the four protected species as well as the recent import suspension of P. imperator from Ghana, P. ulderigoi should be added to the Pandinus species protected by the Washington Convention. Keywords: Pandinopsis dictator, Pandinus gambiensis, Pandinus imperator, Pandinus roeseli Since the 19th century scientists have reported the including the descriptions of several new subgenera existence of giant scorpions from West Africa (Koch and species – Rossi (2015) elevated the subgenera 1841, Simon 1872, Thorell 1876, Becker 1880, Po of Pandinus defined by Vachon (1974) to genera. -
Zooquaria Issue 98
QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF ZOOS AND AQUARIA AUTUMNZ 2017OO QUARIAISSUE 98 FANTASTIC BEASTS THE FASCINATING WORLD OF INVERTEBRATE CONSERVATION Insects in the citadel INSIDE BESANCON'S STUNNING INSECTARIUM 1 1 Our duty of care ADDRESSING THE ISSUES OF INVERTEBRATE WELFARE Some passengers need a special travel agency Amsterdam Airport Frankfurt Airport ZooLogistics BV AnimalLogistics FRA GmbH Hoeksteen 155 Langer Kornweg 34 K 2132 MX Hoofddorp 65451 Kelsterbach [email protected] [email protected] www.zoologistics.com www.animallogistics.de +31 (0)20 / 31 65 090 +49 (0)6107 / 40 779 -21 1708-011 ADV OP A4.indd 6 23-08-17 14:29 Contents Zooquaria Autumn 2017 11 14 33 4 From the Director’s chair 19 Spider plan EAZA's Director pays tribute to the amazing work How Bristol Zoo is working to ensure breeding being done to support invertebrate conservation success for the Desertas wolf spider 5 Noticeboard 20 The snail’s story The latest news from EAZA Council After a 30-year breeding programme, the reintroduction of the Partula snail has begun 7 The rise of the invertebrates An update on the current activities of the Terrestrial 22 The insect man Invertebrate TAG Zooquaria talks to Mark Bushell of Bristol Zoo 8 The invertebrate 25 A vet’s life conservation challenge EAZA's Veterinary Advisor to the TITAG discusses the With millions of species in existence, how do we challenges of his role tackle the challenge of invertebrate conservation? 27 Marvellous monsters 11 Conservation data The EAZA TITAG and BIAZA -
The Evolution and Distribution of Noxious Species of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) Wilson R
Lourenço Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2018) 24:1 DOI 10.1186/s40409-017-0138-3 REVIEW Open Access The evolution and distribution of noxious species of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) Wilson R. Lourenço Abstract This contribution attempts to bring some general informationontheevolutionand,inparticular,onthegeographic distribution of scorpion species noxious to humans. Since 95% of the scorpions incidents are generated by specimens of the family Buthidae C. L. Koch, the analysis will be limited to this familial group. As in previous similar contributions, the content of this work is mostly addressed to non-specialists whose research embraces scorpions in several fields such as venom toxins and public health. Only in recent years, efforts have been made to create better links between ‘academic scorpion experts’ and other academic non-specialists who use scorpions in their research. Even if a larger progress can yet be expected from such exchanges, crossed information proved to be useful in most fields of scorpion studies. Since the taxonomy of scorpions is complex, misidentifications and even more serious errors concerning scorpion classification/ identification are often present in the general literature. Consequently, a precise knowledge of the distribution patterns presented by many scorpion groups and, in particular, those of infamous species, proves to be a key point in the interpretation of final results, leading to a better treatment of the problems caused by infamous scorpion species. Keywords: Scorpion, Noxious species, Patterns of distribution, Biased results, Buthidae Background present. It is obvious that the order can be considered For many years now, there is a general consensus about modest when compared to that of other arthropods. -
Brood Care and Family Cohesion in the Tropical Scorpion Pandinus Imperator (Koch) (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Acta Zool. Fennic'a 190:267-272 ISBN 951-9481-35-4 ISSN 0001-7299 Helsinki 21 December 1990 © 1990 Finnish Zoological Publishing Board XI International Congress of Arachnology, Turku, Finland, 7-12 August 1989 Brood care and family cohesion in the tropical scorpion Pandinus imperator (Koch) (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) Dieter Mahsberg 1 ZooloRisches Institut (lll) der Universität, RöntgenrinR 10, D-8700 WürzburR, FRG Pandinus imperator is a forest dweller of tropical West Africa. In the field, lobserved aggregations of up to 15 individuals. In the laboratory, mixed age groups of related and also unrelated animals lived jointly in terraria rarely showing within-group aggression or cannibalism. Brood-caring behavior of the mother influenced growth rate and survival probabil ity of the young. With birth, mothers became very aggressive. To study family cohesion in Pandinus, experiments with family groups were con ducted. Siblings aggregated around their mother. In choice experiments with two fam ily groups, mothers were placed in enclosures that only the young were able to enter or to leave. Second instars significantly preferred the enclosure containing their own mother. Aggression among unrelated young of the same age was not observed. Feeding experiments studied the possible advantages of long-Iasting group living with regard to enhanced success in prey capture and its effect on growth of the young. Even groups of second instars were unable to subdue large prey on their own. Sibling groups with their mother removed suffered high mortality due to starvation and canni balism compared to groups with mothers present. Here, young grew significantly faster: they shared the prey that only the mother was able to kill and dismember. -
Review of Pandinus Dictator from Cameroon
UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of Pandinus dictator from Cameroon (Version edited for public release) 2 Review of Pandinus dictator from Cameroon Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements , Brussels, Belgium Published May 2014 Copyright European Commission 2014 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2014. Review of Pandinus dictator from Cameroon. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WC MC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with poli cy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision - makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collat e and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision -makers and businesses. To ensure that our w ork is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations, editors or publishers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Phylogeny and Classification of the Superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): an Exemplar Approach
Cladistics 16, 1±78 (2000) doi:10.1006/clad.1999.0127, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Phylogeny and Classification of the Superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): An Exemplar Approach Lorenzo Prendini Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Accepted November 11, 1999 S. A. Stockwell (1989, ªRevision of the Phylogeny and multistate characters, yielded the scheme of relation- Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata).º Univ. ships: (Bothriuridae ((Heteroscorpionidae Urodacinae) of California, Berkeley) proposed a cladogram and ((Hemiscorpiinae Ischnuridae) (Diplocentridae Scorpi- revised classification for the superfamily Scorpionoidea oninae)))). On the basis of these results, revisions are Latreille 1802 (comprising the families Bothriuridae, proposed to the existing suprageneric classification of Diplocentridae, Heteroscorpionidae, Ischnuridae, and the Scorpionoidea, including new diagnoses, new Scorpionidae), based on 47 morphological characters and descriptions, and an illustrated key to the families and 35 supraspecific terminal taxa, representing genera subfamilies. Familial status is provided for the scorpi- whose monophyly was implicitly assumed. Given the onid subfamilies Hemiscorpiinae and Urodacinae. q 2000 widespread practice of defining scorpion genera on the The Willi Hennig Society basis of plesiomorphic character states, the assumption of monophyly implicit in supraspecific terminal taxa reduces confidence in Stockwell's cladistic findings and, INTRODUCTION consequently, his revised suprageneric classification. A re-investigation of scorpionoid phylogeny is presented The ªCatalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758± here, based on 115 morphological characters (including 1998)º (Fet et al., 2000) lists 1259 currently valid extant the characters used by Stockwell) and 71 exemplar spe- (Recent) scorpion species in 155 genera and 16 families. -
Prendini.2003.Pdf
CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/is Invertebrate Systematics, 2003, 17, 185–259 Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae (Chelicerata:Scorpiones), with a discussion on phylogenetic methods Lorenzo PrendiniA,C, Timothy M. CroweB and Ward C. WheelerA ADivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural of History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA. BPercy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. CTo whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Abstract. A cladistic analysis of relationships among the genera of Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802—Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828; Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837; Pandinus Thorell, 1876; and Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758—based on morphology and DNA sequence data from loci of three genes in the mitochondrial genome (12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I) and one gene in the nuclear genome (28S rDNA) is presented. The analysis makes use of exemplar species, specifically selected to test the monophyly of the genera, rather than supraspecific terminal taxa. Other methods used in the analysis are justified in the context of a discussion of current methods for phylogenetic reconstruction. Relationships among the scorpionid genera are demonstrated to be as follows: (Opistophthalmus (Scorpio (Heterometrus + Pandinus))). This reconstruction identifies Opistophthalmus as the basal lineage of the Scorpionidae, rather than the sister-group of Scorpio. Revised descriptions, diagnoses and a key to identification of the four scorpionid genera are provided, together with a summary of what is known about their ecology, distribution and conservation status. Introduction classification: Hemiscorpiinae, Scorpioninae and Latreille’s (1802) ‘Famille des Scorpionides’, which Urodacinae.