DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecología Y Diagnóstico De Enallodiplosis Discordis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Un Nuevo Defoliador Ferozcon Repercusiones Directas En La Pérdida Del Bosqueseco De Prosopis Y Los

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecología Y Diagnóstico De Enallodiplosis Discordis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Un Nuevo Defoliador Ferozcon Repercusiones Directas En La Pérdida Del Bosqueseco De Prosopis Y Los Revista peruana de biología 27(4): 451 - 482 (2020) Ecología y diagnóstico de Enallodiplosis discordis doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v27i4.19200 (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae): un nuevo defoliador feroz ISSN-L 1561-0837; eISSN: 1727-9933 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos con repercusiones directas en la pérdida del bosque seco de Prosopis y los medios de vida en Perú Trabajos originales Presentado: 24/01/2020 Ecology and diagnosis of Enallodiplosis discordis (Diptera:Ce- Aceptado: 06/05/2020 Publicado online: 30/11/2020 cidomyiidae): A fierce new defoliator with direct repercus- Editor: sions for loss of Prosopis dry forest and livelihoods in Peru Autores Abstract Oliver Q. Whaley* 1, 2 The coastal desert of Peru and Chile is home to Prosopis (Leguminosae: Mimosoide- [email protected] ae) tree species that are exceptionally well-adapted to the hyperarid conditions 3 Consuelo Borda and keystone in dry-forest ecosystems. From 2001 to 2018, Prosopis in Peru have [email protected] 1 suffered widespread defoliation and die-back, with consequent deforestation and Justin Moat Prosop- [email protected] collapse in pod production. This paper reports a new insect plague species of https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-3615 is forest in Peru: Enallodiplosis discordis Gagné 1994 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) as a fiercely defoliating agent contributing to widespreadProsopis mortality. An analysis Tim Wilkinson 1 [email protected] of E. discordis larval taxonomy, life cycle and plague infestation, following El Niño https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-8318 Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 1998/99 is provided. Using distinct lines of evidence, Ana Bravo Sánchez 4 its spread, distribution, and ecology are examined. Over two decades of fieldwork, [email protected] Prosopis forest die-back and loss was observed devastating rural livelihoods and Raymond J. Gagné 5 ecosystem services across lowland regions of southern (Ica), central and northern [email protected] coastal Peru (Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura). The collapse in production ofProsopis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-757X pods (algarroba, huaranga) and honey was recorded. Supplementary notes pro- Correspondencia vide observations of: (i) plague development, changing land-use and climate, (ii) *Corresponding author biological and physical control of E. discordis, (iii) the moth Melipotisaff. indomita 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a concurrent defoliator of Prosopis. TW9 3AE, UK Resumen 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Las regiones desérticas costeras del Pacífico de Perú y Chile albergan especies de Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK. Prosopis (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae), árboles bien adaptados a las condiciones 3 Asociación para la Niñez y su Ambiente (ANIA), del desierto y con funciones clave en los ecosistemas de bosques secos. Entre el Proyecto Kew-Peru. 2001 y 2017, Prosopis en Perú ha sufrido una extensiva defoliación y muerte regre- 4 Ingleby Farms & Forests, Peru. siva, con la consecuente deforestación y disminución de la producción de vainas 5 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural de algarrobo. Aquí, se reporta una nueva especie de insecto plaga del bosque de Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, c/o Prosopis en Perú: Enallodiplosis discordis Gagné 1994 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Smithsonian Institution MRC-168, PO Box 37012, una feroz especie defoliadora que contribuye a la mortalidad generalizada de Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Prosopis. Se proporciona un análisis de la taxonomía larvaria de E. discordis, ciclo de vida y la infestación ocurrida después de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) 1998/99. Su dispersión, distribución y ecología es examinada utilizando distintas líneas de evidencia. Durante casi dos décadas de trabajo de campo, se observó la muerte regresiva del bosque de Prosopis devastando los medios de vida rurales y los servicios de los ecosistemas en las regiones de las tierras bajas del sur (Ica), el Citación centro y el norte de la costa peruana (Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura). El colapso en la producción de vainas de Prosopis (algarroba, huaranga) y miel también fue Whaley OQ, Borda C, Moat J, Wilkinson T, Bravo Sánchez A, Gagné RJ. 2020. Ecology and registrada. Las notas complementarias proporcionan observaciones sobre: (i) diagnosis of Enallodiplosis discordis (Dip- el desarrollo de la plaga y el cambio de uso de la tierra y el clima, (ii) el control tera:Cecidomyiidae): A fierce new defoli- biológico y físico deE. discordis, (iii) la polilla Melipotisaff. indomita (Lepidoptera: ator with direct repercussions for loss of Noctuidae) como defoliador concurrente de Prosopis. Prosopis dry forest and livelihoods in Peru. Revista peruana de biología 27(3): 451 - Keywords: 482 (November 2020). doi: http://dx.doi. Algarrobo; ENSO; forest plagues; gall midge; Melipotis. org/10.15381/rpb.v27i4.19200 Palabras clave: Algarrobo; ENOS; plagas forestales; moscas de las agallas; Melipotis. ____________________________________________________________ Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial- CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y repro- ducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada. Para uso comercial póngase en contacto con: revistaperuana. [email protected] 451 Whaley et al. Introduction al. 2012). Prosopis in Peru are highly variable with hu- man selection, hybridisation and translocation since the The genus Prosopis (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) dawn of pre-Columbian history (Whaley et al comprises approximately 45 tree and shrub species, dis- . hereafter, we simply use ‘ ’ to encompass all the tributed across arid and semiarid environments of the Prosopis coastal Peruvian species, forms and varieties. 2019); so Americas, Africa and Asia (Burkhart 1976, Catalano et Prosopis al. 2008), most of which have high economic and eco- The heterogeneous architecture of Prosopis, together logical importance (e.g. Simpson 1977, Pasiecznik 2001, Catalano et al. 2008). Around 39 South American species multiple niches for insect species in arid conditions have a centre of diversity in Chaco (Argentina, Bolivia, (Simpsonwith its prolific 1977, provisionNúñez-Sacarías of nectar 1993). and Althoughfruits provides most Paraguay around 27 species). Around six to seven spe- insects are naturally associated with the tree, due to their prevalence and economic potential Prosopis insects and Peru, with a wide diversity of landraces and local pu- tativecies, are hybrids, found creatingin the arid taxonomic Pacific western confusion side (Burkhart of Chile - 1976, Brücher 2012, Whaley et al. 2019). ciatedhave often with beenPeruvian categorised coastal Prosopisas plagues species in Peru reported (Díaz 176Celis species 1977, 1995,in Ica andDíaz Piura 1997). regions, A study from of 1991insects to 1993asso The coast of Peru is recognised as part of one of the - world’s oldest and driest deserts (Hartley et al. 2005), ura recorded 129 species (Juárez et al. 2016). where plants derive moisture from fog and seasonal An- (Núñez-Sacarías 1993), whilst a site-specific study in Pi Gall midges in forest and Prosopis trees Whaley et al.2010b). West of the Andean mountain chain, dean fluvial influx (e.g. Péfaur 1982, Dillon et al. 1991, Enallodiplosis discordis belongs to the gall midge - around 3200 kilometres, through Peru, north and central icance and role of many species in forest ecosystems Chile.aridity A dominates trend to hyperaridity the length increasesof the Pacific towards seaboard the 18°S for isfamily unknown. (Diptera: As Cecidomyiidae),many Cecidomyiidae where are the small true inconsignif- latitude - the ‘arid divide’. The aridity traverses the Andes to Bolivia and Argentina, to form a diagonal swathe from andspicuous widespread flies they components can easily of beforest overlooked and agricultur (Gagné- biome, Prosopis 1994, Skuhravá 2005), but doubtlessly are significant componentPacific Equatorial of the vegetation.dry forest toIn Chaco;Peru especially, throughout Prosop this- et al. 2016), with many forest species still undescribed is are the dominant is frequently species (Ferreyrathe key arboreal 1987, Whaleyhardwood et (Jaschhofal ecosystems & Jaschhof (see e.g. 2014). Cilbircioğlu Cecidomyiidae 2009, Altamirano biology is al. 2010a,b, Beresford-Jones 2011, Whaley et al. 2019) varied but many are gall-formers, hence their common where–as phreatophytes–they are resilient to prolonged aridity whilst also adapted to fog capture (Whaley et al. 2010b). Prosopis name; some are fungivorous, free-living phytophages or- south America or ‘huarango’ in southern Peru) are mul- predators. Gall midges may constitute the largest family ti-use species, and trees throughout (frequently human called history ‘algarrobo’ have pro in- of flies (Gagné 1994) with more than 6,590 species de vided essential resources of forage, food and fuel (Beres- scribedLittle (Gagné research & Jaschhof has been 2017). conducted on gall midges ford-Jones et al. 2009). All their biomass can be used and in Prosopis, although a few studies have focused on the many species adapt well to silvopastoral and agroforestry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Defoliation by the Royal Poinciana Caterpillar (Melipotis Acontioides) and the Snowbush Caterpillar (Melanchroiamelanchroia Chephisechephise) in Naples, Florida
    Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 120:360–362. 2007. Caterpillar Outbreaks: Defoliation by the Royal Poinciana Caterpillar (Melipotis acontioides) and the Snowbush Caterpillar (MelanchroiaMelanchroia chephisechephise) in Naples, Florida DOUGLAS L. CALDWELL* University of Florida, IFAS, Collier County Extension Service, Naples, FL 34120 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. landscape pests, Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Delonix regia, Breynia disticha Recent outbreaks of the royal poinciana caterpillar [Melipotis acontioides (Guenée)] and the snowbush caterpillar [Mel- anchroia chephise (Cramer)] provided opportunities to gather more information on these two Lepidoptera. The royal poinciana caterpillar (host is Delonix regia), in particular, appears to have long periods—10 years or more—between outbreaks. The Naples area experienced localized defoliation of very large trees in 2006. The snowbush caterpillar (host is Breynia disticha) occurred in outbreak numbers in 2005. Information and photos are provided on various aspects of their biology and host damage and responses. Insect populations ebb and wane in cyclical fashion to the point During the day, larvae hide in debris at the soil surface near that in some years certain species are diffi cult to fi nd, while in the base of trees or sometimes in broken seed pods in the trees other years overabundance may cause signifi cant damage. This (Watson, 1944a). Larvae pupate in plant debris or piled up frass report covers two caterpillar species that were new landscape near the soil surface. No cocoon nor silken wrapping was found plant pests to this author since my move to southern Florida in protecting the pupae. One predator observed by this author and 2001. Very little information was available in the literature about mentioned by others was the paper wasp (Polistes sp.).
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions Toward a Lepidoptera (Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, Thyrididae, Drepanoidea, Geometro
    Contributions Toward a Lepidoptera (Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, Thyrididae, Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, Mimalonoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea, & Noctuoidea) Biodiversity Inventory of the University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Lab Hugo L. Kons Jr. Last Update: June 2001 Abstract A systematic check list of 489 species of Lepidoptera collected in the University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Lab is presented, including 464 species in the superfamilies Drepanoidea, Geometroidea, Mimalonoidea, Bombycoidea, Sphingoidea, and Noctuoidea. Taxa recorded in Psychidae, Yponomeutidae, Sesiidae, Cossidae, Zygaenoidea, and Thyrididae are also included. Moth taxa were collected at ultraviolet lights, bait, introduced Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and by netting specimens. A list of taxa recorded feeding on P. notatum is presented. Introduction The University of Florida Natural Area Teaching Laboratory (NATL) contains 40 acres of natural habitats maintained for scientific research, conservation, and teaching purposes. Habitat types present include hammock, upland pine, disturbed open field, cat tail marsh, and shallow pond. An active management plan has been developed for this area, including prescribed burning to restore the upland pine community and establishment of plots to study succession (http://csssrvr.entnem.ufl.edu/~walker/natl.htm). The site is a popular collecting locality for student and scientific collections. The author has done extensive collecting and field work at NATL, and two previous reports have resulted from this work, including: a biodiversity inventory of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) of NATL (Kons 1999), and an ecological study of Hermeuptychia hermes (F.) and Megisto cymela (Cram.) in NATL habitats (Kons 1998). Other workers have posted NATL check lists for Ichneumonidae, Sphecidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllidae (http://csssrvr.entnem.ufl.edu/~walker/insect.htm).
    [Show full text]
  • Of the HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY for 1969
    Proceedings of the HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY for 1969 VOL. XX, No. 3 August, 197 0 Suggestions for Manuscripts Manuscripts should be typewritten on one side of 8-1/2 X 11 white bond paper. Double space all text including tables. Margin should be a minimum of 1 inch. One original and 1 copy should be sent to the editor. Pages should be numbered consecutively as well as footnotes, figures and tables. Place footnotes at the bottom of the manuscript page on which they appear with a dividing line. Place tables appearing in the manuscript separately at the back of the manuscript with a circled notation in the margin of the manuscript as to approximately where you wish them to appear. Illustrations should be planned to fit the type page of 4-1/2 X 7 inches. The originals should be drawn to allow at least 1/2 reduction. It is preferred that original art work be reduced for reshooting by a line drawing velox process as supplied by a graphic arts plant to a size approximating 9 inches X 14 inches for submission to the editor. Photographs and graphs should be at teast 8 X 10 inches. Original art work, however, is acceptable. Graphs and figures should be drawn in India ink on white paper, tracing cloth or light blue cross- hatched paper. Submit a 2nd copy of all art work. Proofs should be corrected as soon as received and returned to the editor with the abs tract on the forms provided. Additional costs to the Society for correction of authors' changes in proofs may be charged to the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve Resource Management Plan 2011
    Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve Resource Management Plan 2011 Osage County & Tulsa County, Oklahoma Lowell Caneday, Ph.D. With Kaowen (Grace) Chang, Ph.D., Debra Jordan, Re.D., Michael J. Bradley, and Diane S. Hassell This page intentionally left blank. 2 Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the assistance of numerous individuals in the preparation of this Resource Management Plan. On behalf of the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department’s Division of State Parks, staff members were extremely helpful in providing access to information and in sharing of their time. In particular, this assistance was provided by Deby Snodgrass, Kris Marek, and Doug Hawthorne – all from the Oklahoma City office of the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department. However, it was particularly the assistance provided by Grant Gerondale, Director of Parks and Recreation for the City of Sand Springs, Oklahoma, that initiated the work associated with this RMP. Grant provided a number of documents, hosted an on-site tour of the Ancient Forest, and shared his passion for this property. It is the purpose of the Resource Management Plan to be a living document to assist with decisions related to the resources within the park and the management of those resources. The authors’ desire is to assist decision-makers in providing high quality outdoor recreation experiences and resources for current visitors, while protecting the experiences and the resources for future generations. Lowell Caneday, Ph.D., Professor Leisure Studies Oklahoma State University Stillwater,
    [Show full text]
  • Santiago Merino Rodríguez Generated From: Editor CVN De FECYT Date of Document: 19/01/2021 V 1.4.3 Ed0a4acb17f1df7c4a134e698ca14615
    Santiago Merino Rodríguez Generated from: Editor CVN de FECYT Date of document: 19/01/2021 v 1.4.3 ed0a4acb17f1df7c4a134e698ca14615 This electronic file (PDF) has embedded CVN technology (CVN-XML). The CVN technology of this file allows you to export and import curricular data from and to any compatible data base. List of adapted databases available at: http://cvn.fecyt.es/ ed0a4acb17f1df7c4a134e698ca14615 Summary of CV This section describes briefly a summary of your career in science, academic and research; the main scientific and technological achievements and goals in your line of research in the medium -and long- term. It also includes other important aspects or peculiarities. My line of research has been always linked to the study of the host-parasite interactions. These studies not only have focused on the effects of parasites on the fitness of their hosts and therefore its value as a selective force in nature, but also on the evolutionary strategies of transmission of different species of parasites. Throughout my career I have studied various host-parasite systems in populations of wild animals including mammals, reptiles and mostly birds, as well as their ectoparasites and endoparasites, mainly blood parasites. This has allowed me to obtain an overview about the particularities of different systems under study, which include very different life cycles. The team that I lead has always been characterized by used experimental approaches for the study of the host-parasite relationship in wild populations. We have been pioneers in the study of some variables of interest in these populations, such as heat stress proteins as parasitic stress indicators, and we have been pioneers in experimental studies of parasite load modification in blood parasites in wild populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Bycatch Diversity of Organisms in Whole Genome Sequencing of Erebidae Moths (Lepidoptera)
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Exploring bycatch diversity of organisms in whole genome sequencing of Erebidae moths (Lepidoptera) Hamid Reza Ghanavi1, Victoria Twort1,2 and Anne Duplouy1,3 1 Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 2 The Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, Zoology Unit, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 3 Insect Symbiosis Ecology and Evolution, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, The University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Corresponding Author: Hamid Reza Ghanavi Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Skåne, 22362, Sweden Street Address, City, State/Province, Zip code, Country Email address: [email protected] ORCID: • Hamid Reza Ghanavi: 0000-0003-1029-4236 • Victoria Twort: 0000-0002-5581-4154 • Anne Duplouy: 0000-0002-7147-5199 Abstract Models estimate that up to 80% of all butterfly and moth species host vertically transmitted endosymbiotic microorganisms, which can affect the host fitness, metabolism, reproduction, population dynamics, and genetic diversity, among others. The supporting empirical data are however currently highly biased towards the generally more colourful butterflies, and include less information about moths. Additionally, studies of symbiotic partners of Lepidoptera bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.02.458197; this version posted September 3, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
    Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
    [Show full text]
  • Moths: Lepidoptera
    Moths: Lepidoptera Vítor O. Becker - Scott E. Miller THE FOLLOWING LIST summarizes identi- Agency, through grants from the Falconwood fications of the so-called Macrolepidoptera Corporation. and pyraloid families from Guana Island. Methods are detailed in Becker and Miller SPHINGIDAE (2002). Data and illustrations for Macrolepi- doptera are provided in Becker and Miller SPHINGINAE (2002). Data for Crambidae and Pyralidae will Agrius cingulatus (Fabricius 1775). United States be provided in Becker and Miller (in prepara- south to Argentina. tion). General, but outdated, background infor- Cocytius antaeus (Drury 1773). Southern United mation on Crambidae and Pyralidae are pro- States to Argentina. vided by Schaus (1940). Data for Pterophoridae Manduca sexta (Linnaeus 1763). Widespread in are provided in Gielis (1992) and Landry and the New World. Gielis (1992). Author and date of description Manduca rustica (Fabricius 1775). Widespread in are given for each species name. Earlier dates the New World. were not always printed on publications; those Manduca brontes (Drury 1773). Antilles north to in square brackets indicate that the year was Central Florida. determined from external sources not the pub- lication itself As in previous lists, authors' MACROGLOSSINAE names are put in parentheses when their Pseudosphinx tetrio (Linnaeus 1771). (See plate generic placement has been revised. Detailed 37.) United States through the Antilles to acknowledgments are provided in Becker and Argentina. Miller (2002), but, in addition, we are espe- Erinnyis alope (Drury 1773). Widespread in the cially grateful to C. Gielis, E.G. Munroe, M. New World. Shaffer, and M. A. Solis for assistance with iden- Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus 1758). Neotropical.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Garey Park-Inverts
    Species List for Garey Park-Inverts Category Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Category Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Arachnid Araneae Agelenidae Funnel Weaver Common Arachnid Araneae Thomisidae Misumena vatia Goldenrod Crab Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Araneus miniatus Black-Spotted Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Araneae Thomisidae Misumessus oblongus American Green Crab Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Argiope aurantia Yellow Garden Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Uloboridae Uloborus glomosus Featherlegged Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Argiope trifasciata Banded Garden Spider Uncommon Arachnid Endeostigmata Eriophyidae Aceria theospyri Persimmon Leaf Blister Gall Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Gasteracantha cancriformis Spinybacked Orbweaver Common Arachnid Endeostigmata Eriophyidae Aculops rhois Poison Ivy Leaf Mite Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Gea heptagon Heptagonal Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Ixodida Ixodidae Amblyomma americanum Lone Star Tick Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Larinioides cornutus Furrow Orbweaver Common Arachnid Ixodida Ixodidae Dermacentor variabilis American Dog Tick Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mangora gibberosa Lined Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Opiliones Sclerosomatidae Leiobunum vittatum Eastern Harvestman Uncommon Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mangora placida Tuft-legged Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Trombidiformes Anystidae Whirligig Mite Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mecynogea lemniscata Basilica Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Eumesosoma roeweri
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Report V
    2018 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT V CONTENTS 2 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 V CHAPTER 01 CHAPTER 02 CHAPTER 03 OUR COMPANY IN 2018 ABOUT THIS REPORT SQM PAGE 05 • About this Report • SQM • Stakeholders • Our History • Relations with Organizations • A Half Century of Life – 2018 and Institutions Milestones CHAPTER 04 PAGE 09 • Corporate Governance Policy • Organization OUR PEOPLE CHAPTER 05 • Legal and Ownership Structure • Employee Profile • Corporate Principles OUR NEIGHBORS • Participation and Inclusion of • Ethics and Compliance Women • Our Neighbors • Sustainable Development Policy • Employee Relations • Community Working Groups • SQM Operates in the Heart of and Multi-Sector Coordination • Workplace Safety 2018 the Atacama Desert in Neighboring Towns • Value Chain • Production Processes • Education and Culture • Our Commitments with Our • Our Products People • “Lend a Hand to Your Community” Corporate PAGE 21 PAGE 65 Volunteer Program • Social Development • Historical Heritage • Recognition in 2018 CHAPTER 07 • Our Commitments with Our Neighbors OUR CUSTOMERS CHAPTER 06 PAGE 107 • Sales and Product Markets THE ENVIRONMENT • Our Certifications • Biodiversity • Commercial Events CHAPTER 08 • Species with Conservation • Our Commitments with Our Status Customers ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE • Environmental Monitoring Plan in the Salar de Atacama PAGE 181 • Economic Performance • Market Share • Environmental Monitoring Plan in the Salar de Llamara • Generation and Distribution of Added Value • Energy • Our Commitments with • Water Investors • Emissions
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta Mundi 0789: 1–56
    InsectaA journal of world insect systematics Mundi 0789 A new genus and 37 new noctuoid species from peninsular Page Count: 56 Florida and the Keys (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) J. T. Troubridge 23396 Mullins Ave Port Charlotte, FL, U.S.A. 33954 Date of issue: September 25, 2020 Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc., Gainesville, FL Troubridge JT. 2020. A new genus and 37 new noctuoid species from peninsular Florida and the Keys (Lepidop- tera: Noctuoidea). Insecta Mundi 0789: 1–56. Published on September 25, 2020 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non- marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medi- cal entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources, including the Zoological Record and CAB Abstracts. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. Guidelines and requirements for the preparation of manuscripts are available on the Insecta Mundi website at http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/insectamundi/ Chief Editor: David Plotkin, [email protected] Assistant Editor: Paul E.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Insect Pests and Their Integrated Pest Management with Emphasis to Gall Forming Insects
    FOREST INSECT PESTS AND THEIR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT WITH EMPHASIS TO GALL FORMING INSECTS A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY DISSERTATION dubmitt£J in ptn.tial futfilm£nt of t'£ 1.£'Iw'tE.muzt1 fo 't tfl£. awa,J of thE. JE.9't£.L of By RUBINA BILQUIS Roll No. 99-LSM-13 Enrol. No. X-7246 Under the Supervision of MR. ·M. MASOOM RAZA (LECTURER) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1999-2000 I~I~I f~~ I ~I~ ~Ii IIIII11 DS3182 Phones (0571) 10003'1 Internal 193 Telex: 564-230 AMU IN Fax: 91-0531-400528 DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P.), India This is to certify that Ms. Rubina Bilquis has completed he( dissertation entitled "Forest Insect Pests alld Their Illtegrated Pest Mallagemellt with Emphasis To Gall Formblg Insects", in partial fulfil ment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Science. She has conducted the work under my supervision and guidance. I deem it fit for submission. DBDleAG£BD GfO Mcr ALMAMAG£BR Page No. AIMS AND SCOPE I-VII PART - I INTRODUCTION 1-33 PART - II ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 34-177 PART - III AUTHOR INDEX 178-186 TITLE INDEX 187-202 SUBJECT INDEX 203-212 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERIODICALS 213-216 Jir:5t and loremojt, J would Idle to thank lhe -.Almight~ '-Allah,' "fj hea,.t, 10,. he p,.ovided me all tI~e nece:5:5a"fj :5trengtl~ in completion 01 thi:5 p,.oject work. Jt i:J a g,.eat plea:5ure to acknowledf)e the manfj people wlw came acro:5:5 during thi:5 project work.
    [Show full text]