Geschichte Der Italienischen Literatur in Österreich 1 Alfred Noe

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Geschichte Der Italienischen Literatur in Österreich 1 Alfred Noe 2 Politische Eliten in Salzburg Geschichte der italienischen Literatur in Österreich 1 Alfred Noe Die italienische Literatur in Österreich Teil I Von den Anfängen bis 1797 Böhlau Verlag Wien · Köln · Weimar 4 Politische Eliten in Salzburg Gedruckt mit der Unterstützung durch : Umschlagabbildung: Zuschauerraum zur Aufführung von Il Pomo d’oro; Kupferstich von Franz Geffels, aus dem Libretto 1667. ÖNB Wien. Umschlaggestaltung : Michael Haderer Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek : Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie ; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http ://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-205-78730-3 Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdruckes, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funksendung, der Wiedergabe auf fotomechanischem oder ähnlichem Wege, der Wiedergabe im Internet und der Speicherung in Datenver arbeitungsanlagen, bleiben, auch bei nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. © 2011 by Böhlau Verlag Ges.m.b.H. und Co.KG, Wien · Köln · Weimar http ://www.boehlau-verlag.com Gedruckt auf umweltfreundlichem, chlor- und säurefrei gebleichtem Papier. Gesamtproduktion: WBD Wissenschaftlicher Bücherdienst, Köln Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung.........................................^ 9 I. Der italienische Humanismus in Österreich .............. 27 I.1 Francesco Petrarca in Prag ..........................^28 I.2 Enea Silvio Piccolomini in Wien ....................... 35 I.3 Die Humanisten an den Höfen und Universitäten............. 56 I.4 Die Panegyrik für Maximilian I. ....................... 64 I.5 Die Späthumanisten zwischen Wien und Prag ............... 72 II. Der Petrarkismus und die Akademiebewegung in Österreich .. 79 II.1 Petrarkismus und protestantischer Adel ................... 81 II.2 Die Rezeption der Madrigalistik an den Höfen............... 87 II.3 Barocke Akademien ............................... 92 III. Die religiöse Literatur von der Gegenreformation zur katholischen Frühaufklärung ...................... 99 III.1 Reformorden aus Italien und ihre Volksmissionen............. 101 III.2 Die kontemplative Literatur für Laien.................... 114 III.3 Die katholische Frühaufklärung ....................... 127 IV. Die italienische Improvisationskomödie ................. 135 I V. 1 Italienische Truppen in Österreich und Böhmen.............. 143 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis I V. 2 Die Commedia dell’arte im österreichischen Musiktheater ^ des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts ......................... 157 I V. 3 Italienische Texte der deutschen Wanderbühne in Österreich ..... 188 V. Die literarische Selbstdarstellung des Kaiserhofes im Barock 199 V. 1 Die Bedeutung der Historiographie .................... 208 V. 2 Die Funktion der kaiserlichen Hofdichter ................. 214 V. 3 Geistliche Musikdramen und Oratorien .................. 218 V. 4 Die Rezeption des italienischen Musiktheaters zu Beginn ^ des 17. Jahrhunderts .............................. 263 V. 5 Serenaden, Kammerfeste und andere Kleinformen ........... 274 V. 6 Ballette und Einleitungen zu Balletten ................... 293 V. 7 Aufzüge und Rossballette ........................... 302 V. 8 Musikalische Feste ............................... 305 V. 9 Faschingsopern ................................ 314 V. 10 Opern zu Geburts- und Namenstagen im Kaiserhaus .......... 334 V. 11 Opern zu Geburten im Kaiserhaus ..................... 369 V. 12 Hochzeitsopern ................................ 375 VI. Die italienische Aufklärung in Österreich .............. 385 VI.1 Die Kontakte der italienischen Frühaufklärer zum Wiener Hof .... 393 VI.2 Die geistlichen Libretti der Generation vor Metastasio ......... 399 VI.3 Die weltlichen Libretti der Generation vor Metastasio ......... 419 VI.4 Pietro Metastasio – der Hofdichter als Monument ........... 449 VII. Von der Spätaufklärung zur Frühromantik ............. 489 ^ VII.1 Von Metastasio zu Goldoni ......................... 490 VII.2 Die neuen Leidenschaften im Libretto ................... 504 VII.3 Die italienischen Reformbewegungen und Österreich ......... 524 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 VIII. Die Verbreitung der italienischen Literatur ........... 531 VIII.1 Die Drucker italienischer Werke ...................... 531 VIII.2 Das Libretto als wichtigste Gattung .................... 538 VIII.3 Übersetzungen in das Deutsche ...................... 540 VIII.4 Die Präsenz in den Bibliotheken ...................... 545 IX. Verzeichnis der Drucke ............................ 549 Bibliographie........................................ 685 Riassunto . 713 Personen- und Titelregister ............................... 725 Einführung Das Konzept der Nationalliteraturen, wie es das 19. Jahrhundert auf der Grund- lage des romantischen Gedankengutes und im Zeichen der politischen Weltsicht nach den napoleonischen Kriegen hervorgebracht hat, postuliert eine ideale Kon- gruenz von Staat, Sprache und Kultur, welche innerhalb eines einheitlichen Terri- toriums die kollektive Identität der zugehörigen Bewohner sichern soll. Die aus dem humanistischen Bildungsbegriff entsprossene Idee der Weltliteratur als universale Republik der Intellektuellen wird damit abgelöst und durch eine genetisch bedingte, mystifizierte Identifikation der gemeinsamen Herkunft ersetzt, welche die Zuge- hörigkeit nicht mehr am erworbenen Bewusstsein einer gemeinsamen kulturellen Tradition, sondern an den gemeinsamen ererbten Wurzeln einer Gruppe oder einer Region misst. Kultur verliert damit ihren ursprünglichen Wert als schöpferische Ab- grenzung gegenüber der Barbarei und als Kommunikationsbasis einer nach immer höherer Zivilisation strebenden Elite, um zu einem ideologischen Instrument der Führung dieser Elite innerhalb einer politisch definierten Gruppe zu werden. Die Bestrebung nach einer nationalen Identifikation über die spezifisch eigene Kultur manifestiert sich besonders deutlich in der italienischen Einigungsbewegung des Risorgimento, das – mangels einer gemeinsamen staatlichen Identität – in den zahlreichen Territorien ein kollektives Bewusstsein einer einheitlichen Sprache und Kultur setzen möchte. Propagiert von meist aus dem Exil agierenden Intellektu- ellen und getragen vom gebildeten Bürgertum der Städte, steht dieses politische Streben nach einem Nationalbewusstsein am Beginn des künftigen Einheitsstaates und einer alle Territorien der Halbinsel umfassenden Sprache und Kultur. Die aus den politischen Konflikten resultierende Abgrenzung nach außen und gleichzeitige Vereinheitlichung nach innen schließen jeden Kompromiss bezüglich sprachlicher und kultureller Überschneidungen mit anderen Nationen aus, sodass die noch in den Darstellungen von Crescimbeni,1 Quadrio2 oder Tiraboschi3 erwähnte italieni- sche Literatur in Wien verleugnet werden muss. Sowohl abweichende Minderheiten 1 Giovan Mario Crescimbeni: Commentarii intorno alla sua Istoria della Volgar Lingua. Bd. III. Rom 1702. 2 Francesco Saverio Quadrio: Della Storia e della Ragione d’ogni Poesia. 4 Bde. Bologna 1739. 3 Girolamo Tiraboschi: Storia della letteratura italiana. Bde. 27–29. Mailand 1782. 10 Einführung im eigenen Land als auch verwandte Sprachinseln in anderen Staaten gefährden dieses Konzept von einer Nation in einem Staat mit einer Sprache und einer Kul- tur. Am deutlichsten tritt diese Auffassung von nationaler Literatur als schöpferi- sche Leistung eines Volkes wohl in der berühmten Storia della letteratura italiana von Francesco De Sanctis zu Tage, welche zeitgleich mit dem Abschluss der politischen Einigung Italiens 1870 –71 erscheint. Die italienische Literatur außerhalb Italiens genießt erst wieder in der Litera- turwissenschaft des ausgehenden 20. Jahrhunderts zunehmend ihre verdiente Auf- merksamkeit, sobald nämlich die kulturelle Analyse der verschiedenen Formen des äußeren und inneren Postkolonialismus an Bedeutung gewinnt. Imperialismus und Nationalismus werden in gleicher Weise für die kulturelle Entfremdung der außerhalb und innerhalb des staatlichen Territoriums Unterdrückten oder Marginalisierten verantwortlich gemacht und als ideologische Konstrukte entlarvt. Damit eröffnet sich auch ein neuer Blick auf den Begriff der Nationalliteratur, welcher zunehmend als Hindernis für die Beschäftigung mit der Vielfalt der Kultur und ihrer Geschichte in Erscheinung tritt. Fragen nach der eventuellen nationalen Zugehörigkeit einer aus einem anderen Kulturkreis zugewanderten Autorin oder eines in einer transna- tionalen Sprache schreibenden Autors lenken den Blick auf die historischen Formen von internationaler Kulturproduktion: auf Latein und in der ‚Volkssprache‘ schrei- bende Humanisten werden in ihrem gesamten Schaffen entdeckt, in anderen Regio- nen wirkende Dichter als Bestandteil der eigenen Tradition akzeptiert und Vorgänge der kulturellen Migration als bereichernd anerkannt. Nach dem noch auf ganz Europa ausgerichteten, lateinischen Mittelalter (vgl. dazu den programmatischen Titel von Ernst Robert Curtius: Europäische Literatur und lateinisches Mittelalter. Bern 1948) strebt die italienische Literatur unter der spirituellen Führung von Dante Alighieri ab dem 14. Jahrhundert nach der Begründung einer spezifisch eigenen Tra- dition auf der Basis einer erst zu definierenden Sprache, wie das in Dantes De vulgari eloquentia abgehandelt wird. Der parallel dazu entstehende und sich im Laufe des 15. Jahrhunderts über ganz Europa ausbreitende Humanismus wird die erste große Außenwirkung dieser Bestrebungen darstellen,
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