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Studio Morfologico Della Spermateca in Coleotteri Isteridi, Con Particolare Attenzione Alla Tribù Saprinini

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Studio Morfologico Della Spermateca in Coleotteri Isteridi, Con Particolare Attenzione Alla Tribù Saprinini Entomologica, XVII, Bari, 16-XII-1982. LUIGI DE MARZO(*) - PIERPAOLO VIENNA (**) Studio morfologico della spermateca in Coleotteri Isteridi, con particolare attenzione alla tribù Saprinini SOMMARIO - Viene documentata la notevole variabilità interspecifica della sperma­ teca negli lsteridi, attraverso l'esame di specie di diverse sottofamiglie e tribù. Si riconoscono due modelli fondamentali di tale organo: l) spermateca a ricettacolo multiplo, sessile e senza distinta ghiandola spermatecale, caratteristica degli Histerini; Il) spermateca a ricettacolo singolo, con dotto di varia lunghezza e ghiandola sper­ matecale più o meno sviluppta, in tutti gli altri raggruppamenti. La morfologia del ricettacolo nei Saprinini (esaminate 35 specie di 8 generi) viene particolarmente studiata, riguardo alla presenza di una o due invaginazioni, rispettivamente in corrispondenza del dotto principale e del dotto della ghiandola. In base alla forma e allo sviluppo di tali invaginazioni vengono definite sei cate­ gorie di spermateche, le quali sono tutte rappresentate nel genere Saprinus, mentre vi è un'unica categoria nell'insieme degli altri sette generi esaminati. Viene ritenuto più primitivo il modello di ricettacolo di Saprinus algericus, perché presenta una sola delle due invaginazioni. Si avanza l'ipotesi che, in generale, lo sviluppo filogenetico di processi di varia forma all'interno del ricettacolo della spermateca sia favorito da precise ragioni funzionali {per esempio, un'ordinato immagazzinamento degli spermatozoi) e che pertanto la presenza di simili processi di lsteridi Saprinini, Plegaderini e Teretriini, come in Coleotteri di altre famiglie, rappresenti un esempio di convergenza adattativa. l. INTRODUZIONE Sull'argomento della presente nota esistono in letteratura informazioni piuttosto scarse, però già sufficienti a dare un'idea della notevole variabilità interspecifìca del receptaculum seminis nell'ambito degli lsteridi. Notizie in generale sono riportate da VIENNA (1980: 30), mentre, in par­ ticolare, troviamo raffigurate le spermateche di tre Troglobacanius (VOMERO, (*) Istituto di Entomologia Agraria dell'Università di Bari. (**) Via J. Diedo ·6/A 30126 Venezia-Lido. -164- 1973, figg. 4, 6, 8), di Anapleus wenzeli Vom. (VoMERO, 1977, fig. 3) e di tre Euspilotus (DÉGALLIER, 1981, figg. 7 e 10). Più recentemente, uno studio comparato della spermateca di vari Rincoti e Coleotteri (DE MARZO, in stampa) ha messo in evidenza le particolarità mor­ fologiche del ricettacolo in Saprinus semipunctatus (F.). La nostra indagine, di cui riportiamo qui i risultati, è stata indirizzata soprattutto verso la ricerca di una interpretazione filogenetica e di ragioni fun­ zionali che spieghino la particolare morfologia del ricettacolo della specie suddetta. Allo scopo, abbiamo esaminato la spermateca di numerose specie della stessa tribù Saprinini e di altri rappresentanti di varie sottofamiglie e tribù di lsteridi. 2. MATERIALI E METODI Ad esemplari provenienti da collezioni conservate a secco, e preventiva­ mente ammorbiditi in acqua calda, veniva sollevato il pigidio ed estratto l'ovo­ positore per mezzo di un ago sottile, piegato in punta ad angolo retto. Per lo più tale operazione permetteva di estrarre anche la spermateca. Altrimenti era necessario (quasi sempre per gli esemplari molto piccoli) staccare l'intero ad­ dome ed asportarne il contenuto. I pezzi estratti venivano bolliti in una miscela 3 : l di glicerolo e acido acetico, fino a completa dissoluzione o diafanizzazione delle parti molli. All'oc­ correnza, un'ulteriore chiarificazione della spermateca veniva ottenuta con un trattamento in soluzione 0,5% di idrossido di potassio per una notte a 50°C. Infine, le spermateche venivano montate in glicerolo puro. Le specie in esame sono elencate nel corso della trattazione. Simboli adottati nelle figure: D dotto della spermateca (spermathecal duct) G serbatoio della ghiandola spermatecale (reservoir of the spermathecal gland) ia invaginazione apicale del ricettacolo (apical invagination of the receptacle) ib invaginazione basale del ricettacolo (basai invagination of the receptacle) R ricettacolo (receptacle) -165- Figg. 1-4 - Spermateca a ricettacolo multiplo (preparati in toto in soluzione fisiologica): l, 2, Hister quadrimaculatus (insieme e particolare); 3, Atholus bimaculatus; 4, Atholus duodecims triatus. -166- 3. OssERVAZIONI 3.1. Modelli fondamentali della spermateca negli Isteridi In base al numero dei ricettacoli che ne fanno parte, si possono distin­ guere due modelli fondamentali di spermateca: l) spermateca a ricettacolo multiplo Il) spermateca a ricettacolo singolo. 3.2. Spermateca a ricettacolo multiplo Si tratta del modello già segnalato da MATSUDA (1976: 255) e da VrENNA (1980: 30) per il genere Hister. Esso è presente in tutti gli Histerini da noi esaminati (l O specie), ma non si osserva in altre tribù. Detta spermateca comprende da 4 a 9 ricettacoli digitiformi e sessili, che sboccano nel gonodotto comune indipendentemente ma vicini tra loro (figg. 1-4). L'insieme di questi ricettacoli è come protetto da un diverticolo del gonodotto stesso, di aspetto laminare e di varia consistenza e forma (fig. 4). Questo modello di spermateca è caratterizzato dall'assenza di una distinta ghiandola spermatecale. Il numero dei ricettacoli nelle 10 specie esaminate è il seguente: 8-9 in Pachylister inaequalis (01.), Hister quadrimaculatus L., H . unicolor L., H. teter Truqui; 5-6 in Macrolister major (L.), Hister uncinatus Ill., Margarinotus cadaverinus (Hoff.), M. ventralis (Mars.); 4 in Atholus bimaculatus (Er.) e A . duodecimstriatus (Schrank) . 3.3. Spermateca a ricettacolo singolo (figg. 5-30) Al di fuori della tribù Saprinini, la spermateca comprende un unico ricet­ tacolo, con dotto sottile più o meno lungo, e una ghiandola ben distinta. Di quest'ultima è sempre riconoscibile, nei pezzi chiarificati con i metodi descritti, il serbatoio (G), con o senza dotto efferente. Le principali variazioni interspecifiche di questo secondo modello di sper­ mateca riguardano: -167- a ) la forma del ricettacolo, b) la presenza o meno di processi interni delle pareti del ricettacolo, c) la lunghezza del dotto, d) la forma e il grado di sclerifìcazione del serbatoio della ghiandola. La situazione nei diversi raggruppamenti è descritta sinteticamente qui di seguito. Ulteriori dettagli riguardo alla tribù Saprinini sono esposti nel capi­ tolo 3.4. ~''t. G • . ·~ · .· 'l;...-~ f/'r ·. r.:;.-·'! tof'' lr : l 5 ./ 6 Figg. 5-6 - Spermateca di: 5, Plegaderus dissectus; 6, Acritus nigricornis. Divisione SAPRINOMORPHAE Subf. Abraeinae (fìgg. 5-6) Tribù Teretriini: Teretrius picipes (F.); tribù Plegaderini: Plegaderus otti Mars., P. dissectus Er., Eubrachium pusillum (Rossi); tribù Abraeini: Abraeus globulus (Creutz.), A. globosus (Hoff.); tribù Acritini: Acritus nigricornis (Hoff.). Ricettacolo piriforme oppure di forma allungata; dotto corto o anche molto lungo; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili e di forma allungata. Di -168- particolare, il ricettacolo di Plegaderus dissectus e di Eubrachium pusillum pre­ senta un'invaginazione apicale di forma conica (fig. 5). Subf. Saprininae (figg. 14-30). Tribù Saprinini: esaminate 35 specie di 8 generi (indicate oltre). Ricettacolo subgloboso o ellissoidale, tipicamente con due invaginazioni di vario sviluppo (fig. 17, ia, ib), raramente con una sola invaginazione; dotto molto lungo; serbatoio ghiandolare subsferico o di forma irregolare, a pareti ben sclerificate. Divisione HISTEROMORPHAE Subf. Dendrophilinae (figg. 7-9) Tribù Dendrophilini: Kissister minimus (Aubè). Ricettacolo di forma allungata; dotto corto; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili e di forma allungata. Tribù Paromalini: Carcinops pumilio (Er.), Platylomalus complanatus (Panzer), Paromalus parallelepipedus (Hbst.), P. flavicornis (Hbst.). Ricettacolo di varia forma (a pera, sferico, subsferico con una corta ap­ pendice prossimale); dotto moderatamente lungo, oppure molto lungo (Paro­ malus); serbatoio ghiandolare di forma allungata (figg. 7, 8), oppure sferico e con un breve dotto (fig. 9). Di particolare, il ricettacolo di queste specie presenta uno (Carcinops) oppure due (Platylomalus e Paromalus) processi interni che si dipartono dalle pareti laterali (figg. 7-9) . Subf. Tribalinae (figg. 10-11) Epierus comptus (Ill.), Pseudepierus italicus (Payk.). Ricettacolo piriforme; dotto moderatamente lungo; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili, notevolmente più grande del ricettacolo. In Epicrus comptus (fig. 10) il dotto è piuttosto rigido ed assume un andamento convoluto in vici­ nanza del proprio ingresso nel ricettacolo. Subf. Onthophilinae Onthophilus striatus (Forster), O. punctatus (01.) . Ricettacolo piriforme o sferico; dotto corto; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili e molto grande rispetto al ricettacolo. -169- 0,1 mm Figg. 7-9 - Spermateche con processi interni delle pareti laterali del ricettacolo: 7, Carcinops pumilio; 8, Platylomalus complanatus; 9, Paromalus flavicornis . - 170- Subf. Histerinae (figg. 12-13) Tribù Platysomini: Platysoma compressum (Hbst.), Cylister oblongus (F.). Ricettacolo piriforme; dotto corto; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili e di forma allungata. Tribù Hololeptini: Hololepta plana (Sulz.). Ricettacolo piriforme e sessile; serbatoio ghiandolare molto piccolo rispetto al ricettacolo. Subf. Hetaeriinae Hetaerius ferrugineus (01.). Ricettacolo piriforme; dotto corto; serbatoio ghiandolare a pareti sottili, notevolmente più grosso del ricettacolo. 3.4. Variabilità della spermateca nei Saprinini
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