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Sphaeritidae, Histeridae. Icones Insectorum Europae Centralis. 33 Pp See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/282183277 Sphaeritidae, Histeridae. Icones insectorum Europae centralis. 33 pp. Folia Heyrovskyana 23(B): 1-33. BOOK · AUGUST 2015 READS 66 1 AUTHOR: Tomáš Lackner Zoologische Staatssammlung München 49 PUBLICATIONS 80 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Tomáš Lackner Retrieved on: 15 December 2015 FOLIA HEYROVSKYANA Series B, 23: 1-33 ISS1 1801-7150 August 31, 2015 Coleoptera: Sphaeritidae, Histeridae Tomáš Lackner Nešporova 26, 040 11 Košice, Slovenská Republika, e-mail: [email protected] ýeleć Sphaeritidae (tzv. nepraví mršníci, obr. 1-2) Sphaeritidae (Figs. 1-2), together with families Syn- spolu se Synteliidae Lewis, 1882 (obr. 3-4) a Histeridae teliidae Lewis, 1882 (Figs. 3-4) and Histeridae (Figs. (mršníci, obr. 5-134) tvoĜí tzv. histeroidní vČtev nadþe- 5-134) form a ‘histeroid’ lineage of the superfamily ledi Hydrophiloidea. Fylogenetické vztahy mezi nimi Hydrophiloidea, with largely uncontroversial inter-re- jsou podrobnČ prostudované: þeleć Sphaeritidae vychází lationships; Sphaeritidae are recovered in all analyses ve všech analýzách kombinujících morfologická data combining adult, larval and molecular data as the most dospČlcĤ a larev s molekulárními daty, jako sesterská primitive of the three (Ôhara 1994, Hansen 1997, Beutel ke dvČma ostatním (Ôhara 1994, Hansen 1997, Beutel 1999, ĝlipiĔski & Mazur 1999, Caterino & Vogler 2002). 1999, ĝlipiĔski & Mazur 1999, Caterino & Vogler 2002). Some authors (e.g. Crowson 1974, Kryzhanovskij & Rei- NČkteĜí autoĜi (napĜ. Crowson 1974, Kryzhanovskij & chardt 1976 or Löbl & Löbl 2015) place Synteliidae, Reichardt 1976 nebo Löbl & Smetana 2004) klasifikují Sphaeritidae and Histeridae in their own monophyletic Sphaeritidae, Synteliidae a Histeridae do samostatné superfamily Histeroidea, which is recovered in most nadþeledi Histeroidea, která je ve vČtšinČ kladistických cladistic analyses as sister to Hydrophiloidea. This ‘his- studií sesterská k Hydrophiloidea s. str. Tuto histeroid- teroid’ lineage (or superfamily Histeroidea) is support- ní vČtev (resp. nadþeleć Histeroidea) v analýzách pod- ed by several strong synapomorphies (shared character poruje nČkolik jednoznaþných spoleþných odvozených states): e.g. abdominal segment VIII fully invaginated znakĤ, jako jsou napĜ. osmý þlánek zadeþku zcela zata- within segment VII (tergite VII forms a pygidium); first žený do sedmého þlánku (sedmý tergit tvoĜí tzv. pygi- visible abdominal ventrite with rounded (as opposed dium); první viditelný ventrit zadeþku se zaokrouhle- to acute) intercoxal process; posteriorly truncate elytra, ným (nikoliv špiþatým) mezikyþelním výbČžkem; vzadu exposing one or more tergites; female coxites broad uĢaté krovky, které nechávají jeden nebo více tergitĤ and scoop-shape, bearing styli mesally; furthermore, obnažených; rozšíĜené samiþí koxity nabČraþkovitého the monophyly of this lineage is supported by several tvaru, nesoucí styli uprostĜed; a nČkolik larválních zna- larval synapomorphies (Kovarik & Caterino 2005). kĤ (Kovarik & Caterino 2005). We follow in this work the classification used in the V této práci je použitá klasifikace pĜevzatá z nejno- recently published volume of the Palaearctic catalogue vČjšího dílu Palearktického katalogu broukĤ (Löbl & of Coleoptera (Löbl & Löbl 2015) where are both Sphae- Löbl 2015), ve které jsou Sphaeritidae i Histeridae þleny ritidae and Histeridae regarded as members of the ‘his- ‚histeroidní vČtve‘ nadþeledi Hydrophiloidea. teroid lineage’ of the superfamily Hydrophiloidea. Sphaeritidae Bezpochyby monofyletická þeleć Sphaeritidae zahr- The undoubtedly monophyletic family Sphaeritidae nuje jediný rod Sphaerites se šesti druhy rozšíĜenými includes a single genus Sphaerites with six described v lesnatých a alpínských oblastech Holarktické oblasti. species spread in the forested or alpine areas of the NejþastČjší je S. glabratus, který je široce rozšíĜen ve Holarctic Region: S. glabratus is widely spread across stĜední a severní EvropČ (vþetnČ Velké Británie), v Rus- central and northern Europe (including Great Britain), ku (vþetnČ SibiĜe a Dálného Východu), Mongolsku a Russia (including Siberia and Far East), Mongolia and Japonsku. PĜíbuzný S. politus Mannerheim, 1846 se Japan; S. politus Mannerheim, 1846 occurs in western vyskytuje v západní þásti Severní Ameriky, a zĜejmČ North America and possibly (doubtfully according to také na východČ Ruska a v Japonsku, což ale zpochyb- Löbl 1996) also in eastern Russia and japan. The Ėuje Löbl (1996). Rod zahrnuje ještČ þtyĜi ve sbírkách genus has another four species all known only from a Ĝídce zastoupené druhy známé jenom z nČkolika lokalit few localities in central China, underrepresented in ve stĜední ýínČ. collections. Brouci jsou široce oválného tvaru, klenutí, pĜevážnČ Sphaeritid beetles are broadly oval, convex, usually jednobarevnČ þerní, neochlupení, se slabým, zelenČ ko- unicoloured black moderately shining with slight green vovým leskem (kromČ dvou þínských druhĤ, které mají metallic hue (elytra of two Chinese species are partly krovky þásteþnČ oranžové nebo þervené). Hlava je ne- orange or red); asetose. Head is not retractile, neck is 2 Coleoptera: Sphaeritidae, Histeridae zatažitelná, krk nezĜetelný, oþi velké a oválné, tykadla undifferentiated, eyes large and oval, antenna 11-seg- 11þlánková se zĜetelnou 3þlánkovou ochlupenou paliþ- mented with distinct and setose 3-segmented club. Se- kou. Brada (mentum) je pohlavnČ dimorfní: lichobČž- xual dimorphism is present on the mentum, which is níkovitého tvaru, plochá a silnČ sklerotizovaná u samic trapezoidal, flat and well sclerotized in females, and a oválná, mírnČ vydutá a prĤsvitná u samcĤ (Newton oval, slightly concave and translucent in males (New- 2005). Detailní diagnózu rodu Sphaerites lze nalézt ton, 2005). For a detailed diagnosis of the genus see v práci Newtona (2005), všeobecný pĜehled morfologie work of Newton (2005); for general reviews and illus- imaga vþetnČ ilustrací zpracovali Ôhara (1994) a Kry- trations of adult morphology see Ôhara (1994) or zhanovskij & Reichardt (1976). Hlavovou kapsuli po- Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt (1976). Stickney (1923) psal Stickney (1923), systém skládání kĜídel Forbes described the head capsule, Forbes (1926) the wing (1926), ústní orgány Williams (1938), vnitĜní anatomii folding pattern, Williams (1938) the mouthparts, Crow- Crowson (1974), kĜídelní žilnatinu Kukalová-Peck & son (1974) the internal anatomy, Kukalová-Peck & Lawrence (1993) a kladélko Hansen (1997). Lawrence (1993) the wing venation and Hansen (1997) ýeleć Sphaeritidae dosud nebyla revidovaná a vzá- the ovipositor of Sphaerites. jemné vztahy mezi druhy nebyly zkoumané fylogene- The family Sphaeritidae has never been revised or tickými metodami. Popisy jednotlivých druhĤ se dají the inter-relationships of species studied from a phylo- najít v pracích Fabricia (1792), Mannerheima (1846), genetic standpoint. Beetle descriptions can be found in Jureþka (1934), Löbla (1996), Löbla & Hávy (2002) a the papers by Fabricius (1792), Mannerheim (1846), Gusakova (2004). Ve stĜední EvropČ se vyskytuje je- Jureþek (1934), Löbl (1996), Löbl & Háva (2002) and diný druh Sphaerites glabratus, který lze identifikovat Gusakov (2004). In central Europe, only the species napĜ. podle práce Witzgalla (1971a). Palearktiþtí zá- Sphaerites glabratus is present and can be identified stupci þeledi jsou uvedeni v nejnovČjším svazku Pale- e.g. by the work of Witzgall (1971a). Palaearctic mem- arktického katalogu broukĤ (Löbl 2015), vþetnČ jejich bers of the family, together with their exact geographi- zemČpisného rozšíĜení. cal distributions are treated in the current volume of Podle Newtona (2000) a Nikitského (1976) jsou the Palaearctic Catalogue of Coleoptera (Löbl 2015). Sphaeritidae vesmČs vzácní brouci. Jsou vČtšinou nalé- According to Newton (2000) and Nikitsky (1976) záni v hnijících látkách organického pĤvodu nebo v je- Sphaeritidae are generally rare beetles usually found jich blízkosti, napĜ. v exkrementech, houbách, zdechli- in or near decaying organic matter such as dung, nách, na vytékající míze stromĤ (napĜ. bĜíz – Betula spp., fungi, carrion, oozing sap of trees (birch, maple) or javorĤ – Acer spp.) nebo paĜezĤ, pĜilétají též do fero- stumps, attracted also to the pheromone flight traps monových lapaþĤ (T. Lackner & J. Vávra, vlastní (T. Lackner & j. Vávra, pers. observ.) Their life cycle is pozorování). Životní cyklus tČchto broukĤ je dosud poorly known and only the first instar larva of Sphae- nedostateþnČ známý, s výjimkou prvního larválního rites glabratus, reared by Nikitsky has been described instaru Sphaerites glabratus, který vychoval a popsal (Nikitsky 1976); this description has been (partly) re- Nikitsky (1976). Tento popis þásteþnČ pĜevzali Newton peated by Newton (1991) and Hansen (1997). Accord- (1991) a Hansen (1997). Podle Nikitského (1976) se ing to Nikitsky (1976) beetles mate near oozing sap brouci páĜí blízko vytékající mízy stromĤ a samiþka and females lay eggs in nearby sap-impregnated soil. následnČ klade vajíþka do mízou nasáknuté pĤdy. Larvae developed quickly; the next generation of adults Larvy mají rychlý vývoj a další generace dospČlcĤ se emerges within a month. jiĜí Vávra (Ostrava, Czech líhne do jednoho mČsíce. JiĜí Vávra (Ostrava, osobní Republic, pers. comm.) reported larger quantities of sdČlení) udává vČtší poþet dospČlých jedincĤ naleze- adults congregated in the sap-soaked soil under a ných v mízou nasáklé hrabance
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