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Hat Creek Project I rl BRITISHCOLUMBIA HYDRO AND POWER AUTHORITY a I HAT CREEK PROJECT II I Beak Consultants Limited- Hat Creek Project - Detailed Environmental Studies - Fisheries and Benthos Study - >iarch 1978 I m il I *I ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT STATEMENT REFERENCE NUMBER: 57 m BeakConsultants Limited Montreal Toronto # Calgary Vancouver .,/- Suite 60211550 Alberni Street 1 VancouverlBritish Columbia CanadalVGG 1A5 Telephone (604) 684-8361 Telex 04-506736 m FILE: 55125 DATE: MARCH 1978 m HAT CREEK FISHERIES AND BENTHOS STUDY A Report for: B.C. HYDRO AND POWER AUTHORITY Vancouver, 8.C. Prepared by: BEAK CONSULTANTS LIMITED 1 Vancouver, B.C. m- ". ... .. .~ . .. .. .. .; ~... .. heak TABLE OF CONTENTS 3Palz 1.0 SUMMARY 1-'I 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2- I 3.0 STUDY METHODOLOGY 3- I 3.1 RegionalStudy I 3- I 3.2Offsite Survey 3-3 3.3 Hat Creek ValleyStudies 3-4 I (a) PhysicalHabitat 3-4 (b) BenthicInvertebrates 3-!J (c)Fisheries 3- 15 m 3.4Impact Assessment 3- 18 4.0 PROJECTSETTING 4- 1 4.1 RegionalEnvironment 4- I (a) PhysicalSetting 4- I "<,. " (i) DrainageBasins 4-4 (ii) Water Quality 4-15 (b) ' Biological Setting 4- 15 I (i) ResidentFishes 4- 15 (ii ) Anadromous Fish 4- 19 (iii) Salmonid Escapement & m Migratory Characteristics 4- 19 (iv)Fisheries Resource Utilization 4-39 (v) ExistingStresses on FishPopulations 4-!j7 4.2 Offsite Environment 4-64 4.3 HatCreek Environment 4-15 (a) Physical Environment 4-lj5 I (i) Habitat Profile 4-66 (ii) Water Quality 4-?2 (b) Biological Environment 4-?5 (i) FishPopulations 4-75 a sl -1- beak a dPatE (i i ) Age and Growth Characteristics 4-81 m (iii) Condition and Body Statistics 4-'106 (iv) Availability and Utilization of Food Organisms 4-'117 'L (c) Concluding Discussion 4-'149 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT II 5.1 Regional Impact 5.2 Offsite Impact 5.3 Hat Creek Impact (i) Construction 5-8 (i i ) Operati on 546 (iii) Decommissioning 5-?3 6.0 MITIGATION & COMPENSATION 6- 'I 7.0 RE.COMMENDED MONITORING PROGRAM 7- 'I 8.0 LITERATURE CITED 8- 'I I- I m il LIST OF FIGURES 3- 1 Outline of Study Areas 3-2 3-2 Sampling Stations - Fisheries and Benthos 3-5 4-1 Drainage Basins of Major Tributaries of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers. 4-5 4- 2 Ilildlife Management Units 4-7 4-3 Primary Lakes andStreams in Regional Study Area 4-10 4-4 Alkalinity Characteristics of Hajor Water Bodies 4-12 4- 5 Soil BufferingCapacity 4-13 4-5a Major Spawning and Rearing .Areas of Sockeye and Pink Salmon 4-25 1 4-6 Pink Salmon Escapement and Timing (Odd Years) 4-28 4- 7 Pink Salmon Fry Migration in the Thompson River (1974) in Regional Study Area I) 4-30 4-8 Sockeye Salmon Escapement and Timlng 4-34 ..- 4-9 ChinookSalmon Escapement and Timing 4-38 N 4- 10 CohoeSalmon Escapement and Timing 4-42 4-11 Lake Sport Fishing Effort byManagement Unit 4-46 4-12 Levelsof Stocking byManagement Unit 4-49 ‘4-13 GraphicalTechniques Usedby the Fish and i-lildlife Branch to EstimateFish Stocking Rates 4-51 4-14 Agriculture and Industry in the Regional Study Area 4-60 4- 15 LongitudinalProfile of Hat Creek 4-67 I 4- 16 Total Fish Density for Length and Surface Area of Stream Electroshocked 4-80 4-17 Length-FrequencyHistogram for Rainbow Trout 4-82 4-18 Length-FrequencyHistograms for Bridgelip Sucker 4-87 4- 19 Length-FrequencyHistograms for Longnose Dace 4-89 4- 20 Growth Curves for Rainbow Trout in HatCreek 4-100 4-21 Mean ConditionFactors for Rainbow Trout 4-?.08 beak a 4-22 Longitudinal Profile of Hat Creek - Rainbow Trout and Benthic sm Invertebrate Densities4-151 .L 5-1 EnvironmentalImpact Matrix-- Construction and Operation 5-2 5-2 EnvironmentalImpact Matrix, - Decomissioning 5-3 a m " -iv- I . ., ~~ ~ . .~~ beak LIST OF TABLES . 4-1 Primary4-1 LakesStreams and in Regional Study4-8 Area 4-2 Resident Fish Found Within the RegionalStudy 4-Area 16 4-3 Sununary of Life HistoryParameters for Fish Collected in Bonaparte River and Hat Creek 4-18 4-4 Sunnnary of Life HistoryParameters for Salmonand Steelhead 4-20 4-5 Summary of Average Salmon Escapements (1957-1976) in StreamsLocated Upstream, Hithin andDownstrean of the Area 4-24 Regional Study Area 4-6 Average Pink Salmon Escapements (1957-1976) in Streams LocatedUpstream,'Within andDownstream of the Regional Study Area 4-26 4-7 AverageSockeye SalmonEscapement (1957-1976) in Streams LocatedUpstrean, Within and Downstream of the Regional Study Area 4-31 4-8 Average ChinookSalmon Escapements (1957-1976) in Streams Located Upstream, Within'and Downstream ofthe Regional Study Area 4-35 4-9 Average Coho Salmon Escapement (1957-1976) in Streams ' Located Upstream, Iiithin and Downstream of the Regional Study Area 4-40 4-10 Distributionof Steelhead Angler Effort (Angler Days) Expended on StreamsStudy in the 4-44Region 4-11 Summary of Lake SportFishing Effort Expended In Management Units of 4-45the Study Region 4-12 Capabilityof Lakes and Streams Within the LocalHat Creek to Sustain IncreasedSustainArea to Angling Pressure 4-48 4-13 Relationship of Stocking Rate toPublic Access and Quality of Available4-52 ofArea Spawning 4-14 Average Annual Comercial Catch and Catch/Escapement R?.tios of Salmon Originating from Regions of the Fraser River System (1957-1976) 4-54 4-15 Pink Salmon - Conercial Catch/Escapenent Data for Period of Record in the Thompson River 4-56 ._ -V- beak a 4-16 Existing and Proposed Salmon and Steelhead Enhancement Facilities 4-58 4- 17 Location and Volume of Major Water Intakes in the Regional Study Area 4-61 4-18 Location and Volume of Major Water Discharges in the Regional Study Area 4-63 4- 19 General Characteristicsof Profile Sections Within Hat Creek 4-69 4-20 Water Quality for Select Parameters Nithin Hat Creek 4-73 4-21 Hat Creek-SpeciesComposition and Relative Abundance of Fish Collected 4-76 4-22 MeanBack CalculatedTotal Lengths and Ranges for Rainbow Trout in HatCreek 4-93 4-23 MeanBack CalculatedTotal Lengthsand Ranges for Male Rainbow Trout in Hat Creek 4-95 4-24 MeanBack CalculatedTotal Lengthsand Ranges for Female Rainbow Trout in Hat Creek 4-96 4-25 Weighted MeanBack CalculatedTotal Lengths of Male, Female and all Rainbow Trout in Hat Creek 4-97 4-26 Mean Observed Total Lengths of Rainbow Trout in Hat Creek 4-99 4-27 Sections of Hat Creek Characterized by Various Stations 4- 102 4-28 Length-Frequency Distribution (%) for Rainbow Trout 4- 103 4-29 PopulationEstimates by Length Interval (m) for Rainbow Trout 4-105 4-30 Length-Height Relationshipsfor Rainbow Trout:Regression Lines, CorrelationCoefficients and Sample Sizes 4-1 11 4-31 Numbers and Length Ranges (mm) of Sexually Mature Rainbow Trout , 4-115 4-32 Bonaparte River - Summary of Benthic Invertebrate Data 4-119 4-33 Lower Hat Creek - Sumnary of BenthicInvertebrate Data 4-120 4- 34 Upper Hat Creek - Summary of Benthic Invertebrate Data 4-121 4-35 Goose/Fish Hook andFinney Lakes - Summary of Benthic Invertebrate Data 4-123 4-36 Summary of EenthicInvertebrate Data for the ThreeStudy Units 4- 125 4- 37 Summary of Dominant Invertebrate Genera 4- 127 4-38 Summary of Dominant Invertebrate Orders Inhabiting BonaparteRiver and Hat Creek Stations 4-128 -vi- beak .& 4-39 Sumary of Benthic Diverstty and Richness Statistics for the Three Study Units 4-131 4-40 lJumerical (N) and Frequency of Occurrence CFO) Values for the Three Most Abundant Food Items in Stomachs of Rainbow Trout,- September 1976 4-133 4-41 Numerical and Frequency of Occurrence Values for the Three Most Abundant Food Items in Stomachs of Rainbow Trout - June 1977 4-134 4-42 Numerical and Frequency of Occurrence Values for the Three Most Abundant Food Items in Stomachs of Rainbow Trout - August 1977 4-137 4-43 Forage Ratios (S/B) for tlajorBenthic Food Items of Rainbow Trout - September 1976 4-143 4-44 Forage Ratios for Major Benthic Food Items of Rainbow Trout - June 1977 4-144 4-45 Forage Ratios for Elajor Benthic Food Items of Rainbow Trout - August 1977 4-146 5- 1 Estimated Numbers of Rainbow Trout in Hat Creek by Length Interval (m) Between km 21.0 and 28.0 During September 1976and June andAugust 1977 5-10 5-2 Application of the MontanaMethod for Evaluating Instream Flop: Requirements in Hat Creek 5-20 -vii- beak APPENDICES Appendix A - 82 Terms of Reference - June 1977 Appendix B - Life Histories of Resident andAnadromous Fish Occurring within Regional Study Areaand Supplementary Tables. Appendix C - Basic Physiognomy of Benthos and Fisheries Sampling Stations Appendix D - SupplementaryTables - Fisheries and HaterQuality Data Appendix E - First Order and DetailedIdentification of BenthicInvertebrates Appendix F - ComputerProgram Output for Stomach ContentAnalysis beak The Hat Creek Valley is located on the Interior plateau of Britiih Columbia -within which the Fraser and Thompson Riversare the major drainagesystems. By consideringthe existing environnental setting on a regional, offsitt! and local basis,the environmentalimpacts associated with theconstruction, operation and decomnissioning of a thermal power generating plant in Hat Creek Valley have been assessed.Specific reference has been addressed to impact assessment within the localgeographical context: tiat Creek Valley. The conclusionsof the study regarding the local environmental setting at the presenttime and in thefuture with no project development are unital-y. Hat Creek was found to be a system of stableaquatic comunities. Rainbow trout were the dominant fish species found. Mountain whitefish were present in the creek's lowerreaches, as were bridgelip sucker, longnose dace,leopard dace and redsideshiner. The rainbow trout in Hat Creeknumbered approximately 20,000 with one-third to one-halfoccurring in the lower reaches.
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