Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture Bojie Fu • K
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Bojie Fu K. Bruce Jones Editors Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture Bojie Fu • K. Bruce Jones Editors Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environment and Culture 123 Editors Bojie Fu K. Bruce Jones Research Center for Eco-Environmental Desert Research Institute Sciences University of Nevada Chinese Academy of Sciences Las Vegas Beijing USA People’s Republic of China ISBN 978-94-007-6529-0 ISBN 978-94-007-6530-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6530-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932855 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface With increasing human interferences to the earth system, most landscapes are no longer natural but rather are an integration of both natural and culture systems. Landscape ecology, as an interdisciplinary science, is originated from the inte- gration of geography and biology to study landscape structure and function, and has now evolved to seek relationships between humans and nature. Although the important role of humans on the environment and its sustainability has been recognized, their coevolving relationships have not been well connected yet. A more comprehensive understanding about the nature–culture entangled systems could be obtained by taking the advantages of the special theoretical and meth- odological frameworks of landscape ecology. For example, landscape services and biocultural diversity of landscapes are new research areas. At the same time, during the past years, landscape modeling has made advances by including pat- tern–process interactions, and the concepts and approaches of landscape ecology is more extensively applied in landscape planning, management, and policy. There came an excellent chance to raise concerns and to identify opportunities related to the intensified relationships between nature and culture for landscape ecologists. The 8th IALE World Congress was held in the capital of the ancient oriental country—China on August 18–23, 2011, Beijing. The theme of the con- gress was ‘‘Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Environmentand Culture’’. The country has a rich cultural legacy in the long history and complex human-landscape relations. Especially in recent decades, it experienced dramatic economic devel- opment, which aggravated the conflicts between human and environment—similar problems exist in many other countries and regions globally. It is the first time that IALE held a meeting in a developing country and the congress was attended by about 1,000 participants from more than 47 countries or regions. The theme of the congress is proposed as the title of this book. This volume includes a selection of papers presented in the 8th IALE World Congress but not excluding other interested groups or scholars. We hope that this book will replenish the existing literature and provide useful information to the scholars or students in the fields of landscape ecology, geography, ecology, environmental sciences, and sustainability studies. The chapters are grouped into three sessions with the main topics focusing on: v vi Preface Part I. Concepts and Approaches Part II. Landscape Modeling Part III. Landscape Planning and Management The congress would not be that successful without the support from many orga- nizations including International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), State Key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, WWF China, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), and Chinese Ecological Restoration Network (ER-China). We would like to thank the contributions of the International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of ‘‘Ecosystem Processes and Services’’ supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences and China’s State Admin- istration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) and to Springer for considering publication of this book. We also give thanks to the following reviewers who contributed their time and intelligence to review the book chapters. They are Jesper Brandt, Chansheng He, Hubert Gulinck, Billy Johnson, Nan Lu, Paul Opdam, Gloria Pungetti, Simon Swaffield, Zhi Wang, and Zhonglong Zhang. We finally express our gratitude to all the authors of the book. Bojie Fu Kenneth Bruce Jones Contents Part I Concepts and Approaches 1 Coupling Landscape Patterns and Ecological Processes ........ 3 Bojie Fu, Changhong Su and Yihe Lü 2 Strengthening Landscape Ecology’s Contribution to a Sustainable Environment ........................... 21 Clive A. McAlpine, Leonie M. Seabrook, Tiffany H. Morrison and Jonathan R. Rhodes 3 Urban Landscape Ecology: Past, Present, and Future ......... 37 Jianguo Wu, Chunyang He, Ganlin Huang and Deyong Yu 4 Biocultural Diversity for Sustainable Ecological, Cultural and Sacred Landscapes: The Biocultural Landscape Approach ................................. 55 Gloria Pungetti 5 Using Ecosystem Services in Community-Based Landscape Planning: Science is Not Ready to Deliver .................. 77 Paul Opdam 6 Effects of Global Household Proliferation on Ecosystem Services ................................ 103 Jianguo Liu vii viii Contents Part II Landscape Modeling 7 Bringing Climate Change Science to the Landscape Level: Canadian Experience in Using Landscape Visualisation Within Participatory Processes for Community Planning....... 121 Stephen R. J. Sheppard, Alison Shaw, David Flanders, Sarah Burch and Olaf Schroth 8 Watershed Scale Physically Based Water Flow, Sediment and Nutrient Dynamic Modeling System ................... 145 Billy E. Johnson, Zhonglong Zhang and Charles W. Downer 9 Simulation of River Flow for Downstream Water Allocation in the Heihe River Watershed, Northwest China ............. 173 Chansheng He, Lanhui Zhang, Li Fu, Yi Luo, Lanhai Li and Carlo DeMarchi 10 Evaluating the Transport and Fate of Nutrients in Large Scale River Basins Using an Integrated Modeling System ........... 187 Zhonglong Zhang and May Wu 11 Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis for Landscape Pattern Characterization .............................. 205 Xiaojun Yang, Bojie Fu and Liding Chen Part III Landscape Planning and Management 12 Discursive Relationships Between Landscape Science, Policy and Management Practice: Concepts, Issues and Examples ..... 225 Simon Swaffield, Jorgen Primdahl and Mark Hoversten 13 Planning Multifunctional Measures for Efficient Landscape Management: Quantifying and Comparing the Added Value of Integrated and Segregated Management Concepts .......... 249 Carolin Galler, Christina von Haaren and Christian Albert 14 The Structure and Dynamics of Agricultural Landscapes as Drivers of Biodiversity .............................. 285 Francoise Burel, Stephanie Aviron, Jacques Baudry, Violette Le Féon and Chloe Vasseur Contents ix 15 Forest Influences on Climate and Water Resources at the Landscape to Regional Scale ....................... 309 Ge Sun and Yongqiang Liu 16 Are We Destroying Our Insurance Policy? The Effects of Alien Invasion and Subsequent Restoration ..................... 335 Alanna J. Rebelo, David le Maitre, Karen J. Esler and Richard M. Cowling Index ................................................ 365 Part I Concepts and Approaches Chapter 1 Coupling Landscape Patterns and Ecological Processes Bojie Fu, Changhong Su and Yihe Lü Abstract The relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes lays the foundation of landscape ecology, and understanding the relationship between them is key to further promoting the study of landscape ecology. This chapter addresses the importance of coupling research on the relationships between landscape patterns and ecological processes.