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Modernization and Development As Part of the Globalization Process: Holistic Participatory Community Development in a Community in the Mantaro Valley, Peru Edith C

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Modernization and Development As Part of the Globalization Process: Holistic Participatory Community Development in a Community in the Mantaro Valley, Peru Edith C Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2006 Modernization and development as part of the globalization process: Holistic participatory community development in a community in the Mantaro Valley, Peru Edith C. Fernandez-Baca Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Fernandez-Baca, Edith C., "Modernization and development as part of the globalization process: Holistic participatory community development in a community in the Mantaro Valley, Peru" (2006). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1893. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1893 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Modernization and development as part of the globalization process: Holistic participatory community development in a community in the Mantaro Valley, Peru by Edith C. Fernandez-Baca A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Rural Sociology Program of Study Committee: Cornelia Butler Flora, Major Professor Jan Flora Mary Emery Michael Whiteford Betty Wells Lois Wright Morton Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2006 Copyright © Edith C. Fernandez-Baca, 2006. All rights reserved. UMI Number: 3243850 UMI Microform 3243850 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Saúl and Graciela, who have offered me their support, encouragement and love throughout the whole PhD process. Without their ever constant presence in my life, I would not be where I am. I also dedicate my work to my brothers David, Jaime and Jorge, my sisters-in-law and to Daniel, Cristina, Paula, Matías, Mauricio and Jazmin, my nephews and nieces. They bring happiness to my life and without really realizing, have given me with their energy when ever I have needed it. I love you all. I hope that this work is a good reflection of the support you have given me. Thanks to all! iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................vii LIST OF BOXES ...................................................................................................................viii ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................................ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1 Outline of the Document...................................................................................................3 General Research Question ...............................................................................................4 Research Objectives ..........................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 5 Understanding the Community Capitals ...........................................................................5 Natural capital ...................................................................................................................7 Cultural Capital .................................................................................................................7 Human Capital...................................................................................................................8 Social Capital ....................................................................................................................9 Political Capital...............................................................................................................10 Financial Capital .............................................................................................................11 Built Capital ....................................................................................................................12 Using the Community Capitals Framework Lenses to look at Change ..........................12 Differential Access to Resources: Issues of Stratification, Exclusion and Heterogeneity .........................................................................................................................................13 Collective Action, Participation and Community Development.....................................17 Challenges to be Faced: The Effects of Globalization and Modernization on the Process in Colpar..........................................................................................................................20 CHAPTER 3. EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY OF HOLISTIC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES............................22 Research Methodology....................................................................................................22 The Intervention Process.................................................................................................28 CHAPTER 4. THE COMMUNITY OF COLPAR: ITS CAPITALS.....................................30 Community Context........................................................................................................30 Natural Capital ................................................................................................................34 Cultural Capital ...............................................................................................................37 Human Capital.................................................................................................................40 Social Capital ..................................................................................................................42 iv Political Capital...............................................................................................................43 Financial Capital .............................................................................................................45 Built Capital ....................................................................................................................46 Summary .........................................................................................................................48 CHAPTER 5. EXTERNAL INTERVENTION: GRUPO YANAPAI AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY OF COLPAR...............................................49 Relevance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development..................................49 Grupo Yanapai ................................................................................................................53 Low External Input and Sustainable Agriculture Program 1995-1999...........................58 Concerted Action for Local Development Project 1998-2000........................................59 Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program (SANREM CRSP) 2000-2005............................................................60 Summary .........................................................................................................................63 CHAPTER 6. IDENTIFYING NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES: THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF PARTICIPATORY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT...............64 Introducing Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture in the Community of Colpar: The ILEIA Process..........................................................................................................64 Linking Local Knowledge Systems: Building Learning Partnerships............................65 Participatory Technology Development..........................................................................71 What the ILEIA Program Left in the Community of Colpar ..........................................74 Effects at Household Level .............................................................................................78 Summary .........................................................................................................................80 CHAPTER 7. CONCERTED ACTION: WEAVING STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND AGRICULTURE KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS TOGETHER.................................................81 Building the Path towards Holistic Development: Colpar’s Vision of the Future..........83 Phase A: Identification of Relevant Actors and Their Linkages.....................................83 Phase B: Analyzing Linkage Performance...................................................................... 88 Phase C: Action Planning to Modify Roles and Improve Linkages. ..............................90 The Evolution of the Process: What We
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