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Early Lessons from the Food Commons: a New Economic Whole System Approach for Regional Food

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Early Lessons from the Food Commons: a New Economic Whole System Approach for Regional Food Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0801 online https://www.foodsystemsjournal.org PLACE-BASED FOOD SYSTEMS VIEWPOINT Early lessons from The Food Commons: A new economic whole system approach for regional food Jamie Harvie * Institute for a Sustainable Future Submitted December 14, 2018 / Published online August 22, 2019 Citation: Harvie, J. (2019). Early lessons from The Food Commons: A new economic whole system approach for regional food. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(Suppl. 1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2019.091.045 Copyright © 2019 by the Author. Published by the Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems. Open access under CC-BY license. Abstract from typical start-up challenges, the key hurdles The Food Commons is an agro-ecological include the cultural and economic unfamiliarity approach to local and regional food in which the with ecological models and relational operating health of employees, the community, and the systems. commons are considered holistically. Food Commons Fresno is operationalizing the model Keywords with wholesale, food box, hub, commissary, and Commons, Ecological Model, Agro-ecology, farming businesses managed through a linked for- Holism, Food Systems, Integrative, Relational benefit corporation and a community trust. Aside Model, Regenerative Capital, Inequality, Health, New Paradigm, Systems Thinking, Impact * Jamie Harvie, P.E., is executive director of the Institute for a Investing Sustainable Future and is nationally recognized for his exten- sive experience at the intersection of health, community, environment and healthcare. He is a founder of Commons Disclosure Health and the Austin Health Commons and is a 2018 Mr. Harvie is the volunteer coordinating director of The Food BALLE living economy fellow. Mr. Harvie is the author of Commons and serves on its board. He is also an independent numerous health and prevention journal articles and contribu- consult, but for the presentation at the Place-Based Food tor to the textbook Integrative Medicine. He may be reached Systems Conference and this resulting paper, his time and at [email protected] or via http://www.jamieharvie.com. expenses were volunteered. Volume 9, Supplement 1 / Fall 2019 77 Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0801 online https://www.foodsystemsjournal.org Introduction children and the elderly are the most vulnerable. The economic model for the U.S. food and agricul- Mirroring changes in manufacturing and retailing tural industry is predicated on scale, technology, sectors, the industrial food model is now a highly centralization, and consolidation, serving large consolidated economic model, characterized by enterprises and global markets. It is widely global supply chains, commoditized foods, recognized that this industrial food system—how externalized health, and social and environmental we currently produce and distribute food—is costs. Farmers, as original stewards, have been intimately linked to the declining health of indivi- largely supplanted by a plant and animal duals, communities and the planet. manufacturing system, supported by chemistry and Over the last two decades, we have observed technology. Experts have compared our industrial important and necessary responses to the industri- food system to a runaway train (Aubrun, Brown, & alized food model. One notable example is The Grady, 2006), and unless it is brought under Food Commons (TFC), a new economic paradigm control, the industrialized food system will and whole system approach to local and regional continue to exert negative impacts on the health of food in which the health of employees, the com- people and planet. munity and the commons are considered holisti- cally. Its prototype, Food Commons Fresno, is The Call for a Systems Paradigm based in the heart of the industrial food industry, Over the last several decades, the Good Food home to a nearly US$8 billion agriculture industry, Movement has offered a critical response to the but also which hosts the zip codes with some of industrialized food model. The Good Food Move- the highest rates of persistent poverty, pollution, ment is a broad collection of food system actors— obesity, diabetes, and food insecurity in the consumers, farmers, distributors, retailers, health- country. care, and others—who have evolved a “bottom up” response through a call to action for good Our Failed Industrial Agriculture Paradigm food for all. Good food is a holistic definition of It is widely recognized that our industrial food sys- food that bridges various food value systems— tem is intimately linked to the deteriorating health environment, access, justice, and nutrition—rather of individuals, communities and the planet (Harvie, that a continued siloing of consumer, producer, Mikkelsen, & Shak, 2009). We are already experi- and community needs and interests. The Good encing significant impacts in the form of increased Food Movement has helped elevate the importance antibiotic-resistant bacteria, polluted air and water, of food sovereignty, the right of people to healthy food-borne pathogens, and the loss of mid-size and culturally appropriate food and to define their family farms with negative impacts on the econo- own food systems. mies of rural communities and farm states. Obesity At the global level, a variety of governmental is now a global health concern, representing 21% reports underscore the need for a transformation of health costs in the United States (Harvard of global food systems. Noteworthy is the Interna- School of Public Health, n.d.). Poor nutrition is a tional Assessment of Agriculture Knowledge, risk factor for four of the six leading causes of Science, and Technology for Development death nationally: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and (IAASTD), funded by the United Nations organi- cancer. According to recent data, 10% percent of zations (McIntyre, Herren, Wakhungu, & Watson, households with children (3.9 million households) 2009). This report highlights the findings of global were unable to provide adequate, nutritious food scientists charged with answering the question: for their children (Coleman-Jensen, Nord, & Singh, What must we do differently to overcome persis- 2013). The global food system is responsible for up tent poverty and hunger, achieve equitable and sus- to 29% of climate change emissions (Vermeulen, tainable development and sustain productive and Campbell, & Ingram, 2012), leading to a host of resilient farming in the face of environmental crises climate-related health impacts such as heat stress (Ishii-Eiteman, 2009)? Their conclusion explicitly and respiratory distress— conditions to which recognized that the health of the environment, 78 Volume 9, Supplement 1 / Fall 2019 Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0801 online https://www.foodsystemsjournal.org social health of communities and the sustainability to design and build a new food system model. TFC of agriculture are interrelated and must be consid- implicitly recognizes that that the failures of and ered holistically. the problems associated with the industrial food Recommendations include the need to pro- system are largely a function of its concentrated mote value chains, fair trade, organic agriculture ownership, mechanistic design, and an industrial and local food systems that distribute benefits fairly model based on efficiency and extraction. More- and equitably along the chain, and the support of over, a food system that truly meets the long-term democratic institutions. Moreover, the report high- needs of people and the planet should follow lighted that the continued reliance on simplistic ecological principles, to reflect the complexity of its technological fixes will not reduce persistent hun- living systems. With this vision, TFC initiated con- ger and poverty and could exacerbate environmen- venings with a broad set of community actors to tal problems and worsen social inequity. This land- explore questions central to their vision: mark report has become the basis for the UN Human Rights Commission support for agroecol- • What would it take to bring to scale a ogy, a local food systems model, and the Right to nationwide regionalized food system? Food, providing a global framework that is con- • What is the necessary physical and organi- sistent with the development of the Good Food zational infrastructure? Movement. • How do we capitalize and finance for the In 2015, an Institute of Medicine and National long term? Research Council report concluded that the food • How do we develop such a system to be system can be conceptualized as a complex, adap- integrative and holistic? tive system and that “systemic approaches that take • What economic principles would ensure full account of social, economic, ecological, and equity, fairness, and sustainability? evolutionary factors and processes will be required • How would such a system be governed? to meet challenges to the U.S. food system in the • Why would this new system be desirable 21st century” (Institutes of Medicine, 2015, p. 15). and how would it help people prosper and Similarly, through a study of five case studies, flourish? researchers recently concluded that, “adaptive gov- ernance of agro-ecosystems will likely hinge upon In 2011, after a one-year community process, three paradigm shifts: viewing farmers and ranchers not only as food producers Figure 1. Food Commons Components
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