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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN BIOLOGY JUL 1 1 1989 Published by Field Museum of Natural History Volume 41 A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JOHNJ. ENGEL ADD HliV December 29, 1978 FIELDIANA: BOTANY A Continuation of the BOTANICAL SERIES of FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 41 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CHICAGO, U.S.A. A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JJE FRONTISPIECE. Adelanthus tenuis Engel & Grolle. FIELDIANA Botany Published by Field Museum of Natural History Volume 41 A Taxonomic and Phytogeographic Study of Brunswick Peninsula (Strait of Magellan) Hepaticae and Anthocerotae JOHN J. ENGEL Donald Richards Associate Curator of Bryology Department of Botany Field Museum ofNatural History December 29, 1978 Publication 1291 Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 77-20521 ISSN 0015-0746 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements vii I. The Brunswick Peninsula 1 A. Introductory remarks 1 B. Climate 1 II. Collectors of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae 7 A. Gazetteer of Brunswick Peninsula localities 7 B. Excluded collectors of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae 8 C. Personal collection localities and numbers 10 in. Vegetation of the peninsula 12 IV. Phytogeography 16 A. The phytogeographic categories 16 I. Temperate 17 A. American Temperate 17 1. Endemic to Brunswick Peninsula 17 2. Falkland-Brunswick Peninsula 18 3. Fuegian-Brunswick Peninsula 18 4. Magellanian-Brunswick Peninsula 21 5. Valdivian-Brunswick Peninsula 21 6. Valdivian + Magellanian + Brunswick Peninsula 23 7. Andean-Brunswick Peninsula 31 B. Extra-American Temperate 33 1. Amphipacific temperate 33 2. Amphiatlantic temperate 33 3. Pan-temperate 34 II. Non-temperate 35 A. Subantarctic 35 B. Antarctic 36 C. Pan-tropical 38 D. Widespread 38 B. Distribution within the Brunswick Peninsula 38 V. Systematic Account 51 A. Introduction 51 1. Format 51 2. Nomenclature and literature citations 51 a. Author citations 51 b. Journal citations 51 c. Synonymy 51 d. Typifications 51 e. Herbarium citations . 52 IV 3. Ecology 52 4. Distribution 53 5. Literature records 53 6. Specimens seen 54 B. Key to Classes and Orders of Hepaticae and Anthocerotae 54 C. Order Jungermanniales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula .. 55 D. Order Metzgeriales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 253 E. Order Marchantiales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 278 F. Order Anthocerotales: Key to the genera of the Brunswick Peninsula 282 VI. References 286 VII. Index of taxa . 300 PLATES 1 FRONTISPIECE. Adelanthus tennis Engel & Grolle. 1. Map of southern South America south of 52 S. showing average annual rainfall 3 2. Collection localities of Brunswick Peninsula Hepaticae and Anthocerotae ... 9 3. Vegetation regions of southern South America south of 48 S 14 4. Simplified map of vegetation types in the Brunswick Peninsula 15 5. Map of Lophocolea elata (Gott.) Steph 18 6. Map of Leptoscyphus aequatus (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Mitt 19 7. Map of Hygrolembidium isophyllwn Schust 20 8. Map of Lophocolea sylvatica Mitt 22 9. Map of Lepicolea rigida (De Not.) Scott 26 10. Map of Telaranea plumulosa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Fulf. 27 11. Map of Lophocolea textilis (Hook. f. & Tayl.) G. L. & N 28 12. Map of Gackstroemia magellanica (Lam.) Trev 29 13. Map of Pseudocephalozia quadriloba (Steph.) Schust 30 14. Map of Temnoma quadripartitum (Hook.) Mitt 31 15. Map of Metzgeria decipiens (Mass.) Schiffn 32 16. Map of Leptoscyphus expansus (Lehm.) Grolle 34 17. Map of Jamesoniella colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn 35 18. Map of Herzogobryum erosum (Carring. & Pears.) Grolle 36 19. Map of Metzgeria leptoneura Spruce 37 'All maps with the exception of those in Plates 3, 13, 15 and 19 were made from tracings made by the author. The south polar projection was adapted from a Na- tional Geographic Society map (1943). The non-detailed map of southern South America and the world projection map were adapted from the Goode base map series, University of Chicago. The detailed map of southern South America (pi. 1) was adapted from several U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office charts. The map used in Plate 15 was kindly sent to me by Dr. Hugo Sjors, University of Uppsala. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Most of this study was carried out while I was a post-doctoral research fellow at Michigan State University; this fellowship was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant GA- 14262 to Dr. Henry Imshaug) and is acknowledged with thanks. I should like to extend special thanks to Dr. Henry A. Imshaug, Michigan State University, for his interest, good humor, guidance, and stimulating discussions. Thanks also to Dr. Imshaug for pro- viding me with the opportunity of collecting in southern South America. I am grateful to the National Science Foundation (grants GA-1192 and GV-26615 to Dr. Imshaug) which facilitated field work. I wish to acknowledge the Richards Foundation for its support of bryology at Field Museum over a period of many years. This wel- come assistance made possible the final part of research on this project. The Donald Richards Bryological Fund also was used to help defray the cost of publication. I would like to extend special thanks to my wife, Karen, who has aided in many and various stages in preparation of the manuscript. I am grateful to her for her continued support and encouragement. My gratitude to the following individuals for identifying Bruns- wick Peninsula groups in which they specialize. The individuals and their groups are: Dr. R. Grolle, Jena, Germany (Cryptochila, Jamesoniella) ; Dr. Gabriela Hassel de Menendez, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Riccardia); and Dr. H. Inoue, Tokyo, Japan (Plagi- ochila). Special thanks to Dr. Edmundo Pisano V., Punta Arenas, Chile, for comments on vegetational aspects of the peninsula and for for- warding various interesting specimens. My sincere thanks to the individuals and institutions listed be- low for assistance and loan of specimens: Dr. Francesco Bianchini (VER), Dr. C.E.B. Bonner (G), Dr. A. Bresinsky (M), Dr. Howard viii Crum (MICH), Dr. Suzanne Jovet-Ast (PC), Dr. T. Koponen (H), Prof. Dr. J. Miege (G), Dr. Elsa Nyholm (S), Mr. R. Ross (BM), Dr. R. Santesson (formerly at UPS), Dr. Gary L. Smith (NY), and Prof. Dr. Carlo H. Steinberg (FI). I. THE BRUNSWICK PENINSULA A. Introductory Remarks The Brunswick Peninsula lies on the Strait of Magellan and is a southern extension of the South American continent. Cabo Fro- of ward (5353'43" S.), its southern tip, is the most southerly point the South American mainland. The peninsula, which is 76 miles on the long and 62 miles wide, lies between the Strait of Magellan south and east and Seno Otway on the northwest, with Canal Je- ronimo connecting the two. The Brunswick Peninsula is critically located for taxonomical, of the of ecological, and phytogeographical studies Hepaticae southern South America, and the significance of the peninsula re- 1) The sults principally from the following two features: peninsula often is historically important as it was a convenient and necessary As was stopping point for ships navigating the Strait of Magellan. often the case with early expeditions, an individual with botanical or medical training utilized the opportunity of harbor time by col- of this there lecting the flora of the area. As a result attention, exists a rather high percentage of Magellanian taxa, the original material of which was gathered in the Brunswick Peninsula. 2) America better There is perhaps no region in southern South suited for studying hepatic distributions as compared to moisture with under gradients. The rainfall of the region varies drastically, 400 mm. annually in the neck portion to over 1,500 mm. annually in the western portion of the peninsula (see "Climate" below). B. Climate The climatic data available for southern South America is based been upon a rather small number of stations, some of which have established for only a short duration. Precipitation to the The position of southern South America in relation polar 2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 41 front places it in the path of the eastward moving cyclonic storms moving off the Pacific Ocean. The storms originate in mid-ocean where the tropical and polar Pacific air masses come into contact. The coastal cordillera acts orographically on the storms moving inland, and the windward slopes receive heavy precipitation, which except in montane areas is in the form of heavy rains or mists but not snow. Rutland (1957) published annual precipitation figures for the following three pairs of stations in southern Chile and states that these "... show an important similarity, and indicate the frame- work of a pattern which is probably common throughout the west- ern half of the region." Western Eastern Location section nun. rainfall Section nun. rainfall North IslaGuafo 1,270 Melinka 3,175 Central Cabo Raper 2,032 San Pedro 4,724 South Evangelistas 2,769 Bahia Felix 5,080 The stations illustrate an increase in rainfall southward and an increase westward over a relatively short distance. Elevated por- tions of islands to the interior of the archipelago as well as the mainland coast receive considerably more precipitation than the outer exposed islands. This is rather dramatic in the Strait of Ma- gellan region with Bahia Felix receiving nearly twice the rainfall of Grupo Evangelistas (see also pi. 1). Precipitation decreases markedly eastward, particularly in those localities in the rain shadow of the Andes. In the straits region this may be illustrated by the 5,080 mm. annual rainfall of Bahia Felix 1 compared to the 436 mm. of Punta Arenas (see table 1), and in the Brunswick Peninsula the western portion receives 1,500 mm. an- nually as compared to under 400 mm. near the peninsular neck (see pi.
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    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Linking morphological and molecular sources to disentangle the case of Xylodon australis Javier Fernández‑López1,3*, M. Teresa Telleria1, Margarita Dueñas1, Mara Laguna‑Castro1,4, Klaus Schliep2 & María P. Martín1 The use of diferent sources of evidence has been recommended in order to conduct species delimitation analyses to solve taxonomic issues. In this study, we use a maximum likelihood framework to combine morphological and molecular traits to study the case of Xylodon australis (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) using the locate.yeti function from the phytools R package. Xylodon australis has been considered a single species distributed across Australia, New Zealand and Patagonia. Multi‑locus phylogenetic analyses were conducted to unmask the actual diversity under X. australis as well as the kinship relations respect their relatives. To assess the taxonomic position of each clade, locate.yeti function was used to locate in a molecular phylogeny the X. australis type material for which no molecular data was available using morphological continuous traits. Two diferent species were distinguished under the X. australis name, one from Australia–New Zealand and other from Patagonia. In addition, a close relationship with Xylodon lenis, a species from the South East of Asia, was confrmed for the Patagonian clade. We discuss the implications of our results for the biogeographical history of this genus and we evaluate the potential of this method to be used with historical collections for which molecular data is not available. Only six years before the famous wreck of the HMS Erebus and HMS Terror during Franklin’s lost Arctic expedi- tion, Sir James Clark Ross commanded the same two vessels during his Antarctic mission with the purpose of investigating terrestrial magnetism between 1839 and 1843.
  • Pollen Morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and Its Phylogenetic Significance

    Pollen Morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and Its Phylogenetic Significance

    Acta Palaeobotanica 56(2): 223–245, 2016 DOI: 10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance DAMIÁN ANDRÉS FERNÁNDEZ1,*, PATRICIO EMMANUEL SANTAMARINA1,*, MARÍA CRISTINA TELLERÍA2,*, LUIS PALAZZESI 1,* and VIVIANA DORA BARREDA1,* 1 Sección Paleopalinología, MACN “B. Rivadavia”, Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR) C.A.B.A.; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva (LASBE), Museo de La Plata, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s/n° (B1900FWA) La Plata; e-mail: [email protected] * Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Received 31 August 2016, accepted for publication 10 November 2016 ABSTRACT. Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards).