1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1759
By Mr. PAGE: Petitions of M. L. :Mathews, M. D., and 187 By Mr. WEEMS: Papers to accompany bill H. R. 8421, for the others, of East Bend, N.C., and B. Cole and 50 others, of Sanford relief of Russell A. McKinley-to the Committee on Military Af Township, N. C., in favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the fairs. Committee on the Judiciary. · Also, papers to accompany bill H. R. 9289, granting a pension By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Papers to accompany bill H. R. to Theodore T. Bruce-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 11182, granting an increase of pension to William J. Murray-to By Mr. WILLIAMS of illinois: Resolutions of Carmi Post, No. the Committee on Invalid Pen.,ions. 296, and Winfield Ingraham Post, No. 238, Grand Army of the By Mr. ROBERTS: Resolution of U.S. Grant Post, No.4, of Republic, Department of illinois, in favor of a service-pension Melrose, Mass., and Theodore Winthrop Post, No. 35, of Chelsea, bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mass. Grand Army of the Republic, in favor of a service-pension By Mr. WRIGHT: Resolutions of Post No. 33; Watkins Post, bill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. No. 68, and Stevens Post, No. 69, Grand Army of the Republic, By Mr. RUPPERT: Resolution of New York Chamber of Com Department of Pennsylvania, in favor of a service-pension bill merce, relative to the harbor of refuge at Point Judith, Rhode to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Island-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Alsv, resolution of the Merchants' Association of New York, relative to the repeal of the desert-land act-to the Committee on SENATE. the Public Lands. Also. memorial of the National Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, TUESDAY, February 9, 190.ft-. relative to good-roads bill, etc.-to the Committee on Agriculture. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD EvERETT H.A.LE: Also, petition of the New Y 01·k Board of Trade and Transpor The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro tation, relative to the Quarles-Cooper bill-to the Committee on ceedings, when, on the request of Mr. KE.AN, and by unanimous Interstate and Foreign Commerce. consent. the further reading was dispensed with. Also, resolution of the National Board of Trade, approving The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Journal will stand ap the extension of the navigation laws-to the Committee on Inter proved. state and Foreign Commerce. OFFICE OF THE TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES. Also, resolution of the New York State senate, relative to the The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com promotion of the efficiency of the Life-Saving Service-to the munication from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. letter from the Treasurer of the United States requesting the Also. resolution of the New York State senate, in favor of the adoption of an amendment to the legielative, executive, and ju Brownlow good-roads bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. dicial appropr;ation bill relating to the force of his office, so as to Also, resolution of the New York Board of Trade and Trans provide for nine expert counters in lieu of nine clerks, at $700 portation, relative to the harbor of refuge at Point Judith, R. I. each; which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to the to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. By Mr. SHERMAN: Papers to accompany_bill H. R. 11423, ACCEPTANCE OF DECORATIONS. granting a pension to Evelyn S. Beardslee-to the Committee on Pensions. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a com By Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH: Resolution of the American As munication from the Secretary of State, requesting that certain sociation of Masters and Pilots of Steam Vessels, Detroit Harbor, United States officials be permitted to re~eive decorations of the No. 47, relative to a breakwater at Rogers City, Mich.-to the order of the Legion of Honor conferred upon them by the French Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Government; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Also, resolution of the Shipmasters' Association. Detroit, Mich., Relations, and ordered to be printed. relative to a harbor of refuge at Rogers City, Mich.-to the Com MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. mittee on Rivers and Harbors. A message from the House of Representatives. by Mr. C. R. Also, resolution of Michigan Woman's Temperance Union, in McKENNEY, its enrolling clerk, announced that the House had favor of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the Committee on the passed a bill (H. R. 8160) to authorize the construction of bridges Judiciary. across a portion of the Minnesota River in the State of Minne By Mr. STEENERSON: Petition of St. Paul Yacht Club, rela sota; in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. tive to bill extending navigation laws-to the Committee on Inter PETITIONS .AND MEMORIALS. state and Foreign Commerce. The PRESIDENT pro tempore presented memorials of Con By Mr. SULLIVAN of New York: Memorial of the board of cordia Lodge, No. 5, of Cleveland; of Aurora Lodge, No. 259, of supervisors of San Francisco, in relation to Tuolumne River and Cleveland; of Standhaft Union, No.5, of Cleveland; of Schiller Lake Eleanor reservoir rights of way-to the Committee on Rivers Lodge, of Massillon; of the Liederkranz of Cincinnati; of the and Harbors. West Cincinnati Turn Verein, of Cincinnati: of the Unterstiitz Also, resolution of New York Board of Trade and Transporta ungs Verein of Cincinnati; of the German Teachers' Relief As tion, in relation to the Quarles-Cooper bill-to the Committee on sociation, of Cineinn a ti, and of the German Veterans' Association, Interstate and Foreign Commerce. of Springfield, all in the State of Ohio; of the F. J. Russ Hunting By Mr. SULZER: Resolution of the Chamber of Commerce, and Fishing Club, of Pittsburg; of the Germania Liederkranz, of relative to the harbor of refuge at Point Judith, R. I.-to the Pittsbm·g; of the Southwart Arbeiter, of Philadelphia, and of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. St. Peter's RittEr Verein, of Philadelphia, all in the State of Also, petition of Union ex-prisoners of war, urging the passage Pennsylvania; of tlie Swiss National Society Helvetia, of Denver, of bill H. R. 9313, relative to p;msion-to the Committee on Inva Colo.; of the Vater John Lodge, No. 301, of New Britain, Conn.; lid Pensions. of the Plattdeutsche Gilde, No. 16, of Michigan Cjty, and of the Also, resolution of United Commercial Travelers of America Young Men's German Organization of Richmond, all in the State New York Council, No. 114, relative to an amendment to the of Indiana; of the Maennerchor of Davenport, and of the Ger bankruptcy act-to the Committee on the Judiciary. man Mechanics' Aid Society, of Muscatine, all in the State of By ~Ir. TATE: Paper to accompany bill granting an increase Iowa; of the Liederkranz of Loui ville, Ky.; of Germania Lodge of pension to Frances J. Childers; also, paper to accompany bill of the Order of Columbian Knights, of Elgin, and of the Platt granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Baird-to the Commit deutsche Gilde Teutonia, No. 61, of Chlcago, all in the State of tee on Invalid Pensions. Illinois; of the Turn Verein of New York City; of the German By Mr. THAYER: Resolution of Massachusetts Agricultural Mutual Ben-efit Association, of Binghamton; of the Kreis Pinna College Alumni Club, in favor of increasing appropriations for berger Verein, of New York City; of the Ostener Club, of New Stat3 experiment stations-to the Committee on Agriculture. York City; of the Allemania Association, of New York City, and Also, resolutions of George H. Thomas Post, No. 131, of Leices of the Kreis Zevener Pleasure Club, of New York City, all in the ter, Mass., and George A. Custer Post, No. 70, of Millbury, Mass., State of New York; of Schiller Grove, No.1, of Tacoma; of Steu Grand Army of the Republic. in favor of a service-pension bill ben Lodge, No. 65, of Tacoma, and of the Liederkranz of Seattle, to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. all in the State of Washington; of the Barden Maennerchor, of By Mr. THOMAS of Iowa: PaperstoaccompanybillH.R.1900, Milwaukee, and of Lodge No. 54, of Milwaukee, in the State of granting an increase of pension to Samuel Visnow-to the Com Wisconsin; of the Rutersville Lodge, of Rutersville, Tex.; of the mittee on Invalid Pensions. General Genn~m Aid Society, of Portland, Oreg.; of the Hessen Also, protest of citizens of the Eleventh Congressional district Darmstaedter Verein, of Baltimore; and of the Badenser Verein, of Iowa, against the passage of the parcels-post bill-to the Com of Baltimore, all in the State of Maryland; of the German Work mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. ingmen's Society, of Petoskey, Mich.; of Germania Lodge, No. By Mr. VREELAND: Petitions of 35 citizens of Portville, 14, of Easthampton, and of the Turn Verein of Boston, in the State N.Y., favoring the passage of the Hepburn-Dolliver bill-to the of Massachusetts; of the German Society of New Orleans, La.; of Committee on the Judiciary. the Sociale Saengerchor, of St. Louis; of the Plattdeutscher Ve- 1760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 9, rein of St. Joseph; of Concordia Turn Verein, of St. Louis; of the c:il, of Roselle Park, N.J., praying for the adoption of certain Sachsen and Thueringer Verein, of Kansas City; of Beethoven amendments to the immigration law; which was referred to the Lodge, No. 337, of Kansas City, and of Concordia Maennerchor, Committee on Immigration. of St. Louis, all in the State of Uissouri, remonstrating against He also presented a petition of sundry soldiers and sailors of the enactment of legislation to regulate the interstate transporta the civil war of Camden, N.J. praying for the passage of the tion of intoxicating liquors; which were referred to the Commit so-called prisoner-of-war bill; which was referred to the Com tee on the Judiciary. mittee on Pensions. Mr. GALLINGER presented a petition of the congregation of He also presented a petition of the congregation of the :Meth the Baptist Chmch of New London, N.H., praying for the enact odist Episcopal Church of Summit~ N.J., and a petition of the ment of legislation to prevent the nullification of State laws rela congregation of the Presbyterian Church of Summit, N.J. pray· tive to the sale of intoxicating liquors; which was referred to the ing for an investigation of the charges made and filed against Committee on Interstate Commerce. Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of Utah; which were He also presented the petition of Charles W. Hayes, of Dover, referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. N. H., and a petition of the board of sinking-fund commissioners, He also presented a petition of General A. E. Shiras Post, No. of Port mouth, N.H., praying for the enactment of legislation 26 Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of the Republic, of providing for the construction of good roads throughout the Mount Holly, N.J., and a petition of U.S. Grant Post, No. 117, country; which were referred to the Committee· on Agriculture Department of New Jersey, Grand Army of the Republic; of New and Forestry. Jersey, praying for the enactment of a service-pension law; which Mr. SCOTT presented a petition of sundry citizens of Monroe were referred to the Committee on Pensions. and Greenbrier counties, W.Va., praying for the enactment of :Mr. DUBOIS presented a petition of the Tscemimcenn Club, of legislation providing for the construction of roads throughout the Lewiston, Idaho, praying for an investigation of the charge made country, and also for the passage of the so-called pure-food bill; and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of which was referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Utah: which was referred to the Committee on Privileges and He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Wheeling, Elections. W.Va., praying for the enactment of legislation providing for 1\fr. McENERY presented an affidavit to accompany the bill the construction of roads throughout the country; which was re (S. 3817) for the relief of the estates of W. R. Brown and Urs. ferred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Elmyra Brown, deceased; which was refen·ed to the Committee He also presented a petition of Capt. Philip G. Bien Post, No. on Claims. 17. Department of West Virginia, Grand Army of the Republic, He also presented a paper to accompany the bill (S. 3 15) for of West Virginia, praying for the enactment of a service-pension the relief of the estate of Jacob Israel, deceased; which was re law; which was referred to the Committee on Pensions. ferred to the Committee on Claims. He also presented a petition of the West Virginia Conference He also presented sundry papers to accompany the bill (S. 4028) Seminary, Buckhannon, W.Va., praying for the enactment of for the relief of the estate of J. M. C. Knight; which were referred iegislation to regulate the interstate transportation ofintoxicating to the Committee on Claims. liquors; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. HOAR presented petitions of James H. Sargent Post, No. Mr. GAMBLE presented the petition of C. J. Anderson and 11 130, of West Medway; of Dahlgren Post, No.2, of South Boston; other citizens of Plankinton, S.Dak., veterans of the civil war, of Paul Revere Post, No. 88, of Quincy; of Justin Dimick Post. pra)ing for the enactment of a service-pension law; which was No. 124, of East Bridgewater; of E. S. Clai·k Post, No. 115, of referred to the Committee on Pensions. Massachusetts; of Edwin Humphrey Post. No. 104, of Hingham, Mr. KEAN. I pre ent a concurrent resolution of the legisla and of John Rogers Post. No. 170, of Mansfield; all of the Depart ture of New Jersey, in favor of an appropriation for the construc ment of Massachusetts, Grand Army of the Republic, in the State tion of a new harbor of safety adjacent to the city of Cape May, of Massachusetts, praying for the enactment of a service-pension in that State. I ask that the concurrent resolution be printed in law; which were referred to the Committe3 on Pensions. the RECORD and referred to the Committee on Commerce. He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of the United There being no objection, the concurrent resolution was·refeiTed States, representing 2,000,000 members of the Baptist churches, to the Committee on Commerce, and ordered to be printed in the 700,000 members of the African Methodist Church, and 550,000 RECORD, as follows: members of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Chm·ch pray STATE OF NEW JERSEY. ing for the enactment of legislation providing for the construc Concurrent resolution by the senate and general assembly. tion of a memorial home for aged and infirm colored people; Whereas the physical formation of the New Jersey coast, with its danger which was refen·ed to the Committee on Military Affairs. ous shoals, shallow harbors, and tortuous inlets, offer no refuge to vessels of He also presented petitions of DiamondLollge, No.183, of Cam modern draft, the depth of which are increasing year by year; and bria; of Butternut Lodge, No. 295, of Butternut; and of Lodge Whereas the merchant marine proceeding south oftentimes encounter un expected gales after leaving Sandy Hook, while the entire coast of the State No. 242, of Buena Vista, all of the Independent Order of Goocl offers no harbor of safety; and Templars, in the State of Wisconsin, praying for the enactment Whereas deeply laden vessels proceeding north or east from Delaware of legislation to regulate the interstate transportation of intoxi Breakwater frequently encounter storms that prevent their return, making a new harbor of refuge absolutely necessary; and c.:
fining the b·ade between the United States and the Philippines which were severally read twice by their titles1 and refen-ed to exclusively to vessels of American registry; which was referred the Committee on Pensions: to the Co~ee on the Philippines. A bill (S. 424-1) granting an increase of pension to Robert Carney; He also presented a petition of the Ministerinm of Altoona, Pa., .A. bill (S. 4242) granting an increase of pension to .Andrew praying for the enactment of legislation providing for the closing Fisher; and on Sunday of the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition; which A bill (S. 424.3) granting an increase of pension to John Burns. was ordered to lie on the table. Mr. GALLINGER introduced a bill (S. 4244) to incorporate He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Philadel- the Washington Sanitary Housing Company; which was read phia, Pa., praying for the ratification of the Panama Canal treaty; twice by its title, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. the Committee on the District of Colnmbia. Mr. HEYBURN presented a petition of 63 citizens of Kootenai He also (by request) introduced a bill (S. 4245) to fix fees and County, Idaho, praying for an investigation of the charges made costs in the probate court of the Disb'ict of Columbia and to and filed against Hon. REED SMOOT. a. Senator from the State of provide for the collection and payment of the same, and for other Utah; which was refen-ed to the Committee on Privileges and purposes; which was read twice by its title, and, with the accom Elections. panying paper, referred to the Committee on the District of Mr. McCOMAS presented the petition of Calder Little and Colnmbia. 21 other citizens of Hereford, Md., praying for the enactment of Mr. LATThiER introduced a. bill (S. 4246) granting an increase legislation to regulate the interstate transportation of intoxicating of pension to Louis Groverman; which was read twice by its title, liquors: which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. and. with the accompanying papers, refen-ed to the Committee Mr. PATTERSON presented a petitionof the Nonpartisan Dis- on Pensions. trict Convention of Alaska, praying for the adoption of a Territo- Mr. BLACKBURN introduced a bill (S. 4247) granting an in· rial form of government for that District; which was referred to crease of pension to John B. Graves; which was read twice by its the Committee on Territories. title. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. He also presented a petition of Local Union No. 4, Carpenters 111r. HEYBURN introduced a bill (S. 4248) to establish a fish- and Joiners, of Columbus, Ohio, and a petition of the Woman's hatching and fish station in the State of Idaho; which was read Auxiliary No.2, of Victor, Colo., praying for the enactment of twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Fisheries. legislation to investigate the labor conditions in Colorado; which He also introduced a bill (S. 4249) granting an increase of pen· were referr2d to the Committee on the Judiciarv. sion to Mary Gilroy; which was read twice by its title, and re· 1\Ir. GORMAN presented memorials of sundryproperty holders ferred to the Committee on Pensions. and residents of },1 street NW., of Washington, D. C., remon- Mr. HOAR introduced a bill (S. 4250) to appropriate the snm strating against the enactment of legislation permitting residen- of $4:(),000 to the Cape Cod Pilgrims Memorial Association~ to be tial streets in that city to be surrendered to the nse of raihoads; used in erecting at Provincetown, Mass., a suitable memorial of which were referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. the landing of the Pilgrims; which was read twice by its title, He also presented a petition of the congregation of the Alnntt and refen-ed to the Committee on the Library. 1\Iemorial :Methodist Protestant Ohnrch, of Baltimore, :Md., and Mr. PENROSE introduced a bill (S. 4251) to establish a board a petition of the congregation of the Lafayette Square Presby- entitled" The Naval Academy Advisory Board;" which was read terian Church, of Baltimore, Md., praying for the enactment of twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. legislation providing for the closing on Snnday of the Lewis and He also introduced the following bills~ which were severally read Clark Centennial Exposition; which wei·e ordered to lie on the twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Pensions: table. A bill (S. 4252) granting an increase of pension to Eli Shockey; He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Middletown, A bill (S. 4253) granting a pension to 1\Iicheal Duffy (with an Kennedyville, and Baltimore; of the congregation of the West- accompanying paper); and minster Presbyterian Church, of Georgetown; of the congrega- A bill (S. 4254) granting an increase of pension to William H. tion of the Grace Presbyterian Chnrch, of Kennedyville; of the Collingwood (with accompanying papers). congregation of the Worton Presbyterian Chm;ch,ofWorton, and Mr. BATE introduced a bill (S. 4255) for the relief of the heirs of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Kennedyville, of Jacob Towson, deceased; which was read twice by its title, and all in the State of Maryland, praying for an investigation of the referred to the Committee on Claims. charges made and filed against Hon. REED S)100T1 a Senator from Mr. McCOMAS introduced a bill (S. 4256) amending the stat the State of Utah; which were referred to the Committee on utes relating to patents, relieving medical and dental practition- Privileges and Elections. ers from unjnst burdens imposed by patentees holding patents REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. covering methods and devices for treating hnman dise~ro. ail- Mr. FOSTER of Washington, from the Committee on Com- fu~: t~t1:~=~ ~~i~~;;!~~ead twice by its title, andre merce, to whom was referred the bill (S. 3720) to authorize the He also introduced the following bills; which were severally St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway Company, in the recon- read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on Pen· struction of the bridge across the Missouri River at or near St. sions: Joseph, Mo., to lower said bridge and to shorten the draw spans A bill (S. 4257) granting an increase of pension to Jessie S. thereof, reported it without amendment, and submitted a. report Habersham; thereon. A bill (S. 4258) granting an inm·ease of pension toSnsan N. Kin· He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the kead (with an accompanying paper); and bill (H. R. 8 89) to amend an act entitled "An act to authorize A bill (8. 4259) granting an increase of pension to John Phorr. the construction of a bridge across the Monongahela River in the Mr. SCOTT introduced a bill (S. 4260) for the relief of Thomas State of Pennsylvania by the Eastern Railroad Company, 're- C. Sweeney; which was read twice by its title, and referred to ported it without amendment. the Committee on Claims. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the Mr. BACON introduced a bill (S. 4261) for the relief of Mary • bill (H. R. 3578) to authorize the Mercantile Bridge Company to E. Forrester and Alexander B. Duncan; which was read twice by construct a bridge over the Monongahela. River, Pennsylvania, its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to the Com· from a point in the borough of North Charleroi, Washington mittee on Claims. County, to a point inRostraverTownship, WestmorelandCon:nty, Mr. GORMAN introduced a bill (S. 426.2) for the relief of the reported it without amendment. legalrepresentativesof HenryW. Freedley; which was read twice He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the by its title, and referred to the Committee on Claims. bill (H. R. 9319) providing for the construction of a bridge across He also introduced a bill (S. 4263) granting an increase of pen· the Red Rive1· of the North at Fargo, N.Dak., reported it with sion to Antonette Stewart: which was read twic-e by its title, and, anMameWndAmReRntE.N fr th C 'tt Cl . t h with the accompanying paper, refened to the Committee on Pen· r. . , om,., e omm1 ee on rums, o w om ~as sions. referred the b~ (~. 411 1 ) to pa~ the members of the plumbmg Mr. FRYE introduced a bill (8. 4Z64) referring to the Court of board of the DIStn?t of ~olnmbia f~om Ap~ 27, 1~93,.to. July 1. Claims a certain claim ~or demurrage and for damages to a 1898,.a ked to be dischaic.ed fr?m Its furth_! c~n Ideiation a!ld I schooner by acts of certain United States naval officers; which tha~ It be referred to the Comnnttee on the District of Coiumbm; was read twice by its title and refeiTed to the Committee on which was agreed to. Claims. ' BILLS IXTRODUCED. ~-n~ TO APPROPRllTIO:Y BILLS. 1\Ir. FULTON introduced a bill (S. 4240) granting a pension to Thomas R. Smith; which was read twice by its title. and, with Mr. HOAR submitted an amendment proposing to appropriate the accompan -ing papers, referr-ed to the Committee on Pensions. $'>00,000 of arrears of pay and bounty which are due the estates of Mr. NELSON (for Mr. CLA.PP) introduced the following bills; deceased colored soldiers. who served in the late civil war, as XXXVITI-111 1762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SEN ATE. FEBRUARY 9, found due by the accounting officers of the Treasury and repaid The amendment was agreed to. . into the Treasm·y by the Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, The next amendment was, under the subhead "Salaries of am to build in the District of Columbia a memorial national home for bassadors and ministers," on page 3, line 16, to increase the appro aged and infirm colored people and to maintain the inmate8'0f the priation of charges d'affaires ad interim and diplomatic officers same, intended to be proposed by him to the army appropriation abroad from $30,000 to $35,000. bill; which was ordered to be printed, and, with the accompany The amendment was agreed to. ing papers, referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. The next amendment was, on page 3, line 17, to increase the Mr. QUARLES submitted an amendment proposing to increas~ total appropnation for salaries of ambassadors and ministers from the appropriation for agricultm·al experiment stations from $409,500 to $415,500. $810,000 to $1,055,000, and providing that from such sum 20,000 The amendment was agreed to. shall be paid to each State and Territory entitled to such benefits The next amendment was, under the subhead " Salaries of sec under the act approved March 2, 1887, and acts supplementary retaries of embassies and legations," on page 5, line 6, after the thereto, intended to be proposed by him to the agricultural appro word" Belgium," to insert" Denmark, Portugal;" and in line 9, priation bill; which was referred to the Committee on Agricul before the word " dollars," to strike out " nine thousand " and ture and Forestry, and ordered to be printed. insert "twelve thousand six hundred; " so as to make the clause HOUSE BILL REFERRED. read: The bill (H. R. 8160) to authorize the construction of bridges Secretaries of legations to Belgium, Denmark, Portugal, the Netherlands across a portion of the Minnesota River in the State of ltfinnesota and Luxemburg, Turkey, Spain, and Brazil, at 1,800 each, $12,600. was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on The amendment was agreed to. Commerce. The next amendment was, on page 6, line 11, to increase the DIPLOMATIC .AND CONSULAR APPROPRIATION BILL. total appropriation for salaries of secretaries of embassies and le gations, from $84,525 to 888,125. Mr. HALE. I ask that the diplomatic and consular appropria The amendment was agreed to. tion bill be laid before the Senate. The next amendment was, on page 9, after line 5, to insert: There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 11287) making ap LEGATION BUILDINGS AT SEOUL, KOREA. propriations for the diplomatic and consu1:
The next amendment was, in class 4, on page 18, after line 6, to clerical services at a number of the principal consulates where most needed, insert: $36,000. The amendment was agreed to. Ciudad Porfl.rio Diaz, Mexico. The reading of the bill was concluded. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend The next amendment was, on page 18, after line 12, to strike out: ments were concurred in. LourenQo Marquez, Africa. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed, and the bill to The amendment was agreed to. . be read a third time. The next amendment was, on page 18, after line14, to strikeout: Mr. BACON. Has the Secretary read the entire bill? Odessa, RllSSia. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The entire bill. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The next amendment was, in Class V, on page 19, after line 15, RELATIONS WITH COLOMBIA.. to insert: Budapest, Austria-!!: ungary. Mr. OVERMAN. I ask unanimous consent that the Chair may The amendment was agreed to. lay before the Senate the Bacon resolution, in order that I may The next amendment was, on page19, afterline20, to strikeout: submit a few remarks. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North Car Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, Mexico. olina asks unanimous consent that the resolution known as the The amendment was agreed to. "Bacon resolution" shall now be laid before the Senate. The next amendment was, in Class VI, on page 22, after line 20, Mr. BACON. I understand that the resolution called up by to strike out: the Senator from North Carolina is the unfinished business. Budapest, Austria-Hungary. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It is the unfinished business, The amendment was agreed to. but it would not have come up until2 o~clock unless the Senator The next amendment was, on page 23, after line 23, to insert: had asked unanimous consent that it might be taken up now. Moncton, New Brunswick. 1\Ir. BACON. I had not noticed the hour. The amendment was agreed to. There being no objection, the Senate resumed the consideration The next amendment was, on page 24: after line 5, to insert: of the resolution submitted by Mr. BACON on the 12th ultimo, as Port au Prince, HaitL modified by him yesterday, as follows: · The amendment was agreed to. Resolved, That the President be respectfully informed that the Senate favor and advise the negotiation, with a view to its ratification, of a treaty The next amendment was, on page 24, after line 12, to insert: with the Republic of Colombia, to the end that there may be peacefully and Rouen, France. satisfactorily determined and adjusted all differences between the United States and the Republic of Colombia, with the intent of removing any cause The amendment was agreed to. of irritation or conflict, and of restoring the cordial relations heretofore ex The next amendment was, on page 25, after line 4, to insert: isting between the United States and Colombia, and also of securing the Turks Island, West India. hearty cooperation of the Colombian people in the construction of the canal at Panama. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, in Schedule C Class Vll, on page 25, 1\lr. OVERMAN. Mr. President, this long debate upon the after line 18, to strike out: pending resolutions in regard to the treaty with Panama is about Rouen, France. to close. Being a new Senator, I have preferred to adhere to the traditions of the Senate and remain silent for a while at least. I The amendment was agreed to. do not now rise for the purpose of making a speech, but to make The next amendment was, on page 25 ,line 23 , to reduce the total a plain statement of my position. appropriation for salaries of consuls from $482,500 to $480,500. I have preferred to vote with my colleague, who at the very The amendment was agreed to. outset announced his purpose to vote for the treaty, and I have 'Ihe next amendment was, under the subhead "Allowances for hoped, having always been a strong advocate of a carial, and clerk hire at United States consulates," on page 27, after line 2, knowing that a very large number if not a majority of my people to insert: and probably the people of the country desire the treaty ratified, Monterey, $1,400. that I could get the consent of my conscience to support it. I The amendment was agreed to. have heard the debate, have for myself investigated every phase The next amendment was, on page 27, line 15, after the word of the contl"Oversy, have familiarized myself with all the facts "Messina", to st rike out "Monterey;" and in line 18, before the and circumstances sunounding the revolution in Panama, and word "dollars," to strike out" eight hundred;" so as to make the its recognition by this Government as an independent Republic, clause read: with a view, if possible, to vote for the treaty, and at the same Beirut\ Buenos Ayres, Cape Town1 Colon, Dawson City, Dresden, Dundee, time not violate my duty as a Senator, representing not only the Guayaquil, Kingston (Jamaica), Leipsic, Maracaibo, Melbourne, Messina, Naples, Palermo, Panama, Port au Prince, Singapore, Smyrna, Tangier, great State of North Carolina, but representing my COJID.try as Toronto, Tunstall, Vancouver, Vera Cruz, and Victoria, at $800 each, $ro,OOO. w~. - The amendment was agreed to. But, :Mr. President, there has been all the time standing before The next amendment was, on page 27, line 24, to increase the ap me an insurmountable barrier which has prevented my eoming propriation for clerk hil'e at United States con!rn.lates at Aix-la to this conclusion. Chapelle, Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, Halifax, and Here is a solemn treaty-the treaty of 1846-entered into be Lucerne, at $640 each, from $2,600 to $3,200. tween this country and New Granada-now Colombia-a solemn The amendment was agreed to. covenant, sealed, signed, and delivered, ratified, interchanged, and The next amendment was, on page 28, line 1, before the word filed in the archives of each Government for its future conduct, "Cairo," to insert" Bahia;" and in line 5, before the word "dol the one to the other, for all time unless modified or repealed. It lars," to strike out " eight thousand four hundred" and insert is called a treaty of ' peace, amity, navigation and commerce." " nine thousand; " so as to make the clause l'ead: For the purpose of my statement I will read only a summary of Bahia, Cairo, Colo&'Ile ConstantinoiJle, Huddersfteld, Mainz, Munich, New the thirty-fifth article, which is as follows: oastle.o~-Tyne, Nottingham, Odessa, Para, Pernambuco, Solingen, Tampico, The Government of New Granada guaranteed to the Government of the and Zunch, at $600 each, $9,000. United States that the right of way or tranc;it across the Isthmus of Panama, upon any mode of communication then existing or thereafter constructed, The amendment was agreed to. should be open and free to the Government and citizens of the United States, The next amendment was, on page 28, line 11 to increase the and for the transportation of any articles of produce, manufactures, or mer chandise of lawful commerce belonging to the citizens of the United States. total appropriation for clerk hire at United States consulates from * * * And the Government of the United States, in order to secure to $95,500 to $96,700. themselves the tranquil and constant enjoyment of the advantages men The amendment was agreed to. tioned, and as an especial compensation for said advantages and other favors acquired by the treaty, guaranteed, positively and efficaciously, by that The next amendment was, on page 28, line 17, before the word stipulation, the perfect neutrality of the Isthmus of Panama with the view "thousand," to strike out "forty" and insert "twenty-five;" so that free transit from one to the other sea should not be interrupted or em as to make the clause read: barrassed in any future time while the treaty should exist; and, in conse quence, the Uruted States also guaranteed in the same manner-to wit, Allowance for clerks at consulates, to be expended under the direction of positively and efficaciously-the right of sovereignty and property which New the Secretary of State at consulates not herein provided for in respect to clerk Granada then had and possessed over the said territory, to wit, the entire hire, no greater portion of this sum than $500 to be allowed to any one con Isthmus of Panama. sulate in any one fiscal year, $25,000: Provided, That the total sum expended in one year shall not exceed the amount appropriated. .Therefore, Mr. President, we not only guaranteed the perfect The amendment was agreed to. neutrality of the Isthmus of Panama, but the United States in The next amendment was, on page 28, after line 19, to insert: the most positive terms guaranteed the rigcts of sovereignty and For thirty clerks, who shall be American citizens and shau receive not more property which Colombia had and possessed in the said territory, than $1,200 a year in any one case, to enable the Secretary of State to provide the entire Isthmus of Panama. .1764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE . FEBRUARY 9, ·
It is contended that the guaranty of sovereignty means only sovereignty over the Isthmus, because the President in his mes-: the guaranty of overeignty as against foreign nations, and not sage says: as against secession and dismemberment from Colombia. The following instructions were sent to the war ve...c:sels, the Boston, the The friends and high contracting parties could have had no such Dixie,and the Nashville: ''Maintain free and uninterrupted transit. If inter ruption is threatened by armed force, occupy the line of railroad. Pre\ent intention. Why, 1\fr. President, I ask, why guarantee the sov landing of any armed force with hostile intent, either Government or insur ereignty against foreign nations only when that was already guar gent, at any point within 50 miles of Panama." anteed by the Monroe doctrine to Colombia, as well as all other Why prevent their landing within 50 miles of Panama? If the South American republics, to the extent that no foreign nation President wished to protect the transit across the Isthums, as was should ever acquire any of their territory? his duty, why not prevent the landing of troops within 5 miles, Besides, preceding this clause of sovereignty, as I have read, or within 10 miles, or even 25 miles of Panama? Either of these there is a clause of neutrality which has always been held and distances would have been ample for that purpose. If Colombia construed to mean an obligation on the part of the United States could not land within 50 miles, she could not land her troops at for the presen·ation of the Isthmus against warlike acts of foreign all, and making that the distance amounted to an absolute pro nations. Mr. Seward, Lincoln's great Secretary of State, said: hibition against Colombia's landing her troops anywhere upon Neither the text nor the spirit of the stipulation in that article by which the Isthmus. Of course it was a bloodless revolution. Colombia the United Sta.too evgages to preserve the neutrality of the Isthmus of Pan- was tied hand and foot and could not move. She was helpless. ama impoaes an obligation on this Government to comply with the requisi- Whether intended or not, I am not here to say; but it had the tion of the President of the United States of Colombi.."l. for a force to protect the Isthmus of Panama from a body of insurgents of thn.t country. The pur- effect to stay Colombia's hands, and, weak as she is, she could ~ose of the stipulation was to guarantee the Isthmus against seizure or inva- not even make the attempt of asserting her rights or of regaining s10n by a foreign power only. and maintaining her sovereignty. Again, Secretary Seward m·ote to our minister at Bogota on . It is.. very true th~t the independence of. Pana~a has been recog- April30 1866 as follows· mzed by other nations; but no country, m my Judgment would ' ' · 1 have taken this step without the example and the consent of the The United States desire n<_>thing else, nothing better, a~d nothing more in United States. The Republic of Panama is indeed an assured regard to the State of Colombia. than the enJoyment on their part of complete f t· b t th' d t th 7\T. h ·zz d th th 1 and absolute sovereignty and independence. If those great interests shall ac ' u IS or er: o e .nas m e an .e o er war. vesse s ever be a'5Sa.iled by any power, at home or abroad, the United States will be was sent before her mdependence was recogmzed. Yes, srr; eyen ready. cooperating with the Government and their ally, to maintain and de- before there was a revolution. The order is dated on November fend them. 2, and the revolution did not occur until the night of November 3. Again, during }.fr. Cleveland's .Administration, Mr. Bayard, This in itself was clearly an act of war. It is very certain that his Secretary of State, slid: if such action were taken against a nation of equal dignity as ours it would mean war. On several occasions the Government of the United States, at the instance and always with the assent of Colombia, has, in times of c~vil ~nlt, sent The President in his message says, on page 6, that Secretary its n.rmed forces to the Isthmus of Panama. to preserve Amencan Citizens and Hay warned Colombia time and again that grave consequences property alan~ the transit from injuries whic~ the qt>vernment of Co!ombia would follow her rejection of the Hay-Herran treaty. Colombia mio-ht at the time be unable to _prevent. But m taking such steps this Gov erxfment has always recognized the sovereignty and superior right of Colom having the right to make the treaty, she certainly had the right bia in the premises. to reject it. I voted, }.lr. President, for the Hay-Herran treaty, and I, with everybody else, felt indignant that Colombia had re Then, Mr. President, the Monroe doctrine and the neutrality jected it in view of the reasonable terms proposed; but! deny that clause were sufficient to guarantee sovereignty as against foreign the fact that she did reject it is a justification of our subsequent nations as to transit across the Isthmus. There is then added in action. this treaty, in addition to the neutrality clause, the guaranty of I want to say here that the President is my President, and I the sovereignty of Colombia over the entire Isthmus. It means have for him the profoundest respect. When right I defend him; something more than that we would guarantee her sovereignty when m·ong, if wrong, I see no reason why he should not be as agai.Ii.st foreign nations, not that we would aid her in suppress criticised in a spirit of fairness. I do not subscribe to the doc ing rebellion, except at her request and for the purpose of pro trine, 'The king can do no m·ong:" ''the President, always right; tecting the transit across the Isthmus; but, in my judgment, it right or wrong, the President.'' Just criticism of public servants does mean and clearly means that this country will not intervene is always wholesome in a free republic. May the daynevercome to prevent Colombia herself from suppressing a rebellion or pre in this country, Mr. President, when our public servants can not vent her attempting to maintain or to regain her sovereignty over be criticised by anyone wishing to do so. The .Administration the Isthmus in case of secession. Guaranteeing sovereignty means was evidently very much irritated when the treaty was rejected, much more than simple acquiescence in sovereignty. To guaran and very justly so, but extreme strenuousness overcame better tee means ''to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be judgment. depended on." The Constitution guarantees to each State a re~ The President admits his irritation in his message when he says publican form of government. and guaranteeing a republican form (p. 6): of government means that the United States intends that each My intention was to consult the Congress as to whether under the circum State shall enjoy it if it requires the whole .Army and Navy of the stances it would not be proper to announce that the canal was to be dug forth country to accomplish it, if requested by the State. with; that we would give the terms we had offered and no others; and that Not only the right of sovereignty, 1\lr. President, but the right if such terms were not agreed to we would enter into an arrangement with Panama direct or take wl.l.at other steps were needful in order to begin the of property is guaranteed-the right of ownership that a sover enterprise. eign has or ought to have over the Isthmus; that is, supreme gov ernment control. On November 3, the day after the order was given to our war What is sovereignty, Mr. President? The law books tell us that ships to prevent the landing of troops within 50 miles of Panama, it is a comtination of all power, the power to do anything and the following telegrams were sent: D:EPA.RTIIEXT OF STATE, everything in a State without accountability, the right of ana Washington Novembe1· S, 1903. tion to govern itself independent of any foreign power, which in Uprising on Isthmus reported- Keep Department promptly and fully in cludes the right to suppress revolution and to prevent dismem formed. Looms. berment of its territory. Then, if this definition be correct, we Mr. Ehrman to Mr. Hay. ha\e solemnly and positively and efficaciously guaranteed to Co P A.NA.li.A, Norember S, 1903. lombia all governmental control over the Isthmus, with the right (Received 8.15 p. m.) to suppress her revolutions, secessions, and any attempts at dis No uprising yet. Reported will be in the night. Situation is critical. memberment of her territory, without fear of interference on the ETIR.YAY. part of this Government. On the night of November 3, with our war vessels in sight, a If France or any other power had stepped in to prevent Colom few men get together and secede, form a junta a pronunciamento bia from asserting her rights and suppressing rebellion, out duty is made, signed by three men; this Government is informed, and then would have been plain to stay the hand of such interference, on November 6th, within seventy-two hours, the new-born Re even without any such express obligation. public is recognized as a free and independent state. Never Colombia to-day, poor, weak, and helpless, a cripple and dis in the history of the world was ever such haste displayed in mantled, is prevented from as erting her sovereignty over the recognizing a new state under such circumstances-a state with Isthmus of Panama, was prevented from suppressing a rebellion, out arms, organization, or the ability to defend itself or maintain prevented from regaining her lost territory by this gre::tt and its independence. The President himself says: powerful country with whom she had entered into such friendly I have not denied, nor do I wish to denyt either the validity or the propri relation and solemn compact. No one, I take it, will deny that -ety of the general rule that a new state snonld not be recognized as inde but for the presence of our war vessels and our hasty recognition pendent till it has shown its ability to maintain its independence. of the new Republic the revolution would have been suppressed But he says also that this rule is subject to exceptions and a by Colombia in a few days. She is to-day forbidden to land her departure in the present case was justifiable. The rule he cites, troops for the purpose of asserting her control and regaining her Mr. President, is a good one; to make the exception is authorized .
1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1765 by no precedent that I have ever seen or heard of. We recognize upon him, he would proceed at once to the constn1ction of the a republic without a constitution, without laws, without a navy, canal by the Nicaragua route. He could only escape doing so by without an army, without anything but a junta composed of withdrawing his intermeddling hand from Panama, permitting three men-a newborn republic set up and recognized in the that State to adjust its troubles with the mother country, and spn.ce of three days. How different, Mr. President, was the action then negotiating a new treaty with Colombia. In either event it of Andrew Jackson when Texas had seceded. Texas had a gov would save the canal and the nation's honor. He knows but lit ernment and an army and was knocking for admission into the tle of the gentleman in the White House who supposes that he Union. Hear what Jackson says: would dare to face a Presidential campaign with a record of hav Prudence, therefore, seems to dictate that we sh
Many of us~ as Senators know, feltthatthisarticledidnot give us nexation of Cuba. This manifesto was fiercely denounced by the · sufficient power for the protection of the canal. We felt that we Republican party and was once described by the present tiecretary ought to have a right to land our forces there for its safety and of State as the sum of all villainies. It is at least a little sn·ange protection and to keep them there as long as we thought proper to find this gentleman now drawing his rnles of conduct from such without asking the consent of Colombia. How were we answered.? a source and acting in the very spirit of that once hated doctrine. The ::mswer was that this would be a grant of sovereignty which But C21'!s's language will bear no such meaninO' as that which Colombia, under her constitution, had no right to make. The the President would put upon it. Cass was speakmg of existing utmost we could possibly ask was a treaty right to act without the n;todes of transit with r~eet to which we had definite tTeaty consent of Colombia in case of a sudden emergency! but with the 11ghts. In a subsequent dispatch, he expressly referred to and in express stipnlation that our forces should be withdrawn as soon terpr~ted the 1:ery dispatch quoted in the Presidmt's me.<:sage, as the Colombian forces should arrive. In this h~ says: HNor do they (the United States) claim' to in This, I say, was the very utmost that we felt we had a right terfere w1th the local governments in the determination of the to ask, because it was the very utmost that Colombia had a questions connected with the opening of the routes;" and then right to grant. In this case, when Colombian forces did arrive he proceeds to set forth what we do claim, and that is in sub they were orde1·ed not to la!ld upon her own territory. How can stance, that we ~ill not :per-mit .these countries to want~nly vio Sen a tors who then claimed tha. t Article XXIII contained all that we late,th.e tt:e~ty nghts of tJle Umted States or the contract rights could rightfully ask, and all that Colombia could lawfully give, of therr Cltizens. There IS no comfort here for this new doctline now claim that we already possessed the treaty right to invade of "international eminent domain." Colombia with our armed foTces and deny to be1· the right to em But e-ven supposing tha.t Cass meant to assert the rio-ht of this ploy her troo:ps n-rron her own soil to protect her own sovereignty? Government to force its way by military power acros~ the terri These provisions of Article XXIII were not intended to surrender tory of another country, he did not mean that the President him any rights which this Government already possessed nor were they self could commit such an act of war without authority from intended to enlarge the rights and powers of Colombia. If any <;~:mgress. P;r€sident ~uchanan h~d ?ccasion again and again to thing that article would ha\e given us lru·ger powers than we had mscuss questions Telating to tr8JlS1.t nghts across both Nicaragua under the treaty of 1846. It was, at most, a recognition of the and Panama. We ha-d a treaty with Nicaragua which gave us overeign rights which Colombia already possessed by the mere larger powers in the matter of protecting the transit than any fact or her sovereignty and under existing treaties with the that can b3 found in the Panama treaty of 1846. In his second United States. annual message :f.Ir. Buchanan said that " the executive govern Mr. President, this Administration has itself authoritatively in ment of this country * .,. .;:· can not legitimately resort to terpreted the treaty of 1846 in a dispatch sent by Secretary Hay force without the direct authority of Congress;" and that it has to Consul Ehrman after the recognition of the new state of 'no authority to enter the territory of Nicaragua even to pre Panama. I have once before read this dispatch, but I will read vent destruction of the transit ar:d protect the lives and property it again: of our own citizens on their- pasmgc.'' When you are satisfied that e. de facto government, republican. in form He could not enter the territory of that country with an armed and without substantial oppo3ition fxom its own people, has bee::1 established force without its consent or approval, because to do so would in the state of Pana..ma., you will enter into relations with it as the responsi have been an_ act of war. He appealed again and again to Con ble government of the te!'ritory and wo~to it for-aU due action, to p1·otect the persons and p1·operty of citizens of tlte United State1J and to keep open the gress to give him authority by law to protect the transit across isthmian transit in accordance ttith the obligations of exiding treaties gcn;ern· both the Panama and Nicaragua routes, claiming that Congress ing the 1·elation of th"0 united States to that territory. had a right ' to confer authority to rnake tear in order to meet In other words,. Panama inherited the rights and obligations of fut-ure cases under circnmstances strictly specified.'' '' To make Colombia unde1:' the treaty of 1846, and under that treaty was war." President Buchanan recognized ~1.tin asking Congress to herself required to defend the freedom of the transit. Pana.ma gi\e him authority to send the forces of the United States into could not inherit from Colombia any treaty right or obligation Colombia or Nicaragua, even to protect the transit,. he was asking which Colombia her elf did not possess. If there was likely to be for the right" to make war." a local disturbance which might interfere with the freedom of the Congress took the same view. It not only held that the Presi transit, did not Colombia have a right to bring her troops there dent had no rightto exercise such a power, but that Congress itself tmder the very terms of the treaty of 1846 as we oursehes have could not grant the power, for the reason " that Cong1·e by int.erpreted it, as this Administration itself has interpreted it? conferring it would violate the Constitutio~ that it would be a What marvelous, but what convenient, changes in the intei·pre transfer of the war-making, or, strictly speaking, the war-declar tation of the very plain language of this treaty! ing. power to the Executive." This is the language in which First, we say to Colombia "The ~p1ivilege and obligation' of P1"esident Bu-chanan himself states the objections of CongTess to defending the transit belongs to you, and you must pay us heavy giving him the authority he asked. Thus the very authority to damages for failing to do it." which the President appeals condemns his acts as unwarranted Next we say, '' The privilege and the obligation of defending the by any law or any treaty, and as a violation of the Constitution transit belongs to us. and you shall not land a single soldier on the of the United States. Isthmus, even though your own sovereignty over your own terri Thus, Mr. President, it appears beyond a shadow of a doubt tory is at stake." - from the an:thm'itative interpretations made by om: own Govern Then, when by this act we have setup an independBnt gO-vern ment, that Colombia possessed not only the general right of every. ment we say to this new government, · You have inherited all sovereign_ to quell domestic disorder, but that her ''privilege and the rights and duties of Colombia under the treaty of 1846, and obligation."~ tv employ her forces U1JOn the very line of the transit by that treaty the 'privUege and obligation' of defending the for its defense and protection is expressly recognized in e:xisting traru;it belongs to you." According to old-fashioned notions, treaties. The President in defending himself against the charge both these interpretations can not be right; but I suppose it is of violating the Comtitu.tion appe->Js ta the treaty of 1846. The answer enough to say that by thSc first interpretation we got only errect of this defense is to call attention to the fact that in money, by the next we got land, and by going back again to the nolating the Constitution he has aJso- violated the treaty. :fi.._-..gt we ha.Ye prepared the way to get more money and more land. I have charged that the President violated. the very statnte It will take but few such "interpretations" to wipe the proud which he was professing to execute. and imperious Republic of Panama from the map of the world. The act known as the Spooner IH.w charged the President with If there shall be as there will be, trouble in Panama, we have the duty oi negotiating a treaty with Colombia for a canal across our election between these- two inte11>retations according as it Panama. and in the event of failnre to do so within a reasonable may suit the mood o1· the interest of the moment. We may say time- to arrange for the- construction of a canal by the Nicaragua to Panama, ''It is your du:ty to prevent a disturbance of the peace route. If he f&iled to negotiate a treaty with Colombia and then 1 refused to proceed upon the alternative of the statute, he violated and you must pay us dama~es for not doing it. ' Or we may say, 'You have no right to fight on your o1rnterritory or to use your that law. It would be no excuse to say that he obtained an oppor troops for suppressing a rebellion." • Then we may quietly go in ttmity to secure the canal through Panama, if that opportunity with the insurgents and annei the country. I say that we· have was itself obtained by unlawful means. No man can found a our choice to do either of these things, and if we ha-ve four more right upon his own wrong. He can not by violating one law dis years of this strenuous Administration we shall probably do both. charge himself from the obligation to obey another. I ought not to forget that the President quotes from President The Pre..'4.d~ent claims that becaus3 he had -a chance to make a Buchanan and his Secretary of State, lli. Cass, some expressions tre::>.ty with the revolted province of Panama he was not bound which he t~.kEs to be an assertion of this country's rjght to seize to go to the Nicaragua route. It seems to me that there are orne by force and yiolence the te-rritm-y of othe:< countl'ies for the con serious difficultie in the way of this argument. The Pre3ident struction of a canal. It might be a p?oper retort to suggest that in h:is message professes to give" a statement of my action up tc the President is appealing for support to the author of the Ostend this time in executing" the Spooner 1'lw. The Spooner law had Manifesto which declared in favor of the forcihle seizure and an- no. mora to do: with the then unborn and unbegotten State of 1904 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 1769
Panama than it had with the moon. The President may argue the ports and all the territory of Colombia. Panama was only a that Congress was just as willing for him to make anangements very small part of Colombia, and can not discharge the obliga ~ with this new State of his own creation as with the one expressly tions of the fourth, fifth, and sixth articles of that treaty, and named in the statute; but that is a conclusion of his own mind therefore can not claim the corresponding rights for which these and not a conclusion of law. articles were expressly named as an important part of the con The President may, indeed, recognize and negotiate a treaty sideration. We did not bargain to guarantee sovereignty over with this new country, which was never in the contemplation of the isthmus to any government that might be in control of it, Congress, but he does not do it in the execution of the law. That but only to the government that could execute the terms and law and every dollar of appropriation contained in it dies with obligations of this treaty, and especially the particular provisions the ratification of this treaty. He has "executed" the law indeed, named as the consideration of that guarantee. but it is in the hangman's sense of the word. Panama can not fulfill the obligation of the fourth, fifth, and There is another fatal fallacy in the argument that by recogniz sixth articles of the treaty, and she therefore can not claim the ing the State of Panama and making a treaty with its Government corresponding obligation of protecting her sovereignty over the the President has absolved himself from any obligations to regard Isthmus. She can not claim that obligation unless she can fully section 4 of the Spooner act. That fallacy relates to the principle discharge the corresponding obligation. I have before stated that no man can found a right upon his own As this Government had no treaty obligation to interfere be wrong. tween Colombia and Panama, it had no right to interfere. Even How did the President get to Panama and avoid going toNica though by the President's act of recogni.tion he had given Panama ragua? He admits that he made a '' departure·" from a great a nominal and legal, though not an actual, status of Btatehood, principle of law in order to get to Panama, and he bases this de that did not give this Government any right to interfere between parture upon the ground of necessity-it was the only way to carry it and the parent government any more than it had a right to out the will of Congress and secure the canal. But as I have be interfere as between any other two independent nations. fore shown it was absolutely necessary to expunge and 6bliterate But, Mr. President, there is another fault in Secretary Hay's ar section 4 of the Spooner .Act before any such necessity could be gument-he assumes that the President of the United States is the assumed to exist. So long as that provision remained in the law Government. In the passage which I have quoted he is answer there was no necessity to justify such ''departure." The President ing General Reyes's protest against the President's action in resist had to treat that provision as a dead letter in the law and to walk ing Colombia's efforts to recover her sovereignty over the Isth over its dead body in order to get to Panama. He disregards this mus. Secretary Hay's letter was a defense of the President's ac provision of the law in order to get there, and then excuses him tion. Let us suppose that this Government is bound by treaty to self for disregarding it by the fact that he is there. make war in behalf of the sovereignty of Panama. Who can ex He claims that he has placed himself in a pcsition where he is ercise that right? To declare war, or to begin war, is the exclu no longer required to execute a mandate of the statute, but he sive right of Congress under the Constitution. Can the President only reached that position by violating a fundamental principle "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" abrogate of international law, by violating the Constitution, by violating that provision of the Constitution? the stipulations of a solemn treaty, and by kicking out of his way Can you, by treaty, transfer the war making or the war declar the very law in question. ing power from Congress to the President? Could the President But, Mr. President, the Secretary of• State has made quite an enter into an offensive and defensive alliance with England ingenious plea in behalf of the President's course in this matter. against Russia and by virtue of such a treaty plunge this country In his correspondence with General Reyes, Mr. Hay says: into a foreign war without the consent of Congress? I do not believe it. In the time of President Buchanan it was held that In recognizing the independence of the Republic of Panama. the United both Houses of Congress; with the approval of the President, States necessarily assumed toward that Republic the obli~Pltions of the treaty of 1846. Intended, as the treaty was, to assure the protection of the sovereign could not authorize him to commit acts of war upon the happen~ oftheisthm.us, whether the government of that sovereign ruled fi·om Bogota, ing of a futm·e contingency. or from Panama, the Republic of Panama as the successor in sovereignty of No matter what may be the terms of any treaty which the Colombia, became entitled to the right.s and subject to the obligations of the treaty. Prt:sident and Senate may make, he can not commit an act of war against either the g1·eatest or the smallest nation without the con~ In other words, by the treaty of 1846 we were bound to guar sent of Congress. antee Colombia's sovereignty over the Isthmus as against any But, Mr. President, the obligation to execute section 4 of the foreign country; but the President, by the mere act of arbitrary Spooner Act was upon the President long before there was any recognition, having made Panama independent and Colombia a insurrection in Panama. In his eagerness to defend himself from foreign country with respect ·to it, we are now bound, on the prin suspicion of complicity in that business he tells us that he had ciple of a" covenant running with the land," to guarantee the prepared a message to Congress at a time when no such insurrec S)vereignty of Panama as againEt Colombia. tion was anticipated, and in that message he officially recognized The Administration can oveiTide constitutional, statute, treaty, the hopelessness of any treaty with Colombia, and yet refused to and international law with its "mandates of civilization," but proceed upon the alternative of the statute. IndMd, he tells us how extremely nice and technical it can be when occasion requires! in his message that he had long anticipated Colombia's rejection Whenwe guaranteed the sovereignty of Colombia over the Isthmus of the treaty and had planned his course of action with reference I wonder if it entered into the mind of any statesman, in either to that event, utterly ignoring that provision in the law. country, to conceive that the President of this country might I am compelled in dealing with the official information sent to '' recognize" a dozen political desperadoes, in a single town, as an us to speak only of such parts as we are allowed publicly to dis independent government of a revolted province; might then for cuss. Other important documents we can only speak of in execu bid Colombia to assert her sovereignty over it, and base his action tive session because it is "incompatible with the public interests" upon the very clan e of the treaty by which we bound ourselves to discuss them otherwise; by which is meant that their publica to uphold and defend that sovereignty! I make no pretensions as tion will be "incompatible" with the interests of this .A.dminis- · a lawyer, but I do claim to have a plain man's understanding of tration and "incompatible" with the statement of facts by which the obligations of a contTact. it hls attempted to justify its course. I will simply say, and that I know that I can not enter into a contract with A under which is all I can say, that before there was any insurrection in Panama for a certain consideration I agt·ee to perform certain services, the hope of securing a treaty with Colombia had been abandoned, and then discharge the obligations of that contract by performing the expiration of "a reasonable time" had been officially recoO' the services forB while receiving the consideration from .A.. The nized, and yet the Administration deliterately refused to execute Secretary of State says that the treaty was intended only ''to the law. assure the protection of the sovereign of the Isthmus," no matter Such is the record as it stands upon the law and upon the fa{)ts who that sovereign might be. This is one of the numerous pro officially known; but there are other facts which give a deeper visions of that treaty which this administration has written be blackness to this tran..Q3.ction. By the treaty of 1846 this Govern tween the lines with the point of a bayonet. Our obligation was ment was bound to guarantee Colombia's sovereignty over the to defend the sovereignty of Colombia over the isthmus and Isthmus. I will admit that this has no reference to domestic was based upon certain considerations plainly named in the treaty. broils; but on the other hand the pledge is not confined to atta~ks Some of these concerned the transit, but othe1·s did not. Among by nations. The junior Senator from Wisconsin (1\Ir. QuARLES] other things, the consideration of our guarantee was" as a special in his very able speech correctly said that we were bound by it to compensation for the favors acquired by the fourth, fifth, and resist '' forEign aggression.'' sixth articles of this treaty." The senior Senator from Wisconsin correctly said that this would The fourth. fifth. and sixth articles of the treaty had nothing include a mere filibustering expedition by private persons. even whatever to do with the ti·ansit and no particular relation what though no government or sovereign power were joined in the at ever to the territory of Panama. They gave certain rights and tack. Any scheme or conspiracy, originating in a foreign country, pri. vile3es to American merchants and American vessels in all and especially in Em·opean countries, to seize upon the territory of 1770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRU.ABY 9,
Colombia would be such an attack as we were bound under the and integrity of this Government, continues to be persona gTata treaty of 1846 to resi t. There may have been several independ- with this Administration. ent movements, which finally coalesced, against Colombia, but It is vain to heap denunciations upon American Senators for there is strong reason to believe that the insurrection was promoted calling attention to facts and asking for explanations so long as by a French corporation and a syndicate of French stock gamblers; this base intriguer and defamer of the Government's honor is re that it was supported by their money and their intrigues. ceived as a diplomat and a gentleman in the city of Washington. By our ~treaty with Colombia, to say nothing of the Monroe The President declares that his Administl:ation had no complicity doctrine, we were bound to resist such foreign aggression. In- in the Panama insurrection. Bunan-Varilla assumed the right stead of that, the Navy of the United States was joined wita to declare the plans and pn:¥poses of the Administration, and he French money and French intrigue to promote the interests of a represented it as playing the leading part in that conspiracy. I am French corporation by disrupting an American republic, and the ready to take the President's word, but to do so I must believe chief of these foreign conspirators, a citizen of France, an agent that Bunan-Varilla is one of the basest slanderers that ever lived of this French corporation, receives the office of highest dignity or died. I am quite willing to believe that, but I want to know and greatest influence in the government of a Eo-called American why he is still permitted to hold a diplomatic position here and Republic which he helped to create for the purposes of his cor- why when he calls at the White Honse the President of the United poration. States is" delighted" to see him. Bunan-Varilla, now minister from the State of Panama, but a Mr. President, there are some facts which, for the time being, citizen of France, was one of the earliest and most active sup- may be more or less obscm·ed by party passion, but which will porters of this conspiracy against the integrity of Colombia. not read well in history. One of these facts is that the treaty This much we know. This man was connected with the old Pan- which we have under consideration was not made between the ama Canal Company, and the official records of his own country, United States and the Government of Panama, but between the including the report of the minister of justice, show that he was United States and the French Panama Canal Company. The one of the worst of the crew whose thieving operations bankrupted regularly appointed treaty commissioners from the Government that concern, brought the gray hairs of De Lesseps in shame and of Panama were on their way and within an hour's ride of the sorrow to the grave, and covered the French Government itself city of Washington when Mr. Hay and Bunan-Varilla hastily with odium and disgrace. I shall not cumber the record with concluded and signed that treaty. While Bunau-Varilla was act quotations from official French 1·ecord.s, but they are as I have ing as minister of the new Government of Panama, as a reward said. for his alleged influence with this Administration, his sole object These extracts have already been published in the newspapers, was to serve the interests of his French corporation. and their authenticity, so far as I know, is undenied. ·I presume Mr. Hay seemed anxious that no citizen or resident of Panama that no man here will deny their authenticity. This man is also should have any lot or part in framing that treaty, and so he and connected with the new company, a penniless concern, organized the agent of a French corporation, between them, proceeded to simply to sell the wreckage and debris of the old company to the fix it up without any regard whatever for the people or the Gov United ·states for as many millions as it could get and, incident- ernment of Panama. When the treaty went back, the junta, ally, to gamble in its own stocks. This company was to get which represented the only thing in the way of a government in $40,000,000 by the ratification of the treaty with Colombia, and the new State, were in a most distressing plight. not a dollar if that treaty should fail. As the time fixed by law If they declined to ratify the treaty, the President and Bnnau for the ratification of the. treaty began to approach, with every Varilla, whom they considered all-powerful with the Administra prospect of its being defeated, the stocks of this company rapidly tion at Washington, might withdraw their support from the new declined. Then it was that Bunau-Varilla left France and came Government, and as a result, the Government of Colombia would to the United States. · have quietly resumed its sovereignty over the Isthmus and would He at once entered into relations with certain disaffected per- have hanged every man of them within forty-eight hours. To sons in Panama to bring about an insun-ection in that province. save their necks they ratified the treaty-the t1:eaty between the The charge is made in a reputable newspaper that Bunan-Varilla Administration and the French Panama.Canal Company. Some agreed to furnish money, and did furnish money, through his amendments to that treaty, as we know, were intended by the stock jobbing French syndicate to promote this insunection by Administration here, but they have been abandoned, because it the bribery of Colombian officers and soldiers. The very amounts is not thought desirable that the newly constituted Government of money sent by him to the conspirators in Panama are given, of Panama should have it under consideration. The treaty is not the very dates on which it was sent and received, and the names very satisfactory to the people of Panama; but it was never in of the banking firms and corporations through which it was paid. tended to be satisfactory to anybody except the Administration And this is not all nor the worst. Bunan-Varilla engaged with and the French Panama Canal Company, between whom its terms the e conspirators to bring the Government M the United States were arranged. to the support of their conspiracy. This statement is not based :Mr. President, this Senate will ratify that treaty and the Presi
npon rumors nor the anonymous reports of a yellow newspaper. dent will no doubt rejoice in his triumph over justice, honor 2 and It is based upon the admissions of the conspirators themselves and the law. But I do not know the temper of the American people upon the authority of a gentleman of the highest character and if the sober second thought, of which the Senator from Wiscon standing, l\Ir. Merrill A. Teague, a staff correspondent of leading sin spoke the other day, does notcondemn his action from first to Republican newspapers. His statements have been published last. When that time comes the fruits of his victory will turn broadcast, in the very organs of this Administration, and no man to ashes upon his lips. The people of the United States will come has denied them. to sea, if they do not now, that a nation's strength is in its honor A committee of this Senate can have the witnesses before it and and that only righteousness exalteth a nation, while sin is a re it can have the very originals of the telegraphic communications proach to any people. History will contrast the action of Presi in which Bunau-Varilla assm·ed his confederates in Panama that dent Roosevelt in this matter with that of his illustrious prede they could proceed with their insurrection in perfect confidence cessor. that he would redeem his promise to have the war ships of the Mr. President, a few days ago, upon an occasion that will be United States on hand to support them. ever fragrant in my memory, at the home of my distinguished Mr. President, I am willing to treat it as simply an unfortunate friend the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. DRYDEN], I had the coincidence that every statement made by Bunan-V arilla as to pleasure of listening to a very strong and lucid speech on the Pan the future action of this Government, the movements of its war ama Canal by the Senator fl'om Indiana [Mr. FAIRBANKSl. I vessels and the part which they would play in an insurrectionary heard him tell of the laboxions efforts made by President Mckin movement if one should occur was verified by the event, that ley to remove the obstacle of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty with every promise made by this French adventurer in behalf of the Great Britain. That treaty for fifty years had barred the path United States was fulfilled to the very letter. way of commerce and civilization across the Isthmus. Leading But there are some facts which I can not ignore. I can not Republican statesmen, like Secretaries Blaine, Frelinghuysen, ignore the fact that this man is still an acceptable representative and others, had declared that that treaty was obsolete, and that of a foreign country to this Administration. We know how Great Britain herself had violated it again and again. quickly De Lome was compelled to get out of this country for an Yet the Senator from Indiana told us of how long and patiently insulting reference to President McKinley. We know how the President McKinley had labored to secure the peaceful abroga British ambassador was sent packing by :Mr. Cleveland for tion of that treaty, in order that no suspicion of dishonor might merely expressing a private opinion as to the merits of a Presi- attach to the construction of the canal. Let me say, 1\Ir. Presi dential contest. This man Bunau-Varilla holds his position here dent, we shall get small honor for our punctiliousness in dealing as a reward for his own claim that he had seduced this Adminis- with a mighty power when it is so swiftly followed by an act of tration into a foul and secret conspiracy against a Government brutal aggression, of violation of international law and treaty with which it was then conducting friendly negotiations. I have rights in dealing with a puny nation. Great Britain for fifty a 1·ight to ask why it is that this characterless adventurer, whose years barred the pathway across the entire Isthmus with a dead representations, if false, are the foulest slander upon the honor I and violated treaty-a treaty she herself had violated and de- 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1771 stroyed. Colombia acted strictly within her rights when she APPENDIX. rejected our treaty and left us free to construct a canal as we [Baltimore American, December 10, 1900.] ourselves had provided in our own law. IN PANAMA, THE NEW REPUBLic-.A.MERIOAN'S STAFF CORRESPONDENT ON Who will believe us if we say that we endured British insolence THE ISTHMUS-MR. TEAGUE'S FffiST LETTER-BEGINNING OF .A GR.APHIO STORY OF THE REVOLUTION TH.AT BROUGHT .ABOUT SECESSION FROM CO from a keen sense of national honor, where the canal itself was LOliBI.A .AND G.AVE THE UNITED ST.ATYS THE RIGHT TO BUILD .A CA.N.A.L at stake, and trampled upon the plain rights of Columbia from a .ACROSS THE ISTHMU8-MONEY W.AS THE MOTIVE OF THE REVOLUTION sense of justice where only the arbitrary will of one man was ISTS, .AND THEIR FAITH IN THIS GOVER1'.~IENT MADE THEM CONFIDENT concerned? When history comes to judge of our action in this OF SUCCESS-ALL W.ANT THE CA.NAL BUILT. matter it will not discriminate between McKinley and Roosevelt, [By Merrill A. Teague, staff correspondent of the American.] but judge us as a nation. - P .AN A.M.A., R. P., December 7. The Republic of Panama stands to-day with one foot upon the wreck of We a:re frequently told, Mr. President, that the act has been Colombian maladministration, oppression, and perfidy, and the other upon done, that it can not be undone, and that it is vain to protest the ruins of French efforts to cut a commercial waterway through the nar against it. We have beard this argument before. I believe there row isthmian strii>_,_ while both of its arms are extended m hope and suppli- cation toward the United States. · are not now half a dozen Senators on either side of the Chamber In this strange and strained attitude the Republic is not more to be envied who do not in their hearts regret that this country took upon than it is to be pitied. Born of a revolution effected without bloodshed, it itself our Philippine possessions, which haye cost so many hun faces prospects more roseate than were ever before held out to any other na tion within twenty-three days of its birth. In fact few governments, even dred million dollars, and which are not and never will be worth among those whose maturity is of the ages, are more fortunately situated one single cent to the United States. I believe there are few if than is this, the baby among nations. Straight ahead of Panama, with reali any Eenators here who do not agree with the opinion once ex zation of them all guaranteed by the protectorate which the United States has assumed, lies the certainty of a plethoric treasury, freedom from debt, pressed by the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. SPOO:NER] that our nominaL taxes, absolute security in independence, a prevailing peace and the Philippine possessions would prove a source of military weakness unlimited enrichment of her citizens through the early and inevitable devel and danger to the United States; that they would be of no com opment of the countr-y's natural resources. These are advantages very few mercial advantage, but a vast burden upon the industrial resources nations have ever enJoyed, but over against them must be placed the cata l~~ue of disadvantages and deterrents-a. cata.logue~which excites the keenest of the country. plty. Yet we were told that the act had been done and that it could Panama is to-day a land of indecision, hesitation, and chaos. In all the not be undone. And so vie continued to squander money by Republic's domain, comprising an area about equal to that of the State of Inaian.a, there is not one man, native Panamai'l.n~ who has ever demonstrated the hU1ldred millions and to destroy human lives by the hundred the posssssion of abilities of that order requirea of one who would success thousand and to make the land a desert of death and famine. We fully lead a people to the accomplishment of a great purpose. Of able busi are met now with the same argument, which seems to me most ness men, astute politicians, adventurers, and schemers m general there are more than any country requires; but of statesmen, diplomats, and other real singularly contradictory in its very terms. We must do this leaders there are practically none at all. The very men who brought the thing because it has been already done. Republic into existence-and we are syeak:ing now of the native or quasi Such an argument in its consequences can not be confined to any native element among them-are nov1ces in everything pertaining to the science of government. These men are now in charge of the Government, particular case. It means that every violation of the Constitution, and, while there is no snspicion of their integrity or of the sincerity of their the law, and the nation's honor that may be perpetrated in the purpose, they are woefully lacking in ability to do the work they have un futu.re must be permitted to stand simply because it has been dertaken in the way it should be done according to the situation which con fronts them. The result is that upon every hand the inquiring visitor done. encounters ignorance, doubt, and uncertainty where there should be, if the I believe that the greatest thing that could be done for the na independent movement is to be carried to its full fruition, intelligence, de tional honor, for the rights of the people, and for lawful govern termination, and fixed ability. Careful investigation shows that there is more or less reason for this con ment would be to defeat the whole of this nefarious business and dition,, which ~nil? first in the pity.-exci ti~~ catalogue. This new Republic compel the President to respect and obey the law. came mto bemg w1thout any defirute politiCal purpose. It was conceived . There are people who say that while the President's act was solely of a determination to have the can11.l connecting the Atlantic and the Pac;_fic constructed across the lsthmns, and at no other place. Had Colombia unlawful the means were justified by the end. I trust that no ratified the Hay-Herran treaty the revolution of the 3d of November would Christian Protestant who asserts this doctrine of doing evil that never have taken place. That is frooly admitted by everybody in any way good may come will ever refer to it hereafter as " Jesuitical." concerned in bringing about the independence of Panama. The inevitable conclusion is that the Panamaians were not sufficiently displeased with Co What were the means, and what was the end? The means were lombian sovereignty and administration to have revolted because of any a violation of international, constitutional, statute, and treaty law, desire for real independence. That, too, is conceded by the leaders in the joining with French adventurers to disrupt an American repub revolutionary movement. It is true that a strong indictment is drawn by these men against Colombia for her sins of omission and commission; but lic, and sowing the seeds of fear and hatred among all the coun that indictment is more of an afterthought, framed for purposes of political tries to the south of us. justification, than it is a statement of independence-provoking grievances. These were the means. What was the end? Not to secure a MONEY W.AS THEm MOTIVE. canal, but to secure a particular route favored by the Republican The motive underlying the creation of the Republic was, consequently, party and by the President for reasons of their own; to secure a more selfish than patriotic; more sordid than sentimental. The people of route most favored by the continental railToads and least advan Panama, knowing better than do any other people the enormous value to them of a ship canal across the Isthmus, played for that advantage instead tageous to the people, and to put $4:0,000,000 into the hands of a of for any real improvement in the condition of their Government. The criminal French corporation, and I know not how many million riches they will realize from the construction and operation of the canal were dollars into the campaign fund of the Republican party. more weighty considerations with them than was thought of political lib ert-y; and fortunately for their purpose they found the United States ready Mr. President, I have not argued this question from a partisan to JOin hands with them. The effect of bringing a Republic into existence point of view. In so far as I have considered the relations of the under such circumstances is daily becoming more and more apparent. The Democratic party to this question, it has been only with a desire instiga.tors of the movement for indel?endence, having no such thing as Pan amaian patriotism to appeal to, were forced, in order to carry out then· proj that it should maintain its historic position as the party of con ect, to wield an influence as sordid as were their own motives. These men, stitutional government. It is necessary to the country, it is nec who figure now as the responsible heads of the republican government, will essary to the Democratic party, that it do so. Those who despise very frankly admit that they proceeded with the scheme for independence not by addressing themselves to the desire of the Isthmians to be free from law and righteousness in government are too well satisfied with Colombia, but by secretly corrupting those who were in position to hinder the Republican party to leave it for a party which can never fi·ee execution of their purpose. itself entirely from the restraints of conservative traditions and So freely are admissions of this nature made that last evening one of the members of the governing junta, frankly and without hesitation, and in re which, in spite of itself, must still_keep some remnants of a turn for the simple asking, gave to your correspondent a list of the men who political conscience. were bribed to support the revolutionary movement, and the amount paid to A party which has the auc1acity of its wickedness will always each one. These bribes are termed bonuses here, and the payment of them is freely talked about in the streets a:n~ hotels; nor does any Pal!illDaian seem prevail over a party which has not even the courage of its con to thmk that the men who sold thror influence for stated sums m Colombian victions. The Democratic party can not succeed-it can not even cun-ency have in an-y manner compromised themselves. To such an extent live-by imitating the vices of its adversary. It has no future, it was the plan of winnmg by corruption carried out that every dollar of public money in the former Department of Panamawa.sattached bvtherevolution has no hope, except as the unfailing champion of those great ists, and has since been paid out to those men who accepted bonuses from the principles that gave it life. instigators of the movement for independence. Nor was this sum sufficient So long as men love truth and justice and the doctrines upon to in ~ ure the success of the plan. It was used as far as it would go, and when it was exhausted the revolutionists resorted to promises, which have since which our forefathers founded this Republic there will be a been redeemed by the payment of sums taken from the loan of $300,000 made necessity for a party through which they can speak and act; and about the middle of the month to the new Republic by J.P. Morgan 8;, Co., if love of righteousness and respect for law are to perish, God for of New York. bid that the Democratic party should survive! FAITH IN THE UNITED STATES. I ask permission to print as an appendix to my remarks some The promoters of the revolution are, therefore, compelled by experience to distrust a large proportion of those men upon whom they are now forced letters of :Mr. Merrill A. Teague, to which I referred in the course to r ely. They know that the army and the police force was purchased to of my speech. support the revolution, and, knowing that these factors are susceptible to The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Tennessee corruption, they do not know to-day whether the military and police officials asks that certain letters to which he referred in his speech may are true or untrue to the Republic. The Panamaian naval establishment stands in exactly the same pos1tion as does the army and the police force, and be printed as an appendix. Is there objection? The Chair hears since it. is upon these agencies that the new Government must depend in none, and that order is made. greater or less degree for its security, there is fear and suspicion discover- 1772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. F EBRUARY 9,
able upon every hand. The weakness of the present Government, its lack of ~y other peoJ?le wonld, n.nde.r such cU:cnmstances, bring themselves very purpose and indecision, are, therefore, excusable in a measure. q'!llckly to the ~nJoyment of an ~eterm1nate season of prosperity and dig The real revolutionists know that they have to deal with a good-sized com ruty. Cuba,,mth fe~er sub~tantial advanta~es thaJ?-Panama enjoys, is doing pany of Colombian Benedict Arnolds, and they deal cautiously and suspi th~t very thing, while here ill ~a:r;tama ~ere IS nothing more inspiring or ad~ ciously. All they hope for is that they can keep things going as they now mrrable than an alleged repnb1Ic ill which the leaders have no more p3tl'iotic are until after the canal treaty is signed by the members of the junta. That sentiment than a wish to avoi~ responsibility and a hope that the United act of ratification accom:plished, the re>olutionists will have little interest States m~y d? for ptem that which other people, from the beginning of time, left in the Republic; and JUSt here there enters into this consideration an ele have gloried m domg for themselves-secll'e and preserve their political in ment which must, P.erforce, be little understood in the States. That element dependence. is the bland and childlike faith of the re>olntionists in the Government of the great American Republic. It matters not wha.t statements may be made at Washington or what [Baltimore American, December 21, 1003.] stories may be current in the States, all Panama believes that the revolution ME~ WHO MADE .A NEW REPUBLIC-TRUE STORY OF THE REVOLUTIO~ OY was made possible by Washington':!! foreknowledge of what was proposed THE ISTHMUS-RAILROAD HAD .A H.AND IN IT-IT W .AS ~LOODLE.3 , DUT and an expressed determination by the Government at Washington to give NOYE THE LESS EFFECTIVE-NOT .A CHILD Oi' PATRIOTISM, BlJT OF moral and physical support to the revolutionists. There is reason for this GREED-P.ARTS" PLAYED BY DOCTOR .AM.A.DOR~ SE..."ORS ARANGO, A:sD belief, for it was not actually decided to attempt the coup which resulted in TOMAS .A.RI.AS, THE THRBE INSTIGATORS OF THE REVOLT-.AliADOR'S the creation of the Republic until advlces were received from the States to TRIP TO THE UN1TED STATES A._'q}) IDS VISIT TO WASHINGTON-VARIL the effect that if it should be attempted the United States would back it up. LA'S PART IN THE SUCCESSFUL GA.ME-THE MAKER OF THE FIB.ST FL.AG. These advices were not official, so far as the Adm±nistration was concerned, [By Merrill A . Teague, staff correspondent of the American.] but they were of such a character1 as will be shown in subsequent letters, as to convince the revolu.tionist.s tha.ti nil they had to do was to take the initia P .A.Y.A.M.A, R. P., December 10. 1!103. tive a.nd then rel"f upon the United States to insure the success of the proj As has already be,en stated in thiscon.·espondence, the Republic of Panama ect. This they did., and their earlier ronfidence in the support to be afforded owes its existence to nothing which bears any resemblance to Panamai..
[Baltimore American, December 28, 1003.] DO?-."E BY A MWITCIPAL COID
What I particularly call attention to in that statement of this so upon the same doctrine and upon the same ground that we were repre entative of New Granada is that- justified, or that we justified ourselves and were justi.fi.P.d by the The undersigned does not mean to insinuate that the United States should entire civilized world, in extending aid to Cuba. For more than interfere in the political contest which is carried on in New Granada. half a century the people of Panama had been struggling for their Later on, however, another minister of New Granada applied independence; struggling just as desperately as was Cuba strug to Mr. Seward and asked him to send troops to the Isthmus of gling for hers; struggling against a tyranny and oppression that Panama to suppress the revolutionists. Mr. Seward, answering was just as cruel as that under which Cuba struggled and against that application, under date of May 9, 1865, said: which she fought. But the Government of the United States has Mr. Seward to Mr. Burton. at no time extended them aid. No. 13!.] DEP.ARTMENT OF ST.ATE, · For years the people of Panama had themselves been divided Washington, November 9, 1865. to a. great extent but finally, in this last revolution, they were en Sm: The question which has recently arisen under the thirty-fifth article tirely united, and being united, they formed their present Gov of the treaty with New Granada, as to the obl.iga.tion of this Government to comply with a requisition of the President of the United States of Colom ernment. bia. for a force to protect the Isthmus of Panama from invasion by a body of What was the. duty of the President under those circumstances insurgents of that country has been submitted to the consideration of the but to extend to them the recognition that is due to an independ Attorney-General. His opinion is that neither the text nor the spirit of the stipulation in that article, by which the United States engages to preserve ent state when it has the support of all the people throughout the the neutrality of the Isthmus of Panama, imposes an obligation on this Gov country over which it pretends to exercise authority? It is clearly ernment to comply with a requisition like that.referred to. The purpose of his duty to recognize existing conditions. That is what the Pres the stipulation was to guarantee the Isthmus against seizure or invasion by a foreign power only. It could not have been contemplated that we were to ident did, and that is all he did. become a party to any civil war in that country by defending the Isthmus I do not know, and I do not pretend to say, whether or not the against another party. people of Panama are made of that character of material, that Mr. President, the two extracts which I have read show that sort of fiber, which, given more healthy environment and purer such was the view of both Governments at that time. If that be atmosphere in which to live and thrive, will develop a higher true, then it must have been contemplated that if by force of a regard for public and private virtue in the future than they have revolution by the people of Panama an independent government manifested in the past. should be established on the Isthmus the United States would in I say I do not knowwhatthetruthisin that regard; but if such the nature and in the reason of things extend recognition to that be the case, then surely it is a most fortunate thing for them and new government. I say that this must have been contemplated for every person who shall have anything to do with them that by the parties who entered into the treaty. Just exactly that they have severed absolutely and finally their relations with the thing came to pass. In the course of time a revolution did occur. Republic of Colombia, for I have no confidence that any good can But I might say that that was not.anything new on the Isthmus. come out of the people of Colombia. It is a nation composed Mr. FAIRBANKS. That was a normal condition. largely of highwaymen and bandits, if we may judge them by· Mr. ·FULTON. That was a normal condition, as the Senator their history. Having a certain enthusiasm for the name of from Indiana suggests. Indeed from the time of the entering liberty, they have no conception of what constitutes liberty, ·or into and the execution of this treaty the history of the people of what the attributes of liberty are. As I have said, their whole Panama, and, indeed, of the entire Republic of Colombia, is but history is a history of revolution, a history of wrongs and outrages a chronicle of one revolution following quickly on the heels of perpetrated by the dominant party on the minority. another. Finally, however, a. revolution occurred down there Nor is it true that the people of Colombia in this turbulent spirit which was joined in by practically all of the people. Without that they have shown throughout their history are simply evi dissent, so far as I have been able to discover, on the part of any dencing the unrest of a primitive people struggling up through particular portion of the people of Panama, a. government was the darkness of ignorance and savagery to the light of civilization. established and the revolution was complete. · · If that were true, we would have some patience with them and I will admit, Mr. President, that if there had been any large some confidence that ultimately they might arrive at a state of proportion of the inhabitants of Panama. in opposition to that equilibrium. But it is not true. The real truth is, and their Government, and if there had been any serious contention there whole history demonstrates it that this unrest and turbulence as to whether or not the Government had been established, or as which has characterized them throughout all the years they have to whether or not the people resident there bad given their alle had a so-called government is but the native diabolism of a race giance to that Government, then there might be ground upon of instinctive buccaneers. which to criticise the action of the President in recognizing the Their territory was one of the first sections of the Western independence of that people. But when the people of Panama Hemisphere occupied by a European people. True, it was for with. one voice rose up and indorsed that Government, gave their some centuries under the baneful and corrupting influence of a. allegiance to it, I ask on what authority and by what right could Spanish colonial government, but for over eighty years it has the President refuse to recognize them as a free and independent been an independent state. Yet its history during that period is state? Some say: "Oh. well, there was not any need of being in but a history of revolutions, of cruel and devastating civil wars, a hurry about it; why should we have acted so hastily?" Let me in which no principle higher than the right of the ins to plunder say, in answer to this. that in the first place it is the duty of the the outs seems ever to have been at stake. President, under the Constitution, to determine when and under As indicative of the character of the people and their govern what circumstances he will exercise his constitutional prerogative. ment at the present time, I wish to read only one of a vast num But I undertake to say, in view of all the history and of all our ber of like instances reported by our minister at Bogota. in 1902 relations with the people of Colombia and the Government of the before any question had arisen about this treaty: Republic of Colombia, no one can fairly criticise the President if I wish to cite a case that recently came under my personal observation: he was in somewhat of a hurry-I do not say that he was-but I s~y On the 3d instant Mr. Albert B. Dod, a. citizen of the United States, was in Bogota on some business, intending to leave early the following morning. that he would have been justified in being in something of a·hurry His two riding mules, with saddles, bridles, saddlebags, waterproofs, etc., to change the conditions down there and enter into relations with he left at the sta. ble of a foreigner named Turner. Mr. Dod took noon break fast with me at my residence, after which he went to look after the animals, the new Government. and there found that his saddles bridles etc., had been taken by a Govern- . During all the time that we have sustained relations with the ment official, who had left a receipt1 for the property, fixing its value in the people constituting the Government of the Republic of Colombia receipt at 1,000 pesos. It was impossible to trace the property that day so there has been constant turmoil, strife, and revolution, which has that Mr. Dod was therefore compelled to go to a. saddler and buy another outfit, which, although substantially no better than the one taken, cost him been a constant source of annoyance and irritation to the Govern a bout 5,000 pesos. ment of the United States. Aside from the inconvenience and vexation of such a. seizure, Mr. Dod is Senators, I think, will almost universally, and probably unani certain to be a large fina.ncia.lloS{ll', for the Government insists upon its right · to arbitrarily fix the value of expropriated property. Even with the good mously, indorse the proposition that when the Government of offices of this legation, I do not believe that he can get more than 1,000 pesos the United States lent its aid to the people of Cuba, secured for for his property, and even. that only after months of perseverance and wait them their independence, and drove Spain away from the shores ing. I am quite of the opinion that such a claim shoUld go through the dip lomatic channel. of the Western Hemisphere, it did right. That, I think, will be There are dozens of stores in Bogota. selling saddles and hundreds of sad pretty generally conceded. dles for sale at a. fair price. Therefore whence comes the urgent, immediate1 Why did we do right? Why were we authorized and justified and pressing emergency that would justify the forcible eXJ;Jropriation or Mr. Dod's property? Certainly under the system of arbitrarily firing the in taking that step? We are told that we were justified in tak value of such pro_perty it is much cheaper to get it in this way, and the day ing that step because of the fad that the government of Cuba, of payment is indefirutely postponed; but I can not believe it consistent with as conducted under Spanish rule, was a continuous source of dis the guaranties of public treaties nor the law of nations. tn:rbunce, annoyance, and irritation to our people, and that, as a And he continues commenting on the case. I do not care to matter of self-protection, this Government was justified in taking read it further. I simply read it to show the character of the the step that she did take in regard to Cuba. government that was conducted by Colombia. I submit that a I say, then, for a. greater reason we would have been justified government that has no higher regard for the rights of the inqi in going down there and ass1sting the State of Panama in securing vidual and for the obligations that are imposed by common hon ita independence; we would have been perfectly justified in doing esty is not a government out of which any good can come; it is
• 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1779 not a government that it becomes the United States of America but I can not but think, nor can I refrain from expressing the to encourage. thought, how pleasing to him it would have been if, when sur Now, what was the treatment by the Colombian Government rounded by all these perplexing questions, when weighed down by of the people of Panama? I do not intend to take the time to read the tem'ble sense of responsibility that these questions imposed, it, but I wish to call the attention of the Senate to an article that some of these beautiful sayings and kind expresrtons in his behalf I have taken from the Morning Oregonian, under date of Decem might then have been uttered. ber 8, 1903, written by a special corre.3pondent from the Isthmus Mr. President, I sat here the other day and listened to a great of Panama. speech by a great Senator on the other side of the Chamber, a gentle This correspondent goes on to detail the treatment that was man to whom I always listen with interest and usually with profit, meted out to the people of Panama by the Government of Colom but on that day he gave utterance to a sentiment that I could bia. Taxation was .the only purpose for which the people of wish he had failed to utter. I would not refer to it were it not Panama were used. The only purpose for which they were em for the fact that I have heard the same statement made here and ployed was to pay the expenses of the Government ~t Bogota. elsewhere a number of times. In referring to the present Presi The Panama Railroad, by the terms of the agreement under dent and the probability of his nomination to the Presidency this which it was constructed, was supposed to pay $250,000 a year, year he spoke of him as the man whom everybody is for and and did pay that amount. Twenty-five thousand dollars of that whom nobody wants. Does the Senator mean to tell ns that all money was required under the agreement to go to the treasurer sincerity has gone out of the land and departed from the people? of Panama; yet not one dollar of that money ever found its way What means this universal voice that is going up from the Re into the treasury of the State of Panama; every dollar of it was publican hosts all over the land? Do they not mean what they taken to Bogota. Taxes were collected, yet not one dollar of say, and do they not say what they mean? them was paid into the treasury of Panama or expended for its The other day away out on the shores of the Pacific sea in the benefit; and when taxes were not sufficient, when the amount re State of Oregon the legislature was called in extraordinary ses quired by the Government at Bogota could not be raised by the sion, and the very first day they met, as if actuated by one com ordinary methods of taxation, they had another method of get mon impulse, the Republican members of both houses met in ting money. I call attention to that. joint assembly and unanimously adopted a resolution indorsing In the article in the Morning Oregonian to which I have re the Administration of Theodore Roosevelt and demanding that ferred the correspondent says: he be nominated to lead the Republican party in 1904. Do you Some twenty-five or thirty prominent conservatives of Panama gathered at suppose that those men did not mean what they said or that they GQvernor Alban's residence one mornmg in answer to an invitation to break did not say what they meant? fast with the governor. The other day there waa in this city an assembly of the leading Then the correspondent goes on to say that after they had been editors of representative Republican newspapers of the United invHed there, and after they had assembled there, they were noti States-strong men, independent men, the men who do more than fied that the grounds were surrounded by soldiers, that the Gov all others toward molding and making public sentiment in this ernment was in need of something like $100,000, and they were country. They resolved in favor of Theodore Roosevelt for Presi required to raise it, and they did raise it because of the grounds dent the next time. Did they not mean what they said? Did being surrounded. That argument was unanswerable. I shaJl they not say what they meant? What is meant by this statement not take the time to read a description of all of the abuses that that everybody is for him and nobody wants him when men of that are set forth in this article, but I a.sk permission to attach the ar character and Qrganizations of that character tell the world that he ticle as an appendix to my remarks. is their choice for the Presidency? The PRESIDENT pro tempore. In the absence of objection, it Let me tell yon, sir, if ·you have any doubt about whom the is so ordered. people are for or who their choice is, go down and ask the labor Mr. FULTON. Mr. President, I do not think the President of ing men of this or any other city. Go ask the hewers of wood the United States requires any defense at my hands because of the and the drawers of water whom they are in favor of, and they will position he has assumed in our relations with the Republics of tell yon, and the name they will give you is Roosevelt. Go down Panama and Colombia. He certainly does not require any defense in the anthracite coal regions and ask the men who labor there from me, and if he were wanting a defender he would not call whom they favor. They will tell yon, and the name they will upon me. Yet, as I have said before, I -haveno apologies to offer give you is Roosevelt. Go down among the dwellers in the tene for any position he has taken or for any attitude he has assumed ement houses of the great cities of this country and ask them in our relations with those Republics. they who were threatened only a few short months ago with in- · Many severe criticisms have been passed on the President during describable suffering because of a shortage in the fuel supply. the course of this discussion. We heard a very severe castigation Ask them who it was that came to their relief, who had the administered to him to-day by the very able and eloquent Senator courage to bring the contending forces together, and to see that who preceded me it) the discussion [Mr. C.A.RMACK]; but, Mr. Presi justice waB dealt out to both sides and the country was saved the dent, whatever may be the political future of the present occupant cruelty and suffering that would have been upon it but for that of the White House, whether he shall be called again by the action. Ask them who did it, and ask them whom they are for people of this nation to preside as their Chief Executive, he will and whom they want to see elected to the presidency. They will go down into history as one of the greatest, one of the purest, and tell you, and the name will be Roosevelt. And if you are still in one of the most patriotic men that has ever occupied the high doubt, wait until the evening of the 8th day of November next, office of President of the United States. He will have many great until there are counted the ballots that will rain into ballot boxes achievements to his credit; but, in my judgment, the one upon all day long with the name of Roosevelt electors on them, and which his fame--his enduring fame-will rest more than upon all when that result has been announced your doubt will vanish as others will be the high, patriotic:duty he performed and the serv the mist before the rising sun, because there is going to be the ice he rendered this nation in assuring to it and to the civilized greatest majority, in my judgment, given to Theodore Roosevelt world the construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. in November, 1904, that was ever givenanymanin all the history Mr. President; during this discussion a number of Senators on of this country. the other side, and I do not know but most of them, have spoken in kindly, even eulogistic, words of the lamented McKinley. I APPENDIX. listened to those words of kindness spoken of him with the great [From the Morning Oregonian, Saturday, December 19, 1003.] est interest and pleasure, because they were spoken of one whom I BORE lU.NY ILLS-PAN.AMA WAS EVER BLED BY COLOMBIA-NO ONE WA..S have ever honored, reverenced, and loved. But I could not help SPARED-CANAL STRAW BROKE THE CA.MEL'S BA.OK-SEOESSION WELL remembering that it had not always been so. Roosevelt is the PLANNED-LIBERALS RULED WITH HIGH HAND THEY WERE USED Ttl AN ARMY RAISED BY FORCE-ADROIT WAY IN WHICH GENERAL ALBAN tyrant, the Napoleon of to-day, but it was only a few short LED UP TO THE c:r..mAX AT A BANQUET TE...~ERED HIS POLITICAL OP months ago when McKinley was denounced in one breath as a PO~"'T8-FEATlJRES Oli' THE SECESSION. weak, willing, and pliant tool of designing men, and in another The rejection of the Hay-Herran canal treaty was the straw that broke breath as a wicked tyrant, who was engaged in the business of the camel's back. Ninety-nine out of every one hundred approve all that has been done oppressing a weak, an unfortunate, and a defenseless people. toward establishing independence. But, sir, all those things have passed away. McKinley has The motto o! Colombia was to take everything from and give nothing to gone to his last account; the smoke and dust of partisan strife Panama. In his last dilezn.m.a., General Alban, leader of the Liberals, extorted money have cleared away, and through a clearer atmosphere and with a from the Conservatives. clearer vision it is seen that McKinley, instead of having been a The Panamaian army was largely made by force. tyrant, was a great, noble, heroic soul, and that the people, whom Recruiting parties, without compassion, drafted every male above 10 years it was charged he was oppressing, are to-day, under the policies of age into the service. No excnses availed to secure their release. They inaugurated by him, enjoying a higher prosperity and greater were either shackled or their hands bo1md behind their backs. tranquillity, public and private, than they ever painted or pictured [Letter No. 2, by Merrill A. Teague, staff con·espondent of the Oregonian.] for themselves in their wildest dreams. PA.N.AMA, R. P., December B. Before proceeding to a more detailed elucidation of the ~enesis a.nd natlll'6 I do not speak of this in any spirit of unkindness, Mr. President, of the Republic of Panama, with which the United States lS destined to have 1780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. FEBRUARY 9, relations of the most intimat.e character, it may be well to explain in detail to be trifled with, and when at tt e cnd of th) h( ur be : eturned, the "volun the excuses under which the Republlc justifies its creation. tary subscription" ha1 been consuu mate 1. The onl r v~• · · ,1 1 for tills ~;ys Like all Latin-American republics, the ltistory of Panama is the history of tem of raising money to defray theexvellSes of the revolution is round in the strife and turbulence. The people, while fairly well educated, are dominated schemes resorted to for procuring soldiers to fight with the Government by the spirit of '' ma.iiana." They are at the same time lo,., -plincipled holding forces. These soldiers were never known by any other name than "volun in slight regard any and all obligations of fealty, thinking more oftneir1 per teers," but they were the most remarkable "volunteers" the world has ever sonal divertisement, which assumes the form of cock and bull fighting, gam known. All schemes of conscription were discounted by Alban' methods bling fiestas, and sports of more or less questionable mo!·ality, than they do for increasing the strength of his army. His recruiting p!l.rties would go of their material welfare or mental ad>ancement. This applies, of course, into the bush, away from the Liberal forces, an:i without compa ion d1-aft to the majority. the services of e':"ery able-bodied male above 10 ye:~.rs of age with whom they In the minority is the better class, men of wealth and substance, of sound came in contact. ideas and strict integrity, who li;e well, regard their homes, and are in every TheEe men, whether negroes or Colombians, whether Liberals or Conserv way corr.m 3ndable. It is npon this latter class that the brunt of every mm·e ati;es, whether they knew what the revolution was about or not, would be ment must fall. If the Government is a~sailed and a revolution is to be sup taken into custody by the re:::ruiting parties. whlch were always tl·usted and pressed, they are the ones who are called upon to pay the expenses. If they well-paid supporters of the Government. No excuses availed to secure their themselves, for the sak::l of their oountry's advancement, plan a revolution, release. They were either shackled or had their hands bound behind their they can only make headway in t heir project by resort to corruption and backs, and tlJ,en shackled with ropes about their ankles, and were driven like bribery, which demand that they make heavy personal sacrifices for the sake cattle into the Government camps. These men were the "volunteers" of of that which will benefit all cla5ses. the Colombian army on the Isthmus, and it is :J.Xiomatic hera that no man ever volunteered from the Isthmus for service in the army unner Alban ex OWES ITS EXISTE...'iCE TO THEM. cept he appeared in camp with his arms tied behind hisba.ck andaropaabout It is to this latter cillss that the Republic of Panama owes its existence. hie; ankles. There are in existence to this Ga.y notes Wiitten by recruiting The majority. which pays no taxes, lives in squalor almost indescribable, and officers to camp commanders wltich run like this: subsists in the me..1.nest manner imaginable and virtually without labor, <-ares ·• I am sending you a squad of fresh volunteers. Please return the ropes at not one whit about independence. That majority has never been made to once, as I may be able to send you another squad of volunteers to-morrow or feel, in an:y way calculated to excite its resentment, the rigor of Colombian the day after." maladministration and perfidy, and to it the creation of the Republic ap pe.'11ed more as does a holiday than as anything of a serious business and politi MEN OF WEALTH HELPLESS. cal chp.racter. Such outrages as these "volunteer subscriptions" and the procuring of For five years and up to about one year ago the Isthmus was the scene of "volunteers" for the army were not isolated. Thoy were common occur revolutionary strife. 'rherearo two parties on the Isthmus, or were until the rences of the times. The men of wealth whowered.rained of their resources Republic was formed. These were the Liberalsand the Conser;ati>es, or, in by the subscription scheme remonstrated, but were helpless. ThoEe who the political parlance of the States, the "outs" and the "ins." The Liberals, were drafted into the army by the r oped "volunteer" process wore in the prior to the creation of the Republic, bad a practical monopoly on culture, same plight. I asked one of those who stands upon the r ec01·dsas having vol r efinement, intelligence, and wealth. The Conservatives were in control of unteered during the revolution why he did not desert. His answer told the the sources and agencies of the government. of this ~apartment and. were whole story of the Isthmus: "Where would I ha>e deserted to~" Here he sustained by the Government at Bogota, while the Liberals fought m ces was and here he had to remain, and when he was dr:tfted into th.e army P.S a santly to overthrow the Conservatives and free themselves from the yoke of "volunteer" there was nothing for him to do exc~pt accept the inevitable, oppression which had been placed about their necks. for Panama, save for a few miles either side of the railroad, is an impeneh·a During this revolution, which only terminated when the United States ble wilderness, and the deserter from the army had no haven of rafuge. consul-general., H. 0. Gudger, negotiated a treaty of peace about one year ago, MONOPOLIES OF MANY Klm>S. after the naval battle of Panama .Bay, in which the Colomb an gunboat Lau Besides these two proceS£es for filling.the treasm·y and strengthening the ten·e was suuk and Governor Carlos Alban killed, the Government exhau ted army Colombia was prolific of schemes for raising revenue. By a. decree is its ingen u i.ty in devising schemes for raising money and volunteers. The whole sued at Bogota the sale of salt was created into a go>ernment monopoly. story of t.lh'l.t revolution will never be known, for down here revolutiollil are Every merchant in the entire domain was forbidden by law to deal in this nothing more than political campaigns, elect10ns being held according to the commodity, which was vended by agents of the Government and exchanged law of the bullet and bayonet instead of by the ballot. For the better part for exorbitant prices. The Department of Panama was compelled to divert of the five years during which this revolution ra(7ed the writ of baheascorpus her revenues from the ordinary uses and turn them over to the Federal Gov and all other processes for the legal and judiciafprotection of life and prop ernment by which they were used to pay the soldiers. The Government erty were suspended, either by decrees issued by the Government at Bogota monopolized the s01.le of matches, just as it did of salt, and in a land where or by decree of the governor of the Department of Panama. the smoking of cigarette!:: is universal among those of either sex and of all HOW ALBAN RAISED THE MONEY. ag the revenues derived from this source were not inconsiderable. The Government was almo3t, if not entirely, bankrupt, and in order to In a similar manner a monopoly was created on the sale of cigars, ciga. raise money levied freely upon the people. These levies were made through rettes, and tobacco, one firm in this city having been granted the exclusive the departmental administration, for Bogota was helpless, the only money rights for the entire Department to deal in these articles in return for the known there being a worthless paper currency, w bile the only money known payment of $100,000 silver annually into the treasury at Bogota. Ice, too, was or accepted in this Department was, and still is, Colombian silver. The a monopoly. the right to manufacture and sell that luxury of the Tropics be methods adopted for levying upon the people for money to defray the ex ing let at a handsome figure to a concessionaire, who used his opportunity to penses incident to suppressing the revolution were most heinous in character such good advantage that, pdor to the establishment of the Republic, the and tyrannical in operation. Outside of Panama it is generally understood normal price paid in Panama for ice was 12t cents Colombian silver a pound, that this money was raised by "voluntary subscription.'.' Here where all the equivalent to 5i cents American currency. facts are known the term" volunta1·y su"~?scription" ~ SYII;lbolic~l with out ONE OF THE WORST OUTRAGES. rage, polite plunder, and other repreheDSlble means, m which nught figures One of the worst outrages, however, was that perpetrated in regard to tho as a olitary virtue. slaughtering of beef. Under a decree issued at Bogota, a monopoly for the One incident, the most notable among the many that are generally known slaughtering of beef was created and let out to a concessionaire. By the terms and definitely authenticated, will serve to illustl-ate the grotesque nature of of this decree it was unlawful even for the owner of a steer to kill the these "voluntary subscription" schemes. The revolution havmg been pro animal and dress it for private consumption. He had to send word to the tracted for vears, and the Liberals having been so thoroughly drained of concessionaire, who dispatched an agent to superintend the killing, collect a money that their resources were almost entirely exhausted. Governor Alban fee, and take possession of the hide. Every hide became at the moment of reached a point where it was necessary for him to raise immediately a large the killing, the property of the Colombian Government, and they were care sum of money. fully collected, shipped to New York, and sold for the account of the Federal Up to that time the whole expense of the revolution, on both sides, had treasury. been borne by the Liberals, who were its instigators and promoters, and The Government at Bogota realized, also, $87,000 Colombian silver annually who, by the "voluntary subscription" process, had been compelled to defray in return for the gambling concession, which was openly sold to a firm known the expenses of su:ppressin~ that movement for which they were themselves as Pratt & Seymour. By this concession the firm named is given the exclu responsible. In his last dilemma, however, Governor Alban had resort to sive right for the entire Department to maintain and operate gambling de the resources of the Conservatives, the hour having arrived when they could vices. In return for this concession the firm has been paying Bogota $57,000 no longer escape extortion. The incident can best be related in the words of annually for the Pacific side of the Isthmusand $00.000annuallyfortheCadb a ConservatiTe who was one of the sufferers. bean side, where its operations are rest.ricted to the city of Colon. In addi LED UP IN ADROIT WAY TO CLIMAX. tion to the various forms of gambling conducted by this firm1 it leases to "Some twenty-five or thirty prominent Conservatives of Panama gathered saloons and other proprietors of establishments the right to mamta.in poker at Governor Alban's residence one morning in answer to an invitation to games, roulette wheels, crap tc1.bles, etc. breakfast with the governor," said this former Conservative in relating the OTHER FORMS Ol!' EXTORTION. incident to your correspondent. "Breakfast was ~rved !n an elabora.te The assertion is made upon authority and fully substantiated that the fashion. The conversation was general, the revolution bemg merely dlS Government at Bo~ota let slip no opportunity to secure possession of the cussed in a desultory way until coffee and cigarettes were served. At .t~at money in the isthmian coffers, whether it was public or private in character. point Governor Alban entered upon an elaborate statement of the condition There are families in Panama that can show proof of the fact that within on the Isthmus. He detailed the progress of the revolution, praised us one the J.ast five years they have paid to the Colombian Government, under one and all for the stanch manner in which we had supported the Government, form of extortion and another, not less than $100,000, while every man of and finally admitted he was exceedingly hard pressed for money, declaring vested means has been compelled by some process to surrender a portion of after an elaborate explanation that he was compelled to raise a very large his wealth. sum of money immediately. Entering then upon a circumstantial account In addition to this scheme of mulcting individuals and creating monopo of how he had drained the Liberals until they could no longer assist the Gov lies in the commodities of life, the Bogota Government borrowed virtually ernment, he led up in an adroit way to the climax, which was reached when every cent of the revenues of the Department of Panama, amounting to he drew a paper from his pocket and remarked: about $500,CXXl (silver) a year. To insure the success of these projects for re '''Now, senores, I must have this mone1:, and I am compelled, much to my lieving the Federal Government of the expense of suppressing the revolution regret, to ask you to assist me in raising 1t. I have here a subscription list, on the Isthmus, Bogotn. has ~~intained a consistent attitude in permitting which recites that the amounts you will put down opposite your names are none save foreigners to administer the Government on the Isthmus. given voluntarily. To show that I have no desire to act unfairly, I. have Senor Jose Domingo de Obald a, who was governor of the deJ?al'tment at headed this list with my own subscription for $50,CXX>,and 1 trust you~ not the time of the recent revolution, was the first native Panama1an to be in-' let me outdo you in tendering the Government generous support. InCiden trusted with that office for many yeara, all of his predecessors, save those tally, I may say that you are all under arrest. The house is surrounded by who served under ad interim appointments, being dispatched to Panama soldiers. None of you can escape.' from remote parts of theColombmn Republic. This process insm·edagainst "And smiling suavely and bowing gi'aCefully, the governor moved toward any leniency m the enforcement of the decrees issued at Bogota, for the gov the exit, saying as he withdrew: ernors of the department have with one accord been in touch with the fed "'With your permission, I will retire for one hour. At t~e end of th&:t eral government, as was Alban, and ready to go to any extrame to satisfy its time I shall return, a.nd dm'ing my absence I .trust th~t. you w11l arrange t~ desires. voluntary subscription among yourselves Wlth a spmt of such generosity REXTAL OF THE RAILROAD. that my unperative demands can all be satisfied without annoyance.'" There is, too, another phase of the past history of Panama which is not AN ARMY MADE BY FORCE. without int-erest in view of recent events. Since 1857, the year in which it The sequel to the story is involved in no mystery. The company of Con was completed, the Panama Rail! o::td has been pa)Cing $250,000 (gold) into the servatives was helpless. They raged and fumed; but Alban was not a man Colombian treasury annually. Under the stipulations of the railroad conccs-
•. 1904. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE~ 1781
sion S225,CXXI (gold) was to have been paid the Federal Government and $25,000 desire to have the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive (gold) was to have been cove!'ed into the departmental treasury at Panama. COlombia. has, however, taken the whole rental for the concession. This business for the purpose of considering the treaty. amount in gold is equivalent to about $600,000 in Colombian silver, which ch· Mr. FAIRBANKS. I realize that it is important to get the cula tes only in the Department of Panama, and to a bout SS,OOO,OOO annually in treaty out of the way, and when I gave my notice yesterday I the depreciated paper currency, which is the only money known in other por tions of the Colombian Republic. was not aware that the Senator would ask to have an executive The monopolization of this sum, toaether with the sale of concessions and session this afternoon. I will withhold my motion for the time the trading monopolies formerly held by the Boo-ota Government, means that being, with the understanding, however, that it will be renewed the Federal Government has been taking $1,CXXI,&il (silver) annually for many years :past. This amount, taken out of a counb·y in which the entire stock of at the earliest opportunity hereafter. silver IS to-day estimated at not more than 1,500,000, or about $5 per capita, EXECUTIVE SESSION. has imposed upon Panama a burden difficult to bea!· · BROKE THE CAMEL'S BACK. Mr. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera While practicing this extortion, Colombia has been most neglectful of the tion of executive business. interests of Panama. In all the ye:1rs the Bogota Government has been milk The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con ing the Department of Panama not one dollar of the federal revenue has been sideration of executive business. After one hour and forty-five spant in the De])Ilrtment for pn blic improvements. There is not in existence in the whole of Panama to-day a. single bridge, street, plaza, public building, minutes spent in executive session the doors were reopened, and or other structure of public utility or comfort the expense of which was (at 4 o'clock and 40 minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned until to borne by the Colombian Government. In a word, the motto at Bogota was morrow, Wednesday, February 10, 1904, at 12 o'clock meridian. to take everything from and give nothing to Panama. To cap the climax Colombia rejected the Hay-Herran treaty, under which Panama hoped to see the canal constructed. That was the straw which broke the camel's back. Panama was willing to stand all her other ills, but NOMINATIONS. when themulcting processes of the Bogota Government were caiTied to the ex treme of rejecting that treaty, the revolution flashed out to instant success, Executive nominations received by the Senate February 9, 190/j. and all that has been done toward establishing Panama independence is to MARSHAL. day a;I?proved by 99 out of every 100 people on the Isthmus. Reliable advices from the seven provmces in the new Republic show that George K. Pritchard, of North Carolina, to be United States there ic; no disposition to contest the incumbent Government, the population marshal for the central district of Indian Territory, vice Benja almost unanimously realizing that by the coup for independence the con struction of the canal is assured and freedom from the maladministration min F. Hackett, removed. and oppression which Bogota. ha.s imposed upon th~ Department for years is SURVEYORS OF CUSTOMS. made certain. William Vincent, of illinois, to be surveyor of customs for the CONSIDERATION OF PENSION AND MILITARY RECORD BILLS. port of Galena, in the State of illinois. (Reappointment.) Mr. McCUMBER. At this time I should like to ask unani- John :M. Lenihan, of Iowa, to be surveyor of customs for the mous consent that to-morrow at 4 o'clock the Senate take up for port of Dubuque, in the State of Iowa. (Reappointment.) consideration unobjected pension bills on the Calendar. I will PROMOTIONS IN THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. ·say to. the Senator from illinois [Mr. CULLOM] that if that ar- P. A. Surg. James c. Perry, of North Carolina; to be a surgeon rangement is made, I shall see that it does not interfere with an in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United executive session, and I qope he will give us that time. States. Mr. GALLINGER. I hope the Senator from North Dakota p. A. Surg. Charles P. Wertenbaker, of Virginia, to be a surgeon will include in his request for unanimous consent, bills correcting in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United militarv records. Mr. McCUMBER. I will include those, too. States. Mr. CULLOM. If the Senator from North Dakota will add PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. that if any Senator is then speaking in opensession upon thegen- Assistant Naval Constructors Henry Williams and Henry T. eral subject of our Panama relations he will not press his request, Wright t0 be assistant naval constructors in the Navy, with the I shall not object. · rank of lieutenant, from the 1st day of January, 1904. Mr. McCUMBER. I will not press it, of course, until the ad- Lieut. Robert B. Higgins to be lieutenant-commander in the. dress is finished. · Navy from the 11th day of October, 1903, vice Lieut. Commander The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North Da- James P. S. Lawrence, promoted. kota asks unanimous consent that at 4o'clock to-morrow consider- Lieut. (Junior Grade) William D. Leahy to be a lieutenant in the ation may be given to unobjected pension cases and bills to remove Navy from the 31st day of December, 1903, vice Lieut. Charles W .. charges of desertion reported from the Military Affairs Commit- Dyson, promoted. tee, the execution of the order not to interfere, however, with any The following-named lieutenants (junior gt·ade) to be lieuten Senator who may then be addressing the Senate. Is there objec- ants in the Navy from the 1st day of January, 1904, to fill vacan tion? The Chair hears none, and the order is made. cies created in that grade by an act of Congress approved March 3, 1903: BUILDING FOR DEPARTMENT OF STA.TE, ETC. Irwin F. Landis. Mr. FAIRBANKS and Mr. CULLOM addressed the Chair. Wilbur G. Briggs. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Indiana. Fletcher L. Sheffield. Mr. FAIRBANKS. May I interrupt the Senator from illinois? Henry C. Dinger. Mr. CULLOM. The Senator from Indiana is recognized. The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants (junior grade} Mr. FAIRBANKS. Mr. President, yesterday I gave notice to in the Navy from the 28th day of January, 1904, upon the com- the Senate that at the conclusion to-day of the add1·esses upon the pletion of three years' service in their present grade: subject of Panama I would move that the Senate take up Calen- Lloyd S. Shapley. · dar No. 170. I trust that will be agreeable to the Senator from Adolphus E. Watson. lllinois. Chauncey Shackford. :Mr. TELLER. What is the bill? Charles B. Hatch. l1r. CULLOM. I rose for the purpose of moving that the Sen- Zachariah H. Madison. ate proceed to the consideration of executive business, the purpose N.A. v A.L OFFICER OF CUSTOMS. being to take up the treaty this afternoon. If the bill which the Thomas N. Jamieson, of illinois, to be naval officer of customs Senator from Indiana proposes to call up will not take any con- in the district of Chicago, in the State of illinois. (New office.) siderable time, I am willing to yield. Will the Senator from In- POSTMASTERS. diana state the nature of the bill? Mr. TELLER. I wish the Senator fmm Indiana would tell us COLORADo. what the bill is. I have been desirous of having the Senate go Robert E. Hanna to be postmaster at New Windsor, in the to the Calendar. county of Weld and State of Colorado. Office became Presiden- Mr. FAIRBANKS. It is a bill appointing a commission to ac- tial January 1, 1904. quire a site for the construction of a building for the accommoda- ILLINors. tion of the State Department, the Department of Justice, and the Isaac W. Parkinson to be postmaster at Stockton, in the county Department of Commerce and Labor. of Jo Daviess and State of Illinois, in place of Isaac W. Parkin- Mr. TELLER. That bill will create a good deal of discussion. son. Incumbent's commission expired January 29, 1904. There will ba quite decided opposition to the bill in the form in MAINE. which it is drawn. Isaac Dyer to be postmaster at Skowhegan, in the county of Mr. FAIR BANKS. That is quite possible, and the discussion Somerset and State of Maine, in pl:;we of Isaac Dyer. Incum- might as well begin now as later, it seems to me. bent's commission expires February 24, 1904. Mr. TELLER. Not if the Senator from illinois wants to call MI:8 -EsoTA. up the treaty. Jesse A. Maxwell to be postmaster at Fulda, in the county of Mr. CULLOM. I hope the Senator from Indiana will not press Murray and State of Minnesota. in place of Jesse A. Maxwell. his request this afternoon. There are some special reasons why I Incumbent's commission e.xpir2d February 5, 1904. 1782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 9,
NEW YORK. MINNESOTA. Charles 0. Sprague to be postmaster at Prince Bay, in the Simon J. McKenzie to be postmaster at Adrian, in the eounty county of Richmond and State of New York. Office became of Nobles and State of Minnesota. Presidential January 1, 1904. mssoURr. NORTH cARoLINA. George B. Wade to be postmaster at Jasper, in the county of William H. Holt to be postmaster at Graham, in the county of Jasper and State of Missouri. Alamance and State of North Carolina, in place of William H. NEW MEXIco. Holt. Incumbent's commission expired February 5, 1904. Edward Quinn to be postmaster at Gallup, in the county of Me- NORTH DAKOTA. Kinley and Territory of New Mexico. Edmund K. Cavileer to be postmaster at Pembina, in the PEm;•BYLv.A.N:U. county of Pembina and State of North Dakota, in place of Ed- Robert H. Sloan to be postmaster at Clairton, in the county of mnnd K. Cavileer. Incumbent's commission expires February Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania. 19, 1904. - , TEN!mSSEE. Emil 0. Ellison to be postmaster at La Moure, in the county of Leander W. Dutro to be postma5Wr at Memphis, in the county La Moure and State of North Dakota, in place of Emil 0. Ellison. of Shelby and State of Tennessee. Incumbent's commission expires February 24, 1904. Edmund D. Hughes to be postmaster at Mountpleasant, in the Arthur H. Johnson to be postmaster at Drayton, in the county county of Manry and State of Tennessee. of Pembina and State of North Dakota, in place of Arthur H. Johnson. Incumbent's commission expires February 19, 1904. TEXAS. w.ABHINGTON. Clinton J. Farrell to be postmaster at Vernon, in the county of Hugh Eldridge to be postmaster at Bellingham, late Whatcom, Wilbarger and State of Texas. in the county of Whatcom and State of Washington, in place of w A.SHINGTON. Hugh Eldridge. To change name of office. Grant C. Angle to be postmaster at Shelton, in the county of Mason and State of Washington. William R. Baker to be postmaster at Colville, in the county of CONFIRMATIONS. Stevens and State of Washington. Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate February 9, 1904. Judson J. Merrima.n to be postmaster at Lind, in the county of Adams and State of Washington. SURVEYOR OF CUSTOMS. James W. O'Connell to be postmaster at Republic, in the county Frederick A. Knntzsch, of New York, to be surveyor of cnstonu; of Ferry and State of Washington. for the port of Syracuse, in the State of New York. John F. Spangle to be postmaster at Cheney, in the county of APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE. Spokane and State of Washington. · George Vetter to be postmaster at Sunnyside, in the county of Fred W. Edwards, of Pennsylvania, to be appraiser of mer Yakima and State of Washington. . chandise in the district of Pittsburg, in the State of Pennsylvania. PROMOTION IN THE MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE. P. A. Surg. Henry D. Geddings, of Alabama, to be a surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. . States, to rank as such from November 23, 1903. TUESDAY, February 9, 190.1;.. PROMOTIOl\'S IN THE NAVY. The Honse met at 12 o'clock noon. Lieut. Commander Isaac S. K. Reeves to be a commander in the Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. IlENE.Y N. CoUDEN, D. D. Navy from the 27th day of December, 1903. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap Lieut. Commander Albon C. Hodgson to be a commander in the proved. Navy n-om the 27th day of December, 1903. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. Commander James D . .AdamB to be a captain in the Navy from the 31st day of December. 1903. A message from the Senate. by Mr. P .ARKINSON, its reading Lieut. (Junior Grade) Charles T. Owens to be a lieutenant in clerk, announced that the Senate had passed bills and joint reso the Navy from the 1st day of January, 1904. lution of the following titles; in which the concurrence of the To be lieutenants (junior grade) in the Navy from the 28th day House of Representatives was requested: of January, 1904: s. 3530. An act to provide for the construction of a light-hou e Edward B. Fenner. and buoy tender for the inspector of the eleventh light-house dis Richard D ._ White. trict; Paul B. Dungan. S. 1419. An act to fix the salary of the collector of custonu; at Edward C. Kalbfus. Omaha, Nebr.; James W. L. Clement, jr. S. 2424. An act to recognize and promote thB efficiency of army Clark: H. Woodward. chaplains; Cyrus W. Cole. S. 2816. An act to amend section 3095 of the Revised Statutes William R. Sayles, jr. of the United States; Farmer Morrison. S. 2621. An act for the widening of V street NW.; Samuel B. Thomas. S. 1636. An act for the opening of R street NE. to Twenty Alfred W. Johnson. eighth street and of Twenty-eighth street NE. from R street to Asst. Surg. Richard B. Williams to be a passed assistant sur M street; - geon in the Navy from the 17th day of November, 1903. S. R. 6. Joint resolution to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to donate to the Minnesota Historical Society the steering wheel POSTMASTERS. of the former ship Minnesota; COLORADO. S. 2641. .An act to provide for the removal of floating dangers Michael J. Guerin to be postmaster at Salida, in the county of to navigation to certain steamship lanes off the Atlantic coast of Chaffee and State of Colorado. the United States and for the construction of a suitable vessel to COK~~CTICUT. be used for such purpose by the Navy Department; R. Clifford Tyler to be postmaster at Chester, in the county of -S. 3110. An act to provide for the convening of general courts- Middlesex and State of Connecticut. martial at remote naval stations; DELAWARE. S. 127. An act authorizing the joining of Kalorama avenue; John K. Chambers to be postmaster at Newark, in the county S. 351. An act for the relief of Joseph B. Sargent; S. 2845. An act to authorize the appointment of Ricardo Igle of Newca~tle and State of Delaware. sias as a midshipman in the United States Navy; ILLINOIS. S. 2382. An act providing for the resurvey of certain townships James F. Crawford to be postmaster at Warsaw, in the county in Routt and Rio Blanco counties, in the State of Colorado; of Hancock and State of Tilinois. S. 1635. An act for the extension of M street east of Bladens- MA.SS.ACHUsETTs. • burg road, and for other purposes; Abbie H. Souther to be postmaster at Cohasset~ m the county· S. 276. An act to provide for the celebration of the one hun- of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts. dredth anniversary of the exploration of the Oregon country by MICHIGAN. Capts. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in the year 1804, 1805, Volney W. Olds to be postmaster at Hartford, in the county of and 1806, and for other purposes; Van Buren and State of Michigan. S. 703. An act setting apart a tract of land to be used as a