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National and International Security in Contemporary Changing Reality

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National and International Security in Contemporary Changing Reality National and International Security in Contemporary Changing Reality SECURITY SCIENCIES FACULTY EDITORIAL SERIES SCIENTIFIC BOARD ANDRZEJ FRYCZ MODRZEWSKI KRAKOW UNIVERSITY “SECURITY AND DEFENCE” 2 National and International Security in Contemporary Changing Reality Part 2 ed by Mieczysław Bieniek, Sławomir Mazur Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Security Sciencies Faculty 2012 – SECURITY AND DEFENCE Editorial Council of the Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University: Klemens Budzowski, Maria Kapiszewska, Zbigniew Maciąg, Jacek M. Majchrowski Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University www.ka.edu.pl Scien fi c Board Security Sciencies Faculty Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Mieczysław Bieniek (Poland), Henryk Ćwięk (Poland), Edward Gruszka (Poland), Vladimir Janeček (Slovakia), Janusz Kręcikij (Poland), Sławomir M. Mazur – chief (Poland), François Fd Miche (Switzerland), Cindy Miller (USA), Monika Ostrowska (Poland), Eric Pouliquen (France), Michal Pružinský (Slovakia), Jan Widacki (Poland), Karl-Heinz Viereck (Germany) Scien fi c Editor: Mieczysław Bieniek, Sławomir M. Mazur Reviewer: prof. Jarosław Wołejszo, PhD Proof-reading: Gregory White Cover design: Oleg Aleksejczuk On the cover side: reverse of the medal “For Merit to the Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Security Sciencies Faculty” Design and crea on: Prof. Czeslaw Dźwigaj ISBN 978-83-7571-277-3 Copyright© by Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Kraków 2012 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publica on or its en rety may be reproduced, transmi ed or stored in any manner that allows repeated use in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, copying, recording or other without the express wri en permission of copyright owners. Publisher: Krakow Society for Educa on: AFM Publishing House / Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne sp. z o.o. – Ofi cyna Wydawnicza AFM, Kraków 2012 Bookshop: U Frycza Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705 Kraków phone/fax: (12) 252 45 93; e-mail: [email protected] Technical Lay-out Editor: Oleg Aleksejczuk Printed by Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne sp. z o.o. Contents Le er from Deputy Commander of the NATO Strategic Command in Norfolk-Virginia, USA, General Mieczysław Bieniek PhD. – Na onal and Interna onal Security in Contemporary Changing Reality .... 7 Mieczysław Bieniek, Sławomir M. Mazur Foreword ...................................................................... 9 Piotr Sienkiewicz Systems Analysis of Security Management ................................. 13 Mariusz Skulimowski Military Support of Humanitarian Opera ons in Pakistan ................. 25 Mieczysław Bieniek Arab Spring – Dynamic Changes in the Middle East ........................ 41 Henryk Ćwięk Between Germany and Russia. The Problem of Poland’s Security in the 20th and 21st Centuries in View of Europe’s Situa on. Selected Problems ............................................................ 49 Michal Pružinský, Peter Varhol’ák Selected Slovak and European Security Contexts ........................... 71 Czesław Dzwigaj My 11th of September a Paris Retrospec on ................................ 93 Janusz Liber Counterintelligence Support to Military Opera ons ........................ 107 Marek Zawartka Security of Mass Events Regarding Stadium Hooliganism .................. 125 Bibliography ....................................................................... 147 “Na onal and Interna onal Security in Contemporary Changing Reality” is a com- pelling, must-read work for those who study and try to gain a be er understand- ing of today’s na onal and interna onal security environment. A collec on of diverse views of Polish and interna onal authors on military, se- curity, interna onal rela ons, new forms of warfare such as cyber-terrorism and challenges they bring about allows the reader not only to see the whole complex- ity and interdependencies of the current security network, but creates a solid founda on for any further studies, especially for those readers who wish to ob- tain a be er understanding of the Polish and other former Warsaw Pact coun- tries’ perspec ve on the current and future role of interna onal organiza ons such as NATO and the EU. While discussing security and defense from many diff erent angles, authors – whose backgrounds are diverse and who jointly represent a vast and profound experience in defense-related ma ers – invite the reader to embark on a fasci- na ng journey through the modern world of mul faceted security rela ons, links among some me remote areas of defence-related studies, and challenges that not only NATO and its members but all the na ons of the modern world must face and live up to. I found it very rewarding and at the same me refreshing to read ar cles by so many respected luminaries of interna onal security science. To have the views of them in one volume is simply a treat for any and every- one who – like myself – endeavours to see and understand the global picture to a maximum possible extent. The opportunity to learn the views and observa ons of people of such diff erent background and experience, represen ng both military and civilian academia, administra on and chain of command is indeed rare and worth careful study. It greatly broadened my horizons, corrected or improved my understanding and I can with all honesty recommend it to all scholars and general readers who are interested in understanding the security environment of today. Foreword As the authors men oned in the fi rst part of the study “Na onal and interna on- al security” cons tutes one of the principal domains of the undertakings involved as part of the research on educa onal condi ons and special es available in the Department of Security Studies at Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University. This issue is also extremely important in the fi eld of interna onal rela ons exist- ing in the contemporary world. The essence and character of security, both in the na onal and interna onal dimension are being refl ected in all func onal aspects of contemporary society. It not only refers to military security, but also to security in various spheres of economic, social, cultural, poli cal and ecological life. As regards the current globaliza on processes, security applies to any area of the globe, equally to each and every human being and to en re na ons. The issue of safety is inseparably connected with threats and related challenges con nually emerging in the reality around us. Such threats arise in specifi c geographical loca- ons and can exhibit diversifi ed dimensions. They can exert considerable impact on the sustainable development of countries, regions and areas. Ensuring a set of forward-thinking measures, which would lead to increasing security in all senses, will signifi cantly contribute to the proper economic development of our country, making the Polish economy more innova ve and compe ve. This second part of the study seeks to familiarize the reader with selected problems of conduc ng security-related research. Expanding this domain of knowledge is now of the utmost importance. Although security has cons tuted the subject ma er of several publica ons, there are s ll no concise and well- structured studies concerning this area of human endeavor and ac vity, so im- portant to our country. In the forward to the fi rst part, it was stressed that security is generally inter- preted as the state of non-threat, peace and confi dence. As was stated by Józef Kukuła, it is a state of confi dence of the country and people’s existence in the subjec ve, objec ve and processual dimension.1 The Na onal Security Dic on- ary defi nes it as “the state which gives a sense of confi dence, a guarantee of maintaining this state and the opportunity for its enhancement. The situa on in which there is no risk of losing what we cherish most, such as health, work, dignity, feelings and property, is one of the principal needs of every human be- 1 J. Kukułka, Narodziny koncepcji bezpieczeństwa (The origins of the security concept) [in:] Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe, teoria i praktyka (Interna onal security – the- ory and prac ce), ed. K. Żukrowska, M. Grącik, Warsaw 2006, p. 40 10 Foreword ing. Among diff erent types of security, the following can be dis nguished: global, regional and na onal security; military, poli cal and public security; physical, psy- chological and social security; and also structural and personal security”.2 The diversity of defi ni ons causes various en es to approach the issue of security selec vely. One and the same dic onary proposes a number of diff erent defi ni- ons related to security and defense. Referring to the dic onary cited above, the na onal security is “a state ensured through properly-organized defense and protec on against external and internal threats, determined as the rela onship of the defense poten al to the threats scale”.3 The essence of na onal security in the narrow sense concerns the internal state and the interna onal situa on of a country, which eff ec vely secure its independence, consistency and interests, at the same me excluding the real risk of internal destabiliza on and external threats. Na onal security in a broader sense is understood as the whole set of internal and external condi ons that guarantee the sustainable development of society and the protec on of the na onal territory against internal and external threats, and that ensure the capability of a country to implement autonomous internal and external policies. The security-related need was already referred to in the 1930s by Abraham Maslow, the author of the classical theory of human needs. Maslow dis nguished fi ve levels of needs where fi rst-level needs must be sa sfi ed before the next level could become dominant. Safety was assigned to the second level, immediately following physiological needs. It manifests itself as the need for security, stability, order and care, combined with the lack of fear, chaos and threat. All we know that neither security nor favorable condi ons for the develop- ment of civiliza on are given once and for all.
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