Olympic Discovery Trail - Eaglemount

ON C RS O E U F N F T

E Y

W A N S O HINGT

Jefferson County, WA OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT

ROUTES RECOMMENDATION APRIL 26, 2019

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Replace this image, its not in the trail area...

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks to all the state and local agencies who have contributed to this project, including Jefferson County, City of Port Townsend, Jefferson County Public Utility District #1, Jefferson Transit Authority, Washington State Parks, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Olympic National Park, the United States Forest Service, and the Recreation and Conservation Office. We also thank private landowners, in particular Pope Resources, who support a multi-use trail which would safely bypass SR 20. Lastly we would like to thank the Peninsula Trails Coalition and Eaglemount Trails Association for their continuing commitment to this project. Thank you all for your insight, comments and enthusiasm for this exciting project.

CONSULTANT TEAM

Alta Planning + Design Steve Durrant, FASLA Katie O’Lone, AICP, Senior Designer Erin David, AICP, GIS Analyst Raylee McKinley, Designer

Loving Engineering Ahmis Loving, P.E.

Northwest Environmental Consulting, LLC Brad Theile Emily Drew

ON C RS O E U F N F T

E Y

W A N S O HINGT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgments...... 2

Table of Contents...... 3

List of Figures...... 4

List of Tables...... 4

Executive Summary...... 5

Ch 1 Project Overview...... 11 1.1 Context...... 12 1.2 Vision Statement...... 12 1.3 Goals & Objectives...... 13 1.4 Benefits of Developing the Connection...... 14 1.5 Public Outreach...... 19

Ch 2 Existing Conditions...... 25 2.1 Review of Background Documents...... 26 2.2 Site Character...... 30 2.3 Opportunities and Constraints...... 33

Ch 3 Alignment Alternatives...... 35 3.1 Alignment Options...... 37 3.2 Alignment Evaluation...... 37

Ch 4 Recommended Alignments...... 45 4.1 Recommended Trail Alignments...... 47 4.2 Conceptual Design...... 54 4.3 Right-Of-Way Summary...... 59

Ch 5 Permitting Overview...... 63 5.1 Regulatory Requirements...... 64 5.2 Recommended Alignment Permitting Strategy...... 70

Ch 6 Implementation...... 81 6.1 Cost and Ease of Implementation...... 82 6.2 Phasing Plan...... 83 6.3 Financial Strategy...... 84

Appendix A – Design Guidelines

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure I Study Area...... 6 Figure II Recommended Alignments...... 9 Figure 2.1.1 Proposed Trails and Trail Connections...... 27 Figure 2.1.2 Zoning...... 28 Figure 2.3.1 Opportunities and Constraints...... 32 Figure 3.1.1 Alignment Options...... 36 Figure 4.1.1 Recommended Trail Alignments...... 46 Figure 4.1.2 Recommended Trail Alignments – North Segment...... 48 Figure 4.1.3 Recommended Trail Alignments – Central Segment...... 50 Figure 4.1.4 Recommended Trail Alignments – South Segment...... 52 Figure 4.2.1 Typical Trail Section...... 55 Figure 4.2.2 Typical Trail Section – Constrained Conditions...... 55 Figure 4.2.3 Typical Trail Section - Sidepath...... 56 Figure 4.2.4 Typical Trail Section – Shared Lane...... 57 Figure 4.2.5 Typical Trail Section - Shared Lane...... 57

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.2.1 Alignment Options Evaluation Criteria...... 40 Table 3.2.2 Alignment Options Evaluation...... 42 Table 4.3.1 Right-Of-Way Summary...... 60 Table 5.1.1 Permits Potentially Required...... 64 Table 5.2.1 Mitigation Ratio Requirements...... 78 Table 5.2.2 Permit Timeline...... 79

Discovery Bay from the flanks of Eaglemount 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Image source: Alta Planning + Design OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019 FIGURE I STUDY AREA

To Port Townsend Larry Scott Trail AIRPORT CUTOFF Ferry: 6.5 mi

DISCOVERY Milo Curry Trailhead

o r

F e

U s p

R i C ORN Four ERS 101 Corners PORT IRONDALE TOWNSEND BAY Port To Port Angeles Ferry: 30 mi Hadlock

ER RN CO ES SS NE O Legend A Natural Features RHODY K B Body of Water A R DISCOVERY Y Parks and Preserves BAY FLAGLE Roads and Trails 20 Existing Olympic Discovery Trail Anderson On-Road ODT Alternatives Lake CHIMACUM Major Roads Minor Roads State Existing Trailhead Park ANDERSON LAKE 7.5 miles Chimacum

Olympic Discovery TrailL

Y 19

Lo r e

Discovery S

E B 20 E

W A Bay V E R

V A

L L E Y

101 To Kingston Ferry: 25 mi

Gibbs Lake County Park

EAGLEMOUNT

101 D

19 miles

104

To Kingston Ferry: 20 mi

LARSON LAKE

MILES 0 1.0 2.0

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SUMMARY

Location & History Purpose This report In concept, the Olympic Discovery Trail The purpose of the Olympic Discovery Trail outlines the design (ODT) runs for 130 miles across the - Eaglemount Route Recommendation Study northern end of the Olympic Peninsula in is two-fold: and planning far northwest Washington. Advocacy for the • To find potential off-road multi-use trail process used ODT began more than 30 years ago with the alignments connecting the Larry Scott goal of connecting Port Townsend to Forks, Trail at the Milo Curry Road trailhead to select the and eventually LaPush on the Pacific Ocean to the recently completed ODT segment with an off-road multi-use trail. By 2018 the recommended at the southern tip of Discovery Bay ODT consisted of approximately 70 miles of (Figure I). routes for the paved and unpaved trail, and 60 miles of on- road connections. • To recommend design guidelines and Olympic Discovery priorities for implementation. In 2016 the Peninsula Trails Coalition and Trail - Eaglemount This report includes a description of the a collection of advocates and stakeholders between the sought funding for the subject of this recommended alignments and the rationale report - the Eaglemount segment of the for selecting them. References are made to end of the Larry ODT. In 2016 the state legislature passed an a companion document that details design Engrossed Substitute House Bill 2380 which guidance found in Appendix A. The report Scott Trail and authorized the use of funds to be managed is a snapshot in time of a dynamic situation. Discovery Bay. by the Washington State Recreation and As more information is gathered, route Conservation Office (RCO) to provide for trail alternatives other than those recommended Background in this report may be pursued. planning, acquisition, and development. research, field work and a site analysis were completed to help develop alignment options. Each option was evaluated leading to the selection of the recommended routes.

Sweeping views of Discovery Bay from the study area.

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Background

Jefferson County developed the 7.3 mile long Cross-country cyclists, some of whom have Larry Scott Trail from Port Townsend to the ridden thousands of miles on highways Milo Curry Road Trailhead over 24 years across the US, have characterized this from 1989 to 2012. The Larry Scott Trail is segment of their long-distance journey as the largely within an abandoned rail corridor, most terrifying. has a gravel surface and is intended for use by people walking, riding bicycles and riding Approach horses. More recently, Jefferson County completed a 3,800-foot paved segment of the This study defines the overall goals, design ODT on the west shore of Discovery Bay. The guidelines and approach to developing a county’s 1998 Comprehensive Plan and other premiere regional multi-use trail. long-range plans have called for completion The study assessed existing conditions, of the ODT, including references to closing including identification of existing trails the gap addressed in this study. that could connect or link the corridor, land The current route of the Olympic Discovery uses and ownership patterns in the study Trail and the Pacific Northwest National area, existing rights-of-way, environmentally

The Larry Scott Trail runs from the Port Townsend Scenic Trail for this segment takes users sensitive areas, steep and unstable slopes, waterfront to a trailhead near on State Route 20 for more than 6 miles and safety hazards. Four Corners. from Four Corners Road to Highway 101 at Larger regional connections and potential right: Northbound State Route Discovery Bay. State Route 20 is characterized destinations were identified. Community 20 near Fairmount, 0.4 miles as a narrow, curving, two-lane highway, input was gathered on existing conditions in from US-101, 50 MPH, as little with guardrails, stretches with little to no an open house. as 4 inches from fog line to shoulders, abrupt drops from the edge of pavement edge pavement into steep drainage ditches, and Alignment options were evaluated based on grades up to 6%. Traffic volumes are between criteria such as length of segment, aesthetic 5,000 and 6,000 annual average daily trips appeal, proximity to desirable destinations, (AADT), increasing at more than 5% per year, physical constraints of the terrain, natural including a large proportion (more than 8%) of and cultural resource values, development commercial trucks. The posted speed limit is cost, available right-of-way, land use and 50 miles per hour. property ownership. 8 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

Recommendation FIGURE II RECOMMENDED ALIGNMENTS

L a As a result of this study the ODT-E was r r y S c o tt Port Authority T ra Port divided into three segments (North, Central, i l Port Jeﬀ Co S Discovery Road Transit Fire District and South) with three feasible alternative Four Adelma Corners Fou A Jeﬀerson r d

e C

Beach lm orners R

a Co PUD

alignments identified within each segment. h

oad

ad R

o With further study and negotiation with property owners, it is anticipated that a final Pope

Pope

alignment will link the most appropriate n

e m

alternative from each segment to complete g Pope

h an approximately 10-12 mile long trail t r City of Port o Townsend Somerville connection. N Anderson Lake State Park y Several dramatic challenges are met with a Pope B the alternative alignments, including steep y r

e slopes, streams and wetlands, crossing the v Anderson Lake o Anderson Lake c Woodmans State Park highway and accommodating commercial s i Road Anderson Lake D t n forest uses. The benefits that will be realized M o e on C re m ek g Pope e include a safe passage through the region’s S ) l te a v ri p a ( d a o r R

e t k DNR a

t n e s

u premier landscape with panoramic views S Ce over icons of the Pacific Northwest, providing Pope

S u n s e t

t C n r e e Sou Segm e a transportation and recreation resource th k

Sunset Lake rail for locals and visitors, health and economic T Moon ry Lake ove c is D ic benefits for the community and the nation. p m ly O Fairmount City of Port Discovery F nt Road ai ou rm airm Townsend o F 20 u SR n h t Pope c

Junction H

i l l R d Woodman-Fairmount Road u G City ad o e R n t i Lake n M u o m r At this early planning stage, with the exact i a F

Grouse Lane

d a 20 SR o Pope R

l Pope l M i

H o a locations of the trail yet to be determined, Salmon Creek

Uncas O

l y

H i in

Snow Creek g

h r L

the costs of construction are very difficult to w

S R

1 Bentley Place

0 nd Wate 1 E Uncas Road N e ns Pope Pope w Gibbs estimate. To rt Lake o P County Park

a g l e Further study can help refine the alignment m o u Gibbs Beausite n Pope t Lake Lake

R o a Delanty to reduce acquisition and development costs. d Lake

Key Exis�ng Trail Alignment A Alignment B Alignment C

40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi

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Exploring the study area near Anderson Lake State Park 10 NOT USED

PROJECT OVERVIEW

DRAFT 11/12/2018 11 Image source: Alta Planning + Design OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

1.1 CONTEXT

Setting Demographics

The northern Olympic Peninsula is an iconic In addition to the economic, transportation landscape bounded by the Strait of Juan de and recreation benefits of the proposed Fuca at the foot of the Olympic Mountain Olympic Discovery Trail - Eaglemount Range. Port Townsend at the northeast corner (ODT-E), groups without access to a vehicle of the peninsula is the seat of Jefferson will benefit from nearby access to a new County, and for many visitors the beginning recreation and transportation resource that of their adventure, whether arriving by ferry, does not require driving to enjoy.1 Children, bicycle or by private vehicle. To the west the elderly and those without vehicles account in neighboring Clallam County, the cities for a significant proportion of the county’s of Sequim, Port Angeles and Forks, and population: 34% are over age 652 and more nearby small towns provide waypoints and than 11% of the households in the county important destinations including Olympic include an individual over the age of 65, living National Park, the ferry to Victoria, BC, Lake alone. Over 40% of people aged 65-74 have Crescent and LaPush at the Pacific Ocean. obesity.3 23% of the population are children The Olympic Discovery Trail, envisioned under 18 years of age, and 80% have health decades ago, will eventually make the 130- risk behaviors related to insufficient physical mile connection from Port Townsend to activity. 10% of youth have obesity. LaPush. The Eaglemount section of the trail will also be part of the Pacific Northwest ENDNOTES National Scenic Trail, connecting Olympic 1 Burghard, M & Knitel, Karlijn & van Oost, Iris & S. National Park to Glacier National Park. Tremblay, Mark & Takken, T. (2016). Results From the Netherlands’ 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Population Growth and Development Health. 13. S218-S224. 10.1123/jpah.2016-0299. [https:// bit.ly/2Z8vKqA] The 2017 population of Jefferson County was 2 Washington State Department of Public Health 31,200, growing modestly since the 2010 census. (2017). Jefferson County Chronic Disease Profile, DOH Port Townsend accounts for approximately one 345-344, . https://bit.ly/2DaFV4u third of the county’s population. 3 McKee MD, Alexis & Morley, MB, BCh., John E, Obesity in the Elderly (2018). https://bit.ly/2UhdffK

Tunnel under South Discovery Road on the Larry Scott Trail

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1.2 VISION STATEMENT

The vision of this study is to determine, in Goal: Provide an exceptional user coordination with the community and trail experience advocates, the most advantageous routes • Improve the transportation and recreation to provide an off-highway multi-modal trail trips on the Olympic Discovery Trail by connection between the Larry Scott trailhead providing new opportunities and direct at Milo Curry Road and the Olympic access to the possibilities offered by the Discovery Trail at Discovery Bay. Olympic Peninsula, Port Townsend, and Discovery Bay areas. 1.3 GOALS & OBJECTIVES • Incorporate natural and cultural resource stories of the area in the design of the Goal: Safety - Provide an alternative trail (scenic views, interpret natural and to state and local highways for active cultural assets) to provide an enjoyable transportation and enriching experience. • Move recreational users off Highway 20, making the highway safer for motorists Goal: Economic - Provide opportunities for and providing a safe route for trail users economic benefits between Four Corners Road and the head • Contribute to the development of a of Discovery Bay. regional amenity that will attract people to • Develop a continuous multi-use trail, the Olympic Peninsula. meeting best-practice design guidelines, • Use the trail to promote local activities, including roadway crossings. events, and businesses in Port Townsend • Accommodate maintenance, security and and Jefferson County. emergency vehicle access. • Identify cost-saving design options and construction strategies. Goal: Mobility - Provide active transportation options • Provide opportunities for residents to increase their personal active lifestyles • Improve multi-modal access for people and decrease vehicle trips. of all ages and abilities to the Olympic Discovery Trail. Goal: Land Use - Develop a public amenity • Promote physical activity and that is compatible with adjacent land uses environmentally sustainable • Work with local partners and the transportation networks. community to identify an accessible • Connect the ODT to local recreational alignment for the trail. opportunities. • Accommodate the needs of the property owners adjacent to the trail. Goal: Accessibility - Provide opportunities to experience the trail for many Goal: Public Support - Respond to the user groups general local, regional and statewide call for a • Develop a continuous multi-use trail continuous ODT accessible to people walking, hiking, • Develop a recommended alignment that riding bicycles, equestrians, and is supported by the community as well as wheelchair users. state and local agencies.

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1.4 BENEFITS OF DEVELOPING THE CONNECTION

More residents Introduction including casual strolls, hiking, biking, skating, fishing, bird-watching, horseback- using trails Will the Olympic Discovery Trail - riding, and sightseeing. These recreational Eaglemount (ODT-E) connection provide benefits translate into real dollars in terms of and pathways safety for both motorists and non-motorists, tourism/visitor spending and job creation. new and enhanced access to outdoor results in fewer recreation opportunities, offer more Outdoor recreation contributes more than opportunities for physical activity and $26.2 billion in consumer spending to crashes between associated community health benefits, Washington’s economy every year. Across support local economies through tourism Washington, outdoor recreation supports pedestrians/ spending, provide low-stress utilitarian/ 201,000 jobs, generates $2.3 billion annually transportation mobility, and reduce in state and local tax revenue, and produces bicyclists and impacts on the natural environment? $7.6 billion in wages and salaries. 72% of motor vehicles, Trails can improve the quality of life for Washington residents participate in outdoor the communities they connect, and foster a recreation each year.2 On the Olympic improving safety sense of appreciation and stewardship for the Peninsula, outdoor recreation contributes natural environment, and for the history and $1.6 billion in annual expenditures and for trail users and cultures they are tied to. More residents using growing, accounting for more than 12% of all trails and pathways results in fewer crashes employment.3 decreasing costs to between pedestrians/bicyclists and motor vehicles, improving safety for trail users and Bicycling generates approximately $133 1 local governments. decreasing costs to local governments.1 billion per year nationwide. In the Pacific Region (WA, OR, HI, AK, CA) recreational The following section provides an overview bicycling contributes $15 billion to the

Field evaluation of possible of how trails can provide these benefits. regional economy, supports 135,000 jobs, trail alignments. generates $1.9 billion annually in state and Economic Benefits federal tax revenues, produces $10.4 billion in retail sales and services, $1.4 billion in Trails provide a host of outdoor recreational bicycling gear sales and services, and $9.0 opportunities for exercise and enjoyment billion in bicycling trip-related expenditures

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every year. Nearly 30% of the adult population much stimulated economic output as those ...investments in in the Pacific Region participates in the who do not stay overnight.11 Bicycle tourists bicycling economy.4 Trails create 23% more may stay longer than the average tourist; a maintenance and jobs than road construction-only projects per Montana study found that bicyclists spend $76 $1 million spent.5 per day and stay an average of eight nights expansion of regional in the state. The study noted that building Creating complete, connected trail systems facilities separated from vehicle traffic helps trails [on the Olympic is key to unlocking these benefits in local to attract bicycle tourists, as safety was the top Peninsula] will communities. A study conducted in Atlanta priority of this type of tourist.12 found that filling 72 miles of priority gaps in the regional trail network would generate Businesses consistently attribute part of their translate into benefits up to $135,000 in benefits annually, for economic success to the presence of trails. in health and property every mile of trail constructed.6 The ODT-E The Great Allegheny Passage trail runs 150 will close a key gap in the overall trail miles from Pittsburgh, PA to Cumberland value for residents system, attracting a wider array of users MD. 45 businesses in the small towns along who will spend more time and make greater the trail were surveyed. Of the 18 businesses and increase the expenditures in the region.7 planning to expand, 67% cited the trail as a factor in their decision-making. On average, attractiveness for Tourism benefits for small local businesses attributed 41% of their business businesses to the trail.13 In Clallam County, the North new residents and the Olympic Discovery Marathon alone brings Studies of key regional trails in rural areas between $500,000 and $1 million each year. additional economic around the country have consistently found strong positive economic impacts for small Benefits to local residents development that they towns along trails. In Oregon, a statewide study concluded that bicycle tourism has Trails provide a financial benefit to local trail bring. a particularly large effect in small towns, users. The Virginia Creeper Trail study found Peninsula RTPO Economic Impacts of Regional Trails, especially when associated with major that user net economic value for recreation ECONorthwest (2018) events.8 A study of a 31-mile trail running access to the trail was approximately $24-38 through small towns in rural Louisiana found per person per trip. estimated annual economic benefits of $3.4 million for direct spending and $3.9 million In many small towns, trailheads served for indirect spending related to the trail.9 The as community focal points and gathering 60-mile Schuykill River Trail in Pennsylvania, places in each city, further benefiting local 14 part of the Circuit Trails system, has a direct residents. economic impact of $7.3 million.10 Property values A study of the Virginia Creeper Trail, a 34-mile rail-trail in rural southwest Virginia Trails typically have a positive impact on 15 found that the promotion of trail-related local property values. Homes located recreation and tourism is a viable strategy near trails often have 5%-10% higher values. for local economic growth. Connecting to Houses in higher walkable areas are worth an extensive, destination trail system can be up to $34,000 more than similar houses in 16 especially beneficial for small towns, as the areas with moderate walkability/bikeability. study found that tourists who visit for the In rural Methow Valley, Washington, homes primary purpose of using the trail and stay within one-quarter mile of trails experienced 17 overnight account for almost five times as a 10 percent price bump.

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When residents Physical Activity and Community rural, southeastern Missouri, trails increased Health Benefits exercise particularly among people most at have access to risk of inactivity, those who are not regular 19% of adults in Washington are physically walkers, have a high school education or less, 18 safe places to inactive, and 26.4% of adults are obese. or who earn under $15,000 per year. Trails Trails provide excellent opportunities to walk within 10 that are at least a half mile long, paved, or increase physical activity and improve located in the smallest towns were associated 22 minutes of home, community health decreasing the risk of with the largest increases in exercise. cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, they are one and hypertension, depression, and other illnesses. Comprehensive trail systems can give This results in a significant reduction in people new access to outdoor recreation a half times more direct healthcare costs, and bears increased opportunities in ways that improve health significance for aging communities. In fact, and reduce the costs and burdens of health likely to meet every $1 spent on bike trails and walking care. For example, in Southeast Wisconsin, paths saves an estimated $3 in health costs.19 the Route of the Badger offers new access recommended to outdoor recreation, with the potential for Enhancing access (for example, by building activity levels than improved physical activity and a savings a bike path to encourage physical activity), in direct health-care costs of over $22.4 those who don’t is correlated with some of the highest million.23 life expectancy gains, and demonstrates have access to safe high cost-effectiveness when compared to Transportation Benefits and infrastructure costs and other community- Opportunities places to walk.21 based physical activity interventions.20 When trails connect local and regional Creating accessible opportunities for people destinations, they can provide incredible to exercise is essential for improving health. transportation utility for everyday trips taken When residents have access to safe places by foot or bike. If more trails were available to walk within 10 minutes of home, they are for everyday transportation this would result one and a half times more likely to meet in reduced congestion, fuel consumption, recommended activity levels than those who vehicle emissions, and household 21 don’t have access to safe places to walk. In expenditures for vehicle ownership and The Larry Scott Trail provides access from Port Townsend to the northeastern end of the ODT-E study area.

The Larry Scott Trail

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operation and maintenance. Environmental Goals and Benefits A local equestrian Many everyday travel needs could be met Trails are tied to a host of environmental group estimates by biking and walking, if safe facilities were benefits, including reduced emissions available: and improved air quality, enhanced water most horse traffic • 11.9% percent of all trips taken in the quality, energy independence, preservation U.S. are made by walking and biking of ecologically-sensitive areas, flood use on the ODT-E (6.9 percent to 9.6 percent in rural mitigation, wildlife habitat preservation, and would be in winter communities) environmental stewardship. • 50% of all trips in the U.S. are under 20 The Rails-to-Trails Conservancy estimates when mountain minutes by biking (3 miles) that by 2030, short trips by walking or trails are covered • 28% of all trips in the U.S. are under 20 biking could amount to $7.3-$14.8 billion in minutes by walking (1 mile) fuel savings, and $126-$218 million in CO2 emissions reductions nationally.26 in snow, and roads • In urban areas, 53% of trips are under 3 miles or less (20% of trips are 1 mile or are inaccessible less) to trailers. Up to • In non-urban areas, roughly 37% of all trips are 3 miles or less (20% of trips are under 50 group members one mile)24,25 may make horse trips per winter month, in addition to non-member equestrian use.

Port Gamble Forest Trail, Kitsap County.

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ENDNOTES 1 Grabow, M., M. Hahn, and M. Whited. 2010. Valuing 14 Hagen Thames Hammons. 2015. Assessing the Bicycling’s Economic and Health Impacts in Wisconsin. Economic and Livability Value of Multi-Use Trails: A The Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies Center Case Study into the Tammany Trace Rail Trail in St. for Sustainability and the Global Environment at Tammany Parish, Louisiana. https://www.railstotrails. University of Wisconsin-Madison. org/resource-library/resources/assessing-the- economic-and-livability-value-of-multi-use-trails-a-case- 2 Outdoor Industry Foundation. Outdoor Recreation study-into-the-tammany-trace-rail-trail-in-st-tammany- Economy Report. 2017. https://outdoorindustry.org/wp- parish-louisiana/?q=benefit&a=All&t=All&s=All&g=All content/uploads/2017/07/OIA_RecEcoState_WA.pdf 15 Headwater Economics. Measuring Trails 3 ECONorthwest, Peninsula RTPO Economic Impacts Benefits: Property Value. 2016. Measuring Trail of Regional Trails (2018). headwaterseconomics.org/wp-content/.../trails-library- 4 Outdoor Industry Foundation. 2006 property-value-overview.pdf Active Outdoor Recreation Economy Report. 16 Cortright, J. Walking the Walk: How walkability 2006. www.outdoorfoundation.org/pdf/ raises home values in U.S. Cities. CEOs for Cities. 2009. ResearchRecreationEconomyBicycling.pdf. 17 Resource Dimensions. 2005. Economic Impacts 5 Garrett-Peltier, Heidi. Pedestrian and Bicycle of MVSTA Trails and Land Resources in the Methow Infrastructure: A National Study of Employment Valley. Methow Valley Sport Trails Association. Impacts. Political Economic Research Institute. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 2011. 18 America’s Health Rankings. https://www. americashealthrankings.org/explore/2016-annual- 6 Atlanta Regional Commission. Envisioning A report/measure/Obesity/state/WA Regional Trail Network. https://cdn.atlantaregional. org/wp-content/uploads/arc-trailsreport-webview.pdf. 19 American Heart Association. 2011. Value of primordial and primary prevention for cardiovascular 7 ECONorthwest, Peninsula RTPO Economic Impacts disease. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/8/967 of Regional Trails (2018). 20 Roux, Larissa, et al. Cost Effectiveness of 8 Dean Runyan Associates. 2013. The Economic Community-Based Physical Activity Interventions. Significance of Bicycle-Related Travel in Oregon: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Volume 35, Detailed State and Travel Region Estimates, 2012. Issue 6, Page 578-588. 2008. http://www.ajpmonline.org/ Prepared for Travel Oregon. article/S0749-3797(08)00770-8/fulltext#tbla1) 9 Hagen Thames Hammons. 2015. Assessing the 21 Places to Walk: Convenience and Regular Physical Economic and Livability Value of Multi-Use Trails: A Activity, American Journal of Public Health, 2003 Case Study into the Tammany Trace Rail Trail in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana. https://www.railstotrails. 22 Brownson, R., R. Housemann, D. Brown, J. org/resource-library/resources/assessing-the- Jackson-Thompson, A. King, B. Malone, and J. economic-and-livability-value-of-multi-use-trails-a-case- Sallis. 2000. Promoting Physical Activity in Rural study-into-the-tammany-trace-rail-trail-in-st-tammany- Communities:Walking Trail Access, Use, and Effects. parish-louisiana/?q=benefit&a=All&t=All&s=All&g=All American Journal of Preventive Medicine 18(3): 235- 242. 10 Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. 2016. 2016 State of the Trails Report. https://www.railstotrails.org/ 23 2016 State of the Trails Report. Rails-to-Trails resourcehandler.ashx?name=2016-state-of-the-trails Conservancy. https://www.railstotrails.org/ report&id=10558&fileName=2016%20State%20of%20 resourcehandler.ashx?name=2016-state-of-the-trails the%20Trails%20Report report&id=10558&fileName=2016%20State%20of%20 the%20Trails%20Report 11 Bowker, J. Michael; Bergstrom, John C.; Gill, Joshua 2007. Estimating the economic value and impacts of 24 League of American Bicyclists. Highlights from recreational trails: a case study of the Virginia creeper the National Household Travel Survey. 2009. www. rail trail. Tourism Economics, Vol. 13(2): 241-260 https:// bikeleague.org/sites/default/files/2009_NHTS_Short_ www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/27561 Trips_Analysis.pdf 12 Nickerson, N., J. Jorgenson, M. Berry, J. Kwenye, 25 Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. Active Transportation D. Kozel, J. Schutz. 2013. Analysis of Touring Cyclists: Beyond Urban Centers: Walking and Bicycling in Small Impacts, Needs and Opportunities for Montana. Towns and Rural America. 2011. www.railstotrails. University of Montana College of Forestry and org/resource-library/resources/active-transportation- Conservation’s Institute for Tourism and Recreation beyond-urban-centers-report/ Research, Research Report 2013-17. 26 Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. Quantifying the 13 Trail Town Program. Trail User Survey and Business Benefits of Active Transportation. 2009. https://www. Survey Report: Great Alleghany Passage. 2015 https:// railstotrails.org/policy/active-transportation-for.../ www.railstotrails.org/resourcehandler.ashx?name=trail- quantifying-benefits/ user-survey-and-business-survey-report-great- allegheny-passage&id=7313&fileName=2015-GAP- Report.pdf

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1.5 PUBLIC OUTREACH

Open House #1

An open house was held on April 12th, 2018 to discuss the development of an off-road bypass of State Route 20 for the Olympic Discovery Trail from Discovery Bay to the Larry Scott Trail in Port Townsend. An overflow crowd of more than 120 people attended the meeting held at the Jefferson County Transit building. Attendees were able to provide feedback through comment cards, leaving notes on the maps and conversations with staff. 66 comment cards were completed by participants. In addition, for those that could not attend, comments were collected via email throughout the month. Below is a summary of the survey responses and comments received via email and in person at the open house. Engineering consultant, Ahmis Loving answered questions at the open house in April 2018.

Open house participants learning about the trail.

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How do you use Larry Scott Trail now? Are there places you visit or bring friends and family?

The most popular destinations among survey respondents include Anderson Lake State Park and nearby trails, Discovery Bay and Gibbs Lake, with more than 25 responses noting at least one of these locations. Other locations mentioned include Tamanowas Rock Sanctuary, Chimacum, the DNR trails south of Anderson Lake State Park and at least one response mentioned that they prefer any corridor off of Highway 20.

Are there stories, historic sites or Walking, biking, horseback riding and other significant features to explore? were all marked as current uses for the Larry Scott Trail, with walking and biking making Several responses noted Tamanowas Rock up the majority of responses. Horseback Sanctuary and Anderson Lake State Park as riding is a popular activity in the area and being significant to the area. Most responses riders expressed concern about the inclusion to this question listed more than one location of this use in survey responses. Responses for or feature, including those listed below. “other” primarily noted running as another use of the trail. • Tamanowas Rock • Anderson Lake State Park • Discovery Bay • Wildlife viewing (eagle and osprey nests, elk) and fishing • Sites of geologic interest • Gibbs Lake • Eaglemount • Jamestown Cliff sites • Wooded trails

Do you have guests visit the trail?

More than half of those who completed the open house survey noted that they bring guests to the trail or direct them to the trail when visiting.

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Have you ridden or walked on • Changing scenic views, open spaces and Other locations Highway 20 between Discovery Bay forests and Four Corners? • Combination of valley scenery and bay mentioned include scenery The overwhelming majority do not ride or Tamanowas Rock, walk on Highway 20 citing it as a dangerous, • A separate trail, not sharing the road with narrow and heavily trafficked road with no vehicles Chimacum, the shoulder or way for vehicles to safely pass • A gentle grade bicycles or pedestrians. The majority of DNR trails south respondents expressed fear of the highway • The majority of respondents prefer an whether from experience bicycling or unpaved trail, suitable for horseback of Anderson Lake riding, although a few responses walking along it or based on driving the State Park and at highway. suggested a paved trail • Complete connection between Discovery least one response What would make this journey fun and Bay and Larry Scott Trail convenient for you? • Bathrooms mentioned that Several people listed additional amenities • Wide trail they prefer any as something that would make their journey • Concessions available at Anderson Lake more fun, while others listed safety and State Park corridor off of access to the trail as important. Below is a list of all responses: • Use transmission line right of way Highway 20. • Picnic tables, benches, and hitch rails for • One respondent wanted to ‘keep people equestrians away from my property’ • Well maintained trails to draw local and • Supporting independent businesses out of town users • A path that follows the ridge through • Safety Anderson Lake and DNR logging land • A less stressful route such as Center Road • Access for surrounding communities to Highway 101 or 104 • Opportunities to exercise

Steve Durrant, ODT-E project director at Alta Planning + Design, discusses trail alignment with the overflow open house crowd.

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Additional comments? • Concern about the trail grade being too steep • “Moved to be near the trail!” • Vital to local economy! • Concerns about future meeting [room] capacity and [meeting] direction • Consider Center Road • Concern about trail being too close to • Trails at Anderson Lake don’t cover private property enough distance for most riders (horseback) • How can the community get involved/ help? • A safer way to get around • “What about access from Cape George to • Potential concerns about hunting season Larry Scott?” and proximity to the trail • “Let’s make it happen!” • “Please don’t spend money on over- planning when we need to acquire • Use power line access, Pope properties to property for the trail” connect Anderson Lake and Gibbs Lake

Many participants arrived at the open house by bike.

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General Comments (Email Additional Meetings Responses): As of the publication of this report, no Overall, email responses were in support of additional public meetings had been the trail and expressed concerns about the scheduled. safety of Highway 20. Below are key themes from email responses. • Unleashed dogs on the current trail are a problem for some users • Many private landowners are concerned about the trail potentially crossing their Open house, where many expressed property and suggest that the land should excitement about stay on government owned land. the future trail. • Suggestion made that the trail should One attendee said they even “moved utilize the City Lake Reservoir area. to be near the • One response requested special trail!” consideration for motorcycle riders and suggest that they utilized some existing trails. • An email response noted that they often travel out of the area to find safer places to ride their bikes and expressed a general frustration with the area’s trail options. • Concern about paving the Larry Scott Trail • Interest in making trail safe for families • Steep hills may be challenging for some • Consider how nearby home-owners might access the trail without having to travel on the highway • Shuttle service suggested to create a temporary connection for users.

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Extensive field evaluation was made by the team and trail advocates.

24 NOT USED

EXISTING CONDITIONS

DRAFT 11/12/2018 25 Image source: Alta Planning + Design OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

2.1 REVIEW OF BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS

Jefferson County Comprehensive improvements within a shared road or Plan former railroad right-of-way alignment, such as the Olympic Discovery Trail (ODT) Consistent with the requirements of the within the former right-of-way of the Seattle Growth Management Act, Jefferson County’s & North Coast Railroad (S&NCRR), to the former 2004 Comprehensive Plan included extent amenable to adjoining property the following language: owners and as necessary to complete access. The vision for the Larry Scott Memorial Trail is to provide future generations i. Locate multipurpose trails as separate with a safe, non-motorized recreation and improvements within easements across transportation corridor connecting Port public and private lands, such as extending Townsend with rural Jefferson County. As the Olympic Discovery Trail across proposed, the route extends approximately Department of Natural Resources and Pope seven miles from the Port of Port Resources timberlands and Department Townsend Boat Haven to Four Corners of Fish and Wildlife shoreline properties, Road. The long-term vision is to extend the where private property owners are in trail to Discovery Bay and eventually to agreement and environmental affects are 1 points further west. addressed.2

In accordance with this stated vision, the The County Non-Motorized Transportation & Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan Recreational Plan, also included the following formerly included specific trail plans description of multipurpose trails: that bypassed SR 20. The current 2018 Comprehensive Plan, consistent with the Multipurpose trails may be developed Growth Management Act, refers to Goals to link major environmental assets, park and Policies for trails and refers to the Parks and recreational facilities, community & Recreation Open Space Plan, updates centers, and historical features throughout adopted in 2015. Jefferson County and with adjacent jurisdictions. Generally, multipurpose trails Jefferson County Non-Motorized may be developed to provide for one or Transportation & Recreational Trails more modes of recreational and commuter Plan travel including hiking, biking, equestrian, and other non-motorized trail uses where In 2010, the County Non-Motorized appropriate. Transportation & Recreational Plan was updated, and included the following To the extent possible, multipurpose language under the heading 8.1 Multipurpose trails may be developed within corridors trails: separate from vehicular or other motorized forms of transportation. For c. Develop multipurpose trail systems example, multipurpose trails may be that connect to major destinations across located on former railroad alignments, county and state jurisdictional lines, such utility easements or in separate property as the Olympic Discovery Trail and the alignments. In some instances, the trail Pacific Northwest Trail. may be developed as an improvement within the right-of-way of established h. Develop multipurpose trails as separate vehicular or other transportation corridors.

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Typically, multipurpose trails may be south end of Discovery Bay, and US-101. developed in accordance with Washington Optional routes include utility easements State Department of Transportation and old railroad grade. (WSDOT) and American Association of • 1e ODT – Forest and Lakes Route: Four State Highway & Transportation Officials Corners - Anderson Lake State Park (AASHTO) guidelines. Multipurpose trails – Multipurpose trail from Four Corners may provide 2-way travel on asphalt, very south on utility easements and across fine crushed rock, compact dirt, or other forestland to Anderson Lake State Park. base of varying widths. The trails may be usable by all age and skill groups, and • 1f ODT – Forest and Lakes Route: handicap accessible. 3 Anderson Lake – Discovery Bay – Multipurpose trail from Anderson Lake The County Non-Motorized Transportation State Park south on utility easements, & Recreational Plan specifically described forestlands, and county roads to US-101 at four route alternatives for a multipurpose trail the south end of Discovery Bay. 4 from Four Corners Road to Discovery Bay (Figure 2.1.1): • 1c ODT – Utility Route: Four Corners to Anderson Lake Road – Multipurpose trail from Four Corners south on utility easements parallel to SR-20 to Anderson Lake Road. • 1d ODT – Utility Route: Anderson Lake Road to Discovery Bay– Multipurpose trail from Anderson Lake Road on optional routes to Fairmount Road, the

FIGURE 2.1.1 PROPOSED TRAILS AND TRAIL CONNECTIONS Jefferson County Comprehensive Plan. LEGEND Existing 1a ODT - Larry Scott Memorial Trail

Proposed 1b ODT - Larry Scott Memorial Trail - Extension 1c ODT - Utility Route to Anderson Lake Road 1d ODT - Utility Route to Discovery Bay 1e Forest and Lakes Route to Anderson Lake State Park 1f ODT - Forest and Lakes Route to Discovery Bay 1g ODT - Discovery Bay to Clallam County.

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Jefferson County Zoning Jefferson County 2019-2024 Transportation Improvement Plan Zoning in the ODT-E study (Figure 2.1.2) area includes Neighborhood Commercial, Jefferson County’s 2019-2024 Transportation Rural Residential, Parks/Preserves/ Improvement Plan (TIP), adopted on Recreation, Rural and Industrial Forest, and November 5, 2018 includes the South Airport classifications. Multi-use trails are a Discovery Bay to Larry Scott Trail Olympic permitted use in all of these classifications. Discovery Trail (ODT) - Connection, described as::

“Complete a preferred route report, begin PS&E development, SEPA, and right-of-way appraisal and acquisition.”5 Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan FIGURE 2.1.2 ZONING In 2002, the Jefferson County Commissioners adopted the Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan. The plan included the following provisions in regards to trail systems: • a: Create a comprehensive system of multipurpose off-road trails using alignments through former MSP&P Railroad, Pope Resources, WSDOT, DNR, and USFS landholdings as well as cooperating private properties where appropriate. • b: Create a comprehensive system of on-road bicycle routes for commuter, recreational, and touring enthusiasts using scenic, collector, and local road rights-of-way and alignments throughout Port Townsend and Jefferson County, and between Jefferson, Clallam, and Kitsap Counties.6

The 2015 Update of the Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan states:

The Olympic Discovery Trail will extend from the end of the Larry Scott Trail at Four Corners on SR 20 around the southern end of Discovery Bay to Clallam County. 7

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Other City, County, State and Federal ENDNOTES Trails 1 Jefferson County.Open Space, Parks and Recreation, and Historic Preservation Element. 2004. https:// Jefferson County’s Parks, Recreation & Open www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/664/ Chapter-6---Open-Space-Parks-and-Recreation-and- Space Plan Update 2015 describes its plans Historic-Preservation-Element-PDF for the Rick Tollefsen Trail between Hadlock 8 2 Jefferson County.Non-Motorized Transportation and H.J. Carroll Park. The Rick Tollefsen & Recreational Trails. 2010. https://www.co.jefferson. Trail is now complete and once the ODT-E is wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/960/Chapter-8---Goals- and-Objectives-PDF completed, the Rick Tollefsen Trail could link to the Olympic Discovery Trail at Anderson 3 Jefferson County.Non-Motorized Transportation & Recreational Trails. 2010. https://www.co.jefferson. Lake State Park. wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/961/Chapter-91---Multi- Purpose-Trails-PDF The ODT-Eaglemount connection could also 4 Jefferson County.Non-Motorized Transportation connect to trails, now in the conceptual stage, & Recreational Trails. 2010. https://www.co.jefferson. wa.us/DocumentCenter/View/961/Chapter-91---Multi- from the Hood Canal Bridge which in turn Purpose-Trails-PDF could connect to Kitsap County’s “String 5 Jefferson County.2019-2024 6-Year TIP. 2018. of Pearls” trail system and on to other state https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/DocumentCenter/ trails to the east and south. 9 View/6752/2019-2024-TIP-Project-List-Only- ADOPTED?bidId= This section of SR 20 has been designated 6 Jefferson County.Parks, Recreation & Open Space Plan. 2002.https://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/ as link in the Pacific Northwest National DocumentCenter/View/684/Parks-Recreation-and- 10 Scenic Trail (PNNST) which connects east Open-Space-Plan-PDF to Whidbey Island via the Port Townsend 7 Jefferson County.Jefferson County Parks, Recreation ferry and south to the Olympic National Park. & Open Space Plan Update 2015. 2015. countyrec.com/ forms/6081_final_draft_jefferson_co_pros_062915_ The same section has been identified as the final.pdf Olympic Discovery Trail’s (ODT) connection 8 Jefferson County.Jefferson County Parks, Recreation from the head of Discovery Bay to the Larry & Open Space Plan Update 2015. 2015. countyrec.com/ Scott Memorial Trail from Port Townsend. 11 forms/6081_final_draft_jefferson_co_pros_062915_ final.pdf 9 Bozeman, Cary and Springgate, Lee. Port Gamble’s Kitsap Forest and Bay Project. 2015.wshg.net/ featured/2015-05-14/port-gambles-kitsap-forest-and- bay-project/ 10 Pacific Northwest Trail Association.Pacific Northwest Trail Maps. https://www.pnt.org/pnta/maps/ 11 Peninsula Trails Coalition. Olympic Discovery Trail Route. 2018. https://olympicdiscoverytrail.org/explore/ interactive-map/

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2.2 SITE CHARACTER

Quimper Peninsula Glaciation

The Quimper Peninsula is a narrow Within the ODT-E study area, evidence of peninsula forming the most northeastern glaciation can be found in large glacial erratics extent of the Olympic Peninsula of (granite boulders), scoured bedrock outcrops, Washington state. The peninsula is glacial outwash soils, and the long north/ named after the Spanish explorer Manuel south ridges so visible in the LiDAR landform Quimper. The Quimper Peninsula is the mapping used as a base for many maps in this most economically developed and densely report. The resulting landforms are long steep populated part of Jefferson county with ridges reaching over 900 feet in elevation at Port Townsend as the only incorporated Eaglemount summit overlooking City Lake city. The communities of Cape George, Port (elev. ~610ft) and often varies by hundreds of Hadlock, Irondale, and Chimacum are on the feet vertically within very short distances. In peninsula south of Port Townsend.1 fact, the topography of the region has defined travel patterns throughout human habitation Chimacum, just south of Port Hadlock and and recorded history. three miles east of Discovery Bay, was the location of the Chem-a-kum tribe.2 The From clearings on the ridges and highpoints S’Klallam people living in the Discovery dramatic panoramic views can be found Bay area are represented by the Jamestown of the Straits of Juan de Fuca, the Olympic S’Klallam Tribe.3 Mountains, the Cascade Range and the surrounding landscape.

Views from the ridges. Geology The vegetation of the region includes commercially valuable second and third Thick brush in project area. The Olympic Peninsula is a relatively newer growth coniferous and deciduous forests, piece of the west cost with the oldest rocks occasional old growth trees, modest meadows approximately 50 million years ago. The and prairies, and wetlands typical of the intersection of piece’s of the earth’s crust, northeastern edge of the Olympic Peninsula. erosion of water, and advancing and retreating In some places, thick underbrush and dense of ice sheets formed the peninsula.4 commercial tree plantations can result in entirely enclosed forests with no views.

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As a factor in multi-use trail planning, the State Route 20 terrain, geology, soils and vegetation of the study area provide great opportunities Washington State Route 20 is a two-lane “That was the highway with approximately 6,000 average for scenic enjoyment, interpretation, and most terrifying resource enhancement. The existing annual daily traffic and a posted speed limit conditions also present challenges in steep of 50 miles per hour. The curving roadway piece of highway slopes, slope stability, and blocked views. has minimal to no shoulders, guardrails and advisory speeds in some sections of 35 miles I can honestly per hour. SR20 is centered in a right-of-way say I’ve ever that varies from 60’ to 100’ wide. Much of the road right-of-way in the study area includes ridden, and I’ve very steep side hills with cliffs or extreme ridden in New slopes adjacent above and/or below the roadway. The right-of way for SR 20 is too Zealand, Mexico, narrow to allow for a sufficiently separated U.S., Europe … path or trail facility. Even if a trail could in some way be constructed next to the highway You’ve got a bad with a series of very-expensive walls and ditch and you’ve bridges, it would not provide an experience ENDNOTES comparable to that provided throughout the got the road … rest of the Olympic Discovery Trail in terms 1 Wikipedia. Quimper Peninsula. https://en.wikipedia. I’m surprised org/wiki/Quimper_Peninsula of user experience, safety and immersion in the natural environment. On-road 2 McClay, Daryl C. Jefferson county. 2005. http://www. there aren’t more designation is not a suitable alternative in historylink.org/File/7472 accidents and 3 Hartmann, Glenn and Montgomery, Marcia, Cultural the SR 20 right-of-way. In addition, feedback Resource Consultants, Inc. Technical Memo 1120F-1a. received from the public indicated a general fatalities on this 2011. negative desire for the Olympic Discovery 4 Clark, Welden and Clark, Virginia, The Dungeness Trail - Eaglemount (ODT-E) to be included road. … I thought River Audubon Center. Geology of the Olympic Peninsula. 2015. http://dungenessrivercenter.org/park/ within the SR 20 right-of-way due to safety I was going to climate/geology-of-the-olympic-peninsula and overall user experience. die. I’m not over- exaggerating, I thought this is, this is, my moment.”

Two Port Townsend residents

State Route 20 has a posted speed limit of 50 mph but many vehicles may travel faster.

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FIGURE 2.3.1 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

C SNAGSTEAD K M A A P B L A IN A A P R EC YC T REST L P E I O IN FF I New Jefferson County NT

G R

E A

E O B WOODLAND Transit RegionalPARKRIDGE R ENGEL G K

C E L A A R L B Facility w/ park-and- R 20 Y R I S AIR D ALDRICH C POR G O T E ride and bike barn.V T I T CUB E T W R AIRPORT CUTOFF ST JAMES A Y I R L R

C T SPEC O S Four PR I

DISCOVERY L W

Existing trail I

L M Corners HILTO Steep BEATTIE N below powerline FOUR CORNERS RD. slopes. CREEKVIEW SWANEY maintains open KINKAID LLAMA

H T view 8

10TH ADELMA BEACH ADELMA

9TH State Route 20 is a curving, high-speed roadway without Forest management RHODY adequate accommodations for Legend areas. KENNEDY Natural Features trail users.

Body of water KEYSTONE Wetlands Erosion Hazard Old RR alignment 20 SOMMERVILLE Unstable Slope LILLIAN E Landslide Hazard N has passed out of G E High Landslide Hazard Wetland buffering and Parks and Preserves public ownership mitigation required. A

OLALLA E R I COHO Roads and Trails E and is prone to M A Exis�ng ODT L A Major Roads M landslides and U T Minor Roads E ANDERSON

DISCOVERY BAY SHIKA LAKE STATE erosion. PARK

ANDERSON LAKE RD.

CHERRY

BLAZE

R Homes and E

N I D Anderson Lake D N R A A shellfishL farmG L HONEYMOONO H D is a destination. L E

O K on old RR grade A High points provideL

E along shore. S sweeping views. N Forest management U 101 S rail areas. T ry e v co 20 is D ic p m ly O Curving & steep

E Discovery RMOUNT J FAI O highway. R

MCNEIL Bay T

E Municipal drinking water N S A U V

O R G protection concerns.

Existing utilities may BENTL EY Steep require structural and N AY slopes. LOR security improvements. WINDRIDG CREEK Forest management E areas.

UNCAS B GIBBS S LAKE

L A COUNTY PARK K E 101 E K A L TE SI W EAGLEMOUNT BEAU

Steep slopes (and T

W V

C L

O cliffs), unstable soils, E

Y F F Wetland buffering and erosion hazards and County owned mitigation required. O L D park. LIND E landslide hazards are A

O typical.

D I

N H U

O Y

B R

H R E EGG AND I T B R P O E MILES CENTER WOODSTOVE T N

E 1 R 1.0 S 0 0.5 0

1 O

- N 4 0 104 1 CASTILLO

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2.3 OPPORTUNITIES AND The current link in the Olympic Discovery Trail CONSTRAINTS across the study area follows over 7 miles of The team used Jefferson County Geospatial State Route 20. Information Systems (GIS) data for land use, ownership, natural and cultural resources and hazards to map opportunities and constraints to trail construction in the study area (Figure 2.3.1). Opportunities to link the trail to other natural resources such as parks were indicated on this mapping as well. Roadways are included to show possible connections. Wetland areas are included for consideration of both the opportunities for views and other recreational opportunities State Route 20 has very narrow shoulders not as well as the possible limitations they may suitable for equestrian and require to trail development. Additional field pedestrian use, and unsafe work was conducted to provide more fine- for people riding bicycles. grained evaluation in limited areas.

The study area includes large tracts of private and public commercial forest. Coordinating trail alignment with forest management practices is a key consideration in selecting a recommended alignment.

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opposite: Fairmount Road, at the southwestern end of the study area is a low- volume local road.

34 NOT USED

ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES

DRAFT 11/12/2018 35 Image source: Alta Planning + Design OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 3.1.1 ALIGNMENT OPTIONS

L a r r y S c o tt Port Authority T ra Port il Port Jeﬀ Co S Discovery Road Transit Fire District Four Adelma Corners Fou A Jeﬀerson r de C

Beach lma o Co PUD rn

R e

e rs ac R

ad R

o ad

Pope

g Pope

h t

r City of Port o Townsend Somerville

Anderson Lake State Park y

a Pope B

y r

e v Anderson Lake o Anderson Lake c Woodmans State Park s i Road Anderson Lake D t n M o e on C re m ek g Pope e S ) l te a v ri p a ( d a o r R

e t k DNR a

t n e s

u Ce S Pope

S u n s e t

t C n r e e Sou Segm e th k

Sunset Lake ail Tr Moon ry Lake

iscove D ic p m ly O Fairmount City of Port Discovery F nt Road ai ou rm airm Townsend o F 20 u SR n h t Pope c

Junction H l

i l l R d Woodman-Fairmount Road u G City ad o e R n t i Lake n M u o m r i a F

Grouse Lane

d a 20 SR o Pope R

l Pope l M i

H o a Salmon Creek

Uncas O

l y

H i in

Snow Creek g

S R

1 Bentley Place

0 nd Water L 1 E Uncas Road N e ns Pope Pope w Gibbs To Lake ort P County Park

a g l e m

o u Gibbs Beausite n Pope t Lake Lake

R o a Delanty d Lake

Key Exis�ng Trail Alignment A Alignment B Alignment C

40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi

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3.1 ALIGNMENT OPTIONS

More than 100 miles of potential alignments South Segment: Options A through C were explored by the project team, client, or advocates, in search of the optimum This group of alternatives provide access connections. between Eaglemount Road and the end of the previously designed extension of the The alternatives mapped and evaluated in Olympic Discovery Trail on the southwest this study represent a shortlist of contiguous side of Discovery Bay. The options use segments that connect the main destinations, county and state road ROW, commercial providing a way to compare and ultimately forest, and rural residential parcels. select a recommended alignment for further study, acquisition and design. 3.2 ALIGNMENT EVALUATION

The potential alignments were divided into Alignment selection criteria were segments, which traverse between four developed in response to the grant funding destinations: The Larry Scott Trail, Anderson requirements, county policies, and trail Lake State Park, Eaglemount Road and the design guidelines. The selection criteria were ODT at Salmon Creek. These alignment based on the following considerations: options are illustrated in Figure 3.1.1. • Space to build a multi-use trail, generally separated from traffic, suitable for people North Segment: Options A through C riding bicycles, equestrians and people walking. This group of alignments are alternatives that provide access between the Larry Scott • Favor public agency lands, and roadway Trail at its terminus at Milo Curry Road and utility rights-of-way Trailhead through Anderson Lake State Park • To minimize impacts and the need to Anderson Lake Road. Trails would be for mitigation for impacts to protected improved within Anderson Lake State Park resources in a separate design exercise conforming • Observe wetland and stream permitting, to Washington State Parks practices. The and mitigation policies options use state and county road ROW, Jefferson Transit Authority and Jefferson • Minimize construction on unstable slopes County Public Utility District properties, and soils Washington State Parks, and residential and • Avoid shoreline and in-water impacts commercial forest parcels. • Avoid the need for the county to exercise the right of eminent domain for right-of- Central Segment: Options A through C way acquisition This group of alternatives provide access • Work closely with commercial forest between Anderson Lake State Park and operators to identify alignments with the Eaglemount Road traversing commercial and least impact on forest operations private forest land, City of Port Townsend • Minimize potential for visual intrusion or property, county road ROW, Washington access inconvenience to neighboring land State Parks, WA State Department of Natural uses Resources parcels, and rural residential parcels.

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A matrix was developed based on the goals • Length (relative length of segment) and objectives, and the priorities defined • Land Use (conflicts with existing uses – in the project scope to identify the critical residential, commercial, agriculture, forest elements of the alignment options for each management, permitted hunting, etc.) segment. Table 3.2.2 displays how each of the alignments rated for each of these criteria. • User Experience (scenic views, access/connections to destinations, Criteria: environmental conditions of trail (sun/ shade/wind direction/noise) • Safety (roadway crossings, length on or adjacent to roadways, off-highway) • Vertical Change (relative elevation change) • Right-of-Way Acquisition (existing public land, private ownerships that have Areas Eliminated from Consideration expressed interest in cooperation, private ownerships that have express lack of Areas eliminated from consideration exhibit support, private ownership with unknown some level of encroachment on these criteria interest in development of the trail) that the project team does not believe can be effectively mitigated, or a resulting alignment • Environmental Impacts (conflict with alternative would be clearly inferior in one noted environmental constraints landslide or more ways to other alternatives under hazard, steep slope, wetland, streams or consideration. open water, etc.) • Accessibility for people with mobility As described in section 2.1, State Route 20 challenges (slope of the trail and and its shoulders are not suitable for the trail. suitability of use by mobility devices) The curving, narrow, uphill stretch of SR 20 at Eaglemount is not possible for horsemen, • Cost (need for bridges, tunnels, retaining strollers, mobility impaired persons using walls, constructibility) walkers or wheelchairs, rollerbladers, etc.

right: Fog line painted near edge of pavement on SR 20.

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left: Eroded shoreline at former rail alignment.

right: SR 104 south of the study area. (image: Google Streetview)

“As a Washington State Patrol sergeant that supervises troopers in Jefferson County, Old railbed alignment along Discovery Bay The “long way around” (via Four Corners/ I wholeheartedly water’s edge: This area was eliminated for Rhody/West Valley/Center Roads and support the study multiple reasons. Much of the old rail bed Routes 104/101): This alignment has been and development of between Anderson Lake Road and Fairmount eliminated from further consideration for Road has been degraded and eroded and is two primary reasons: the overall route such a recreational prone to further erosion and other hazards, distance is excessively long (19 miles) trail. My troopers including flooding. Tidal scouring affects without significant interim destinations regularly patrol this shoreline, requiring significant fill and to justify the length of the route. It would SR 20 often armoring to restore and reinforce the grade. increase the time commitment by trail users Work and fill would be required in Discovery without a significant increase of experiential observing cars, Bay necessitating complex permitting and opportunities. Secondly, trail in this logging trucks, mitigation. Following abandonment of the alignment would be placed on or adjacent loaded chip trucks, railroad in the 1980’s the entire right-of- to high-speed, high-volume roadways and motorhomes, way reverted to abutting land owners or shoulders. This alignment would significantly other right-of-way title holders who have increase safety risk, including more than 120 trucks with trailers, incorporated the property into residential driveways and road crossings, and diminish etc, trying to development. Several of the parcels have user experience throughout the journey. navigate SR20 residences or other structures constructed on over Eaglemount them. Acquisition, permitting, construction while dealing with and maintenance complications are prohibitive. bicyclers, hikers, and oncoming traffic. I myself was assigned to patrol SR 20 often so I know firsthand how dangerous it is…”

Sergeant John Ryan, Washington State Patrol, Port Angeles Detachment

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TABLE 3.2.1 ALIGNMENT OPTIONS EVALUATION CRITERIA

Title Description Less suitable Suitable Desirable Excellent

Most Many Some Least Roadway crossings, length crossings &/ crossings &/ crossings &/ crossings &/ Safety of exposure to driveways & or roadway or roadway or roadway or roadway roadways sections sections sections sections

Existing public land or private Most private, Public & Most public ROW & Private, land (Length through private unknown or private, land / ROW, Acquisition interested ownership) uninterested interested fewest private

Conflict with noted Many Some Environmental environmental constraints constraints constraints Limited Fewest Impact (landslide hazard, steep slope, requiring that can be constraints constraints wetlands, etc.) mitigation mitigation

Accessibility Extreme Moderate for People Access & suitability for people measures to measures Flat or short Long climbs with Mobility using mobility devices achieve ADA required climbs Challenges (rock cutting) (switchbacks)

Some Need for bridges, More than Very difficult additional Cost tunnels, retaining walls - one difficult Clear sailing conditions construction constructibility situation required

Longest Moderately Moderately Shortest Length Relative length of segment segment long segment short segment segment

Conflict with existing uses Conflicts Conflicts with Conflicts with Fewest (residential, commercial, with land use many land some land Land Use conflicts with utilities, forest management, that can't be uses that can uses that can other uses hunting, ORV, etc.) mitigated be mitigated be mitigated

Scenic Views, Access/ connections to destinations, Handsome Great route & User Experience environmental conditions Least pleasant No drama passage destinations of trail (shade, sun, wind direction, noise)

Moderate Some Least Relative elevation change. Most elevation Vertical Change elevation elevation elevation Feet of climbing change change change change

40 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

41 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019 TABLE 3.2.2 ALIGNMENTS EVALUATION North Segment

Title Description A B C A B C A B C 3 crossings 2 crossings (Eaglemount, 3 crossings (Anderson Lake & SR-20, Fairmount (Eaglemount, 2 crossings (SR-20 2 crossings 2 crossings (SR-20 1 crossing Roadway crossings, length 1 crossing 1 crossing Eaglemount Rd), Rd), 2.7 miles SR-20, Fairmount), & 4 Corners Rd), (Discovery Rd & & 4 Corners Rd), (Anderson Lake (Anderson Lake 6.6 miles along along Eaglemount, 1.5 miles along (Eaglemount Rd), Safety of exposure to driveways & 0.5 miles along SR-20), 0.6 miles on 1.3 miles along Rd), 0.5 miles along Rd), 0.2 miles along Gibbs Lake, W. Woodman- Eaglemount, 1.1 miles along roadways Discovery & 4 Adelma Bch Rd & Discovery & 4 Grouse Ln Eaglemount Rd Valley, W. Egg & I, Fairmount, Fairmount Hill, Eaglemount, E. Corners RdW along SR-20 Corners Rd Eaglemount, Old Fairmount Hill, Fairmount Rd, SR- Uncas Rd, US-101 Eaglemount Rd Fairmount Rd, SR- 20, US-101 20, US-101 County, WSDOT, County, City of County, City of County, State Park, County, WSDOT, County, WSDOT, Existing public land or private County, WSDOT, County, WSDOT, Port Townsend, Port Townsend, DNR, 2.9 miles WDFW, 1.65 WDFW, 2.1 miles ROW & JTA, JPUD, State State Park, 1.85 JTA, State Park, County, WSDOT, land (Length through private Park, 2.45 miles State Park, DNR, State Park, DNR, within 1 to 7 private miles within 2 within 6 private Acquisition miles within 2 1.55 miles within 3 WDFW ownership) within 2 private 1.2 miles within 1 2.6 miles 2 within owners of unknown private owners, 1 of owners, 5 of owners private owners private owners private owner private owners interest unknown interest unknown interest Conflict with noted Environmen- environmental constraints Many: landslide Many: steep slope, Many: steep slope, Many: steep slope, Many: landslide Many: landslide Some: steep slope, Fewest constraints Some: steep slope, hazard, steep slope, wetland, fish hazard, steep slope, hazard, steep slope, tal Impact (landslide hazard, steep slope, wetland, stream wetland, stream wetland, stream wetland, stream wetland, stream bearing stream wetland, stream wetland, stream wetlands, etc.)

Accessibility for People Access & suitability for people Moderate Moderate Extreme measures Does not achieve Does not achieve Moderate measures required Fewest constraints measures required Long Climbs to achieve ADA ADA (follows Long climbs ADA (follows measures required with Mobility using mobility devices (switchback) (switchback) (cut rock) existing roads) existing roads) (switchback) Challenges

Very difficult: More difficult: cross Very difficult: cross More difficult: cross More difficult: cross cross road, bridge, Very difficult: cross Very difficult: cross Very difficult: cross Need for bridges, Very difficult: cross highway & road, highway & road, highway & road, highway & road, retaining wall, road, retaining wall, road, retaining wall, retaining wall, bridge, retaining highway & road, tunnels, retaining walls - road, retaining security fence, cut cliff, cross fish cross fish bearing retaining wall, Cost retaining wall, wall, tunnel under retaining wall, cross fish bearing wall, cross fish constructibility cross stream, cross cross stream, cross cross fish bearing bearing stream, stream, wetland stream, cross bearing stream, cross stream, cross wetland highway wetland stream, wetland wetland cross cross wetland cross wetland cross wetland

Moderately short, Moderately short, Moderately short, Moderately long, Moderately short, Moderately short, Length Relative length of segment 3.9 miles 3.7 miles 4.0 miles Shortest 3.4 miles 5.3 miles Longest, 11.1 miles Shortest, 2.7 miles 3.3 miles 3.4 miles

Conflict with existing uses residential, (residential, commercial, commercial, forest, residential, forest, residential, residential, forest, residential, forest, residential, forest, residential, forest, residential, forest, Land Use utilities, hunting, commercial, forest, greater # of utilities fewer # of utilities hunting residential utilities, hunting utilities, hunting utilities, forest management, utilities, hunting, ORV hunting, ORV hunting, ORV, etc.) ORV Handsome & Handsome route & Great: Eaglemount Handsome: great views: Snow great destination: Handsome route & Least pleasant but great destination: No drama & summit, Discovery great destination: Discovery Bay No drama: Creek Valley, Scenic Views, Access/ Anderson Lake Anderson Lake great destination: Great: Discovery Bay & Olympic views, Roads: Discovery Bay Olympic Mountain connections to destinations, State Park, Gibbs Lake Park, User State Park, Adelma Anderson Lake Bay & Olympic Mountain views, Roads: Gibbs Lake, Eaglemount, views, Roads: & Discovery Bay environmental conditions Discovery & Beach Rd, SR- State Park, Mountain views, Eaglemount historic Woodman- Eaglemount, views, Eaglemount Experience 4 Corners Rd, W. Valley, W. Egg of trail (shade, sun, wind 20, 0.4 miles Discovery & Grouse Ln, Rd, 0.9 miles Fairmount, Fairmount Hill, & E. Uncas Rd, 1.1 miles view woodland view preserved & I, Eaglemount, Fairmount Hill, Fairmount, SR-20, US-101, 0.6 miles direction, noise) preserved under view preserved 4 Corners Rd, Old Eaglemount, under powerline, woodland under powerline, woodland Fairmount, SR-20, US-101, woodland view preserved powerline, woodland woodland US-101 under powerline, woodland woodland Vertical Relative elevation change. Feet Some elevation Some elevation Least elevation Least elevation Most elevation Moderate elevation Least elevation Some elevation Most elevation Change of climbing change (280 feet) change (300 feet) change (210 feet) change (400 feet) change (570 feet) change (520 feet) change (490 feet) change (590 feet) change (740 feet)

42 Key Less suitable Suitable Desirable Excellent OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

Central Segment South Segment

43 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

opposite: Commercial forest in the heart of the study area.

44 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

RECOMMENDED ALIGNMENTS

45 Image source: Alta Planning + Design OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.1.1 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS

L a r r y S c o tt Port Authority T ra Port il Port Jeﬀ Co S Discovery Road Transit Fire District Four Adelma Corners Fou A Jeﬀerson r de C

Beach lma o Co PUD rn

R e

e rs ac R

ad R

o ad

Pope

g Pope

h t

r City of Port o Townsend Somerville

Anderson Lake State Park y

a Pope B

y r

e v Anderson Lake o Anderson Lake c Woodmans State Park s i Road Anderson Lake D t n M o e on C re m ek g Pope e S ) l te a v ri p a ( d a o r R

e t k DNR a

t n e s

u Ce S Pope

S u n s e t

t C n r e e Sou Segm e th k

Sunset Lake ail Tr Moon ry Lake

iscove D ic p m ly O Fairmount City of Port Discovery F nt Road ai ou rm airm Townsend o F 20 u SR n h t Pope c

Junction H l

i l l R d Woodman-Fairmount Road u G City ad o e R n t i Lake n M u o m r i a F

Grouse Lane

d a 20 SR o Pope R

l Pope l M i

H o a Salmon Creek

Uncas O

l y

H i in

Snow Creek g

S R

1 Bentley Place

0 nd Water L 1 E Uncas Road N e ns Pope Pope w Gibbs To Lake ort P County Park

a g l e m

o u Gibbs Beausite n Pope t Lake Lake

R o a Delanty d Lake

Key Exis�ng Trail Alignment A Alignment B Alignment C

40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi

46 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

4.1 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS

The recommended alignments for the Challenges along this alignment include Olympic Discovery Trail - Eaglemount deep ravines and fish bearing streams (ODT-E) will carry visitors between 10 and requiring bridges, boardwalks and 18 miles from the end of the Larry Scott Trail mitigation at wetlands, and retaining walls at Milo Curry Road to the existing ODT and switchbacks on steep hills. Utility at Discovery Bay. These routes avoid most improvements may be necessary that of the winding high-speed State Route 20, are not currently in agency work plans, carrying people walking, riding bicycles, and coordination and acquisition will be and riding horses through wooded areas, to necessary to harmonize with public and stunning scenic vistas, through a quiet state private forest management practices. park, and along some of the region’s iconic The route will not be flat, but it could be waterfront resources. accessible to people using wheelchairs and other mobility assistance. It will be a pleasant This study identifies three routes that passage for all including people walking demonstrate the feasibility of the ODT-E the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail connection, pending right-of-way acquisition. to Olympic National Park, or bicyclists The Washington State Recreation and traversing cross county and equestrians Conservation Office (RCO) provided funding patching together a route across the region. for this study and acquisition. Acquiring trail right-of-way will conform to RCO guidelines, The experiences, panoramic views, beautiful including acquisition from willing sellers woodlands, and a safe and pleasant passage only.1 Location of available right-of-way may make the challenges worth facing. The be the primary determination of the final trail solutions are not common nor without alignment. significant cost. This section summarizes the recommended alignments and presents a realistic and comprehensive opinion of the range of property acquisition.

left: Potential views from the ODT-E trail

47 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.1.2 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS: NORTH SEGMENT

L a r r y S c o Port Authority T ra Port il Port Key Jeﬀ Co S Discovery Road Transit Fire District Existing Trail Four Alignment A Adelma Corners Fou A Jeﬀerson r Alignment B Beach del Co m r a Co PUD n

R e

e rs ac R

Alignment C h

o Road ad A B 40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi Pope

Pope

Pope C

a City of Port Somerville B Townsend

r Anderson Lake State e Park

o Pope

s i

Anderson Lake Woodmans Anderson Lake State Park

Road Anderson Lake

M o on C re ek Pope

) te a v ri p ( d a o R e k DNR

Pope

S u n s e t

Sunset Lake Moon Lake

City of Port Townsend

Grouse Lane OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.1.2 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS: NORTH SEGMENT North Segment A short sidepath adjacent In partnership with WA State Parks, this to Four Corners Road could segment will be built first as a natural make a connection between extension of the Larry Scott Trail. multi-use trails.

Options A & C for the northern segment of the ODT-E begin at the Milo Curry Road trailhead for the Larry Scott Trail. A sidepath on the north side of Discovery Road in county road right-of-way connects to State Route 20 at Four Corners. A pedestrian improvement should be built to cross SR 20. After crossing SR 20, Options A & C connects a trail to the existing Jefferson Transit regional facility with a bike barn and park & Forest management access ride, then onto a side path running east on roads could be used in some areas to reduce new the north side of 4 Corners Road. construction costs and impacts. Option A turns south across 4 Corners Road at a pedestrian improvement, then continues onto Jefferson PUD parcels and generally follows the powerlines south, turns east at the Quarter Section line across commercial forest land to Anderson Lake State Park.

Continuing east on a side path on the north side of 4 Corners Road, Option C turns

south at a pedestrian improvement to cross Existing trails in Anderson 4 Corners Road roughly at the Section line, Lake State Park can be and continues south reaching commercial improved to multi-use trail forest land, with switchbacks for slope, standards. and diversions to avoid wetlands, and onto Anderson Lake State Park

Option B leaves Milo Curry Trailhead, crossing South Discovery Road with a pedestrian improvement, proceeds south on Adelma Beach Road, traverses east over private parcels, crosses SR20 with a pedestrian improvement, follows SR20 south to commercial forest land and powerlines, continuing east across commercial forest land to Anderson Lake State Park. trail guidelines. A trailhead would be located within Anderson Lake State Park, with a Trails within Anderson Lake State Park crossing improvement at Anderson Lake should be improved to meet ODT multi-use Road.

49 y

e OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNTv FINAL REPORT | 2019 o

s FIGURE i4.1.3 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS: D

CENTRAL SEGMENT Anderson Lake Woodmans Anderson Lake Key State Park Exis�ng Trail on Lake Road Alignment A Anders

M Alignment B o on C re Alignment C ek Pope 40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi ) te a v ri p ( d a o R e k DNR

Pope

S u n s e t

Sunset A Lake Moon Lake B

City of Port Townsend 0 SR 2 Pope City Lake

Grouse Lane

Pope

C e in

nd Water L e ns Pope Pope w Gibbs To rt Lake o P County Park

a g l e m

o u Gibbs Beausite n t Lake Lake

R o a Delanty d Lake

50 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.1.3 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS: CENTRAL SEGMENT Central Segment Views from Sunset Ridge From the trailhead at Anderson Lake overlooking Discovery Bay. State Park, the multi-use trail options proceed south and west across Washington Department of Natural Resources forest land to commercial forest parcels. Option A follows the edge of the DNR parcel, climbs across commercial forest land and parallels an underground utility to a City of Port Townsend property accessed by Grouse Lane. Grouse Lane can be improved as a shared roadway or advisory shoulders.

Option B follows a route through the heart of the DNR parcel, crosses commercial forest Typical woodland in the central segment. land then makes a steep climb to the summit of Eaglemount before making a steep decent back to Eaglemount Road.

Option C crosses the heart of the DNR parcel before entering commercial forest land and heading south and east to Gibbs Lake County Park and Gibbs Lake Road. Option C follows a series of county roads west and north to Grouse Lane. This option adds access to Gibbs Lake County Park and significant on- road mileage. Grouse Lane provides access Challenges on the Central Segment include to Eaglemount Road at the wetlands, steep slopes, a deep ravine south end of the central requiring a bridge, fish bearing streams to Option A and B. be crossed, switchbacks and retaining walls and coordination with forest management practices.

Perhaps most challenging are the aging underground utility and providing security for the municipal water system in Option A that cuts a convenient path across the face of Eaglemount Hill. Structural and allow a new waterline to be installed at less security improvements are necessary to cost. The trail might then run along the old accommodate the construction of a multi- pipeline maintenance road where width and use trail and the introduction of additional grade allow. Cost sharing alternatives should users in this corridor. There is a possibility of be explored with the Water System. Close mutual benefits to the Water System and Trail coordination with the City of Port Townsend relating to the possible future replacement is required throughout the further planning, of the old steel waterline. A bench for a new design, funding, implementation and trail adjacent to the old waterline might operation of a multi-use trail in this vicinity. 51 y

OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019 B

s FIGURE 4.1.4 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS:i D SOUTH SEGMENT Woodmans

Road Anderson Lake

Pope

) te a v ri p ( d a o R e

Pope

S u n s e t

Sunset Lake il ra T y

over isc D ic p m ly O Fairmount City of Port Discovery F nt Road a u A ir mo Townsend m air o F 20 u SR n h t Pope c

Junction H l

i l l R d Woodman-Fairmount Road u G City ad o e R n t i Lake n M u o m r i a F

Grouse Lane

d a 20 SR o R

l Pope l M i

H o a Salmon Creek

Uncas O

l y

B e H i in

Snow Creek g

S R

1 Bentley Place

0 nd Water L 1 E Uncas Road N e ns Pope Pope w To rt o P

a g l e m

C o u n Pope t

R o a Delanty d Lake

Key Exis�ng Trail Alignment A Alignment B Alignment C

40ac 1000’ 1/2mi 1mi

52 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.1.4 RECOMMENDED TRAIL ALIGNMENTS: SOUTH SEGMENT South Segment Eaglemount Road.

From Grouse Lane at Eaglemount Road South Segment Option A runs north as a sidepath on the west side of Eaglemount Road to a crossing of State Route 20.

Option A follows a sidepath on the northside of SR 20 requiring a deep fill and/or retaining walls to widen the highway fill. A bridge at Mine Creek may be required.

The sidepath continues to a short segment of unvacated county road connecting to Woodman-Fairmout County Road and A sidepath on the left side Fairmount Hill Road. of this image will require grading. Shared Lane Markings on Fairmount Hill Road and advisory shoulders on Fairmount Road, make the connection to the previously designed ODT on the west and south shores of Discovery Bay.

The Washington State Department of Transportation is the key partner in Option A. Facilitation of the sidepath improvement, Mine Gulch crossing and SR 20 improvements are keys to the success, Fairmount Road is a low and the safety, of the whole ODT-E. key backroad with very little traffic. Options B and C cross Eaglemount Road and proceed west across commercial forest land. Option B Crosses SR 20 at Fairmount Hill Road and joins Option A.

Option C crosses commercial forest land to a powerline, descends to segments of Uncas Road and crosses SR20 near its junction with US 101 at Uncas.

ENDNOTES 1 WA State Recreation and Conservation Funding Board, Manual 3: Acquisition Projects, 2018 https:// www.rco.wa.gov/documents/manuals&forms/ manual_3_acq.pdf

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4.2 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

Multi-Use Trail Sections

The Olympic Discovery Trail - Eaglemount Design Guidelines (see Appendix A) describe the typical trail design recommendations. These guidelines were developed in compliance with the Peninsula Trails Coalitions trail design guidelines as well as other applicable federal, state and local trail guidelines. The recommended typical trail section (figure 4.2.1) includes a paved surface multi-use trail 12’ wide (10’ minimum in constrained locations). Where space permits 2’ gravel shoulders are shown on both sides and a separate but parallel natural surface equestrian trail with a width between 4’ and 6’, depending on site conditions.

Where site constraints prevent a separate equestrian trail, 4’-wide natural surface equestrian shoulder will be provided on one side of the trail. The opposite shoulder will be 1’ wide (figure 4.2.2).

A typical multi-use trail with adjacent equestrian tread. Banks Vernonia State Trail, Washington County, OR.

54 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.2.1 TYPICAL TRAIL SECTION

6’ (4’ min.) 2’ 12’ (10’ min.) 2’ Trail Soft Surface/ Multi-use Shoulder Shoulder Equestrian

FIGURE 4.2.2 TYPICAL TRAIL SECTION - CONSTRAINED CONDITIONS

4’ 12’ (10’ min.) 1’ Trail Soft Multi-use Surface/ Shoulder Equestrian

55 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

Side Path Shared lanes are regular roadways marked with the shared lane symbol (Figure 4.2.4) A side path is a paved separate multi-use trail indicating people on bicycles may occupy that is provided alongside a roadway (figure a whole vehicular lane. Pedestrians and 4.2.3). The path should be located a preferred equestrians are expected to use the shoulder minimum of 6.5’ and an absolute minimum or edge of the travel lane. This treatment of 5’ from the edge of the travel lane, with is appropriate when motor vehicle speeds distances varying based on available right-of are below 25 mph and volume below 3,000 way. AADT (FHWA Small Town and Rural Where offsets less than 5’ are provided Multimodal Networks Guide). between the sidepath and the road, Advisory shoulders are marked shoulders on crashworthy barriers may be required. a narrow road (Figure 4.2.5), where people Landscaping in the median between path on bicycles, pedestrians, and equestrians and road is encouraged to provide a buffer. can occupy a section of the road and people in cars are able to pass them in a single Shared Lanes and Advisory Shoulders vehicular lane. Where two vehicles must pass each other, they are allowed to cross into the In a few cases, segments of separated advisory shoulder temporarily to do so. This multi-use trail will be connected by on-road treatment is appropriate when motor vehicle segments. These segments will be located speeds are below 35 mph and volume below on very low volume backroads and will 6,000 AADT (STAR Guide). be improved as shared lanes or advisory shoulders.

FIGURE 4.2.3 TYPICAL TRAIL SECTION - SIDEPATH

4’ 12’ (10’ min.) 5’ min. path Shoulder Vegetated bu er Vehicular roadway Paved side Paved

56 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

FIGURE 4.2.4 TYPICAL TRAIL SECTION - SHARED LANE

12’ - 22’ Two-lane shared roadway

FIGURE 4.2.5 TYPICAL TRAIL SECTION - ADVISORY SHOULDER

6’ 10’ - 18’ 6’ Advisory shoulder two- Center travel way lane Advisory shoulder

57 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

Road Crossings beacon, rectangular rapid flashing beacons, pedestrian refuge islands, roadway striping Multi-use trail design should minimize new or changes in pavement texture. Signing for at-grade crossings wherever possible. In trail users may include a standard “STOP” most cases, at-grade trail crossings can be or “YIELD” sign, and pavement markings, designed to provide a reasonable degree combined with other features such as a bend of safety and can meet existing traffic and in the trail to slow bicyclists. safety standards. Care must be taken not to place too many Consideration must be given to adequate signs at crossings lest they begin to lose their warning distance based on vehicle speeds visual impact. and line of sight, with the visibility of signs absolutely critical. Directing the attention Refer to Appendix A: Design Guidelines for of motorists to roadway signs may require additional detail and guidance for typical additional alerting devices such as a flashing road crossings.

Trail crossings of busy roadways may justify signalization. This crossing includes a median in the roadway allowing trail users to cross only one direction of traffic at a time. Note the equestrian push button on the right.

58 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

4.3 RIGHT-OF-WAY SUMMARY

Typical of many rural areas, the study area is composed of many large parcels, natural resources, (largely forest management), large public lands and residential land uses, connected by public road and utility ROW. The Alignment Options Evaluation (Table 3.2.2) summarizes the miles of trail in private ownership for each alternative.

At more than 10 miles in length, the recommended alignments touch remarkably few parcels and even fewer land owners. The evaluation process favored parcels in public ownership, but was neutral toward state highway right-of-way. Table 4.3.1 summarizes the parcels, zoning, ownership and trail type for the recommended alignments.

A range of specific square feet of right-of-way necessary can be estimated subject to more detailed design of the alignment, further site analysis and coordination with the various owners (see Implementation).

59 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORTOwnership: | 2019 public private residential private forest Zoning: ROW Right-of-Way Park State Park TABLE 4.3.1 RIGHT OF WAY SUMMARYAL Agriculture Local CF Commercial Forest Key RF Rural Forest RR Rural Residential Trail Cross Ownership: public MUT Multi-Use Trail private residential Section: private forest SP Side Path Zoning: ROW Right-of-Way SL Shared Lane (25 MPH, 3,000 AADT) Park State Park AS Advisory Shoulder (35 MPH, 6,000 AADT) AL Agriculture Local CF Commercial Forest RF Rural Forest RR Rural Residential Trail Cross MUT Multi-Use Trail Section: Trail Cross Average Daily Segment Option Zoning Parcel # Parcel Owner Posted MPH SP Side Path Section Traffic SL SharedROW Lane (25 MPH, (S. Discovery 3,000 AADT) Rd) Jefferson County SP 2,973 35 AS AdvisoryROW Shoulder (35 MPH, SR-20 6,000 AADT) WSDOT Crossing 5,800 50 (35 advisory) Jefferson Transit RR 001332009 MUT - - Authority ROW (4 Corners Rd) Jefferson County SP 2,869 40 RR 001333014 JPUD MUT - - RR 001333037 JPUD MUT - - A RR 001333038 JPUD MUT - - RR undetermined private MUT - - RF undetermined private MUT - - CF 901042001 Pope Resources MUT - - CF 901041001 Pope Resources MUT - - RR 996200004 Pope Resources MUT - - Parks 901092002 WA State Parks MUT - - Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - -

ROW (S. Discovery Rd) Jefferson County Crossing 2,973 35 ROW (Adelma Beach Rd) Jefferson County SL 350 25 North RR undetermined private MUT - - RR undetermined private MUT - - B ROW SR-20 WSDOT Crossing 5,800 50 ROW SR-20 WSDOT SP 5,800 50 CF 901042001 Pope Resources MUT - - CF 901092001 Pope Resources MUT - - Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - -

ROW (S. Discovery Rd) Jefferson County SP 2,973 35 ROW SR-20 WSDOT Crossing 5,800 50 (35 advisory) Jefferson Transit RR 001332009 MUT - - Authority ROW (4 Corners Rd) Jefferson County SP 2,869 40 C RR undetermined private MUT - - RR undetermined private MUT - - CF 901041001 Pope Resources MUT - - CF 901041004 Pope Resources MUT - - RR 996200004 Pope Resources MUT - - Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - -

ROW (Anderson Lk Rd) Jefferson County Crossing 1,845 50 Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - - CF 901161005 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901162001 WA State DNR MUT - - RR undetermined private MUT - - Central A CF 901173002 Pope Resources MUT - - CF 901201001 Pope Resources MUT - - RR 901191006 City of Port Townsend MUT - - RR 901194001 City of Port Townsend MUT - - ROW (Grouse Ln) Jefferson County SL 20 20

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TABLE 4.3.1 RIGHT OF WAY SUMMARY (CON’T)

Trail Cross Average Daily Segment Option Zoning Parcel # Parcel Owner Posted MPH Section Traffic ROW (Anderson Lk Rd) Jefferson County Crossing 1,845 50 Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - - CF 901161005 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901162001 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901163001 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901173002 Pope Resources MUT - - B CF 901201001 Pope Resources MUT - - RR 901194001 City of Port Townsend MUT - - RR 901194005 Pope Resources MUT - - RR 901301001 Pope Resources MUT - - RR undetermined private MUT - - CF 901302001 Pope Resources MUT - - ROW (Eaglemount Rd) Jefferson County SP 606 50 Central ROW (Anderson Lk Rd) Jefferson County Crossing 1,845 50 Parks 901094001 WA State Parks MUT - - CF 901161005 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901162001 WA State DNR MUT - - CF 901163001 WA State DNR MUT - - undetermined private ROW (Gibbs Lake Rd) Jefferson County SL 195 25 / 20 C ROW (W. Valley Rd) Jefferson County AS 272 35 ROW (W. Egg & I Rd) Jefferson County SL 220 25 CF undetermined private MUT - - CF undetermined private MUT - - (Old Eaglemount ROW Jefferson County SL 170 25 Rd) ROW (Eaglemount Rd) Jefferson County SP 606 50

ROW (Eaglemount Rd) Jefferson County SP 606 50 ROW SR-20 WSDOT Crossing 5,800 50 ROW SR-20 WSDOT SP 5,800 50 A (Woodman- ROW Jefferson County SL <90 20 Fairmount Rd) ROW (Fairmount Hill Rd) Jefferson County SL 90 25 ROW (Fairmount Rd) Jefferson County AS 140 35

ROW (Eaglemount Rd) Jefferson County SP 606 50 CF undetermined private MUT - - undetermined private South B ROW SR-20 WSDOT Crossing 5,800 50 ROW (Fairmount Hill Rd) Jefferson County SL 90 25 ROW (Fairmount Rd) Jefferson County AS 140 35

ROW (Eaglemount Rd) Jefferson County SP 606 50 CF undetermined private MUT - - undetermined private C ROW (E. Uncas Rd S) Jefferson County SL 20 20 RR 902252020 WSDOT MUT - - ROW (US-101) WSDOT MUT 13,000 45 ROW (E. Uncas Rd N) Jefferson County SL 90 20

Previous - RR 902243020 Jefferson Land Trust MUT - - Previous - RR 902243033 Jefferson Land Trust MUT - - Previous - RR 902243044 Jefferson Land Trust MUT - - Previous - ROW SR-20 WSDOT SP 5,800 50 Previous - ROW (US-101) WSDOT SP 13,000 45 Previous - RR 902231004 WDFW MUT - - Previous - undetermined private MUT - - Previous - RR 902231018 WDFW MUT - -

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62 NOT USED

PERMITTING OVERVIEW

DRAFT 11/12/2018 63 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

5.1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Activities that may occur for the Olympic FEDERAL APPROVALS Discovery Trail - Eaglemount (ODT-E) connection include paved trail construction National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other associated amenities along the trail. The alignments have a high probability Issuing Agency: Lead Federal Agency of work within critical areas and shorelines. (varies)

Table 5.1.1 provides a list of permits that Activities Requiring this Permit: NEPA may be required as a planning tool to help applies to all major federal actions: federal with identifying the permit process once an projects or any project requiring a federal alignment has been selected to move forward. permit, receiving federal funding, or located on federal land. The list of NEPA categorical Permit summaries are taken from the exclusions is determined in rules specific to Department of Ecology Regulatory each federal agency. Handbook found at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/ permit.htlm.PERMITS POTENTIALLY REQUIRED Review Purpose: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was adopted by Congress in 1969 to ensure TABLE 5.1.1 PERMITS Trail Public POTENTIALLY REQUIREDConstruction Overlooks evaluationAmenities of the probable environmental consequences of a proposal before decisions Federal Approvals are made by federal agencies. NEPA P P P

Bridge Permit -- -- NEPA-- requires federal agencies to consider a broad range of environmental consequences Section 10 Rivers and Harbors -- P -- and available mitigation options prior to Section 106 - Historic Preservation P P makingP a decision on a project, plan or Section 401 - Water Quality Cert. P P program.P

Section 404 - Discharge of Fill P P P Nationwide Permit Bridge Permit Coastal Zone Management P -- Issuing-- Agency: United States Coast Guard Approval

State Approvals Activities Requiring this Permit: Construction or modification of bridges over Hydraulic Project Approval X P P navigable waters. “Navigable” waters is a State Historical Preservation Office X X legalX determination that is not contingent on Construction Stormwater General X X the waterwayX such as Snow Creek or Salmon Permit - NPDES Creek actually being navigated. Contact the Local Approvals Coast Guard Bridge Program to determine State Environmental Policy Act X X if a waterwayX is “navigable” and if the project will require a bridge permit. No other agency Clearing, Grading, and Building -- X X Permits has the authority or expertise to make this determination. Critical Areas X X X Shoreline Permits P X PermitX Purpose: Federal law prohibits the X=Probably Required construction of any bridge across navigable P=Possibly Required waters of the United States unless first --=Not Likely Required authorized by the Coast Guard. The Coast

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Guard approves the location and clearances funding passed through a state or local of bridges through the issuance of bridge agency, a federal permit, license of use of permits or permit amendments, under the federal lands. authority of the General Bridge Act of 1946, Section 9 of the Rivers and Harbors Act Permit Purpose: The Department of of 1899, and other statutes. This permit is Archaeology and Historic Preservation required for new construction, reconstruction (DAHP) and affected tribes must be or modification of a bridge or causeway over consulted when projects are subject to review waters of the United States. under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA). This act Section 10 Rivers and Harbors requires that all federal agencies take into Approval account the affect of its actions on historic properties. Requirements of Section 106 Issuing Agency: US Army Corps of review apply to any federal undertaking, Engineers funding, license, or permit.

Activities Requiring this Permit: Work in, DAHP and affected tribes are consulted to over, or under navigable waters of the United help determine if the site has been surveyed, States you must apply for authorization from if there are identified historical resources the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). on-site, and if the property is listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic The Corps authorizes activities by issuing Places. individual and general permits. Individual permits include Standard Individual Permits If projects will adversely affect property and Letters of Permission, and general that meets National Register criteria, DAHP permits include Nationwide Permits and will participate in finding acceptable ways Regional General Permits. The Corps to avoid or mitigate that adverse effect. The determines which type of permit is needed. federal agency involved is responsible for A Department of the Army permit can initiating and completing Section 106 review. include authorization under Section 10 and/ or Section 404. Section 401 - Water Quality Certification Permit Purpose: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers regulates activities that could Issuing Agency: Washington State obstruct or alter navigable waters of the Department of Ecology United States under Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. Activities Requiring this Permit: Applying for a federal permit or license to conduct any Section 106 of the National Historic activity that might result in a discharge of Preservation Act of 1966 dredge or fill material into water or non- isolated wetlands or excavation in water or Issuing Agency: Washington State non-isolated wetlands. Department of Archaeology & Historic Preservation Permit Purpose: Issuance of a Section 401 Certification means that Ecology has Activities Requiring this Permit: The reasonable assurance that the applicant’s application for federal funding, including project will comply with state water quality standards and other aquatic resources

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protection requirements under Ecology’s Section 404 –Discharge of Fill authority. The Section 401 Certification can cover both the construction and operation of Issuing Agency: US Army Corps of a proposed project. Conditions of the Section Engineers 401 Certification become conditions of the Activities Requiring this Permit: federal permit or license. For 404 permits the Conducting ground-disturbing activities Corps has developed Nationwide Permits to in waters of the United States, including streamline the process for specific activities. wetlands, may require authorization from The Corps reviews a proposed project to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). determine if an individual 404 permit is A variety of activities typically require required, or if the project can be authorized Department of the Army authorization under a Nationwide Permit. The Nationwide when they occur in waters of the United Permits also need Section 401 Certification States. They include, but are not limited from Ecology. Ecology has already certified to, placement of fill material, grading, subject to conditions, or denied specific mechanized land clearing, and redeposit of Nationwide Permits. If certified, no further excavated/dredged material. Section 401 Certification review by Ecology is required. If certified subject to conditions, The Corps authorizes activities by issuing an individual certification or Letter of individual and general permits. Under Verification from Ecology is required. If Section 404, individual permits include denied, an individual certification is required Standard Individual Permits, and general for all activities under that Nationwide permits include Nationwide Permits and Permit. Regional General Permits. The Corps determines which type of permit is needed. A Department of the Army permit can include authorization under Section 10 and/ or Section 404.

The Corps strongly recommends a pre- application meeting for major projects.

Permit Purpose: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers helps protect the nation’s waters by regulating the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands and other special aquatic sites, under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.

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Coastal Zone Management Approval STATE APPROVALS

Issuing Agency: Washington State Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) Department of Ecology Issuing Agency: Washington Department of Activities Requiring this Permit: Federal Fish and Wildlife activity, projects requiring a federal license or permit and Federal Assistance Programs Activities Requiring this Permit: Work proposed within any of Washington’s 15 that uses, diverts, obstructs, or changes coastal counties. the natural flow or bed of any of the salt • National Environmental Protection or fresh waters of state. This includes bed Agency (Conducted by federal agencies reconfiguration, all construction or other as part of the 404 process) work waterward, under and over the ordinary high water line, including dry channels, • Biological Assessment and may include projects landward of the • Section 106 Archaeological and Historic ordinary high water line (e.g., activities Preservation Review outside the ordinary high water line that will directly impact fish life and habitat, Permit Purpose: Activities and development falling trees into streams or lakes, bridge affecting coastal resources which involve maintenance, dike construction, etc.) federal activities, federal licenses or permits, and federal assistance programs (funding) Permit Purpose: Any form of work that uses, require written Coastal Zone Management diverts, obstructs, or changes the natural (CZM) federal consistency determinations flow or bed of any fresh water or saltwater by the Department of Ecology (Ecology). of the state, requires a Hydraulic Project Activities and developments performed Approval (HPA) from the Washington by or for federal agencies require a CZM Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). determination be submitted stating that Permit processing can take up to 45 days the project is consistent with Washington’s following receipt of a complete application Coastal Zone Management Program package. WDFW offers an efficient online (WCZMP) to the “maximum extent permit application system, called the Aquatic practicable.” Projects obtaining federal Protection Permitting System (APPS). A permitted/licensed or federal funded projects complete application package for an HPA require a certification that they are consistent must include a completed application, with WCZMP. CZM Determinations/ general plans for the overall project, complete Certifications are submitted to Ecology for plans and specifications of the proposed work concurrence with conditions, or objection. within the mean higher high water line in salt waters or within the ordinary high water line in fresh waters of the state, complete plans and specifications for the proper protection of fish life, and the $150 application fee or proof of a qualifying fee exemption. You must also provide notice of compliance with any applicable requirements of the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA).

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Construction Stormwater General LOCAL APPROVALS Permit - NPDES State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) Issuing Agency: Washington State Department of Ecology Issuing Agency: State or local agency

Activities Requiring this Permit: Activities Requiring this Process: Any Construction site operators are required to proposal that requires a public agency action be covered by a Construction Stormwater (decision) to license, fund, or undertake a General Permit if they are engaged in project, or the proposed adoption of a policy, clearing, grading, and excavating activities plan, or program can trigger environmental that disturb one or more acres and discharge review under SEPA. However, there are stormwater to surface waters of the state. numerous categories of projects that are exempt from SEPA. The lead agency The permit is also required if clearing, determines if an exemption applies. grading or excavating activities disturb an area smaller than 1 acre if it is part of a Purpose: The Washington State “larger common plan of development or sale” Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) is a process that will disturb 1 acre or more and discharge (not a permit decision) intended to ensure stormwater to surface waters of the state or that environmental values are considered a conveyance system that drains to surface during decision-making by state and local waters of the state. agencies. These decisions may be related to issuing permits for private projects, “Surface waters of the state” are broadly constructing public facilities, or adopting defined by state law and includes storm regulations, policies or plans. Information drains, ditches, wetlands, creeks, rivers, provided by project applicants during ponds, lakes and marine waters to obtain the SEPA review process helps agency permit coverage. decision-makers, applicants, and the public In addition to these permit triggers, Ecology understand how a proposal will affect the reserves the right to require permit coverage environment. This information can be used to at a construction site of any size, if Ecology change a proposal to reduce likely impacts, or believes that the site may be a significant to condition or deny a proposal when adverse contributor of pollutants to waters of the environmental impacts are identified. State of Washington or reasonably expects In most cases, one state or local agency will the site to cause a violation of water quality be designated as the “SEPA lead agency.” The standards. lead agency is responsible for evaluating the Permit Purpose: This permit ensures that proposal and determining if the proposal is construction site operators follow measures likely to impact the environment. For most as to prevent stormwater from washing soil, private projects, the SEPA lead agency will be nutrients, chemicals and other harmful the city or county responsible for permitting pollutants into local water bodies and the project. For most public projects, the degrading water quality. proponent agency is the lead agency.

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Clearing, Grading, and Building Permit Clearing, grading and other land disturbing activities requires approval from local Issuing Agency: Local Government - City or jurisdictions. Plan sets must be submitted County that show BMPs, stormwater controls, and grade changes applicable to land disturbing Activities Requiring this Permit: activities. Construction of permanent buildings or additions to existing facilities. Clearing and Critical Areas Approval grading of land and other earth disturbing activities. Issuing Agency: Local Jurisdiction

Permit Purpose: Permits to construct Activities Requiring this Permit: Work within permanent buildings or additions to existing or adjacent to Environmentally Critical Areas facilities are required by counties and cities, except under certain circumstances. The Permit Purpose: Critical Areas Ordinances application requires detailed final plans (CAO) provide regulation of activities for structures including electrical plan, within critical areas which may include flood plumbing plan, floor layout, sewage facilities, prone areas, wetlands, streams, geologic location of wells (if applicable), drainage hazard areas, and fish and wildlife habitat plan, size and shape of lot and buildings, conservation areas. The goal of CAO setback of buildings from property lines and regulations is to effectively protect these drainfield (if applicable), access, size and areas and to protect public safety, while shape of foundation walls, beams, air vents, allowing reasonable development. window accesses, and heating or cooling plants, if included in the design. Permits are Shoreline Development Permit issued upon approval of the plans. Permit processing time varies depending on the Issuing Agency: Local Jurisdiction project, but averages from six to eight weeks. Activities Requiring this Permit: These Public hearings requirements also vary are determined by local government and depending on activity proposed. specified in their Shoreline Master Program. The Growth Management Act, which became Generally, any project involving in-water law in 1990, amended the State Building work or work within 200 feet of the shoreline Code to require that building permit requires either a Shoreline Substantial applicants provide proof of an adequate Development Permit or a Shoreline supply of potable water for the purposes Exemption. If the project involves a change of the building. The three means of proof in function from the existing permitted use, specified in the law are: 1) a permit from the a Conditional Use Permit or Variance may be Department of Ecology, 2) a letter from an needed. approved purveyor stating the ability and Permit Purpose: To regulate developments willingness to provide water, and 3) another and uses of water bodies and associated form (consult with the appropriate local upland areas to protect human health and the government) sufficient to verify the existence natural environment. of an adequate water supply. The departments of Ecology and Health developed guidelines to help local governments verify the adequacy of water supplies for individual buildings. 69 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

5.2 RECOMMENDED ALIGNMENT PERMITTING STRATEGY

Development of the trail corridor has NATURAL RESOURCES the potential to impact a variety of environmentally sensitive areas present This sections provides an overview of the resources found along the alignment and along the alignment, including wetlands, summarizes the permits that are likely to be priority habitats and species, floodplain, required to implement the proposed Olympic streams, geologic hazard areas, and rare Discovery Trail - Eaglemount connection. plants. In addition, future project actions have the potential to involve several local, Wetlands state, and federal regulatory agencies. The permitting process may take several paths The National Wetland Inventory (NWI), the depending on funding sources. A summary Jefferson County Wetland Inventory, and the of permitting requirements is discussed in Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife the Permitting section following the Natural (WDFW) Priority Habitats and Species Resources section. databases all identify several wetlands near the alignments. These wetlands range in Permitting and Regulatory Authorities quality from small roadside wetlands to large, high quality wetlands, all of which are Trail construction will require various state regulated. Many of the wetlands are clustered permits, and may require some local and around Anderson Lake and forestlands federal permits (Table 5.2.2). The entire between the lake and Moon Creek’s alignments takes place within Jefferson tributaries. During field reconnaissance, County. Agencies that could have permitting biologists noted additional potential wetland authority depending on the type and areas not shown on the NWI or Jefferson location of the action include: Washington County maps, as well as areas where the Department of Natural Resources; known wetland boundaries may extend Washington State Parks; Washington farther than shown on NWI or County maps. State Department of Fish and Wildlife; More precise wetland boundary delineations Washington State Department of Ecology; will be required during the permitting U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National process. Marine Fisheries Service; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In addition, the Streams Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe has interests in the area. The alignments cross or are within the immediate vicinity of a number of streams Activities associated with development of and their tributaries, including Snow Creek, the trail corridor that may trigger a permit Mine Gulch, Sunset Creek, Moon Creek, include, but are not limited to, filling, Sources: Washington and many unnamed streams and draws with State Department of grading, construction of retaining walls, work intermittent flow. It also crosses the Port Ecology, GIS Data, 303d; below the ordinary high water mark of any Townsend water line connected to City Lake. Jefferson County GIS waterbody, work within wetlands/streams or Data, Washington State their buffers, installation of septic systems, or According to the Jefferson County Shoreline Department of Natural utility construction. Master Plan (SMP; 2013), the alignments Resources Stream run near three shorelines of the state: Snow Classification Information; Environmental permits will be required if Creek, Discovery Bay, and Anderson Lake. WDFW SalmonScape database; WDFW PHS project actions impact any Critical Areas Shorelines of the State have a minimum database; FEMA Flood Map discussed in following sections. buffer of 100 feet for lakes, and 150 feet for Service Center maps.

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marine shorelines or streams/rivers. The Moon Creek, and several unnamed streams, alignments cross at Snow Creek would as well as the stream connection between be within this buffer. The unnamed creek Anderson Lake and wetlands to the west. at Fairmont Road is crossed close to the When possible the project will use previously shoreline, and may be within the 150 foot constructed road crossings with existing buffer of Discovery Bay. The crossing at culverts when crossing these areas. Anderson Lake would be farther than 150 feet from the lake, but may fall within the natural Puget Sound Nearshore shoreline area indicated by the Jefferson County SMP. Portions of the South Segment pass alongside Discovery Bay, a relatively undisturbed PHS Habitats and Species nearshore marine habitat connected to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound. The Washington State Department of Fish & WDFW divides this habitat into three zones: Wildlife (WDFW) provides information on shore, intertidal, and marine tidal. Segment important fish, wildlife and habitat resources. S follows Fairmont Road, which runs along WDFW publishes a list of priority habitats Discovery Bay within 200 feet of the bay’s and species considered to be priorities for shore. This shoreline contains native conservation and management. WDFW also vegetation and beaches influenced by the maintains databases that contain identified aquatic ecosystem. fish, wildlife, and habitat areas. The priority habitats and species (PHS) identified by Freshwater and Estuarine Marine the WDFW GIS data along the proposed Wetlands alignment are discussed below. WDFW lists freshwater wetlands and Riparian Zones and Instream Habitat estuarine wetlands among the priority aquatic habitats. Wetlands are discussed Riparian habitat conservation areas are further under the “wetlands” section of this those areas adjacent to aquatic systems document. The PHS database lists both with flowing water containing elements of forested/shrub and freshwater emergent both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems that wetlands along or near the alignment, and mutually influence each other. Riparian estuarine/marine wetland in Discovery Bay habitat begins at the ordinary high water where the South Segment will run near the mark and extends to that portion of the shoreline. terrestrial landscape influenced by, or directly influences, the aquatic ecosystem. Instream Waterfowl and Seabird habitat refers to the aquatic habitat below the Concentrations ordinary high water mark. WDFW lists waterfowl and their habitat Riparian habitat includes the entire extent of among priority species and habitats. the floodplain and riparian areas of wetlands Waterfowl habitat is primarily associated directly connected to stream courses. The with wetlands and wetland fringe areas. alignment passes through a number of Areas commonly or traditionally used on a riparian habitats (with instream portions) seasonal or year-round basis are defined as associated with the following water bodies: Regular Concentrations. The only waterfowl Snow Creek, Mine Gulch, Sunset Creek, concentration habitat area along the alignment is associated with Anderson Lake.

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The PHS database also lists cavity-nesting several miles of the proposed trail route. ducks (such as wood duck, common Two species on the list (both state Sensitive) goldeneye, and hooded merganser), and have the potential to occur in the Discovery concentrations of trumpeter swan along Bay region, as they have occurred in the alignment. The PHS database that the the eastern third of the County and are wetland connected to the lake’s southwest associated with riparian, wetland, or forested side provides winter forage for adult and habitats. Bristly sedge (Carex comosa) has juvenile trumpeter swans. Cavity-nesting been found alongside streams, lakes or ducks are listed as using the forested wetland marshes at disjunct locations throughout directly west of the lake. The proposed the Puget Sound basin. The giant chain fern alignment does not intersect the waterfowl or (Woodwardia fimbriata) has occurred along swan areas, but may cross along the southern the edges of streams, bogs, or wet roadbanks border of the wetlands with cavity-nesting near saltwater in the Hood Canal area. Four ducks. additional species on the list are known to occur in moist, lowland forest or riparian Finally, the PHS database lists seabird areas, but have not been recorded in eastern concentrations on Anderson Lake. This could Jefferson County. None of these species or include seabirds that regularly breed on their habitats are likely to occur in the logged or forage on freshwater habitats, including areas, secondary forest, or existing routes of Western grebe or cormorants. Seabird travel along the proposed route. concentrations also occur in Discovery Bay. The other 24 species WNHP lists in Jefferson Western Toad County are restricted to alpine habitats, outer- coast rainforests, bogs, native prairie, rocky WDFW lists breeding areas for the western outcrops, sandy habitats, or open waters toad along the western shoreline of Anderson within lakes. These habitats do not occur Lake. along the proposed route, with the exception of Anderson Lake’s waters (which will not be Spotted Owl directly affected by the route). WDFW lists breeding records for Spotted Flood Hazards Owl in the township near the southern terminus of the South Segment of the Areas of special flood hazards are those alignment. These mappings are not specific areas identified by the Federal Emergency to the area directly adjacent to the alignment. Management Agency (FEMA) in the Flood Insurance Rate Maps for Jefferson County. Rare Plants These areas include the floodway, floodplain, and flood fringe. The majority of the The Washington Natural Heritage Program proposed alignment would not impact any (WNHP) maintains a database of historical special flood hazard areas, with the exception and current occurrences of rare plant species of the Snow Creek crossing area. in the state. WNHP lists 28 species known or suspected to occur within Jefferson County, Geohazards four of which have state and/or federal listing as threatened or endangered. Geologic hazards include areas with steep slopes, historic or active landslides, areas of The WNHP’s database does not list any potential instability, and areas with a severe occurrences of these 28 species within

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erosion potential. In addition, geologic the intersection between Hwy 101 and hazards can also include seismic and Hwy 20 and on Moa Hill Road. Although volcanic hazards. the WISAARD database does not list any historic sites identified within 1/4 mile, Jefferson County GIS data identifies geologic a Cultural Resources Survey will likely hazard areas at multiple areas along the be required for the project. The National alignment. Register of Historic Places does not list any historic locations within ¼ mile of the Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas recommended alignment.

Portions of the proposed alignment are The Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe has not located within Critical Aquifer Recharge indicated the presence of sites of concern in Areas (CARA). This includes most of the the study area. However, there are a large South portion of the alignment (in an area number of “culturally modified trees” south listed as Susceptible based on geology), of Anderson Lake (these are also listed in the and all of the North portion (which passes WISAARD database). These trees include through Special Aquifer Recharge Protection western red cedars with bark-stripping Areas). scars and notches, and “spiral trees” which have been twisted around each other. These Cultural Resources modified trees appear to be oriented along an old trail system crossing the Quimper Archaeological resources include physical Peninsula from east to west. Most of the evidence and/or material remains of human planned route for the Olympic Discovery life or activities capable of providing Trail - Eaglemount would use already-cleared scientific or humanistic understandings recreation trails or logged areas. Where the of past human behavior, cultural route would cross Moon Creek and other adaptation, and related topics. Examples timbered areas, the Tribes request surveying of archaeological resources include the for modified trees prior to any tree removal. remains of houses, villages, camp and Other tribes that may be interested in fishing sites; cave shelters; artifacts such as sites within the study area and should be arrowheads, utensils, tools; and graves or contacted are the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe human remains. Cultural resources include and Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe. historic, prehistoric, or archaeological sites and standing structures, cemeteries, burial LOCAL PERMITTING grounds and other distributions of cultural remains and artifacts. Site Plan Review The Washington Information System for Construction of trail segments and support Architectural and Archaeological Records facilities will require development permits (WISAARD database) lists identified historic from Jefferson County. Jefferson County sites and the Predictive Model Probability will require supporting documentation Levels for the presence of archaeological and additional permits dependent on the resources throughout the county. The type and location of the proposed activity, alignment passes through areas with no including, but not limited to, environmental, historic sites identified within ¼ mile. Some land use, transportation, water, and sewer buildings or sites with no determinations review. are clustered in the Fairmount area near

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Jefferson County will require a Site Plan Jefferson County requires supporting Review process for each new segment of trail documentation for many of the permits. or new support facilities within the county. Necessary information could include any of The specific requirements will be obtained the following: no rise certification; wetland through the Pre-application process. The delineation; habitat impact assessment and proposed improvement plans necessary mitigation; wetland mitigation plan (see for application may include environmental, discussion below); rare plant survey; geologic land use and transportation, landscaping, hazard area study; buffer impact mitigation; sign and outdoor lighting plan. In addition historical and cultural resources survey; and/ to the required plans, supporting documents or a biological assessment. will be necessary for the Jefferson County submittal and may include the following: soil Jefferson County specifically requires a analysis and geotechnical report, preliminary Critical Areas Report for any required critical stormwater design report, proposed storm area permits. At a minimum the report plan, traffic study, SEPA, sewer district requires the identification and scientific utility review letter, water utility review characterization of all critical areas and letter, health department project evaluation buffers and an assessment of impacts to letter, covenants or restrictions, and other those areas. Additional report requirements associated environmental applications specific to the area of impact are also required. The proposed trail alignment passes through a number of Land Use designations within Archaeological and Cultural Jefferson County. The proposed trail is an Resources Review allowed use in all Land Use designations. Jefferson County does not codify Critical Areas archaeological and cultural resources review but addresses this issue through the The Washington State Growth Management SEPA process. Federal permits required by Act (GMA) identifies the protection of five the project will not be issued until Section critical areas as necessary for protection of 106 – Historical Preservation requirements the natural environment and the public’s are satisfied. The Jamestown S’Klallam health and safety. Each city and county in Tribe will be provided the opportunity to Washington State has the responsibility to review and provide input on the project so identify, designate, and protect those critical that potential adverse impacts to cultural areas found in their local environment. The resources are avoided. trail alignment passes through Jefferson County. The identified critical areas include STATE REGULATORY AUTHORITIES fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas (FWHCA), wetlands, frequently flooded areas Washington State Department of Fish (FFA), critical aquifer recharge areas (CARA), & Wildlife and geologic hazard areas (Geohazards). Jefferson County has local ordinances Any activity that will use, divert, obstruct, protecting these resources. or change the bed or flow of state waters requires a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) Construction of the trail may require all or from the Washington State Department of a combination of the local environmental Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Essentially, permits depending on the location and type of the action. 74 OLYMPIC DISCOVERY TRAIL - EAGLEMOUNT FINAL REPORT | 2019

this covers any work near or over streams, consequences to the natural and built or below the ordinary high water mark. For environment of a proposal. instance, a bridge spanning a stream would The SEPA checklist evaluates the require an HPA even if the abutments for environmental consequences of a proposal the bridge are above the ordinary high water and determines if it will have any “significant mark or outside of the 100-year floodplain. adverse environmental impact.” The agency In addition, WDFW provides management reviewing the checklist (lead agency) will recommendations, which are guidelines not issue a determination of nonsignificance regulations, for identified priority species (DNS), a mitigated DNS, or a determination and habitats. Typically, local jurisdictions of significance (DS). A mitigated DNS will implement these guidelines through a habitat include measures to mitigate all significant conservation plan. impacts to a nonsignificant level through the requirements of local, state, or federal Washington State Department of regulations. If the lead agency issues a DS, Ecology an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will be required. The National Environmental Shorelines: Under the Washington State Policy Act (NEPA) also provides an Shoreline Management Act (SMA), cities environmental review process for project and counties with “shorelines of the state” proposals with a federal nexus (e.g. permit, administer a Shoreline Master Program funding). If federal funding is secured, the (SMP). A shoreline of the state is defined funding source will be the lead entity for as all of the water areas of the state and NEPA. Compliance with NEPA may require their associated shorelands, together with that an Environmental Assessment or EIS be the lands underlying them, not including completed for the project. lakes less than 20 acres in size and wetlands associated with those small lakes or stream SEPA is delegated to Jefferson County to segments where the mean annual flow is administer through site plan review. An 20 cubic feet per second or less and their alignment passing through Washington State associated wetlands. The SMP is essentially Parks or Washington Department of Natural a shoreline comprehensive plan and zoning Resources will require SEPA compliance by ordinance specific to shoreline areas and each state agency and land use consistency customized to local circumstances. Activities determinations and use approvals by each of within shoreline areas must comply with the these agencies consistent with their policies applicable SMP. and procedures.

This state regulation is delegated to Jefferson Section 401 Water Quality Certification: County to administer through site plan The federal Clean Water Act (CWA) review. allows states to approve, condition, or deny projects proposed to be built in wetlands or State Environmental Policy Act other waters of the U.S. Projects requiring Environmental Checklist: The Washington a Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) Corps of Engineers (Corps) also require a requires the submittal of an environmental Section 401 water quality certification from checklist, which provides agencies with a the Washington Department of Ecology framework to consider the environmental (Ecology). Section 401 of the CWA requires applicants to receive a certification from the

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state that the proposed project will meet state Department of Archeology and water quality standards and other aquatic Historic Preservation protection regulations. The conditions of the state certification will become conditions of The Department of Archaeology and Historic the federal permit. Preservation (DAHP) and affected tribes must be consulted when projects are subject This federal regulation is administered by the to review under Section 106 of the National Washington State Department of Ecology. Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA). This act requires that all federal agencies NPDES Construction Stormwater General take into account the affect of its actions on Permit: The CWA identifies the discharge of historic properties. Requirements of Section stormwater as a point source of pollution. As 106 review apply to any federal undertaking, such, certain stormwater discharges require funding, license, or permit. a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. The goal of the DAHP and affected tribes are consulted to construction general stormwater permit is help determine if the site has been surveyed, to reduce or eliminate stormwater pollution if there are identified historical resources and other impacts to surface waters from on-site, and if the property is listed or eligible construction sites. for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. An applicant is required to apply for coverage under the state’s construction stormwater If projects will adversely affect property general permit if the proposed project that meets National Register criteria, DAHP involves soil disturbing activities where will participate in finding acceptable ways one or more acres will be disturbed, and if to avoid or mitigate that adverse effect. The stormwater will be discharged to receiving federal agency involved is responsible for water directly or to storm drains that initiating and completing Section 106 review. discharge to a receiving water. FEDERAL REGULATORY This federal regulation is administered by the AUTHORITIES Washington State Department of Ecology. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington State Department of Natural Resources The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issues permits for certain activities in, over, The Washington State Department of Natural under or near waters of the U.S. or special Resources (DNR) houses the Washington aquatic sites, including wetlands. A Section Natural Heritage Program (NHP), which 10 permit is required for any work in, over, provides information related to the presence or under navigable waters. A Clean Water of rare plant species and natural ecosystems. Act Section 404 permit is required for the Although there is no state law protecting rare discharge of dredged or fill material into plant species/communities in Washington, waters of the U.S., including special aquatic local jurisdictions may provide protection sites such as wetlands. through their ordinances, regulations and permitting requirements (e.g., Habitat Permit).

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The Sec on 404/10 permit application, Joint from the federal action (e.g., typically Aquatic Resources Permit Application issuance of a Section 404 permit) and the (JARPA), also requires the applicant provide terms and conditions that apply to the an alternatives analysis discussing how proposed project. alternative sites and designs were evaluated in an effort to avoid or minimize anticipated The applicant is often requested to submit a project impacts. Any impacts to wetlands will Biological Assessment (BA) with their permit require the submittal of a wetland delineation application. The BA documents the proposed report and a compensatory mitigation plan action, existing environmental conditions for any unavoidable impacts to wetlands or at the project site, any listed species and waterways. critical habitat present, potential impacts to the species and critical habitat, and an effects The Corps issues different types of permits determination. under Section 404/10. Nationwide permits (NWP) are general permits authorizing a MITIGATION category of activities throughout the nation. These permits have specific conditions that The Corps and local jurisdictions both must be met for the permit to be valid and regulate impacts to wetlands; whereas, only are issued for projects with small impacts. the local jurisdiction regulates impacts Regional permits are issued if the proposed to wetland buffers. Both the Corps and activity falls within a general category of local jurisdictions require mitigation to activities that are similar in nature and cause compensate for impacts to the functions minimal environmental impact (individually and values of the impacted wetland(s) and and cumulatively). Individual permits are for buffer(s) so that no overall net loss in wetland projects with larger impacts or that cannot acreage and functions occur. Jefferson meet the specific conditions required of a County prefers mitigation to occur on-site NWP. Individual permits go through a full or within the same local watershed as the public interest review. impacted wetland when possible. Buffer averaging and reduction is permitted and National Marine Fisheries Service & may be used when complete avoidance of the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service resource buffer is not possible.

Section 7 of the federal Endangered Species Impacts to riparian areas, fish and wildlife Act (ESA) requires federal agencies to habitat areas, and all associated buffers also consult with the National Marine Fisheries require mitigation. Service (NMFS) and/or the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on any activities that may affect a listed species. The consultation requirement assists federal agencies in fulfilling their duty to ensure their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of a species or destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. A Biological Opinion documents NMFS/USFWS opinion and recommends reasonable and prudent measures that will minimize any impacts

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TABLE 5.2.1 MITIGATION RATIO REQUIREMENTS

Category Re- Rehabilitation Re-establishment Re-establishment Enhancement and Type establishment Only1 or Creation (R/C) or Creation (R/C) Only1 of Wetland or Creation and Rehabilitation and Enhancement Impacts (RH)1 (E)1 All Category IV 1.5:1 3:1 1:1 R/C and 1:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 2:1 E 6:1

All Category III 2:1 4:1 1:1 R/C and 2:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 4:1 E 8:1

Category II Case-by-case 4:1 Case-by-case Case-by-case Case-by-case Estuarine Rehabilitation of an estuarine wetland Category II 2:1 4:1 1:1 R/C and 2:1 RH Not considered an Not considered an Interdunal Compensation Compensation Compensation has option2 option2 has to be has to be to be interdunal interdunal interdunal wetland wetland wetland All Other 3:1 6:1 1:1 R/C and 4:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 8:1 E 12:1 Category II Category I 6:1 12:1 1:1 R/C and 10:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 20:1 E 24:1 Forested Category I 4:1 8:1 1:1 R/C and 6:1 RH 1:1 R/C and 12:1 E 16:1 Based on Score for Functions Category I Not considered 6:1 R/C not considered R/C not considered Case-by-case Natural possible3 Rehabilitation possible3 possible3 Heritage Site of a Natural Heritage site Category I Not considered 6:1 R/C not considered R/C not considered Case-by-case Coastal Lagoon possible3 Rehabilitation possible3 possible3 of a coastal lagoon Category I Not considered 6:1 R/C not considered R/C not considered Case-by-case Bog possible3 Rehabilitation possible3 possible3 of a bog Category I Case-by-case 6:1 Case-by-case Case-by-case Case-by-case Estuarine Rehabilitation of an estuarine wetland

1. These ratios are based on the assumption that the rehabilitation or enhancement actions implemented represent the average degree of improvement possible for the site. Proposals to implement more effective rehabilitation or enhancement actions may result in a lower ratio, while less effective actions may result in higher ratio. The distinction between rehabilitation and enhancement is not clear-cut. Instead, rehabilitation and enhancement actions span a continuum. Proposals that fall within the gray area between rehabilitation and enhancement will result in a ratio that lies between the ratios for rehabilitation and the ratios for enhancement. 2. Due to the dynamic nature of interdunal systems, enhancement is not considered an ecologically appropriate action. 3. Natural heritage sites, coastal lagoons, and bogs are considered irreplaceable wetlands because they perform some functions that cannot be replaced through compensatory mitigation. Impacts to such wetlands would therefore result in a net loss of some functions no matter what kind of compensation is proposed.

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PERMITTING TIMELINES

The proposed project requires public and potential permits and approvals that may be agency review which takes prescriptive required for this project and possible timelines time to complete. Table 5.2.2 below shows to complete.

TABLE 5.2.2 PERMIT TIMELINE

Federal Approvals Required Review Notes Time

NEPA Possible up to 1.5 Requires Federal Action to trigger years

Bridge Permit No --

Section 10 Rivers and Harbors No --

Section 106 - Historic Possible 6 months Preservation

Section 401 - Water Quality Possible 6 months Starts after Section 404 permit issuance Certification

Section 404 - Discharge of Fill Possible 6 months Nationwide Permit

Coastal Zone Management Possible 1 month Approval

State Approvals

Hydraulic Project Approval Yes 1.5 months

Washington State Department Yes -- of Archeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP)

Construction Stormwater Yes 1.5 General Permit - NPDES months

Local Approvals

State Environmental Policy Act Yes 3 to 6 months

Clearing, Grading, and Building Possible 1 month Permits

Critical Areas Yes 3 to 6 months

Shoreline Permits Possible 6 months May be required for work along Discovery Bay

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IMPLEMENTATION

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6.1 COST AND EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION At this early, route-planning stage, without nature of the trail. Maintenance costs may a precise trail alignment -- let alone be shared by the agencies that control the landowner commitments regarding exact particular segments of the trail, so that State trail locations, wetlands delineations, right- Parks might manage maintenance on the of-way surveys, soils and geologic studies, Anderson Lake State Park parcel, the City grade and slope analysis, and so on -- it is might manage maintenance on the City Lake only possible to give preliminary estimates parcel, and the WA State Department of of construction costs. We have considered Transportation might manage maintenance the latest available unit costs experienced by on the WSDOT rights-of-way. In addition, City, County, and State agencies. We have volunteer organizations – the Peninsula Trails looked at the range of construction costs of Coalition, the Back Country Horsemen of other rural trails in Western Washington, Washington, Buckhorn Range Chapter, and including rural trails and roads constructed the Pacific Northwest Trail Association, have by Jefferson and Clallam counties. We already made maintenance commitments to have considered published information Washington State Parks for maintenance in about trail construction costs. Rural multi- Anderson Lake State Park, and we anticipate use trail construction costs on the Olympic that they may make similar commitments to Peninsula range from a low (in 2018 dollars) the County. of about $900,000 a mile to a high of about $3,000,000 a mile – depending on Regarding ease of implementation, the project complexities, land acquisition costs, ODT-E project is very challenging. It difficulties of construction, and many other involves 10 miles of trail over some variables. Published information shows difficult terrain, requiring cooperation and similar cost ranges. Contingency multipliers coordination between multiple municipal, can substantially increase those ranges. state and federal agencies including Exactly where within those ranges a detailed Jefferson County, the City of Port Townsend, cost estimate will fall depends on much Washington State Parks, the Department more information regarding the exact trail of Natural Resources, Washington State alignment, and conditions on that alignment, Department of Transportation, the US Forest than we have identified at this preliminary Service, and the Recreation and Conservation stage. Office. It will require potentially-difficult land exchange transactions with Pope We can be more confident at this point Resources, plus easement acquisitions with regarding trail maintenance costs. Based a number of other private landowners. It on Jefferson County’s experience with the will require multiple grant applications, Larry Scott Trail, we estimate the annual supported by matching contributions so that maintenance cost of the trail at $4,500 per the cost burdens are not entirely borne by the mile per year. These costs do not include County. It will require project management future heavy maintenance costs such as over a several years as the trail is designed full asphalt overlay. These costs include and built, segment by segment. And it will mowing, brush cutting, sign maintenance, require the ongoing active support, with time pothole patching, tree trimming and removal, and money, of many community volunteers fence repair, litter cleanup, storm cleanup, including the Peninsula Trails Coalition, culvert cleaning, landscaping, and restroom the Eaglemount Trail Association, the Back cleaning and rental. Maintenance costs County Horsemen of Washington, Buckhorn will vary depending on the location and Range Chapter, the Pacific Northwest Trail

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Association, and many individual volunteers. The order of phasing will be influenced by many factors including right-of-way Balanced against these costs and acquisition, coordination with utility funding implementation challenges are the potential and improvement, and capital improvement benefits that the County’s citizens may budgeting. receive from the trail. We have already discussed the potential economic benefits The South Segment addresses the most that such trails provide. The benefits are urgent safety and experience needs and is more than economic. Trails make citizens entirely within public right-of-way. healthier. Trails make the environment greener. This trail may save lives. In Alta’s In the North Segment North A, North B, and opinion, the need for the trail, the probable North C may be easier to implement with the use, and the benefits of the trail outweigh its cooperation between Jefferson County and costs, whether they are on the high or low end WA State Parks. of the scale. The North Segment is a logical place to start since it would continue the Larry Scott Trail 6.2 PHASING PLAN and connect to Anderson Lake State Park. A safe, pleasant, complete and connected Olympic Discovery Trail is the goal of this effort. Ideally the ODT-E would be funded and built in one phase, perhaps divided into discrete construction packages reflecting the geography, construction methods required and ownership patterns.

There are logical interim endpoints that create the three segments outlined in the study, and each could stand on its own as an improvement over the current status, but would not serve to connect the Olympic Discovery Trail as a continuous off-road experience. As noted in this report the logical segments are: • North - from the Milo Curry trailhead to Anderson Lake Road at Anderson Lake State Park • Central - from Anderson Lake Road to Grouse Lane and Eaglemount Road. • South - from Eaglemount Road to the end of the ODT at Discovery Bay.

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6.3 FINANCIAL STRATEGY

Many potential sources of funding for the WSDOT’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Safety ODT-Eaglemount exist under both state and Program (PBSP) provided funded more federal programs. than $10 million in projects in the 2015-2017 biennium. Local Federal Jefferson County stated in its 2010 Update to the transportation element of its • Surface Transportation Program (STP), Comprehensive Plan that it “will consider provides financial support to local a partnership with the Forest Service and agencies developing bicycle, pedestrian, trail advocate[s] to develop this route.” The and recreational trails. Forest Service has expressed, in its October • Transportation Alternatives Program 30, 2015 memorandum to the Jefferson (TAP) is a potential source of funds for County Commissioners, that it encourages planning and development. a study and potential development of a • The Federal Lands Access Program non-motorized trail from the Larry Scott (FLAP) provides funds for access to Memorial Trail, and that it will seek the federal lands and may be available to “advice and assistance of states, local support the ODT connection to Olympic governments, private organizations, National Forest, Olympic National Park landowners and land users,” in connection and the Pacific Northwest National Scenic with the development and possible relocation Trail. of the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail off SR 20. • BUILD (formerly TIGER ) discretionary grants program, provided nearly $500 The City of Port Townsend’s plans include million for 39 projects in 34 states in 2015. connectivity among the city and county trail • Additional federal infrastructure funding systems. may become available late in this decade. State Private and Philanthropic Washington’s Recreation and Conservation Individual donors, companies and Office (RCO) philanthropic organizations across the • Nonhighway and Off-Road Vehicle country recognize the many civic, social, Activities Program (NOVA) employment, health, environmental, and • Washington Wildlife and Recreation economic benefits of multi-use trails and Program, Trails Category (WWRP) often step forward with funds to match or challenge other sources. Advocates for the • Recreational Trails Program (RTP) ODT-E may look to local, regional and special provides for trail-related facilities for both interest foundations for funding, in addition non-motorized and motorized trail uses, to local economic interests. including new “linking” trail development projects for recreational trails. Examples can be found in Northwest Arkansas where the Walmart Family Washington State Parks has expressed its Foundation provided a $15million match for support for the concept of routing part of the a $15 million TIGER grant for the 36-mile trail through Anderson Lakes State Park. Razorback Greenway.

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Back cover: ODT-E trail reconnaissance in Anderson Lake State Park.

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