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A Vas.Georgiou 1, City Hall City Tourism Dept Tourism Office Address Address Office Directorate of Culture-Tourism Culture-Tourism of Directorate Municipality of Thessaloniki of Municipality Created by: Created Monuments’ Map Monuments’ 1st Edition – March 2013 March – Edition 1st Thessaloniki Cultural Monument Document Monument Cultural Thessaloniki the structure of the state. It was the Each neighbourhood retains its Byzantine Thessaloniki acquired a multi-cultural, that period. Industry began taking its first reached its culmination in 1922, with the In 1963, Grigoris Lambrakis was murdered Balkan gateway for the ideological, or post-Byzantine monument, elements multi-religious character, which it would steps and Thessaloniki was a developing Treaty of Lausanne and the decision for in Thessaloniki. This assassination was A walk through a much-loved city. cultural and religious influence of the of other times, when the city was the retain until its liberation. city of great promise. an exchange of populations leading to immortalised by Vassilis Vassilikos in his Byzantine Empire. The Christianisation Symvasilevousa (co-reigning city) of a first an influx of thousands of refugees from novel ‘Z’ and became known throughout Due to the importance of the Thermaikos Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus of the Slavs by the Byzantines was an powerful and then declining Byzantine In the 17th century, the city was organised The 20th century held a number of changes Asia Minor. At the same time, the city the world thanks to the film of the same Gulf and its residential advantages, (250-311 AD) established his seat in important fact that marked not only that Empire, or later the centre of an Ottoman- into administrative districts, with the Jews for Thessaloniki. The decline of the lost its Muslim population. Although name by Costas Gavras. The generally numerous settlements developed around Thessaloniki, constructing a magnificent era but the subsequent centuries as well. occupied Balkan peninsula. The city was living in the central and western section of Ottoman Empire and the national turmoil the damage from the fire had not been volatile political situation in the country it, starting in the Neolithic Era and the palace, a hippodrome and a triumphal The brothers Cyril and Methodius, who fortunate enough to preserve mainly the the city, the Christians living in the east and in the Balkans led in 1904 to the beginning restored, refugees settled in churches, in led to the military coup of 1967, which Bronze Age, as evidenced by those arch (Camara) and turning the city into were born in Thessaloniki, carried out monuments of its glorious religious past. in the centre and the Muslims living in the of the Macedonian Struggle, in which gutted buildings, at unused corners of the ushered in seven years of dictatorship. excavated in the area of the Thessaloniki capital of the Balkans. their missionary work among the Slavs. Thessaloniki’s structures and organisation, Upper City. The ‘Frangomachalas’ district Thessaloniki, with the Greek Consulate as a city walls, at military camps abandoned In 1978, the city suffered a powerful International Fair, Stavroupolis, Thermi The Bulgarians were the first to accept its buildings, dwellings, markets, the would later be created near the port to launching pad, played a major role. In 1908, by the Allies. However, above all, new earthquake, leaving in its wake ruins and and Ano Toumba. Archaeologists have The stay of Constantine the Great in Christianity in 864, followed by the Serbs everyday public and private life of its accommodate the European population the Young Turk movement exploded in the settlements, new neighbourhoods and casualties. During the 1990s, with the also unearthed sites from the Iron Age Thessaloniki in 322-323 coincides with in 867-874.The sacking of the city by the residents all bear witness to its secular of the city. city, creating hope for religious equality new suburbs were formed. Thessaloniki dissolution of the Eastern Bloc, numerous and the later eras (9th-4th century BC) the implementation of large-scale works Saracens in 904 and the famine of 927 were side, a fact that is further confirmed by the that would soon be dashed. once consisted of 26 ancient towns; the economic immigrants arrived in the city. in Karabournaki, Thermi, Polichni and in the city, such as the port at its south- landmark events of the 10th century that evidence from the various excavations In the 19th century, an era of Reform for the new Thessaloniki now extended across In 1997, Thessaloniki was the European Sindos. According to sources, these western end. The 4th century was one of unquestionably influenced the thinking taking place in the city. Ottoman Empire, the city flourished. Light In 1912, Thessaloniki was liberated and the centuries and throughout new Capital of Culture. In 2012, the city settlements comprised the 26 towns that great changes for the city, characterised and art of the era. During the Crusades industry and commerce grew, while large annexed to the Greek state. Within a few settlements. The former Co-reigning City celebrated the 100-year anniversary of its united to form the city. by the pre-eminence of Christianity, at on the western borders of the empire, Under Ottoman rule (1430-1912), almost commercial firms from Greece and abroad decades, major historical events took place became the Refugee Capital. liberation and won the title of European least three centuries after the visit of Paul Thessaloniki once again played a leading all Christian churches, parish or Catholic gave the city a cosmopolitan atmosphere. in the city. By the mid-20th century, the city Youth Capital for 2014. Thessaloniki was founded as an urban the Apostle to the city, and marked at its role as a centre of military operations. Its monasteries were converted into mosques. Contact with European ideas impacted had changed radically in image, size and In 1926, the University of Thessaloniki centre by Cassander, a general of Philip end, in 390, by the massacre of thousands Metropolitans, chief among them being The city acquired an Eastern character. citizens of all communities and religions. population. was founded and the firstThessaloniki II, in 316 BC. This action was part of of Thessalonians at the city hippodrome Eustathius, were historical figures who Mosques were built throughout its During the final quarter of the century, International Fair was held. The city the residential policy of Alexander the on the orders of Emperor Theodosius I. dominated the intellectual life of the city neighbourhoods, new building complexes, numerous schools and hospitals were During World War I, Thessaloniki served recovered and began writing new pages Great’s successors, aiming at the creation By the end of the 5th century, the Roman and expressed positions on the major religious schools, Bezesteni (an indoor built by all the communities and important as the military operations centre of the in its history. The ‘May of 1936’ was of powerful cities at key locations to city had been transformed into a centre of theological and political problems of the market) and bathhouses became the buildings were constructed. The decision Macedonian Front, housing the renowned shocking for Thessaloniki, as strikes and ensure communication between the Christianity. era. The sacking of the city by the Normans hubs of the city’s new reality. The water to demolish the sea wall and part of the Armée d’Orient (Army of the Orient), demonstrations were bathed in blood. state of Macedon and the rest of the in 1185 and its occupation by the Latins for supply system already in operation with south-eastern wall changed the image of allies of the Entente. English and French The German occupation began in 1941, world. An organised port in Thessaloniki The historical character of Thessaloniki is two decades after 1204 briefly suspended underground and aboveground cisterns the city. Its medieval character was lost, military camps sprouted throughout the adding dark pages to the local history. was necessary due to the rapid increase undoubtedly linked to its Byzantine life. but did not stop its cultural growth. Artistic was enhanced and expanded. Fountains but it became able to ‘breathe in’ the sea outskirts of the city. In 1916, Venizelos, In 1943, thousands of Thessaloniki in commerce and communication with The walls and extant inscriptions record and literary production flourished during decorated with ornate sculptures were and acquired a complete new seafront. having fallen out with the King, decided to Jews were transported by train to Nazi distant lands. the tumultuous history of the city. The the Komnenian period and reached its constructed along the maze-like streets, Modern-day Ethnikis Amynis Street was form a temporary Triumvirate government concentration camps and the community walled city and its monuments could peak during the Palaeologan era. The turn the Bairia of the Upper/Old City (Ano constructed at the expense of the Sultan in Thessaloniki, with the contribution of of the city was all but annihilated.