nanomaterials Review Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology-Associated Innovations against Viral Infections with a Focus on Coronaviruses Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh 1,* , Mohaddeseh Sajjadi 1, Ghazaleh Jamalipour Soufi 2 , Siavash Iravani 3,* and Rajender S. Varma 4,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom 37185-359, Iran;
[email protected] 2 Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746 73461, Iran;
[email protected] 3 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746 73461, Iran 4 Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitel ˚u27, 783 71, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic * Correspondence:
[email protected] (M.N.);
[email protected] (S.I.);
[email protected] (R.S.V.) Received: 1 May 2020; Accepted: 20 May 2020; Published: 31 May 2020 Abstract: Viral infections have recently emerged not only as a health threat to people but rapidly became the cause of universal fatality on a large scale. Nanomaterials comprising functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) and quantum dots and nanotechnology-associated innovative detection methods, vaccine design, and nanodrug production have shown immense promise for interfacing with pathogenic viruses and restricting their entrance into cells. These viruses have been scrutinized using rapid diagnostic detection and therapeutic interventional options against the caused infections including vaccine development for prevention and control. Coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have endangered human life, and the COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has become a perilous challenge to public health globally with huge accompanying morbidity rates.