Volume 30 Advances in Librarianship Editorial Advisory Board Eileen G. Abels, University of Maryland at College Park Cheryl McCarthy, University of Rhode Island Danuta A. Nitecki, Yale University Mary Jean Pavelsek, New York University Nancy Roderer, Johns Hopkins University Robert A. Seal, Texas Christian University Volume 30 Advances in Librarianship Edited by Danuta A. Nitecki Yale University Library New Haven Connecticut, USA and Eileen G. Abels University of Maryland at College Park College of Information Studies College Park, Maryland, USA AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO ACADEMIC Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier PRESS Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2006 Copyright r 2006 Elsevier Inc. 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Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made ISBN-13: 978-0-12-024630-4 ISBN-10: 0-12-024630-9 ISSN: 0065-2830 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in USA 060708091010987654321 Contents Contributors xi Preface xiii Tracing Issues in Communication: Relevance and Freedom of Expression Relevance: A Review of the Literature and a Framework for Thinking on the Notion in Information Science. Part II 03 Tefko Saracevic I. Prologue: How Parts I and II are Connected across Time and What This Work is All about 03 II. Introduction: How Information Technology made the Study of Relevance Ever More Relevant 04 III. Historical Footnote: A Reminder of How Relevance Came into being in IR and Affected a Lot of Things 06 IV. Meaning of Relevance: How Relevance is Universally Well Understood, How it is Understood in Information Science and, Nevertheless, How Problems with Relevance are in its Understandings 09 V. Theories of Relevance: What Theoretical Constructs were Borrowed from Elsewhere and How We Still Don’t have an Applicable Theory of Relevance 14 VI. Models of Relevance: How Relevance was Reviewed and Reviewed, and How a Few Models Came Out of Reviews 21 VII. Manifestations of Relevance: How Relevance is Not One Thing but Many and How They are Interpreted 30 VIII. Behavior of Relevance: Or Rather, How People Behave around Relevance and How it was Studied 37 v vi Contents IX. Effects of Relevance: Or Rather, What Influences are Related to Relevance Judges and Judgments 45 X. Epilogue: A Backward and a Forward Look on Relevance Scholarship With Some Suggestions for Research Agenda 57 References 63 Intellectual Freedom in Libraries: Then and Now 73 Henry Cohen and Mary Minow I. Introduction 73 II. Predictions made in the 1970s for the Future of Intellectual Freedom in Libraries 74 III. Intellectual Freedom Cases and Laws of Direct Relevance to Libraries from the 1970s to 2005 75 IV. The Expanding Role of the Library Profession in Defending Intellectual Freedom from the 1970s to 2005 89 V. The Future of Intellectual Freedom for Library Users 99 References 100 Focusing on Library Services and Resources Reference Service: From Certainty to Uncertainty 105 James Rettig I. A Representative Reference Transaction Circa 1976 105 II. Introduction 107 III. Technological Change 108 IV. Rethinking Reference 118 V. Meeting Users Where They are 123 VI. Assessment 125 VII. Collaboration 127 VIII. Reference Works 128 IX. Instruction 133 X. The Future 136 XI. Coda: A Representative Instant Messaging Reference Transaction Circa 2006 137 References 138 Contents vii Progress in Health Sciences Librarianship: 1970–2005 145 Keith W. Cogdill I. Introduction 145 II. Information Resources 147 III. IT and Library Services 160 IV. Collaboration and Resource Sharing 164 V. Health Sciences Librarians’ Education and Professional Development 165 VI. Informatics 167 VII. Health Information Outreach 169 VIII. Conclusions 170 References 171 Oral History: Prospects and a Retrospective 179 James E. Fogerty I. Oral History Then and Now 179 II. Defining the Term and the Work 180 III. Evolution and Direction 181 IV. The Present and the Past 183 V. A Case Study in the Oral History of Contemporary Events 184 VI. Oral History and Immigrant Communities 186 VII. The Construction of Oral History: Interviewers, Narrators, and Postproduction 187 VIII. Paper and Electronic Versions 190 IX. Funding Oral History 192 X. Navigating the Digital Ocean 194 XI. Audio vs. Video 195 XII. The Present and the Future 196 XIII. Conclusion 198 References 199 Library Buildings at the Threshold of Change 201 William Goodrich Jones I. The Continuing Vigor of Library Building Construction 201 II. How Changing Functions are Influencing Academic Library Design 207 III. The Information Commons 208 IV. Undergraduate Libraries 210 V. Branch, Divisional, and Special Collections Libraries 214 viii Contents VI. Offsite Storage 217 VII. Sustainable Design 219 VIII. Safety and Security 223 IX. Conclusion 224 References 228 Tailoring Services to Different User Groups The Burden of Being Special: Adding Clarity about Communicating to Researching and Serving Users, Special, and Otherwise 233 Brenda Dervin, CarrieLynn D. Reinhard and Zack Y. Kerr I. Given a ‘‘Special’’ Population by Any Other Name 233 II. A Catalogue of Special Populations 239 III. The Essential Ideas behind Special Populations 245 IV. The Dangers of Defining Subpopulations as Special 248 V. Arguments behind the Arguments 249 VI. How the Polarities Converge in Our Understanding of User SubGroups 255 VII. Adding Clarity about Communicating to Our Understandings of Special Populations 257 VIII. Summary and Conclusions 259 References 261 Progress in School Library Media Programs: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Now? And Where Are We Going? 271 Cheryl Ann McCarthy I. Introduction and Overview 271 II. Where Have We Been? 273 III. National Standards: A Brief Historical Perspective 279 IV. Where Are We Now 1975–2005? 284 V. Where Are We Going? 292 VI. Recommendations from the Research 294 References 295 Contents ix The Undergraduate Library and Its Librarians in the Large Research University: Responding to Change to Remain Vital and Relevant 299 Kari Lucas I. Introduction 299 II. What has Emerged from the Undergraduate Library Concept? 300 III. What has Been Consequential to the Undergraduate Library Concept? 304 IV. Challenges for the Undergraduate Library 310 V. Conclusion 317 References 318 Educating the Profession for the Future Library Professionals for the 21st Century Academy 327 Diane L. Barlow and Elizabeth Aversa I. Introduction 327 II. The Environment of Academic Librarianship 329 III. Library Education 30 Years after Asheim 338 IV. Education for Academic Librarianship 343 V. Conclusions 359 References 360 The CLIR Fellowship and Academic Librarianship, or Frodo Meets Google 365 Daphne´e Rentfrow I. A Tradition of Change 365 II. CLIR in the World of Tolkien 368 References 387 x Contents Quality Assurance in Library and Information Science (LIS) Schools: Major Trends and Issues 389 Anna Maria Tammaro I. Introduction 389 II. Background 391 III. Literature Review 392 IV. LIS Quality Guidelines and Standards 401 V. LIS School Survey 407 VI. Conclusions 419 References 420 Index 425 Contributors Numbers in parantheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. Tefko Saracevic (3), School of Communication, Information and Library Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA Henry Cohen (73), Legislative Attorney, Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, Washington DC, USA Mary Minow (73), Library Law Consultant, LibraryLaw.com James Rettig (105), Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA Keith W. Cogdill (145) James E. Fogerty (179), Minnesota Historical Society, MN, USA William Goodrich Jones (201), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA Brenda Dervin, CarrieLynn D. Reinhard, Zack Y. Kerr (233), School of Communication, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Cheryl Ann McCarthy (271), University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, Rhode Island, USA Kari Lucas (299), UCSD Libraries, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA Diane L. Barlow (327), College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Elizabeth Aversa (327), School of Library and Information Studies, University of Alabama,