DOCSLIB.ORG

National Recovery Plan for the Wallum Sedgefrog and Other Wallum-Dependent Frog Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Recovery Plan for the Wallum Sedgefrog and Other Wallum-Dependent Frog Species National recovery plan for the wallum sedgefrog and other wallum-dependent frog species National recovery plan for the wallum sedgefrog and other wallum-dependent frog species Prepared by: Ed Meyer1, Jean-Marc Hero1, Luke Shoo1 and Ben Lewis2 1 School of Environmental and Applied Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 9726 2 Lewis Ecological Surveys, Wingham, NSW 2459 Title page clockwise from top left: wallum sedgefrog (Litoria olongburensis), Cooloola sedgefrog (Litoria cooloolensis), wallum froglet (Crinia tinnula) and wallum rocketfrog (Litoria freycineti). Photos by Ed Meyer. © The State of Queensland, Environmental Protection Agency 2006 Copyright protects this publication. Except for the purposes permitted by the Copyright Act, reproduction by whatever means is prohibited without prior written knowledge of the Environmental Protection Agency. Inquiries should be addressed to PO Box 15155, CITY EAST, QLD 4002. Copies may be obtained from the: Executive Director Conservation Services Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service PO Box 15155 City East Qld 4002 Disclaimer: The Australian Government, in partnership with the Environmental Protection Agency/Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service and the New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation, facilitates the publication of recovery plans to detail the actions needed for the conservation of threatened native wildlife. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, and may also be constrained by the need to address other conservation priorities. Approved recovery actions may be subject to modification due to changes in knowledge and changes in conservation status. This recovery plan includes four species of frog, however adoption as a national recovery plan under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 refers only to the wallum sedgefrog Litoria olongburensis. Publication reference: Meyer, E., Hero, J-M., Shoo, L. and Lewis, B. 2006. National recovery plan for the wallum sedgefrog and other wallum-dependent frog species . Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Material presented in this document may not be copied unless approved by the South-east Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team. 2 Contents Executive Summary.............................................................................................. 4 1. General information.......................................................................................... 6 Species covered by plan ................................................................................ 6 International obligations ................................................................................. 6 Affected interests............................................................................................ 6 Consultation with Indigenous people.............................................................. 8 Benefits to other species and communities.................................................... 8 Social and economic impacts......................................................................... 9 2. Biological information ...................................................................................... 10 Distribution ..................................................................................................... 10 Habitat critical to the survival of the species .................................................. 12 Important populations..................................................................................... 14 3. Threats ............................................................................................................... 16 Biology and ecology relevant to threats ......................................................... 16 Identification of threats ................................................................................... 16 Areas under threat ......................................................................................... 19 Populations under threat................................................................................ 19 4. Recovery objectives ......................................................................................... 20 Overall objective............................................................................................. 20 Specific objectives.......................................................................................... 20 5. Performance criteria and Recovery actions ................................................... 20 Performance criteria....................................................................................... 20 Evaluation of recovery plan............................................................................ 20 Recovery actions............................................................................................ 20 Summary .......................................................................................................28 6. Management practices ..................................................................................... 30 7. Cost of recovery................................................................................................ 32 References............................................................................................................. 33 Appendix 1. Species Profiles............................................................................... 36 3 Executive Summary Species This recovery plan is a multi-species plan for wallum-dependent frog species of coastal south-east Queensland and eastern New South Wales. The species covered by this plan are the wallum sedgefrog Litoria olongburensis, Cooloola sedgefrog L. cooloolensis, wallum rocketfrog L. freycineti and wallum froglet Crinia tinnula. Current species status The species in this plan are listed as ‘Rare’ or ‘Vulnerable’ under state legislation, the Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. However, only the wallum sedgefrog is listed under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). All species in this plan are listed as ‘Vulnerable’ or ‘Endangered’ by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Habitat and distribution The species in this plan are wholly or largely restricted to lowland sand plains, dunes and sand islands of coastal south-east Queensland and New South Wales (including coastal ‘wallum’). All breed in oligotrophic (nutrient poor) acidic (pH < 6.0) coastal swamps and/or lakes. Rarely, except in disturbed habitat, are these species found together with related species (i.e. the common sedgefrog Litoria fallax, striped rocketfrog Litoria nasuta and beeping froglet Crinia parinsignifera). Threats The species in this plan have suffered significant habitat loss due to urban and resort development, the establishment of pine plantations and sand mining. Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urban development remains one of the main threats to wallum frog species, particularly in coastal south-east Queensland and northeast New South Wales. Other known and potential threats include habitat degradation, predation of eggs and larvae by introduced fish (in particular the mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki), inappropriate fire regimes, use of biocides in weed and mosquito control, habitat disturbance and predation by pigs, chytrid fungus infection, a possible rise in sea levels as a consequence of global warming, competition with ecologically-similar species, exotic disease and vehicular traffic. Overall objective The overall aim of this plan is to improve the conservation status of wallum frog species through effective management, protection and rehabilitation of wallum frog habitat. Specific objectives The specific objectives of this five-year plan are: 1. To identify areas of habitat critical to the survival of wallum frog species more accurately. 2. To protect habitat critical to wallum frog survival and important wallum frog populations from threatening processes. 3. To rehabilitate degraded wallum frog habitat. 4. To determine population trends in areas of disturbed undisturbed and rehabilitated habitat. 4 Performance criteria The success of this plan will be measured against the following criteria: 1. Non-breeding habitat critical to the survival of wallum frog species is identified. 2. Important populations and their habitat are identified. 3. Essential habitat outside protected areas is conserved. 4. Threats to wallum frog populations in protected areas are mitigated. 5. Knowledge of threats is improved and utilised to ensure wallum frog habitat and populations are appropriately managed/protected. 6. Stakeholders and the broader community are engaged in the recovery of wallum frog species. 7. Degraded wallum frog habitat is rehabilitated. 8. Data on population trends are collected for all wallum frog species in areas of undisturbed, disturbed and rehabilitated habitat and used to guide management actions. Recovery actions Actions needed for recovery of wallum-dependent frog species include: 1. Identify and assess essential habitat. 2. Protect wallum frog populations and manage habitat. 3. Acquire additional information on threats to inform management. 4. Engage stakeholders and the broader community in recovery of wallum frog species. 5. Rehabilitate degraded wallum frog habitat. 6. Monitor
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lake Pinaroo Ramsar Site
    Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site Disclaimer The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) has compiled the Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. DECC does not accept responsibility for any inaccurate or incomplete information supplied by third parties. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. Readers should seek appropriate advice about the suitability of the information to their needs. © State of New South Wales and Department of Environment and Climate Change DECC is pleased to allow the reproduction of material from this publication on the condition that the source, publisher and authorship are appropriately acknowledged. Published by: Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW 59–61 Goulburn Street, Sydney PO Box A290, Sydney South 1232 Phone: 131555 (NSW only – publications and information requests) (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au DECC 2008/275 ISBN 978 1 74122 839 7 June 2008 Printed on environmentally sustainable paper Cover photos Inset upper: Lake Pinaroo in flood, 1976 (DECC) Aerial: Lake Pinaroo in flood, March 1976 (DECC) Inset lower left: Blue-billed duck (R. Kingsford) Inset lower middle: Red-necked avocet (C. Herbert) Inset lower right: Red-capped plover (C. Herbert) Summary An ecological character description has been defined as ‘the combination of the ecosystem components, processes, benefits and services that characterise a wetland at a given point in time’.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Abundance and Detection Trends During a Large Flood in a Semi-Arid Floodplain Wetland
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11:408–425. Submitted: 26 January 2016; Accepted: 2 September 2016; Published: 16 December 2016. Amphibian Abundance and Detection Trends During a Large Flood in a Semi-Arid Floodplain Wetland Joanne F. Ocock1,4, Richard T. Kingsford1, Trent D. Penman2, and Jodi J.L. Rowley1,3 1Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia 2Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia 3Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia 4Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract.—Amphibian abundance and occupancy are often reduced in regulated river systems near dams, but com- paratively little is known about how they are affected on floodplain wetlands downstream or the effects of actively managed flows. We assessed frog diversity in the Macquarie Marshes, a semi-arid floodplain wetland of conserva- tion significance, identifying environmental variables that might explain abundances and detection of species. We collected relative abundance data of 15 amphibian species at 30 sites over four months, coinciding with a large natural flood. We observed an average of 39.9 ± (SE) 4.3 (range, 0-246) individuals per site survey, over 47 survey nights. Three non-burrowing, ground-dwelling species were most abundant at temporarily flooded sites with low- growing aquatic vegetation (e.g., Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Limnodynastes fletcheri, Crinia parinsignifera). Most arboreal species (e.g., Litoria caerulea) were more abundant in wooded habitat, regardless of water permanency.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Patterns of Ranavirus Detections
    NOTE Global patterns of ranavirus detections Jesse L. Brunnera*, Deanna H. Olsonb, Matthew J. Grayc, Debra L. Millerd, and Amanda L.J. Duffuse aSchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA; bUSDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331-8550, USA; cDepartment of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-4563, USA; dCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996-4563, USA; eDepartment of Natural Sciences, Gordon State College, Barnesville, GA 30204, USA *[email protected] Abstract Ranaviruses are emerging pathogens of poikilothermic vertebrates. In 2015 the Global Ranavirus Reporting System (GRRS) was established as a centralized, open access, online database for reports of the presence (and absence) of ranavirus around the globe. The GRRS has multiple data layers (e.g., location, date, host(s) species, and methods of detection) of use to those studying the epidemiol- ogy, ecology, and evolution of this group of viruses. Here we summarize the temporal, spatial, diag- nostic, and host-taxonomic patterns of ranavirus reports in the GRRS. The number, distribution, and host diversity of ranavirus reports have increased dramatically since the mid 1990s, presumably in response to increased interest in ranaviruses and the conservation of their hosts, and also the availability of molecular diagnostics. Yet there are clear geographic and taxonomic biases among the OPEN ACCESS reports. We encourage ranavirus researchers to add their studies to the portal because such collation can provide collaborative opportunities and unique insights to our developing knowledge of this For personal use only.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne QLD Page 1 of 125 21-Jan-11 Species List for NRM Region Border Rivers Maranoa - Balonne, Queensland
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibian Neuropeptides: Isolation, Sequence Determination and Bioactivity
    Amphibian Neuropeptides: Isolation, Sequence Determination and Bioactivity A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry by Vita Marie Maselli B.Sc. (Hons) July 2006 Preface ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Contents Abstract viii Statement of Originality x Acknowledgements xi List of Figures xii List of Tables xv The 20 Common Amino Acids xvi Chapter 1- Amphibians and their Peptides 1 1.1 Amphibian Peptides 1 1.1a Amphibians 1 1.1b The Role of Anuran Peptides 2 1.2 The Pharmacology of Peptides 4 1.2a Neuropeptides 5 1.2b Hormonal Peptides 7 1.2c Antibacterial Peptides 8 1.2d Anticancer Agents 9 1.2e Antifungal Peptides 9 1.2f Antimalarial Peptides 9 1.2g Pheromones 10 1.2h Miscellaneous Peptides 10 1.3 Peptide Biosynthesis 11 1.4 Methodology 12 1.4a Collection of Frog Secretions 12 1.4b Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 13 1.4c Mass Spectrometry 14 1.4d Q-TOF 2 Hybrid Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer 15 ii Preface ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.5 Peptide Sequencing 18 1.5a Positive and Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry 18 1.5b Automated Edman Sequencing 21 1.5c Enzyme Digestion 22 1.5d Determination of the C-terminal End Group 23 1.6 Bioactivity Testing 24 Chapter 2- Studies of Skin Secretions from the Crinia genus 2.1 Introduction 25 2.1a General 25 2.1b Cyclic Peptides 29 2.2 Host-Defence Compounds from Crinia riparia 30 2.2a Results 30 2.2.1a Isolation
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Animal Keepers Species List
    Revised NSW Native Animal Keepers’ Species List Draft © 2017 State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage With the exception of photographs, the State of NSW and Office of Environment and Heritage are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are acknowledged. Specific permission is required for the reproduction of photographs. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. OEH shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation taking action or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying the information to their specific needs. All content in this publication is owned by OEH and is protected by Crown Copyright, unless credited otherwise. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), subject to the exemptions contained in the licence. The legal code for the licence is available at Creative Commons. OEH asserts the right to be attributed as author of the original material in the following manner: © State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage 2017. Published by: Office of Environment and Heritage 59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 PO Box A290,
    [Show full text]
  • Vertebrate Fauna in the Southern Forests of Western Australia
    tssN 0085-8129 ODC151:146 VertebrateFauna in The SouthernForests of WesternAustralia A Survey P. CHRISTENSEN,A. ANNELS, G. LIDDELOW AND P. SKINNER FORESTS DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA BULLETIN94, 1985 T:- VertebrateFauna in The SouthernForests of WesternAustralia A Survey By P. CHRISTENSEN, A. ANNELS, G. LIDDELOW AND P. SKINNER Edited by Liana ChristensenM.A. (w.A.I.T.) Preparedfor Publicationby Andrew C.A. Cribb B.A. (U.W.A.) P.J. McNamara Acting Conservator of Forcsts 1985 I I r FRONT COVER The Bush R.at (Rattus fuscipes): the most abundantof the native mammals recordedby the surueyteams in WesternAustralia's southernforests. Coverphotograph: B. A. & A. C. WELLS Printed in WesternAustralia Publishedby the ForestsDepartmeDt of WesternAustralia Editor MarianneR.L. Lewis AssistantEditor Andrew C.A. Cribb DesignTrish Ryder CPl9425/7/85- Bf Atthority WILLIAM BENBOW,Aciing Cov€mmenaPrinter, Wesrern Ausrralia + Contents Page SUMMARY SECTION I-INTRODUCTION HistoricalBackground. Recent Perspectives SECTION II-DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY AREA Boundariesand PhysicalFeatures 3 Geology 3 Soils 3 Climate 6 Vegetation 6 VegetationTypes. 8 SECTION III-SURVEY METHODS 13 SECTION IV-SURVEY RESULTSAND LIST OF SPECIES. l6 (A) MAMMALS Discussionof Findings. l6 List of Species (i) IndigenousSpecies .17 (ii) IntroducedSpecies .30 (B) BIRDS Discussionof Findings List of Species .34 (C) REPTILES Discussionof Findings. List of Species. .49 (D) AMPHIBIANS Discussionof Findings. 55 List of Species. 55 (E) FRESHWATER FISH Discussionof Findings. .59 List of Species (i) IndigenousSpecies 59 (ii) IntroducedSpecies 6l SECTION V-GENERALDISCUSSION 63 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 68 REFERENCES 69 APPENDICES I-Results from Fauna Surveys 1912-t982 72 II-Results from Other ResearchStudies '74 Within The SurveyArea 1970-1982.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overdue Review and Reclassification of the Australasian
    AustralasianAustralasian JournalJournal ofof HerpetologyHerpetology ISSN 1836-5698 (Print) ISSN 1836-5779 (Online) Hoser, R. T. 2020. For the first time ever! An overdue review and reclassification of Australasian Tree Frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Pelodryadidae), including formal descriptions of 12 tribes, 11 subtribes, 34 genera, 26 subgenera, 62 species and 12 subspecies new to science. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 44-46:1-192. ISSUE 46, PUBLISHED 5 JUNE 2020 Hoser, R. T. 2020. For the first time ever! An overdue review and reclassification of Australasian Tree Frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Pelodryadidae), including formal descriptions of 12 tribes, 11 subtribes, 34 genera, 26 130 Australasiansubgenera, 62 species Journal and 12 subspecies of Herpetologynew to science. Australasian Journal of Herpetology 44-46:1-192. ... Continued from AJH Issue 45 ... zone of apparently unsuitable habitat of significant geological antiquity and are therefore reproductively Underside of thighs have irregular darker patches and isolated and therefore evolving in separate directions. hind isde of thigh has irregular fine creamish coloured They are also morphologically divergent, warranting stripes. Skin is leathery and with numerous scattered identification of the unnamed population at least to tubercles which may or not be arranged in well-defined subspecies level as done herein. longitudinal rows, including sometimes some of medium to large size and a prominent one on the eyelid. Belly is The zone dividing known populations of each species is smooth except for some granular skin on the lower belly only about 30 km in a straight line. and thighs. Vomerine teeth present, but weakly P. longirostris tozerensis subsp. nov. is separated from P.
    [Show full text]
  • ARAZPA Amphibian Action Plan
    Appendix 1 to Murray, K., Skerratt, L., Marantelli, G., Berger, L., Hunter, D., Mahony, M. and Hines, H. 2011. Guidelines for minimising disease risks associated with captive breeding, raising and restocking programs for Australian frogs. A report for the Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. ARAZPA Amphibian Action Plan Compiled by: Graeme Gillespie, Director Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria; Russel Traher, Amphibian TAG Convenor, Curator Healesville Sanctuary Chris Banks, Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria. February 2007 1 1. Background Amphibian species across the world have declined at an alarming rate in recent decades. According to the IUCN at least 122 species have gone extinct since 1980 and nearly one third of the world’s near 6,000 amphibian species are classified as threatened with extinction, placing the entire class at the core of the current biodiversity crisis (IUCN, 2006). Australasia too has experienced significant declines; several Australian species are considered extinct and nearly 25% of the remainder are threatened with extinction, while all four species native to New Zealand are threatened. Conventional causes of biodiversity loss, habitat destruction and invasive species, are playing a major role in these declines. However, emergent disease and climate change are strongly implicated in many declines and extinctions. These factors are now acting globally, rapidly and, most disturbingly, in protected and near pristine areas. Whilst habitat conservation and mitigation of threats in situ are essential, for many taxa the requirement for some sort of ex situ intervention is mounting. In response to this crisis there have been a series of meetings organised by the IUCN (World Conservation Union), WAZA (World Association of Zoos & Aquariums) and CBSG (Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, of the IUCN Species Survival Commission) around the world to discuss how the zoo community can and should respond.
    [Show full text]
  • (Geocrinia Alba and Geocrinia Vitellina) Recovery Plan
    White-bellied and Orange-bellied Frogs (Geocrinia alba and Geocrinia vitellina) Recovery Plan Geocrinia alba Geocrinia vitellina Western Australian Wildlife Management Program No. 59 Department of Parks and Wildlife August 2014 Western Australian Wildlife Management Program No. 59 White-bellied and Orange-bellied Frogs (Geocrinia alba and Geocrinia vitellina) Recovery Plan August 2014 Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Foreword Recovery Plans are developed within the framework laid down in Department of Parks and Wildlife Policy Statements Nos 44 and 50 (CALM 1992; CALM 1994), and the Australian Government Department of the Environment’s Recovery Planning Compliance Checklist for Legislative and Process Requirements (DEWHA 2008). Recovery Plans delineate, justify and schedule management actions necessary to support the recovery of threatened species and ecological communities. Recovery plans are a partnership between the Department of the Environment and the Department of Parks and Wildlife. The Department of Parks and Wildlife acknowledges the role of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the Department of the Environment in guiding the implementation of this recovery plan. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds necessary to implement actions are subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address a range of priorities. Recovery Plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official position of individuals or organisations represented on the Recovery Team. This Recovery Plan was approved by the Department of Parks and Wildlife, Western Australia. Approved Recovery Plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in status of the taxon or ecological community and the completion of recovery actions.
    [Show full text]
  • EAP Engineering Technical Control Document
    Ecology Assessment Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 6 2. Site Context .............................................................................................................. 6 3. Methodology ............................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Desktop and Literature Review ................................................................... 6 3.2 Field Survey ................................................................................................ 7 3.2.1 Vegetation Community Survey ...................................................... 7 3.2.2 Habitat Survey ............................................................................... 7 3.2.3 Threatened Flora and Fauna Survey ............................................. 7 3.2.4 Exotic Flora and Fauna Surveys .................................................... 8 3.2.5 Disturbance Survey ....................................................................... 8 4. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................ 8 4.1 Desktop and Literature Review ................................................................... 8 4.1.1 Matters of National Environmental Significance ............................. 8 4.1.2 Weeds ......................................................................................... 12 4.1.3 Pest Fauna .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Antipredator Mechanisms of Post-Metamorphic Anurans: a Global Database and Classification System
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Ecology Center Publications Ecology Center 5-1-2019 Antipredator Mechanisms of Post-Metamorphic Anurans: A Global Database and Classification System Rodrigo B. Ferreira Utah State University Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes Universidade Estadual de Maringá Cássio Zocca Universidade Vila Velha Charles Duca Universidade Vila Velha Karen H. Beard Utah State University Edmund D. Brodie Jr. Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/eco_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Ferreira, R.B., Lourenço-de-Moraes, R., Zocca, C. et al. Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2019) 73: 69. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00265-019-2680-1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecology Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ecology Center Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Antipredator mechanisms of post-metamorphic anurans: a global database and 2 classification system 3 4 Rodrigo B. Ferreira1,2*, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes3, Cássio Zocca1, Charles Duca1, Karen H. 5 Beard2, Edmund D. Brodie Jr.4 6 7 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, 8 Brazil 9 2 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United 10 States of America 11 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual 12 de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil 13 4 Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States of 14 America 15 16 *Corresponding author: Rodrigo B.
    [Show full text]