271 The status of mariculture in northern China Chang Yaqing1 and Chen Jiaxin2 1Dalian Fisheries University Dalian, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China E-mail:
[email protected] 2Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China Chang, Y. and Chen, J. 2008. The status of mariculture in northern China. In A. Lovatelli, M.J. Phillips, J.R. Arthur and K. Yamamoto (eds). FAO/NACA Regional Workshop on the Future of Mariculture: a Regional Approach for Responsible Development in the Asia- Pacific Region. Guangzhou, China, 7–11 March 2006. FAO Fisheries Proceedings. No. 11. Rome, FAO. 2008. pp. 271–284. INTRODUCTION The People’s Republic of China has a long history of mariculture production. The mariculture industry in China has achieved breakthroughs in the hatchery, nursery and culture techniques of shrimp, molluscs and fish of high commercial value since the 1950s. The first major development was seaweed culture during the 1950s, made possible by breakthroughs in breeding technology. By the end of the 1970s, annual seaweed production had reached 250 000 tonnes in dry weight (approximately 1.5 million tonnes of fresh seaweed). Shrimp culture developed during the 1980s because of advances in hatchery technology and economic reform policies. Annual shrimp production reached 210 000 tonnes in 1992. Disease outbreaks since 1993, however, have reduced shrimp production by about two-thirds. Mariculture production increased steadily between 1954 and 1985, but has been growing exponentially since 1986, mostly driven by mollusc culture. Mollusc culture in China began to expand beyond the four traditional species (oyster, cockle, razor clam and ruditapes clam) in the 1970s.